美国科学技术发展史复习题
1.为什么说约翰霍普金斯大学的建立标志了美国大学的转型？
因为美国在约翰霍普金斯大学成立之前建立的大学，除了西点军校和伦塞勒综合技术学校外，其他学校大多数都具有教会背景，主要是仿照英国模式，以培养绅士和牧师为目标。随着美国社会经济的快速发展，它们根本无法满足工业化发展的需求。
此时以德国近代大学为蓝本的约翰霍普金斯大学应运而生，她抛弃美式学院的陈规旧制，致力于打造一所专注于扩展知识、研究生教育和鼓励研究风气的新式研究型大学。她倡导以先进科学为指导的实用技术的教学和研究。她创办研究生教育，设置和引入高水平研究生课程、提倡和鼓励教师搞科研。其理念和模式对后来的美国大学产生了巨大的影响。
在她的带动下，包括诸如哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、哥伦比亚大学等一批老式学校纷纷效仿、使得科学技术在大学教育体系内的比例大大提高，从而是美国的大学逐渐改造成真正意义上的现代大学。
所以说约翰霍普金斯大学的建立标志了美国大学的转型。
2.富兰克林的主要科学贡献是什么？
在电学方面：
他用实验证明莱顿瓶内外金属箔所带电荷数量相等，电性相反。提出了“正电”和“负电”概念，以及同性相斥，异性相吸的性质，为库伦定量地测定电荷之间的作用力打下了基础；
他认为摩擦起电只是使电火转移而不是创生，这个思想后来发展为电学中的基本定律之即电荷守恒定律；
他证明了人工电和自然雷电的同一性，使人类从对雷电的冥思苦想和畏惧中解放出来；
他最早提出了电流的理论，认为电会沿着导体从正极流动到负极。
他创造的许多专业词汇直到今天我们还在使用，如正电、负电、电池等等。
他发明了避雷针，这是他广泛实验后的成果。的发明不仅可以防止闪电所招致的严重危害，同时也破除了迷信，揭示了自然力的真实性质；
在数学方面：他创造了八次和十六次幻方，这两种幻方性质特殊，变化复杂，至今尚为学者称道；
在热学中：他改良了取暖的炉子，可以节省四分之三燃料，被称为“富兰克林炉”；他和的哈特莱共同利用醚的蒸发得到零下二十五度（摄氏）的低温，创造了蒸发致冷的理论。
在光学方面：他发明了老年人用的双焦距眼镜，戴上这种眼镜既可以看清近处的东西，也可看清远处的东西。
他对于气象、地资、海洋、航行、声学、潮汐、日中黑斑以及经、人口、语言等方面的个别题都有过研究。
十八世纪的美洲，科学文化远远落后于欧洲大陆，富兰克林在科学上所做的这些具体研究工作和他在当时发起创办的若干文化及教育机构，例如美国哲学学会、宾夕法尼亚大学等等，都可以看作他对美洲科技文化撒下的良好的种子。
3.为什么说惠特尼是美国现代工业之父？
美国作为这个最早出现现代化工厂的国家，为此贡献了两个最重要的理念：“可替换零件”和“标准化生产”。而伊莱·惠特尼是第一个提出这两个理念并在他工厂中实现的人。
几乎所有有关美国历史的著作都会提惠特尼发明的轧棉机，以及轧棉机在美国南方及社会经济发展中的巨大作用。但从更广的意义上说，惠特尼对美国工业乃至现代发展更重要的贡献不在于他设计的某一工具或机器，而是他提出并大胆尝试了一种全新理念，将产品或机器分解成独立的部分，按照相同的标准将各个部件分别制作并组装成完整的机器。他是第一个成功地将可替换部件的思想演绎成一种生产方式。
他的标准化生产对美国制造业和现代工业发展有着重要的影响。诚然，他只是将他的可
替换部件的理念用于滑膛枪的枪机，而不是整枝枪的生产，他也没有将这种方法运用到其他工业制品。然而他的生产理念满足了美国建国初期劳动力严重缺乏、工业急需大发展的严峻形势。新的思想闸门一旦打开，产生的效果总是难以估计的。他开辟了美国工业生产的新时代，而他的同时代人成功地将这种思想推广到其他制造领域并取得了巨大成就。后人在他们的基础上前进，进一步发明制造了大量实用的新机器。至19世纪60年代，美国制造业主己经用机器取代了手工，将原材料加工制造成各种形状产品的各个基本生产环节，至1900年，美国人“到达了技术世界的希望之乡”
所以说惠特尼是美国现代工业之父
4.美国修筑伊利运河有什么意义？
在修建伊利运河前，美国还没有受过训练的工程人员，通过修建伊利运河，锻炼出了一支具有扎实工程技术的队伍及工程师，为以后的运河工程奠定了基础。
伊利运河被认为是美国工程史上的一个奇迹，被认为是美国人早期利用和改造自然的典范作品，被认为是美国人民智慧的结晶，这些都极大的鼓舞了美国人民，增强了美国人民的自豪感,它开启了美国的民族精神—乐观、自豪的共和制度，已经变成美国进步的标.
