注会综合··【012】第五单元(1)

Unit 5 Financial Reporting Standards The first part 1.Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.2 - Long-term Equity Investments 2.Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.20 - Business Combinations 3.Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 33 - Consolidated Financial Statement 一、Key terms Initial measurement 初始计量 Subsequent measurement 后续计量 Consideration 对价 capital reserve （additional paid-in capital ） 资本公积 retained earning 留存收益 merger and acquisition 并购（兼并和收购） Business combination under the same control 同一控制下的企业合并 Combining party 合并方 Combined party 被合并方 Combining date 合并日 Business combination under the different control 非同一控制下的企业合并 Acquirer 购买方 Acquiree 被购买方 Acquisition date 购买日 cost method 成本法 equity method 权益法 acquisition method 购买法 control 控制 joint control 共同控制 significant influence 重大影响 subsidiary 子公司 associate 联营企业 joint venture 合营企业 step acquisition 多次收购达到控制 non-controlling interest 非控制权益/少数股东权益 goodwill 商誉 negative goodwill 负商誉 adjusting entries 调整分录 eliminate inter-company items 抵消公司间往来项目 二、Reading materials 1.The initial cost (初始成本) of the long-term equity investment （长期股权投资）formed in the business combination （企业合并）shall be ascertained in accordance with the following provisions: （1）Business combinations are classified into the business combinations under the same control and the business combinations under the different control. 企业合并分为同一控制下的企业合并和非同一控制下的企业合并。 （2）For the business combinations under the same control, if the consideration of the combining enterprise is that it makes payment in cash, transfers non-cash assets or bear its debts, it shall, on the combining date, regard the share of the book value of the owner's equity of the combined enterprise as the initial cost of the long-term equity investment. The difference between the initial cost of the long-term equity investment and the payment in cash, non-cash assets transferred as well as the book value of the debts borne by the combining party shall offset against the capital reserve（additional paid-in capital ）. If the capital reserve is insufficient to dilute, the retained earnings shall be adjusted. 同一控制下的企业合并，合并方以支付现金、转让非现金资产或承担债务方式作为合并对价的，应当在合并日按照取得被合并方所有者权益账面价值的份额作为长期股权投资的初始投资成本。长期股权投资初始投资成本与支付的现金、转让的非现金资产以及所承担债务账面价值之间的差额，应当调整资本公积(资本溢价或股本溢价)；资本公积(资本溢价或股本溢价)不足冲减的，调整留存收益。 （3）If the consideration of the combining enterprise is that it issues equity securities, it shall, on the combining date, regard the share of the book value of the owner's equity of the combined enterprise as the initial cost of the long-term equity investment. The total face value of the stocks issued shall be regarded as the capital stock, while the difference between the initial cost of the long-term equity investment and total face value of the shares issued shall offset against the capital reserve. If the capital reserve is insufficient to dilute, the retained earnings shall be adjusted. 合并方以发行权益性证券作为合并对价的，应当在合并日按照取得被合并方所有者权益账面价值的份额作为长期股权投资的初始投资成本。按照发行股份的面值总额作为股本，长期股权投资初始投资成本与所发行股份面值总额之间的差额，应当调整资本公积(资本溢价或股本溢价)；资本公积(资本溢价或股本溢价)不足冲减的，调整留存收益。 （4）For the business combinations under the different control, the combination costs shall be the fair values, on the acquisition date, of the assets paid, the liabilities incurred or assumed and the equity securities issued by the acquirer in exchange for the control on the acquiree. 非同一控制下的企业合并中，购买方应对按照确定的企业合并成本作为长期股权投资的初始投资成本。企业合并成本包括购买方付出的资产、发生或承担的负债、发行的权益性证券的公允价值。 （5）The direct cost for the business combination shall, including the expenses for audit, assessment and legal services, be recorded into the profits and losses at the current period. 为企业合并发生的各项直接相关费用计入当期损益。 2.Under the cost method, the dividends or profits declared to distribute by the invested entity shall be recognized as the current investment income. 采用成本法核算的长期股权投资，投资企业应当按照享有被投资单位宣告发放的现金股利或利润确认投资收益。 3.Under the equity method, If the initial cost of a long-term equity investment is more than the investing enterprise' attributable share of the fair value of the invested entity's identifiable net assets for the investment, the initial cost of the long-term equity investment may not be adjusted. If the initial cost of a long term equity investment is less than the investing enterprise' attributable share of the fair value of the invested entity's identifiable net assets for the investment, the difference shall be included in the current profits and losses and the cost of the long-term equity investment shall be adjusted simultaneously. 在权益法下，长期股权投资的初始投资成本大于投资时应享有被投资单位可辨认净资产公允价值份额的，不调整长期股权投资的初始投资成本；长期股权投资的初始投资成本小于投资时应享有被投资单位可辨认净资产公允价值份额的，应按其差额，借记“长期股权投资”科目，贷记“营业外收入”科目。 4.After an investing enterprise obtains a long-term equity investment, it shall, in accordance with the attributable share of the net profits or losses of the invested entity, recognize the investment profits or losses and adjust the book value of the long-term equity investment. The investing enterprise shall, in the light of the profits or cash dividends declared to distribute by the invested entity, calculate the proportion it shall obtain, and shall reduce the book value of the long-term equity investment correspondingly. 投资企业取得长期股权投资后，应当按照应享有或应分担的被投资单位实现的净损益份额，确认投资损益并调整长期股权投资的账面价值。投资企业按照被投资单位宣告分派的利润或现金股利计算应分得的股利或利润，相应减少长期股权投资的账面价值。 5.When ascertaining whether or not it is able to control an invested entity, an enterprise shall take into consideration the invested enterprises' current convertible corporate bonds and current executable warrants held by the investing enterprise and other parties, as well as other potential factors concerning the voting rights. 在确定能否控制被投资单位时，应当考虑企业和其他企业持有的被投资单位的当期可转换公司债券、当期可执行的认股权证等潜在表决权因素。 6.If Parent company has enough voting power to appoint all the directors of the subsidiary company. P is, in effect, able to manage S as if it were merely a department of P, rather than a separate entity. In strict legal terms P and S remain distinct, but in economic substance they can be regarded as a single unit (a 'group'). 如果母公司有足够的投票权来任命子公司所有的董事，那么母公司事实上能够管理子公司，就如同子公司不是一个独立的实体而是母公司的一个部门。从严格的法律形式上看，母公司和子公司是不同的法律主体，但从经济实质来看，母子公司可以看作一个主体（即集团）。 7.To reflect the true economic substance of a group of companies we need to produce group accounts in addition to the individual accounts prepared for each company within the group. One of the main methods of doing this is to prepare 'consolidated' accounts. Consolidated accounts present the group as though it were a 'single economic entity'.