常见的修辞格翻译 (1)
修辞格的翻译方法

修辞格的翻译方法修辞格一般都具有形式独特新颖、内容丰富、功能生动鲜明等特点。
翻译英语修辞格力求译文能有效地再现原文的精神和风格。
英译汉中常见的修辞格,包括音韵修辞格、词义修辞格、句法修辞格等,本文着重介绍了修辞格的翻译方法,包括直译、加注、意译法、替换法、归化、切分等,并通过一些实例来阐述。
一般说来,修辞格的翻译原则是形似不如神似重要,因为英汉两种语言在修辞手法修辞格的翻译上存在许多差异,为了使译文符合译入语的语言规范和表达习惯。
总的来说,英语修辞格的译法主要有直译、加注、意译、归化、切分、数种译法并用等。
(一)直译法在英汉两种语言的修辞手法和比喻形象无甚差异的情况下,就可采用直译。
直译既可传达原文的意义,又可保持原文的修辞风格,丰富译文的语言表达能力。
His present hunger awoke and gnawed at him.这会儿,他肚子里的饥饿又苏醒过来撕咬着他。
(二)加注法加注也是丰富译文语言表达的一种有效方法。
它既能传达原文的意思和神韵,又能扩展读者的知识面,尤其原文所用的典故在上下文中起比较重要的作用时,使用加注能收到比较好的效果。
Christ,to hear some of th ose sailor’s myths,you’dthink bloody Fort know was on every ship that sailed.天哪,要是听信有些水手的胡说八道,你会以为每条出海的船上都有该死的诺克斯堡哩。
(注:诺克斯堡是美国一个军事保留地,是美国黄金仓库的所在地。
)(三)意译法由于许多英语修辞手法或比喻形象本身是特有的,如保留其形象就会危害其义。
如英语的头韵法,其搭配可以千变万化,很难碰巧找到这样的汉语搭配,即使勉强凑韵,也不一定能表达原文的意思。
在这种情况下,必须首先保证译文能正确传达原文的思想内容,然后尽一切可能去表现原文的节奏和旋律。
safe and sound安然无恙now and never机不可失(1)He is the mouth of the House in its relations with the crown.他是议会对王室的发言人。
翻译修辞

(1)He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出 像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 (2)It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动, 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤 细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
2.隐喻(metaphor) 隐喻( 隐喻 ) 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行, 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接 将用事物当作乙事物来描写, 将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物 之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
(1) Strawberries flooded the market and prices dropped down. 草莓充斥市场,价格下跌。 草莓充斥市场,价格下跌。 (2) The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
10. 讽刺(irony) 讽刺( ) 用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义, 用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义, 从而达到使本义更加幽默, 从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效 果。
She talked about great people as if she had the fee-simple of May Fair, and when the court went into mourning, she always wore black. 她一开口就是某某勋爵某某大人, 她一开口就是某某勋爵某某大人,那口气 竟好象她生来就是贵族。宫里有了丧事, 竟好象她生来就是贵族。宫里有了丧事, 她没有一回不穿孝。 她没有一回不穿孝。
翻译修辞

句子结构上的修辞格syntactical stylistic devices
反复Repetition, 联珠 catchword repetition, 回文 chiasmus 对偶,排比parallelism 反对antithesis, 设问rhetoric question, 倒装anastrophe, 描述性引语represented speech, 层递climax, 跳脱aposiopesis
Exercises
Then night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand at our fevered head, and turns our little tear – stained face up to hers, and smiles, and, though she does not speak, we know that she would say and lay our hot, flushed cheek against her bosom and the pain is gone. [参考译文]夜像一个慈祥伟大的母亲,轻轻地把她 的手放在我们发烫的额头上,把我们沾满泪水的 小脸扭向她的面孔,微笑着,虽然她不说话,但 我们知道她会说些什么。她把我们烧得发烫的面 颊靠在她的胸上,疼痛也就消失了。