伊利运河使得纽约因此而发迹，成为美国的大都会，世界的商业金融中心，对此虽然太平洋铁路有重大贡献，但无论如何也抹杀不了伊利运河的功绩。
伊利运河的成功极大地鼓舞了其他各州开挖自己的运河，这些运河与天然河流结合起来，把大西洋、大湖区、密西西比河及其支流连成一个巨大的水路网，在一段时间内，给美国带来了巨大的繁荣。
通过这条东西向的水运系统，方便了美国西部与东部之间的交流，促进了美国西部大开发运动，增强了纽约与中部地区的联系，刺激了美国的经济繁荣。
由于伊利运河修建，促进了纽约市工商业的繁荣，使巴尔的摩市的贸易和工业基础受到损害，但却坚定了巴尔的摩商人开辟新道路的决心，在客观上推动了巴尔的摩到俄亥俄州的铁路的建设。
伊利运河为投资者带来了巨大投资回报，造就第一次大牛市。
经济上的繁荣在某种程度上也巩固了联邦政府的地位和对西部的控制权。
5.美国修筑横贯北美大陆的铁路有什么意义？
美国东部到西部加利福尼亚州之间距离超过4500公里，在1869年美国中央太平洋铁路修通之前，美国东西部被崇山峻岭，浩瀚沙漠阻碍，没有一条便利的交通线路。巴拿马运河也没有开通，美国人从纽约到旧金山需要乘船绕行南美洲合恩角，最短的时间也要六个月。
西部广阔、肥沃的土地等着更多的人前去开垦、耕种，大大小小的金矿银矿也缺人开采，而东部反过来又为西部的各种自然资源提供了加工地和市场。但美国当时没有一条贯通东西的交通运输线路，东部人要冒着巨大的生命以及财产危险才能到西部去，同时，加州的物产也很难运到东部来。
地理和交通的原因使得西部成了美国相对独立的地区，不仅经济发展受到影响，也成为国家稳定统一的隐患。在中央太平洋铁路建成以前，美国东部已经有了非常密集的铁路交通网，但在密西西比河以西几乎是一片空白。
该铁路的建设极大地促进了西部社会经济的发展，不仅使美国大陆在经济运行上开始连成一体，推动美国成为联结太平洋和大西洋的经济大国，而且使美国从一个只在名义上统一，实际处于地域分割状态的国家，变成了一个真正完全统一的国家。
6.曼哈顿工程及其意义
曼哈顿工程：曼哈顿计划(Manhattan Project)是期间，由美国领头，有英国、参与的一项研究核武器的绝密计划。在1942到1946年间，该计划由美国陆军工程兵团的莱斯利·格罗夫少将领导，其负责人为美国；整个计划的经费是20亿美元，其最终目标是赶在战争结
美国文学史及选读试卷 (1)
美国文学史及选读试卷 Ⅰ.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (60points in all, 2 for each) 1. Which of following can be said of the common features which are shared by the English and American Romanticists ? A. An increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions. B. An increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. An increasing emphasis on the desire to return to nature. D. both A and B. 2. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOT true? （） A. In most of the American writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. B. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. There was a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man. D. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and nationality. 3.______ is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the American Romanticism in the history of American literature. A. New England Transcendentalism B. England Transcendentalism C. the Harlem Renaissance D. New Transcendentalism 4.Hawthorn e’s unique gift was for the creation of ______ which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. A. symbolic stories B. romantic stories
美国文学模拟试题四
云南师范大学美国文学期末考试试卷模拟试题四 学院:外语学院专业:英语年级：________ 班次: 学号：姓名： 考试方式(闭卷)：考试时量：150 分钟试卷编号( 卷) I. ( ) 1. Modern poetry is “the poem of the mind in the act of finding / What will suffice.” This is the opinion of Walt Whitman. ( ) 2. Robert Frost experimented with form, as many poets did in the 1920s. ( ) 3. Emperor Jones represents one of O’Neil’s attempts to place plot elements and themes of Greek tragedy in a rural New England setting. ( ) 4. “Looking for Mr. Green” is a story of Mosby’s Memories and other Stories. ( ) 5. Bellow will be remembered for the biting social criticism of his novels, and of course, for his riotous sense of humor. ( ) 6. Hester’s letter “A” eventually come s to represent “Angel” and “Able” to the townspeople. ( ) 7. Poe stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty,” and declares that “music is the perfection of the soul, or idea, of poetry.” ( ) 8.All three parts of Franklin's autobiography were published and released together in English for the first time in 1868. ( ) 9. New England Transcendentalism was important to American literature. It inspired a whole new generation of famous authors such as Thoreau, Melville, Whitman, and Dickinson. ( ) 10. The setting of “Looking for Mr. Green” is Depression Columbus. ( ) 11. There are four survivors in The Open Boat: the captain, the oiler, the cook and the correspondent. ( ) 12. In The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, Porter narrated the story sometimes in chronological order and sometimes in flashback, and the chronological time is more important than the psychological time. ( ) 13. Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is set in The Roaring Twenties. ( ) 14. William Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1949 and the Pulitzer Prize in 1954 and 1962. ( ) 15. The point of view in Barn Burning is the third person narration and the narrator is omniscient.
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”. 5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.In Washington I rving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his William Cullen Bryant’s wok. is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”. 10.Emerson believed above all in
美国文学试题(2)
美国文学（本科）试题5 I. Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 1 point for each) 1. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in . 2. became the first American writer. 3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the values that dominated much of the early American writing. 4. In American literature, the 18th century was an age of and Revolution. 5. Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece . 6. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet appeared. 7. The signing of symbolized the birth of an independent American nation. 8. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was . 9. Washington Irving’s became the first work by an American writer to win international fame. 10. is the summit of American Romanticism. 11. With the publication of Emerson’s in 1836,American Romanticism reached its summit. 12. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel . 13.Henry James’ major fictional theme is . 14. brought the Romantic period to an end. So the age of Realism came into existence. 15. The Poetic style invented by Whitman is now called . 16. “Because I could not stop for Death---” is written by . 17. The term The Gilded Age is given by to describe the post-civil war years. 18. Theodore Dreiser’s first novel is . 19. The leader of the literary movement Imagism is . 20. is the spokesman for Lost Generation. II. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers or completions. Choose the one that is the best in each case and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 1 point for each) 1. The first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity was . A. Bret Harte B. Mark Twain C. Henry James D. William Dean Howells 2. Which of the following is the masterpiece of Mark Twain? A. The Gilded Age B. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer C. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn D. Jumping Frog 3. Which writer has no naturalist tendency? A. Mark Twain B. Jack London C. Theodore Dreiser D. Frank Norris 4. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in and Thoreau. A. Jefferson B. Emerson C. Freneau D. Oversoul 5. Which of the following doesn’t belong to Dreiser’s “Trilogy of Desire”? A. The Financier B. The Titan C. The Stoic D. An American Tragedy
美国文学作家以及作品总汇
美国文学部分(American Literature) 一．独立革命前后的文学（The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．殖民地时期的文学的特点 2)．主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 2．独立革命前后时期的主要作家 本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草―独立宣言。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography 托马斯·潘恩Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《税务员问题》The Case of the Officers of Excise 《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason 菲利普·弗伦诺Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的―革命诗人‖。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》―The Rising Glory of America‖
《英国囚船》―The British Prison Ship‖ 《纪念美国勇士》同类诗中最佳―To the Memory of the Brave Americans‖ 《野生的金银花》―The Wild Honeysuckle‖ 《印第安人殡葬地》―The Indian Burying Ground‖ 1二．美国浪漫主义文学（American Romanticism） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 2)．主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3)．清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文，美国著名小说家，被称为―美国文学之父‖.《瑞普·凡·温可尔》Rip Van Winkle 《纽约外史》A History of New York 《见闻札记》The Sketch Book 《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀开创了以《皮裹腿故事集》为代表的边疆传奇小说，其中最为重要的一部是《最后的莫西干人》。 《皮裹腿故事集》Leatherstocking Tales 《间谍》The Spy 《领航者》The Pilot
华师自考美国文学史及选读试题
美国文学史及选读试题 I. Multiple Choice 10’ 1. Who is different from others according to the division of writing period? A. Washington Irving B.William Cullen Bryant C. Captain John Smith D. James Fenimore Cooper 2. The American Romantic Period lasted roughly from ____ to ____. A. 1798-1832 B. 1810-1860 C. 1860-1864 D. 1776-1783 3. How many syllables are there in this first line of Raven? (“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,”) A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 16 4. What dominated the Puritan phase of American writing? A. theology B. literature C. esthetics D. revolution 5. At the initial period of the spread of ideas of the Enlightenment was largely due to ____. A. typography B. journalism C. revolution D. the development of paper-making industry 6. Who has been called the “Father of American Literature”? A. Walt Scott B. Geoffrey Chaucer
美国文学期末考试考试卷模拟精彩试题
美国文学期末考试试卷模拟试题一 I. Fill in the following blanks and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%, 1 point for each) 1.The publication of ______ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. 2.Hard work, thrift, ______ and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3.At 87, ______ read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy. 4.Jack London’s masterwork _________ is somewhat autobi ographical. 5.______, the tragic hero of Moby Dick, burning with a baleful fire, becomes evil himself in his thirst to destroy evil. 6.Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the “________” movement. 7.“The Custom House” is an introductory note to the novel _______. 8.Among the works attacking the “American Dream”, __________by Fitzgerald is a powerful piece. 9.Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of ________, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. 