as light as feather as cheap as dirt as bold as a lion as strong as a horse as stupid as a goose as clear as day as clear as a bell as bald as a coot
1词义修辞格

1词义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)metaphor(比喻), metonymy(借代), personification(拟人), irony(反语), hyperbole(夸张), understatement(低调), euphemism(委婉语), contrast(对照), oxymoron(矛盾修辞法), transferred epithet(移就), pun(双关), syllepsis(异叙), zeugma(粘连), parody(仿拟), paradox(隽语)2结构修辞格(Syntactical Stylistic Devices)repetition(反复), catchword repetition(联珠), chiasmus(回文), parallelism(平行结构), antithesis(反对), rhetoric question(设问), anticlimax(突降)3音韵修辞格(Phonetic Stylistic Devices)alliteration(头韵), onomatopoeia(拟声1.Parody(仿拟)如果译者功底不凡,能知作者之所“仿”,那么,理解与翻译也就“水到渠成”。
如:Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect. 可以译成:显然,在婚姻问题上,婚前同居并不能令婚姻生活趋于完美。
再如:When flu hits below the belt, it can be a challenge to keep down anything more nourishing than tea and water.词典对成语hits below the belt的通常解释是:用不正当手段打人(原指拳击中打对方的下身)。
《情人》中常见修辞格的翻译

Modern Linguistics 现代语言学, 2023, 11(9), 3988-3995 Published Online September 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/ml https:///10.12677/ml.2023.119536《情人》中常见修辞格的翻译龚秋云天津外国语大学欧洲语言文化学院,天津收稿日期:2023年8月8日;录用日期:2023年9月7日;发布日期:2023年9月20日摘要 杜拉斯在《情人》中构建了由隐喻和反复修辞格交织而成的叙事体系。
两者对于作者情感的表达和风格的呈现具有重要意义。
在《情人》中,作者打破了常规的语言和句式结构,以短句为主,名词常独立成句,呈现出破碎、断续的美感,给人以极具张力的审美体验,以致在90年代的中国掀起了一股翻译热潮。
本文将以王道乾和戴明沛译者的译本为例,分析两位译者对隐喻和反复修辞格的处理方式,探究信息的还原程度,文章风格的再现以及文本的文学审美的传达。
关键词《情人》,隐喻,反复,翻译Translation of Common Rhetorical Devices in the LoverQiuyun GongCollege of European Language and Culture, Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Tianjin Received: Aug. 8th , 2023; accepted: Sep. 7th , 2023; published: Sep. 20th , 2023AbstractIn the Lover , Marguerite Duras constructs a narrative system interwoven with metaphor and re-peated rhetorical devices. Both are of great significance to the author’s expression of emotion and presentation of style. In the Lover , the author breaks the conventional language and sentence structure, with short sentences as the main part and nouns often forming independent sentences, presenting the beauty of brokenness and interruption, giving people a very exciting aesthetic ex-perience, so much so that it set off a wave of translation boom in China in the 1990s. Taking the translations of Daoqian Wang and Mingpei Dai as examples, this paper analyzes the two transla-tors’ treatment of metaphors and repetitive rhetorical devices, and explores the degree to which龚秋云they restore the message, reproduce the style of the text, and convey the literary aesthetics of the text.KeywordsLover, Metaphor, Repetition, TranslationThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 情人及其译本介绍《情人》是新小说派作家玛格丽特·杜拉斯写于晚年的作品。
浅谈英语广告中的修辞翻译方法有哪些

浅谈英语广告中的修辞翻译方法有哪些浅谈英语广告中的修辞翻译方法有哪些浅谈广告中的修辞翻译方法广告是一种目的性极强的交际活动, 商品品牌与广告主题句的翻译是其形象战略中的主要组成部分,是商品进入他国市场的桥梁。
英语广告也不例外,就是要让广告富有感染力且方便记忆,激发消费者的购买欲[1]。
一则简单的广告,也许运用了多种修辞来强化其效果,使人看后觉得优美动人 ,回味无穷。
因此,在翻译英语广告时就需要尽量传递广告中所采用的修辞方法,让译语广告读者也能体会到源语广告的感染力,使译语广告也能产生源语广告所具有的效果。
广告中常用的修辞有:双关、拟人、比喻、压韵、对比、重复等。
修辞手段在广告问题中的广泛运用,造成了翻译的困难。
源语广告所采用的各种修辞手法却并非都是可译的,或者说并不具有完全的可译性或可译度。
由于英汉语言的差异和文化背景的不同,英语中用的奥妙之处有时很难用汉语再现。
翻译者应分析其相同点与不同点,在译文中,尽可能采用相同或相似的修辞手段 ,并根据汉语表达习惯和中国读者的审美情趣作相同的变化。
一、广告英语中常用的修辞格一则成功的广告往往是创作者精雕细琢的产物,除了在词语、句型运用的巧妙精细以外,也会经常使用修辞手法,在英语广告中,常用的修辞手段有以下几种:(一)比喻比喻能使语言生动、形象,它可以用来表达两种不同事物之间的相似关系,渲染语言的具体性和形象性,增强语言的美感,从而唤起消费者对产品的心理联想。
比喻中常见的有明喻和暗喻。
1.明喻明喻表示用作比喻和被用作比喻的两种不同事物之间的相似关系,一般由like 或as 来连接,如:(1) Fly smooth as silk and enjoy award winning food and service.Smooth as silk is an attitude born of a centuries oldculture.It’s the natural charm of our cabin and ground crews.It’s award winning cuisine ,some of it,with a Thai flavor.It’s a fresh orchi d for every passenger, smooth as silk is Thai.这是一则泰国航空公司的广告,在这则简洁的广告问题中有三处用了明喻的手法,主要结构式“Smooth as silk”。
翻译与辞格
2. 积极修辞格(Active Rhetoric Techniques)
它主要指那些有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。常见分类如下: 2.1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是把两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和 喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词有like, as if, as, as though 等。 (1)The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (B1U3/The Present, B1 代表《大学英语(精读教 程)》[1]“Book 1, 第一册”;U3 代表教程中“Unit 3 第三课”。 其后的英文为该课的课文标题,以此类推)。 支票像一只断了翅膀的小鸟似地飘落到地板上。 (2)He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. (B2U4/My First Job) 他带着一种吃惊的、不以为然的神态看着我,犹如一位上校看着 一名没有系好靴带的二等兵一样。
求雅换词的手法之一是大词小用或小词大用。如:Don’t take the low-fat label as a license to eat (不能因为食品标明低脂肪而敞开食 用)。这个句子的精彩之处在于“license”一词。它是用途很广的大 词,意为“执照”、“许可证”等。用在这里给人一种“头小帽大” 的感觉,新颖别致。译文却很难保留这种表达效果。 再如:If the term sounds unscientific to 20th-century ears, let us remember there is a definite connection between marshy lands and malaria… (如果这个术语对生活在20 世纪的人听来不科学的话,那就 让我们记住沼泽地和疟疾之间是有一定联系的……)。其中“ear”一 词使用范围极小,只是表示人的听力器官——耳朵,但在此处却将它 的所指范围扩大,给人一种焕然一新的感觉。
第8课 修辞格的翻译
樱花红陌上,柳叶绿池边。 (《周恩来诗选<春日偶成>》 The pathways red with cherry blossoms; The lakeside green with willow leaves.
2.4 设问( question and answer)
设问就是用自问自答的形式来达到增强语 气、吸引注意力的效果,并可以起到承上 启下的作用,常用直译。例如: 1 ) Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 2) To what is the increase of population? In part, I suppose, to a general increase in prosperity. 3) 既然小李已经向他道歉,他应该怎么做 呢?当然是原谅小李了。
2.1 Repetition
根据表达的需要,重复使用同一语句或词语的 修辞手法叫反复。可以突出感情,分清层次, 增添旋律美,加强节奏感。 April, April, Laugh thy girlish laughter. (W. Watson) 四月呀四月, 笑吧,姑娘般地笑吧。 A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes. 一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注 视着他们。
Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save, From the cradle to the grave, Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood? —Song to the men of England Percy Bysshe Shelly
simile(明喻)
生动形象的Simile (明喻)英语辞格simile (明喻)是一种最简单、最常用的修辞方法,也是运用最为广泛的一种修辞手段。
在文学作品中尤其如此。
明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。
说得通俗点,也就是打比方,即把要描述的事物——本体(A)用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体(B)联系起来。
常用的比喻词有as(如),like(像),seem(似乎),as if(好像),as though(好像),such as(像……一样)等。
其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as…as B”。
Simile在英语中应用得很广泛,用以状物、写景、抒情、喻理,可收到生动形象、简单明了、新鲜有趣的修辞效果。
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (Book 1, Unit 3)支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落在地板上。
一位孤苦伶仃的老人在生日那天,满心欢喜地期待她的女儿来给她祝寿,至少给她寄一份生日礼物,最终等到的却是一张冷冰冰的支票。
此句形象地描述了老人收到支票后的心情——她多么失望,就让那张令她伤心的支票随它去吧!这个明喻的比喻词是like。
Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit we cannot flower and grow without it. (Book 2, Unit 10)对于人的精神来说,赞扬就像阳光一样:没有它我们便不能开花生长。
作者借助明喻形象地说明了赞扬的作用,赞扬对于人的精神如阳光对于生命一样重要,对于我们来说是不可或缺的。
此句的比喻词也是like。
英语中有许多谚语包含着美妙的明喻,闪烁着语言艺术的光彩。
这些谚语多数以like和as作比喻词。
例如:Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.有天资而无学识,好比树木不结果实。
英语修辞赏析
英语修辞赏析英语中的修辞决非“文学语言”之专利,它已渗透到各种体裁,各类文体。
即使是在Internet上,我们每日也能欣赏到五光十色、美不胜收的英语修辞。
如:1. U.S. stocks decline; global markets churn(平行结构)2. Hurricane Bonnie hammers Carolina coast(比喻)等。
再以科技英语为例,原本一本正经、味同嚼蜡的中科技英语也经常闪现修辞的光彩,如:Electric power becomes the servant of man only after the motor was invented.(只是在电动机发明之后,电力才开始造福人类。
)再如:Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.(合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质。
)英语广告对于修辞的运用更是“穷凶极恶”。
如:What is your choice when inflation is slowly eroding the value of your nest eggs? (这是一家投资公司的广告,它把你平日的积蓄比作nest eggs,比喻独到,形象鲜活。
)再如:Wash the big city right out of your hair. (广告里的big city即刻让人意识到the dirt of the big city,生动形象。
)英语的修辞可以分为消极修辞和积极修辞两大类。
一、消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques)它主要指那些没有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧,它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切,只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故,对之做了一些调整。
举一种情况进行说明:为了增加文采,强化文章的表现力,常常避免重复使用同一个词汇,而另选他词。
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他清清楚楚地看见一条丁字街,横在他 眼前。 He saw distinctly the cross-road ahead of him. After that long talk, Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后,吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
权曰:“今听臣言,则西蜀有泰山之安, 不听臣言,则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”
With this faith we will be able to hoe out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. 抱有这个信念,我们就能从绝望之山凿出希望 之石。抱有这个信念,我们就能把我们这个民 族中那些刺耳的噪音变成一部歌颂手足之情的 美妙交响曲。
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻(figure of speech)
比喻无处不在,为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素:本体(tenor),喻体 (vehicle),比喻词(comparative word)及相似点(point of resemblance)。这里主要谈谈明喻 (simile)和暗喻(metaphor)的翻译。
The enemy‟s Achilles‟ heel was his harbour defense. 敌人的致命处在于其海港防御。
更多实例分析: 月光如流水一般,静静地泻在这一片叶子和花 上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。叶子和花仿佛 在牛乳中洗过一样;又像笼着轻纱的梦。 Like flowing streams, moonlight rushes down, silently clothing every leaf and flower. The lotus pond is cloaked in light mist. (Mist floats above the lotus pond.)The leaves and flowers are somewhat white now as though they had been bathed in milk. One will feel he is in a dream covered with thin gauze.
她们一窝蜂地挤拢来,每人盛一碗,就 四散地蹲伏或者站立在路上和门口吃。 (夏衍《包身工》) They crowded strenuously around like a swarm of bees, each ladling out a bowl of meagre porridge, and then scattered, having their meal by crouching or standing at the pathway or the doorway.Biblioteka
Hold fast to dreams, For if dreams die, Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. (Langston Hughes) 紧紧抓住梦想吧, 如果梦想死亡, 生命就像鸟儿折了翅膀, 再也不能飞翔。
后曰:“旦夕如坐针毡,似此为人,不 如早亡!妾看宦官中之忠义可托者,莫 如穆顺,当令寄此书。” “Day and night we sit on pins,” the Empress continued. “I prefer death to a life like this. Among our eunuchs Mu Shun is loyal and true. He could deliver the letter.”
曹操下令军中曰:“今刘备釜中之鱼, 阱中之虎;若不就此时擒捉,如放鱼入 海,纵虎归山矣。众将可努力向前。” Cao Cao instructed his men: “Liu Bei‟s a fish in our pot, a tiger in our trap. If we don‟t take him, here and now, we‟ll be letting the fish back into the sea, setting the tiger free in the hills. Press forward and spare no effort.”
张飞听了,瞋目大叱曰:“我哥哥是金枝 玉叶,你是何等人,敢称我哥哥为贤弟! 你来!我和你斗三百合!” The moment Zhang Fei heard this, his eyes widened and he shouted, “Our brother is a prince of the blood, a jade leaf on the golden branch. Who are you to call him „young brother‟? Come out now and fight three hundred rounds with me. ”
《三国演义》中的一些例子: 玄德就马上执庶之手曰:“先生此去,天 各一方,未知相会却在何日!”说罢,泪 如雨下。 Xuande took Shan Fu‟s hand. “Now we part,” Xuande said, “to go to different worlds. Who knows when we may meet again?” Xuande‟s tears fell like rain. (Moss Roberts)
She has a photographic memory for detail. 她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。 (把her memory比作camera,但喻体 camera没有出现。)
汉语暗喻大致也有三种,1.判断结构“甲是 乙”;2.本体和喻体同时出现,但无判断词; 3.状语加中心词(偏正式的结构) 薛蟠也假说来上学,不过是“三天打渔,两天 晒网”……也不曾有一点儿进益。(《红楼 梦》) Xue Pan had hastened to register himself as a pupil. His school-going was, needless to say, a pretence – “One day to fish and two days to dry the net” as they say – and had nothing to do with the advancement of learning. (杨宪益,戴乃迭)
英汉语明喻标记比较明显,一般需出现比喻词, 汉语如像、如、仿佛、似等,英语如like,as, as if/though等。 英语的隐喻大致分三类:1.A is B;2.N1 of N2; 3.只出现本体。 All the world‟s a stage, and all men and women merely players. 整个世界是座舞台,男男女女,演员而已。
Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. (William B. Yeats) 教育不是注满一桶水,而是点燃一把火。
“难道这也是个痴丫头,也像颦儿来葬花不成?” 因又暗自笑道:“若真是葬花,可谓‘东施效 颦’了,不但不为新奇,而且更为可厌。” (《红楼梦》) “Can this be another absurd maid coming to bury flowers like Daiyu?”he wondered in some amusement. “If so, she‟s Tun Shih imitating His Shih, which is not original but rather tiresome.” (Note: His Shih was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdom of Yue. Tung Shih was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her ways.)
把这个赵寡妇在屏风后急得像热锅上的 蚂蚁一样。 All this made Zhao the widow behind the screen as frantic as an ant on a hot furnace. Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose. 婚姻是一本书,第一章以诗写成,其余 各章则以散文写成。
潭西南而望,斗折蛇行,明灭可见。 (柳宗元《小石潭记》) Viewed from the southwest, the pond sometimes zigzags like the shining Big Dipper and sometimes winds gloomily like a long creeping snake.