10.In 1954, _______ won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”. 11.In American literary history, ________ is called “the Recluse of Amherst” since she isolated herself from the outside almost for life. 12.“The Fall of the House of Usher” is a short story written by _______. 13._______ launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure and the frontier saga, represented by The Leatherstocking Tales. 14.The publication of T. S. Eliot’s ________ in 1922, the most significant American poem of the 20th century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought. 15.“The Cop and the Anthem” is a short story written by ______. II. Each of the following statements is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. Then put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 1 point for each) 1.For Melville, as well as for the reader and _____, the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimately mystery of the universe. A. Stubb B. Ishmael C. Ahab D. Starbuck 2.Most of the p oems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-mass” and the ____ as well. A. nature B. self-reliance C. self D. life 3.Which of the following is Not one of the main ideas advocated by Ralph Emerson? A. Importance of the Individual B. Faith in Christianity C. The Over-Soul D. Self-Reliance 4.In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as _____. A. saviors B. villains C. commentators D. observers 5.In American literature, escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common subject. The following titles are all related, in one way or another, to the subject except _____. A.Dreiser’s Sister Carrier B.Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn C.Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales D.Thoreau’s Walden 6.Which of the following is Not optimistic about human nature? . A. Ralph Emerson B. Walt Whitman C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Henry Thoreau
美国文学史作品作家汇总 全
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.C aptain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.T he puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.T homas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”.
5.T homas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.I n Washington Irving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.
8.C ooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels that comprise the is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant’s wok. “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”.
美国文学史及选读考试整理
Washington Irving Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄 (1822) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Tales of a Traveller 旅客谈 (1824) Christopher Columbus (1828) c. writing characteristics (1) humorous: the function of his writing is to amuse, to entertain instead of teaching or instruction (2) vivid and true character portrayal (3) finished (refined) and musical language, thus regarded as “the Amn. Goldsmith ” d. analysis on The Legend of Sleepy Hollow(选自the sketch book 见闻札记 ) 1. the story:setting,character, plot 2. theme:conflicts and praise conflict betw. Ichabod and Brom conflict betw. the village and the outside world James Fenimore Cooper The Spy (1821): a historical novel The Pilot (1824): a sea novel Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集(1823-1841): frontier novels The Last Mohicans (1826) (Colonial War betw. Britain and France) e. writing features: strong points: we can see a variety of incidents and tensions, complicated plot and structure and a beautiful description of nature. Weak points: characterization is weak. There is unsatisfactory description of characters (esp. female). He is not free from syntactical awkwardness, heavy-handed attempt at humor. “Where Irving excels Cooper is weak.” Dialect is not authentic. Edgar Allan Poe The Fall of the House Usher Feature: i. brevity (15 pages) ii. Single effect iii. originality in theme To Helen It was inspired by the beauty of the mother of a schoolmate of Poe in Richmond, Virginia. The poem is famous for a number of things: 1. its rhyme scheme: ababb 2. its varied line lengths 3. its metaphor of a travel on the sea 4. its oft-quoted lines: "To the glory that was Greece,/And the grandeur that was Rome." theme: praise the ideal love and beauty and ancient Greek and Roman civilizations The Raven 乌鸦 theme: the lament over the death of a beautiful woman tone: melancholy Transcendentalism (essayists, poets, novelists) Their journal is “The Dial ” . Definition: Transcendentalism is idealism. (Emerson) b. features (1) stress on Oversoul, that is spirit. (2) stress the importance of individual. (3) fresh conception of nature. c. significance (1) inspired a whole generation of writers such as Whitman, Melville and Dickinson. (2) dresses man ’s subjective initiative as opposed to materialism. (3) liberated people from Calvin ’s original sin d. limitation (1) shallow: cut off from real life or reality; initiated by the rich, they were limited in a certain circle. So, in some degree, they have been cut off from social life and can ’t understand the sufferings of the common people. (2) inward contradiction: gain knowledge by intuition, shows its idealistic aspect. R.W. Emerson (Ralph Waldo) Nature (1836): the Bible of New England transcendentalism The American Scholar (1837): "America's Declaration of Intellectual The Divinity School Address 神学院致辞 (1838) Essays (1841/1847) Representative Men (1850) English Traits (1856)
美国文学选读试题
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards