Glossary名词翻译
FINANCIAL REPORT--NOTES GLOSSARY 财务报告批注中的名词汇总翻译

Relief from royalty method: assumes that if a business did not own the identifiablebrandname under consideration it would have to pay a royalty to the owners of the brandname for its use. The calculation is prepared on a discounted cash flow analysis of the future royalty stream which is based on financial budgets covering a one year period.Royalty:特许权使用费交纳的税金借:其他应收款-代扣代交税款贷:银行存款支付的技术使用费(需扣下代交的税款)借:预付帐款贷:银行存款收到技术使用费发票后借:管理费用贷:预付帐款其他应收款-代扣代交税款Written-off:核销/已报废的/注销Provision:计提Provision for Inventory impairment存货跌价准备;备货贬价筹办provision for asset impairment资产减值准备Provision for impairment of inventories存货跌价准备provision for fixed asset impairment固定资产减值准备;固定资产减值筹办provision for fixed property impairment固定资产减值准备impairment of:使用寿命有限的无形资产的减损Impairment Loss of Assets资产减值损失Impairment Provision of Bad Debts坏账准备impairment of value价值减损impairment of the kidney伤肾impairment of visual acuity视力减退percent impairment of hearing听觉损害率impairment of hearing听力损伤Impairment of Asset所谓资产减值;财产减值准备impairment of benefit利益损害3. Operating profit营业费用(a) ExpensesMaterials and consumables used:消耗原材料Employee costs:应付职工薪酬Rental expenses relating to operating leases:租金Amortisation of other intangibles:其他无形资产摊销Depreciation/other amortisation:折旧/其他摊销Impairment of goodwill:商誉减损Advertising and promotional:广告费Repairs and maintenance:修理费Cartage and freight:运输费Restructure costs :调整费用Time value in option hedging contracts:时间价值(期权/对冲合约)Other expensesTotal expenses(b) Profit before income tax expense includes the following net expenses and gains:ExpensesDepreciation/amortisation:PropertyPlant and equipmentLeasehold improvements租赁资产Amortisation:Other intangiblesTotal depreciation and amortisationRental expenses relating to operating leases:Minimum lease payments 9,045 9,388Contingent rentals 167 200Total rental expenses relating to operating leasesOther charges (credits) against assets:Bad and doubtful debts – trade debtors:坏账/可疑负债Provision for stock obsolescenceTotal other charges (credits) against assets4. RevenueRevenue from operating activities:营业收入Sales revenue:销售收入Other revenue:Interest received/receivable:利息收入Royalties:特许权使用费Total revenue5. Other incomeNet gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment:固定资产清理Waste recoveries:废品销售Commissions:佣金/手续费Sundry:杂项6. Income tax(a) Income tax expenseCurrent taxDeferred tax(Over)/under provision in prior years7. DividendsOrdinaryDividends not recognised at year endFranked dividends免税红利8. Auditors’ remuneration(During the year the following fees were paid or payable for services provided by the auditor of the parent entity)9. Key management personnelKey management personnel compensationShort-term employee benefitsPost-employment benefitsLong-term benefitsShare-based payments10. Current assets – cashCash on hand 库存现金Cash at bank and on deposit (at call)银行存款11. Current assets – receivablesTrade receivables应收账款Provision for impairment减值准备Other receivables/prepaymentsCredit risk(The credit risk relating to trade and other receivables of the Group which have been recognised on the balance sheet is the carrying amount, net of any provision for impairment)12. Current assets – inventoriesRaw materials原材料Work in progress未完工产品Finished goods完工产品Stock in transit在途物资Provision for inventory obsolescence计提存货损毁13. Derivative financial instrumentsCurrent assetsForward foreign exchange contracts – cash flow hedgesForeign currency options – cash flow hedgesCurrent liabilitiesInterest rate contracts – cash flow hedgesForward foreign exchange contracts – cash flow hedgesForeign currency options – cash flow hedgesNon-current liabilitiesInterest rate contracts – cash flow hedges14. Non-current assets – other financial assetsShares in associate15. Non-current assets – property, plant and equipment Freehold land and buildings:自有土地与建筑At cost:按成本记Accumulated depreciation:累计折旧Leasehold improvements:租赁并改良的At costAccumulated amortisationTotal propertyPlant and equipment:At costAccumulated depreciationTotal plant and equipmentTotal property, plant and equipment(a) Reconciliations调节(Reconciliations of the carrying amounts of each class of property, plant and equipment at the beginning and end of thefinancial year are set out below:)(b) Non-current assets pledged as security16. Non-current assets – intangibles非流动无形资产Goodwill:商誉Other intangibles:其他无形资产Accumulated amortisation:累计摊销Brandnames:品牌Estimated growth rates: 估计增长率Post-tax discount rate:税后折现率Pre-tax discount rate equivalent:税前折现率相当Provision for bad debts:计提坏账准备17. Non-current assets – deferred tax assetsThe balance comprises temporary differences attributable to: Amounts recognised in profit or lossTrade receivables impairment:Employee benefits:员工福利Depreciation/amortisation:折旧/摊销Inventory obsolescence:存货损失Claims and returns:Other provisions and accrualsDeferred gain:递延收益Licence fees:Amounts recognised directly in equityTransaction costs arising on share issues:股票交易成本的上升?Cash flow hedges:现金套期保值Total temporary differencesDeferred tax assets to be recovered within 12 months:一年内可回收的递延税资产Deferred tax assets to be recovered after more than 12 months:一年内不可回收的递延税资产18. Current liabilities – payables流动负债-应付账款Trade creditors:应付账款Other creditors:其他应付款19. Current liabilities – borrowings流动负债-借款Bank overdraft :银行透支Bank loans:银行贷款Hire purchase:租赁Secured liabilities担保负债Bank overdraft:银行透支Hire purchase:租赁20. Current liabilities – provisions流动负债-计提Employee entitlements:员工福利(Amounts reflect employees’ entitlement to take accrued annual leave and long service leave during thenext 12 months.)Employee incentives:员工激励(Amounts reflect incentive payments to employees on the basis that certain criteria are fulfilled during the current financial year.)Restructure costs:重组成本(Estimate of unpaid costs at 30 June 2011 in relation to the restructuring of the Group’s Corporate Office.)Claims and returns:索赔和退货(Provision is made for the estimated product related claims and returns by customers of the Consumer Products Division.)Other:其他(Miscellaneous obligations for which there is a probability of an outflow of resources.)21. Non-current liabilities – borrowingsSecured liabilitiesBank loans:银行贷款Hire purchase liabilities:分期付款(的负债)Total secured non-current liabilitiesAssets pledged as security作担保的资产First mortgageFreehold land and buildings:自有土地和建筑物Fixed charg:浮动Property, plant and equipment :厂房和设备Intangibles:无形资产Other financial assets:其他金融资产Hire purchasePlant and equipment under hire purchase:租赁的厂房和设备Floating charg:浮动Deferred tax assets:递延税资产Total non-current assets pledged as securityThe following current assets are also pledged as security: Fixed charge:浮动Receivables:应收账款/票据Floating chargeCash现金Inventories存货Receivables应收账款/票据Derivative financial instruments:金融衍生品Total current assets pledged as securityTotal assets pledged as securit22. Non-current liabilities – provisionsEmployee entitlements员工福利23. Non-current liabilities – deferred tax liabilitiesThe balance comprises temporary differences attributable to: Amounts recognised in profit or lossPrepayments:预付账款Inventories:存货Brandnames:品牌Depreciation:折旧Unrealized foreign exchange gains:为实现的外汇收益Interest:利息Deferred tax liabilities to be settled within 12 monthsDeferred tax liabilities to be settled after more than 12 monthOpening balance期初结余Closing balance期末结余24. Share capitalIssued and paid up capital:Ordinary shares – fully paid/ not full paid(Ordinary shares:普通股entitle the holder to participate in dividends of theCompany in proportion to the number of andamounts paid on the shares held. On a show of hands, every holder of ordinary shares present at a meeting in personor by proxy, is entitled to one vote, and upon a polleach share is entitled to one vote.)Dividend Reinvestment Plan:股利再投资计划Options:期权(Information relating to the ****’s Limited Employee Share/Option Purchase Plan, including details of optionsissued and exercised during the financial year and options outstanding at the end of the financial yearare set out in the Directors’ Report.)25. Reserves and retained profits(a)ReservesHedging reserve – cash flow hedges:避险储备Share-based payments reserve:股份支付储备Foreign currency translation reserve:汇兑储备(b) Retained profitsBalance DD/MMProfit after tax :税后利润Dividends paid :股利支付Transfer from reserves:储备的转移Reserves and retained profits (continued)(c) Nature and purpose of reserves(i) Hedging reserve – cash flow hedgesThe hedging reserve is used to record gains or losses on a hedginginstrument in a cash flow hedge that are recognised in other comprehensive income as described in Note 1(o). Amounts arerecognised in profit and loss when the associated hedged transaction affects profit and loss.(ii) Share-based payments reserveThe share-based payments reserve is used to recognise the fair value of options issued at grant date but not exercised.(iii) Foreign currency translation reserveExchange differences arising on translation of foreign controlled entitiesare taken to the foreign currency translation reserve. The reserve is recognised in profit and loss when the net investment is disposed of.26 Contractual commitments for expenditure(a)Capital commitments(b)Lease commitmentsOperating lease(c)Hire purchase commitments27. Contingent liabilitiesThere are a number of claims pending against the Group including claims relating to product and general liability. The Directors consider these claims to be minor which will not materially affect the results of the Group.The obligations of a controlled entity under an operating lease agreement are partly secured by a bank guarantee. 28. Segment report分部报告Segment revenues(Segment revenues are allocated based on the location in which the revenue originated.)Segment assets(Segment assets are allocated based on where the asset is located. Non-current segment assets exclude deferred tax assets.)Inter-segment transfers(Segment revenues, expenses and results include transfers between segments. Such transfers are priced on an ‘arms-length’ basis and are eliminated on consolidation.)29. Earnings per shareBasic earnings per share基本每股赢利Diluted earnings per share摊薄每股盈利。
gl开头与光有关的单词

gl开头与光有关的单词单词:glare1.1词性:名词、动词1.2释义:作名词时,表示刺眼的强光;作动词时,表示怒目而视。
1.3英文解释:As a noun, it means a strong, dazzling light. As a verb, it means to look angrily or fiercely.1.4相关词汇:glary(形容词,耀眼的);glareless(形容词,不刺眼的)。
---2. 起源与背景2.1词源:源于中古英语的“glaren”,可能与古英语的“glar”(闪耀)有关。
2.2趣闻:在一些小说中,作者常常用“glare”这个词来描写反派人物愤怒地注视主角时的眼神,增强紧张的氛围。
---3. 常用搭配与短语3.1短语:- glare of the sun:太阳的强光例句:The glare of the sun made it hard to see the road.翻译:太阳的强光让人难以看清道路。
- glare at:怒视例句:He glared at me when I took his book without permission.翻译:当我未经允许拿走他的书时,他怒视着我。
---4. 实用片段(1). I was driving west in the afternoon, and the glare of the sun was right in my eyes. It was really dangerous and I had to put on my sunglasses immediately.翻译:我下午开车往西走,太阳的强光直射我的眼睛。
这真的很危险,我不得不马上戴上太阳镜。
(2). When I told him the bad news, he just glared at me as if it was my fault.翻译:当我告诉他这个坏消息时,他只是怒视着我,好像是我的错一样。
Glossary 词汇表

trust 信任,信赖to come to light 显露出来fraud 欺骗the mislabelling 错贴标签to water down 掺水,冲淡to adulterate (在食物中)掺入杂质,掺假a mark up 加价,抬价deception 骗局,欺诈fraudulent 欺诈的to seize 没收a raid 突击搜捕,搜查substandard 不合格的,劣质的fake 假的,冒充的counterfeit 假冒的organic 有机的free range 自由放养的compliance 遵守,服从to make a fast buck (不择手段,弄虚作假)挣快钱,快速致富authentic 真的to claim 声称Glossary 词汇表board games 棋类游戏chess (国际)象棋Go 围棋strategies 策略moves 移动(棋子)noughts and crosses 画圈打叉的连三子棋work out 猜出来,推断出来card games 纸牌游戏actions (下棋)行为less rational 不太理智的game theory 博弈论opponents 对手chaotic 混乱的hard to predict 难预测the stock market 股票市场multi-player game 有众人参与的游戏base (动词)以什么为依据predictions 预测traders 交易人infinitely 极其;永远to sleep rough 露宿(街头)homeless 无家可归的to get back on (their) feet 重新振作起来a tour guide 一名导游off the beaten track 人迹罕见、偏僻的背街小巷isolated 孤立无援的a volunteer 一名志愿者to look down on (someone) 瞧不起、歧视(某人)a reversal of fortune 运势逆转to stand tall 重建信心technical skills 技术技能life skills 生活技能self-confidence 自信心self-esteem 自尊dyslexia 阅读障碍to drift out (由于外因)慢慢地离开、脱离depression 抑郁症alcohol abuse 酗酒an outcast 无家可归的人,被遗弃的人to empower 帮助,给予某人做某事的能力。
CISSP AIO 全套单词表

CERT Computer Emergency Response Team(ISC)2International Information Systems Security Certifications Consortium, Inc. North AmericaCISSP Certified Information Systems Security ProfessionalCBK Common Body of KnowledgeSIG-CS Special Interest Group for Computer SecurityDPMA Data Processing Management AssociationISSA Information Systems Security AssociationCIPS Canadian Information Processing SocietyCSI Computer Security InstituteCPE Continuing Professional EducationFBI Federal Bureau of InvestigationPCCIP President Commission on Critical InfrastructureProtectionPPD President Decision DirectiveCIAO Critical Infrastructure Assurance OfficeISACs Information Sharing and Analysis CentersNIPCMDACs Microsoft Data Access ComponentsCC Common CreteriaTCSEC Truested Computer System Evaluation Criteria US Orange BookITSEC Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria Europe1Aabduction n.诱拐n.诱导abide vi.坚持, 遵守vt.忍受, 容忍abreast adv.并肩地, 并排地abuse n.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂, 陋习, 弊端v.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂accredit v.信任,授权,归于accreditation n.委派,信赖,鉴定合格accrue vi.自然增加, 产生accumulate v.积聚, 堆积acquisition n.获得,获得物acronym n.只取首字母的缩写词actual adj.实际的,真实的,现行的,目前的Ad hoc means when needed andirregularadequate adj.适当的,足够的admissibility n.可容许, 有入场的资格admissible adj.可容许的, 可接纳的aesthetics n.美学, 美术理论, 审美学, 美的哲学affiliate v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员affiliation n.联系, 从属关系aggregation n.集合, 集合体, 聚合algorithm n.[数]运算法则alien n.外侨adj.外国的, 相异的, 不同, 背道而驰align v.排列,结盟alliance n.联盟, 联合allegation n断言;宣称指控allot vt.(按份额)分配, 分派alphabet n.字母表alteration n.变更, 改造alternative adj.交替amateur n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家amplitude n.广阔, 丰富, 振幅, 物理学名词anatomical adj.解剖的, 解剖学的anomaly n.不规则, 异常的人或物anonymity n.匿名, 作者不明(或不详)ante n.<美>(打扑克牌发牌前下的)赌注v.下赌注appraisal n.评估,估价,鉴定appropriate adj.适当的approve v.赞成,满意;批准,通过aqua adj.浅绿色的(glossary)arbitrary adj.任意的, 武断的, 独裁的, 专断的arsenal n.兵工厂, 军械库arson n.纵火, 纵火罪arsonist n.纵火犯人arithmetic n.算术, 算法ascertain v.确定,探知asset n.资产, 有用的东西asymmetric adj.不均匀的, 不对称的asymmetric adj.不均匀的, 不对称的asynchronous adj.不同时的,[电]异步的attenuation n.变薄, 稀薄化, 变细, 衰减attest v.证明attribute n.属性,数据库中包含有某个实体信息的字段(column)auspice n.预兆,前兆authenticity n.确实性, 真实性autonomous adj.自治的avalanche n/v.雪崩avert v.转移awning n. 雨篷,遮阳篷axiom n.[数]公理2Bbadge n.徽章,像章;标志barbed adj.有刺的, 具侧刺毛的, (话语)尖刻的, 尖锐的, 讽刺的ballot n.选举票, 投票, 票数vi.投票barbeque n.(=barbecue)烤肉野餐, 烤肉架v.烤肉,用调料烤(肉)baseline n.[计]基线, 基准bastion n.(可扩大射击范围的)棱堡, 堡垒,阵地工事be doable 可做的, 可行的best-effort 尽全力去做benign adj.(病)良性的, (气候)良好的, 仁慈的, 和蔼的bifurcation n.分歧biometrics n.生物测定学blackmail n.勒索, 勒索所得之款vt.勒索blackout n.灯火管制, (暂时的)眩晕, 中断blueprint n.蓝图, 设计图, 计划vt.制成蓝图, 计划bogus adj.<美>假的, 伪造的boilerplate n.样板文件booklet n.小册子brag n.v.吹牛brainiac 高智商的人breach n.违背, 破坏, 破裂, 裂口vt.打破,突破bribery n.行贿, 受贿, 贿赂briefing n.简报bright blue (Guide for vendorona brochure n.小册子brown adj.褐色的, 棕色的(FacilityManagement)brownout 部分灯火管制由于电力不足、发电机出故障或用户用电过度而减少电力供应或停止供电brunt n.冲击, 冲势bubble n.泡沫, 幻想的计划vi.起泡, 潺潺的流buddy n.<美口>密友, 伙伴bulletproof adj.防弹的burglar n.夜贼burnt-out adj.(=burned-out)竭尽的, 因过度使用而损坏的bust n.半身像, 胸像, (妇女的)胸部- 3 -Cconsensus n.一致同意,舆论consent vi.同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成,允诺concerted adj.商议定的, 协定的, [乐]协调的consortia n.协会,公会,银行团constraint n.约束,强制,局促contaminant n.致污物,污染物contention n.争夺, 争论, 争辩, 论点contingency n.偶然,可能性;意外事故contingency n.偶然, 可能性, 意外事故, 可能发生的附带事件contradict vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的convince 使相信; 使明白coolant n.冷冻剂, 冷却液, 散热剂cop n.警官, 巡警, [纺]管纱vt.抓住cornea n.[医]角膜corona n.冠壮物,王冠, 光环corroboration n.使确实, 确证的事实, 确证确认用其他证据来增强或支持;使更确定corrosion n.侵蚀, 腐蚀状态corrupt adj.腐败的, 贪污的, 被破坏的,混浊的, (语法)误用的vt.使腐烂, 腐蚀, 使恶化vi.腐烂, 堕落cost of qualitycountermeasure n.对策, 反措施coup n.砰然而有效的一击, 妙计, 出乎意料的行动, 政变coupling n.联结, 接合, 耦合cram v.填满creed n.信条credential n.外交使节所递的国书, 信任壮credibility n.可信性crewmember 乘务员crimp n.诱迫他人当兵之人, 兵贩子,卷曲, 卷发vt.诱骗别人去当兵, 使卷曲, 使有褶criteria n.标准criteria n.pl.标准critical adj.评论的, 鉴定的, 批评的, 危急的, 临界的criticality n.危险程度crook n.钩状物, (河、道的)弯处, <美口>骗子vt.使弯曲, 诈骗vi.弯曲cross-examineexamine grillquestion quiz testcrucial adj.至关紧要的crude adj.天然的, 未加工的, 粗糙的,拙劣的, 粗鲁的n.天然的物质crunch v.嘎扎嘎扎的咬嚼, 压碎, 扎扎地踏过n.咬碎, 咬碎声, 扎扎地踏crux n.症结cryptanalysis n.密码分析学, 密码翻译法crypto-cryptography n.密码使用法, 密码系统密码术cryptographic adj.关于暗号的, 用密码写的curb n.路边vt. 抑制;控制curiosity n.好奇心curvature n.弯曲, 曲率curves 曲线custodian n.管理人custody n.监督,监视,保护cyberattack 计算机攻击cybersecurity 计算机安全czar n.(俄国)沙皇, <美>大权独揽的人,独裁者, 专制君主- 4 -Ddarn n.v.织补dawn n.黎明, 拂晓, 破晓vi.破晓, 开始现生, 变得(为人所)明白v.破晓daze vt.使茫然, 发昏, 使晕眩n.迷惑, 眼花缭乱deception n.欺骗, 诡计decipher vt.译解(密码等), 解释n.密电译文decoy n.猎鸟时以引诱别的鸟(特别是野鸭)集于一地的真鸟或假鸟, 圈套, 诱骗vt.诱骗dedicate 专门用于dedicated adj.专注的, 献身的deductivedefensive adj.防御用的, 自卫的n.防御defraud vt.欺骗degauss vt.消磁, 消除(船)四周磁场以防御磁雷delegate n.代表vt.委派...为代表delicately adv.优美地, 微妙地delve v.钻研deluge n.洪水, 豪雨v.使泛滥, 淹, 浸, 压倒demilitarize vt.解除武装, 废除军备deplete vt.耗尽, 使衰竭disrupt v.使中断, 使分裂, 使瓦解, 使陷于混乱, 破坏deterrence n.挽留的事物, 妨碍物n.制止; 威慑; 阻止; 制止因素, 威慑因素deterrent n.威慑detrimental adj.有害的devastate vt.毁坏deviate v.偏离,背离devise vt.设计, 发明, 图谋, 作出(计划), 想出(办法), 遗赠给n.遗赠deviation n.背离dictate v.口述, 口授, 使听写, 指令, 指示,命令, 规定n.指示(指理智,变心)diddle 欺骗;骗取;诈骗diffusion n.扩散, 传播, 漫射dilemmas n.进退两难的局面, 困难的选择dilemmas n.进退两难的局面, 困难的选择diligence n.勤奋dire adj.可怕的directive n.指示Discretelogarithm离散对数(El Gamal)discretionary adj.任意的, 自由决定的disgruntle adj.不满的,不高兴的disgruntle vt.使不高兴disguise v.假装, 伪装, 掩饰n.伪装disguise v.假装, 伪装, 掩饰n.伪装disrupt v.使中断, 使分裂, 使瓦解, 使陷于混乱, 破坏disruption n.中断, 分裂, 瓦解, 破坏disruption 分[碎, 断]裂, 破裂[溃, 坏]爆炸, 中断.击穿.瓦解disruption n.中断, 分裂, 瓦解, 破坏disruption n.中断, 分裂, 瓦解, 破坏disseminate v.散布dissemination n.分发dissimilar adj.不同的, 相异的dissipate v.驱散, (使)(云、雾、疑虑等)消散, 浪费(金钱或时间)distractible adj.易于分心的, 不专心的disturbance n.骚动, 动乱, 打扰, 干扰, 骚乱, 搅动doctrine n.教条, 学说dodge v.避开, 躲避n.<俗> 诡计, 躲藏doom n.厄运, 毁灭, 死亡, 世末日v.注定, 判决著名的3D动作游戏doorway n.门口downfall n.衰败, 垮台, 大雨, 落下drastically adv.激烈地, 彻底地dread n.恐惧, 恐怖, 可怕的人(或物), 畏惧v.惧怕, 担心drill n.钻孔机, 钻子, 播种机, 军事训练,操练, (反复)练习, 条播机v.训练, 钻孔, 条播dumpster 垃圾罐duplex [计] 双方的duration n.持续时间, 为期duration n.持续时间, 为期duress n.强迫, 监禁dynamic adj.动力的, 动力学的, 动态的- 5 -Eearmark n.(牲畜耳朵上打着的)耳号v.打上耳号, 加上记号, 指定(款项等的)用途eavesdrop v.偷听n.屋檐水ego n.自我egocentric adj.自我中心的, 利己主义的n.利己主义者electro-magneticelectronic vaultingelliptic curvecryptosystem(ECC)椭圆曲线密码系统emanation n.散发, 发出embedding n.嵌入embezzle vt.盗用, 挪用emitter n.发射器empowerment n.授权encapsulation 包装,封装encipher vt.把(电文)译成密码, 编码encompass v.包围, 环绕, 包含或包括某事物encroachment n.侵蚀,侵犯endeavor n.努力, 尽力vi.尽力, 努力endure v.耐久, 忍耐enforceable adj.可强行的, 可强迫的,可实施的enforcement n.执行,强制enigma n.谜, 不可思议的东西enticement n.诱惑, 怂恿, 引诱entrapment 诱骗做哄骗某人不经过周密考虑而做出非法行为诱捕的行动[过程]envelope n.信封;纸袋;封皮environmental adj.周围的, 环境的n.环境论envision vt.想象, 预想equipment n.装备,设备,器材,固定资产erect adj.直立的, 竖立的, 笔直的vt.盖, 使竖立, 使直立, 树立, 建立vi.[生理]勃起escort n.护卫(队), 护送, 陪同(人员), 护卫队v.护卫, 护送, 陪同escrow n.由第三者保存附带条件委付盖印的契约espionage n.间谍, 侦探estate n.状态, 不动产, 时期, 阶层, 财产estimate v.估计, 估价, 评估n.估计, 估价,评估ethics n.偶尔, 道德规范evade v.规避, 逃避, 躲避evasive adj.逃避的, 推托的evacuation n.撤退, 走开evidence n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据,[物]证据, 证物evil adj.邪恶的, 带来麻烦的, 不幸的,有害的, 诽谤的n.邪恶, 不幸, 罪恶evildoer n.(尤指经常)为恶者, 做坏事的人exact adj.精确的, 准确的, 原样的, 精密的, 严格vt.强求, 急需, 要求exempt v.免除adj.被免除的exhort v.劝戒,忠告exigent adj.紧急的, 迫切的, 苛求的, 要求很高的expectancy n.期望expenditure n.支出, 花费experience n.vt.经验, 体验, 经历, 阅历explicit adj.外在的, 清楚的, 直率的, (租金等)直接付款的explicitly adv.明白地, 明确地explicitly adv.明白地, 明确地exponent n.解释者, 说明者, 代表者, 典型,指数exponential n.指数, 倡导者, 演奏者, 例子,[数]指数adj.指数的, 幂数的expose vt.使暴露, 受到, 使曝光v.揭露extent n.广度, 宽度, 长度, 范围, 程度,区域, [律]<英>扣押, <美>临时所有权令extinguish vt.熄灭, 消灭, 压制, 使黯然失色,偿清extortion n.勒索, 敲诈, 强取, 被勒索的财物extrapolate v.推断, [数]外推extremely adv.极端地, 非常地- 6 -Ffacet n.(多面体的)面, (宝石等的)刻面,小平面, 方面, 琢面vt.在...上刻画facilitate v.使方便facility n.容易, 简易, 灵巧, 熟练, 便利,敏捷, 设备, 工具facsimile n.摹写, 传真facsimile n.摹写, 传真Fahrenheit adj.华氏温度计的n.华氏温度计, 华氏温度计fallacy n.谬误, 谬论fallacy n.谬误, 谬论falsify v.伪造far-reaching adj.深远的, 伸至远处的, 广大的felony n.[律]重罪fence n.栅栏, 围墙, 剑术vt.用篱笆围住, 练习剑术, 防护vi.击剑, 围以栅栏, 跳过栅栏, 搪塞fiduciary adj.基于信用的, 信托的, 受信托的n.被信托者, 受托人fireproof adj.耐火的, 防火的vt.使防水, 使耐火Finite field 有限域flashlight n.手电筒, 闪光灯flee vt.逃避, 逃跑, 逃走vi.消散, 逃, 消失flip vt.掷, 弹, 轻击, (用鞭等)抽打,空翻vi.用指轻弹, 抽打, 翻动书页(或纸张), 蹦跳n.抛, 弹, 筋斗adj.无礼的, 冒失的, 轻率的fluctuate vi.变动, 波动, 涨落, 上下, 动摇vt.使动摇, 使波动, 使起伏fluorescent adj.荧光的, 莹光的fluoropolymer n.[化]含氟聚合物flux n.涨潮,变迁v.熔化,流出focal adj.焦点的, 有焦点的, 在焦点上的foolproof adj.十分简单的, 十分安全的, 极坚固的forensic adj.法院的, 适于法庭的, 公开辩论的n.辩论术forensics n.辩论练习, 辩论术forgery n.伪造物, 伪造罪, 伪造foster v.养育,培养,鼓励,报(希望)n.抚养者,鼓励者fortify vt.设防于, 增强(体力,结构等)使坚强, 增加, (酒)的酒精含量vi.筑防御工事fractional adj.部分的, 碎片的, 分数的, 小数的, 分馏的fragile adj.易碎的, 脆的fraud n.欺骗, 欺诈行为, 诡计, 骗子,假货fraudulent adj.欺诈的, 欺骗性的, 骗得的freak n.怪诞的思想、行动或事件, 畸形人, 畸形的动物或植物, 反复无常adj.奇异的, 反常的frequency n.频率, 周率, 发生次数fresnel n.菲(涅耳)(频率单位,百亿赫兹)frustrate v.挫败, 阻挠, 使感到灰心, 阻止fuel n.燃料vt.加燃料, 供以燃料vi.得到燃料fuel n.燃料full-fledged adj.羽毛生齐的, 有充分资格的,发育完全的furniture n.家具, 设备, 储藏物furrow n.犁沟, 皱纹vt.犁, 耕, 弄绉fuse n.保险丝, 熔丝v.熔合- 7 -Ggarbage n.垃圾,污物,废料gadget n.小器具, 小配件, 小玩意, 诡计garble vt.断章取义, 混淆gauge n.标准尺,规格v.测量gear n.齿轮, 传动装置v.调整, (使)适合, 换档geeky adj.〈俚〉令人讨厌的gee-wiz n.奇才,能手,行家geodetic adj.测地学的, 测量的glaze v.装玻璃, 上釉, 使表面光滑n.釉料, 釉面, 光滑面, 上光glaze overgloom n.阴暗, 阴沉v.(使)变阴暗, 优伤地说, 繁荣glue n.胶,胶水vt.胶合goofy adj.愚笨的, 傻瓜的gossip n.闲话, 闲谈granular adj.由小粒而成的, 粒状的granular adj.由小粒而成的, 粒状的granularity n.间隔尺寸, 粒度groove n.(唱片等的) 凹槽, 惯例, 最佳状态vt.开槽于grudge v.不给予grudge n怀恨;怨恨;妒忌guage n.线规,进度指示guilt n.罪行, 内疚gut n.[复]内脏, (幽门到直肠间的)肠子,勇气, 剧情, 内容, 肚子, 内脏, 海峡vt.取出内脏, 摧毁(房屋等的)内部装置halon 碳、溴或卤的气体化合物(用于灭火)hangman n.绞刑吏, 刽子手haphazard n.偶然, 偶然事件adj.偶然的, 随便的adv.偶然地harassment n.折磨harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的, 刺耳的, 刺目的hassle n.激战vi.争论vt.与...争辩n.麻烦;打扰hazard n.冒险, 危险, 冒险的事vt.冒...的危险, 赌运气, 使遭危险hazardous adj.危险的, 冒险的, 碰运气的hereby adv.因此, 据此herein adv.于此, 在这里hermetically adv.密封地, 炼金术地hiding n.隐匿, 隐藏之事, 痛打, 隐匿之所hierarchical adj.分等级的hierarchical adj.分等级的hierarchical adj.分等级的hierarchy n.层次hierarchy n.层次hieroglyphics n.象形文字, 象形文字写成的文章hiring n.租金, 工钱, 租用, 雇用vt.雇请,出租vi.受雇hoax v.愚弄n.愚弄holistic adj.整体的, 全盘的hostage n.人质, 抵押品hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的n.敌对humidity n.湿度hurdle n.篱笆, 栏, 障碍, 跨栏, 活动篱笆v.用篱笆围住, 跳过(栏栅), 克服(障碍)hurricane n.飓风, 狂风hygrometer n.湿度计humpty-dumpty adj.矮胖的, 粗短的- 8 -Iideological adj.意识形态的idiot n.白痴, 愚人, 傻瓜idiot-proof 简单易行的制作得在使用或运行中不容易被损坏或失效的:ignition n.点火, 点燃illogical adj.不合逻辑的, 不合理的illuminate vt.照明, 照亮, 阐明, 说明, 使灿烂, 以灯火装饰(街道等)vi.照亮imminent adj.即将来临的, 逼近的impairment n.损害, 损伤impede v.阻止implicitly adv.含蓄地, 暗中地impostor n.冒名顶替者improper adj.不适当的inaction n.无行动, 不活动, 无为, 怠惰,迟钝incentive n.动机adj.激励的inconsistent adj.不一致的, 不协调的, 矛盾的indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要,简要地说明inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的infeasible adj.不可实行的inference n.推论n.推理(结论,论断infiltration n.渗透inflict v.造成infraction n.违反, 侵害infrared adj.红外线的n.红外线infrastructure n.下部构造, 基础下部组织infringement n.违反, 侵害ingenuity n.机灵, 独创性, 精巧, 灵活性ingredient n.成分, 因素inherit vt.继承inheritance 继承innocence n.清白innocent v.无知的;清白的inrush current n.涌入inquisitiveness adj.好奇的instantiation n.实例化,例示instantiation n.实例化,例示intake n.(水管、煤气管等的)入口, 进口,通风口, (在一定期间的)引入的量intangible adj.难以明了的, 无形的intangible asset n.无形资产intend vt.想要, 打算, 意指, 意谓interception n.中途夺取, 拦截,侦听interdependencyinterpersonal adj.人际间的interpret v.解释,说明,口译,interrogate vt.审问, 询问v.审问interrogation n.审问, 问号interruption n.中断, 打断interweave v.(使)交织, 织进, (使)混杂(interwoven)intimidate v.胁迫intricacy n.复杂, 错综intricate adj.复杂的, 错综的, 难以理解的intrinsic adj.固有的,内在的,本质的introduce vt.介绍, 传入, 引进, 提出inundate v.淹没invasive adj.入侵的inventory n.存货清单inverter n.反用换流器, 变极器involve vt.包括, 笼罩, 潜心于, 使陷于iris 【物】(锁)光圈, 可变光阑[光圈]iron out v.烫平, 消除irrefutable adj.不能反驳的, 不能驳倒的issue-specific- 9 -Jjail n.监狱vt.监禁jamjargon n.行话Job rotation n.工作轮换Johnny-on-the-spot 可随时应召出力的人在需要时可随时应召并愿意出力的人journal n.日报,杂志;日志judicial adj.司法的, 法院的, 公正的, 明断的jurisdiction n.权限jury n.[律] 陪审团, 评判委员会, 陪审员adj.[海]临时应急的juvenile adj.青少年的, 幼稚的n.青少年,少年读物[dVu(:)5diFEl]Llabeling n.标签vt.贴标签,分类Large prime 大素数(RSA)large primenumberlaminate v.碾压lash out v.猛击, 急速甩动latch n.门插销v.闭锁lattice n.格子lax adj.松的, 松懈的, 不严格的, 腹泻的, 松驰的n.泻肚, [语]松元音leapfrog n.跳背游戏(分开两腿从背弯站立者身上跳过), [军](两支部队)交互跃进, 竞相提高vi.跳背, 交替前进vt.跃过ledger n.[会计]分类帐, 分户总帐, 底帐,[建](手脚架上的)横木legally adv.法律上, 合法地legislature n.立法机关, 立法机构lethal adj.致命的n.致死因子liability n.责任, 义务, 倾向, 债务, 负债,与assets相对liaison n.联络, (语音)连音limelight n.引人注目的中心liquid leakage 液体泄漏lofty adj.高高的, 崇高的, 高傲的,高级的logarithm n.[数] 对数logistics n.后勤学, 后勤loiter v.闲荡, 虚度, 徘徊loot v.掠夺, 抢劫, 劫掠n.掠夺物, 战利品, 抢劫looter 掠夺者, 抢劫者, 强夺者lucifer n.魔鬼, 撒旦lunge n.刺, 刺进, 跃进, 套马索v.突进, 刺lure v.引诱- 10 -Mmagnetic adj.磁的, 有磁性的, 有吸引力的magnitude n.大小, 数量, 巨大, 广大, 量级mainframe n.[计]主机大型机malfunction n.故障malwaremaneuver v.机动n.机动mandatory adj.命令的, 强制的, 托管的mangle vt.乱砍, 撕裂, 破坏, 毁损, 损坏,轧布n.(洗衣用的)轧干机, 熨平机mantrap n.(给入侵私人领地者设的)捕人陷阱marital adj.婚姻的masquerade n.化妆舞会v.化装mature adj.成熟的, 到期的, 充分考虑的,(票据等)到期的vt.使成熟vi.成熟, 到期mayhem n.伤害罪之一种, 故意的伤害罪means n.手段, 方法memorandum n.备忘录mentor 贤明的顾问, 导师, 指导者mesh n.网孔, 网丝, 网眼, 圈套, 陷阱,[机]啮合meta datamethodology n.方法学midstream n.河流正中, 中流millennium n.太平盛世, 一千年mimic adj.模仿的, 假装的, [生]拟态的n.效颦者, 模仿者, 小丑, 仿制品vt.模仿, 摹拟minutiaemiscellaneous adj.各色各样混在一起, 混杂的,多才多艺的mitigate v.减轻mitigation n. 缓解、减轻、平静mitigation n.减轻,缓解,平静mitigation n.缓解, 减轻, 平静modular adj.模的moisture n.潮湿, 湿气mold n.模子, 铸型vt.浇铸, 塑造monetary adj.货币的, 金钱的monetary adj.金钱的monoalphabetic substitution(密码学用语)单码代替,单一字母替换法morale-boosting 振奋士气mortise 榫眼; 印刷板穴安定; 接合; 固定motivation n.动机mundane adj.世界的, 世俗的, 平凡的multicasemultiplexer n.多路(复用)器Nnebulous adj.星云的, 云雾状的, 模糊的,朦胧的negatively adv.否定地, 消极地negligence n.疏忽negligence n.疏忽negligent adj.疏忽的, 粗心大意的neon orange n.[化]氖neonorange(discretionary AC)ness n.海角neural adj.神经系统的, 神经中枢的, 背的noise andperturbationn.动摇, 混乱nomenclature n.命名法, 术语nomenclature n.命名法, 术语noncompliance n.不服从, 不顺从nondisclosureagreement保密协议noninterference n.不干扰nozzle n.管口, 喷嘴notary n.公证人- 11 -Oobfuscate vt.使模糊, 使迷乱obligation n.义务, 职责, 债务obscure adj.暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的, 晦涩的vt.使暗, 使不明显observation n.观察, 观测, [pl.] 观察资料(或报告)odorless adj.无嗅的offensive adj.讨厌的, 无礼的, 攻击性的n.进攻, 攻势omission n.冗长opaque n.不透明物adj.不透明的, 不传热的, 迟钝的opportunity n.机会, 时机oral adj.口头的orange (configuration Management ) orchestrate v.编管弦乐曲ordeal n.严酷的考验, 痛苦的经验, 折磨outage n.储运损耗outcome n.结果, 成果outcry n.大声疾呼outmaneuver v.以策略制胜, 以机动性胜过outnumber vt.数目超过, 比...多overhead 用于系统操作而不是用于用户作业的时间或操作。
翻译硕士名词解释词条

绝对翻译 absolute translation摘要翻译 abstract translation滥译 abusive translation可接受性 acceptibility准确accuracy译者行动translatorial action充分性 adequacy改编 adaptation调整 adjustment美学诗体翻译aesthetic-poetic translation 经纪人agent类同形式analogical form分析 analysis感染型文本 applied focused-texts应用翻译研究applied translation studies 古词废词 archaism元译素 architranseme范围的翻译理论area-restricted theories of translation 听觉媒介型文本 audio-medial texts委托 commission自动翻译 automatic translation自立幅度 autonomy spectrum自译 autotranslation逆转换 back-transformation范围的翻译理论back-translation双边传译 bilateral interpreting双语语料库bilingual corporal双文本bi-text空位 blank spaces无韵体翻译 blank verse translation借用 borrowing仿造 calque机助翻译 MAT范畴转换 category shift词类转换 class shift贴近翻译 close translation连贯 coherence委托 commission传意负荷 communication load传意翻译 communicative translation社群传译 community interpreting对换 commutation可比语料库 comparable corpora补偿compensation能力 competence成分分析componential analysis机器辅助翻译MAT一致性concordance会议传译conference interpreting接续传译consecutive interpreting建构性翻译常规 constitutive translational conventions派生内容的形式content-derivative form重内容文本 content-focused texts语境一致contextual consistency受控语言 controlled language常规 conventions语料库 corpora可修正性 correctability对应 correspondence法庭传译court interpreting隐型翻译covert translation跨时翻译理论 cross-temporal theories of translation 文化途径 cultural approach文化借用 cultural borrowing文化替换 cultural substitution文化翻译 cultural translation文化移植 cultural transplantation文化置换 cultural transposition区分度degree of differentiation翻译定义definitions of translation描写翻译研究 descriptive translation studies图表翻译diagrammatic translation对话传译 dialogue interpreting说教忠信didactic fidelity直接翻译 direct translation翻译方向 direction of translation消解歧义disambiguation话语类型的翻译理论discourse type-restricted theories of translation文献型翻译 documentary translation归化翻译 domesticating translation配音 dubbing动态性 dynamics动态对等 dynamic equivalence动态忠信 dynamic fidelity用功模式 effort models借用 borrowing种族学翻译enthnographic translation翻译的种族语言学模式 enthnolinguistic model of translation 非目标接受者 excluded receiver诠释性翻译 exegetic translation诠释忠信 exegetical fidelity异国情调 exoticism期望规范 expectancy norms明示 explicitation表情型文本 expressive texts外部转移external transfer外来形式 extraneous form忠实faithfulness假朋友false friends假翻译fictitious translation贴近 coherence异化翻译 foreignizing translation派生形式的形式 form-derivative forms重形式文本 content-focused texts形式对应 formal correspondence形式对等 formal equivalence前向转换 forward transformation自由译 free translation全文翻译 total translation功能取向翻译研究 function-oriented translation studies 功能对等 function equivalence空隙 gaps宽泛化 generalization宽泛化翻译generalizing translation要旨翻译gist translation释词翻译 gloss translation成功 success目的语 goal languages语法分析 grammatical analysis语法置换 grammatical transposition字形翻译graphological translation诠释步骤 hermeneutic motion对应层级hierarchy of correspondences历史忠信historical fidelity同音翻译homophonic translation音素翻译phonemic translation横向翻译 horizontal translation超额信息 hyperinformation同一性identity地道翻译idomatic translation地道性idomaticity不确定性indeterminacy间接翻译 indirect translation翻译即产业过程 translation as industrial process 信息负荷 information load信息提供 information offer信息型文本informative texts初始规范initial norms工具型翻译 instrumental translation整合翻译 integral translation跨文化合作intercultural cooperation中间语言 interlanguage隔行翻译interlineal translation逐行翻译interlinear translation语际语言 interlingua语际翻译interlingual translation中介翻译 intermediate translation内部转移 internal transfer解释 interpretation传译 interpreting翻译释意理论 interpretive theory of translation 符际翻译intersemiotic translation互时翻译intertemporal translation 语内翻译intralingual translation 系统内转换 intra-system shift不变量 invariant不变性 invariance逆向翻译inverse translation隐形 invisibility核心 kernel关键词翻译 keyword translation贴近 coherence可核实性 verifiability可修正性 correctability空缺 voids层次转换 level shift词汇翻译 lexical translation联络传译 liaison interpreting普遍语言 lingua universalis语言学途径linguistic approach语言对等 linguistic equivalence语言翻译linguistic translation语言创造性翻译linguistically creative translation 字面翻译 literal translation直译法 literalism借译 load translation原素logeme逻各斯 logos低地国家学派 low countries groups忠诚 loyalty机助翻译MAT机器翻译machine translation操纵manipulation操纵学派manipulation school图谱mapping矩阵规范matricial norms中继翻译 mediated translation中介语言 mediating language词译 metaphrase元诗metapoem元文本 metatext韵律翻译metrical translation模仿形式mimetic form最小最大原则 minimax principle 小众化 minoritizing translation 调整 modification调适 modulation语义消歧 semantic disambiguation 多语语料库multilingual corpora 多媒介型文本multi-medial texts 多阶段翻译 multiple-stage texts 变异 mutation自然性 naturalness必要区分度 necessary degree of differentiation 负面转换negative shift无遗留原则no leftover principle规范 norms必要对等语 obligatory equivalents曲径翻译 oblique translation观察型接受者observational receiver信息提供 information offer操作模式operational models操作规范 operational norms运作型文本 operative texts可换对等语 optional equivalents有机形式organic form重合翻译 overlapping translation显型翻译 overt translation范式对等 paradigmatic equivalence平行语料库 parallel corpora释词 paraphrase局部翻译理论 partial theories of translation 部分重合翻译partially-overlapping translation 参与型接受者particularizing receiver具体化翻译 particularizing translation赞助 patronage运用 performance音素翻译phonemic translation音位翻译phonological translation中枢语言 pivot language译诗为文poetry into prose争辩式翻译polemical translation多元系统理论 polysystem theory译后编辑 post-editing译前编辑pre-editing语用途径 pragmatic approach精确度 degree of precision预先规范preliminary norms规定翻译研究 prescriptive theories of translation首级翻译 primary translation问题的翻译理论 problem-restrained theories of translation 成品取向翻译研究 product-oriented studies of translation 过程取向翻译研究 process-oriented studies of translation 专业规范 professional norms散文翻译 prose translation前瞻式翻译prospective translation抗议 protest原型文本 prototext伪翻译 psedotranslation公共服务传译 public service interpreting纯语言 pure language原始翻译 radical translation级阶受限翻译rank-bound translation级阶的翻译理论 rank-restricted theories of translation读者取向机器翻译 reader-oriented machine translation 独有特征 realia接受语 receptor language重构式翻译translation with reconstructions冗余 redundancy折射refraction规约性翻译常规 regulative translational conventions 转接传译 relay interpreting知识库要素repertoreme变换措词rephrasing阻抗 resistancy受限翻译 restricted translation重组 restructuring转译 retranslation后瞻式翻译retrospective translation换词rewording换声 revoicing重写 rewrtiting韵体翻译rhymed translation翻译科学 science of translation目的论scopos theory二级翻译second-hand translation二手翻译secondary translation选译 selective translation自译 self translation语义消歧 semantic disambiguation语义翻译 semantic translation语义空缺 semantic voids意义理论theory of sense意对意翻译 sense-for-sense translation 序列翻译 serial translation服务翻译 service translation转换shifts视译 sight translation手语传译signed language translation同声传译simultaneous interpreting源语 source language源文本source text源文本取向翻译研究source text-oriented translation studies 具体化specification结构转换 structure shift文体对等 stylistic equivalence子语言sublanguage配字幕 substituting成功 success超额翻译 overtranslation组合对等syntagmatic equivalence系统system有声思维记录think-aloud protocols目标语 target language目标文本 target texts目标文本取向翻译研究 target text-oriented translation studies 术语库 term banks术语 terminology文本类型学text typology文本素texteme文本类型的翻译理论 text type-restricted theories of translation 文本对等 textual equivalence文本规范 textual norms理论翻译研究theoretical translation studies意义理论theory of sense增量翻译 thick translation有声思维记录 think aloud protocols第三语码third code第三语言third language时域的翻译理论 temporal-restricted theories of translation完全翻译 total translation巴别塔 tower of babel注音 transcription译素 transeme转移 transfer转移取向翻译研究 transfer-oriented translation studies 迁移 transference转换 transformation可译性 translatability笔译 translation翻译与博弈理论 translation and the theory of games翻译即抉择translation as decision-making翻译即产业过程 translation as industrial process翻译对等translation equivalence翻译研究translation studies翻译理论translation theory翻译单位 translation unit翻译普遍特征translation universals重构式翻译 translation with reconstructions翻译对等 translation equivalence 翻译体 translationese翻译学translatology译者行动translatorial action音译 transliteration符际转化 transmutation置换 transposition不受限翻译 unbounded translation 欠额翻译 undertranslation翻译单位 translation unit单位转换 unit shift不可译性 untranslatability词语一致verbal consistency可核实性 correctability改本改译 version纵向翻译vertical translation空缺 voids耳语传译whispered interpreting词对词翻译 word- for-word translation作者取向翻译机器 reader-oriented machine translation。
AP1000术语翻译

Term 术语Definitions 定义解说Active equipment 有源设备Equipment which shall perform a mechanical motion as part of itssafety-related function.作为安全相关功能的一部分,进行机械运动的设备。
Aging 老化The effect of operation, environmental and system conditions onequipment during a period of time up to, but not including design basisevents, or the process of simulating these events.经过一段时间的使用,设备在环境整体影响下的变化,不包括设备本身基本设计方面的变化。
Component 组件Discrete items from which the equipment is assembled. 组装成设备的离散型零件。
Cutoff Frequency截止频率;切截频率The frequency in the response spectrum where the zero period acceleration asymptote begins. This is the frequency beyond which single degree of freedom oscillators exhibit no amplification of motion, and indicates the upper limit of the frequency content of the waveform being analyzed.频率响应谱中的零期渐近开始加速。
截止频率是单个自由振荡器在没有继续提速征兆情况下的频数,代表了受分析的波形曲线的上限频率。
语言学中英术语对照
语言学中英术语对照GlossaryandIndex Aabbreviation缩写词,略语Abercrombieablative夺格,离格abstractness抽象性accent重音(符)accuracy正确性accusative宾格achievementtest成绩测试acousticphonetics声学语音学acquisition习得acronym缩略语actionprocess动作过程actor动作者addition添加addressform称呼形式addressee受话人addresser发话人adjective形容词adjunct修饰成分;附加语adverb副词affix词缀affixhopping词缀跳跃affixation词缀附加法affricate塞擦音agreement一致关系airstream气流alliteration头韵allomorph词/语素变体allophone音位变体allophonicvariation音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolarridge齿龈alveolar齿龈音ambiguity歧义ambiguous歧义的Americandescriptivelinguistics美国描写语言学AmericanEnglish美式英语AmericanIndianlanguages美国印第安族诸语言Americanstructuralism美国结构主义analogicalcreation类推造字anapest抑抑扬格anaphor前指替代anaphoricreference前指照应Anderson Animalcommunicationsystem动物交际系统animate有生命的annotation注解antecedent先行词;前在词anthropological人类学的anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同发音antonomasia换称;代类名antonym反义词antonymy反义(关系)appellative称谓性appliedlinguistics应用语言学appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy适宜性appropriateness适宜性;得体性approximant无摩擦延续音Apteaptitudetest素质测试Arabic阿拉伯语arbitrariness任意性argument中项;中词;主目article冠词articulation发音articulator发音器官articulatoryphonetics发音语音学artificialspeech人工言语aspect体aspirated吐气;送气assimilation同化associative联想associativemeaning联想意义assonance准压韵;半谐音Atkinson,A.M.attributive属性;修饰语;定语auditoryphonetics听觉语音学Austin,JohnLangshawauthenticinput真实投入authorialstyle权威风格authoringprogram编程autonomy自主性auxiliary助词盪血里赵uJSi|enSui|!q互库@赵uoijisoddo|ejaje|iq昙leseu|eiqe|iq昙国赵leiqenqX王弘马lusunoiAeqaq葩耳¥马ssaDOjd|ejnolAeqaq jaAe M^q 切皋吧晋JuouodiuoDasequoijeujJo^DeqaSejsSui|qqeqaq」“人」ei|ixne binarydivision二分法binaryfeature二分特征binarytaxonomy二分分类学binding制约bindingtheory制约论BlackEnglish黑人英语blade舌叶;舌面前部blankverse无韵诗blending混成法borrowing借用;借词boundmorpheme粘着语素boundingtheory管辖论bracketing括号法brevitymaxim简洁准则bridging架接BritishEnglish英式英语broadtranscription宽式音标broadening词义扩大Browncorpus布朗语料库calculability可计算性calque仿造;仿造词语cancellability可删除cardinalnumeral基数cardinalvowel基本元音case格casegrammar格语法casetheory格理论category范畴categoricalcomponent范畴成分causative使役的;使投动词CD-I,compactdisk-interactive交互式激光视盘center中心词centraldeterminer中心限定词chainrelation链状关系chainsystem链状系统Chinese汉语choice选择choicesystem选择系统circumstance环境因子class词类classshift词性变换clause小句;从句click吸气音;咂音clipping截断法closedclass封闭类closedsyllable闭音节cluster音丛coarticulation协同发音coda结尾音节;符尾code语码;信码cognitivepsycholinguistics认知心理语言学cognitivepsychology认知心理学cognitivesystem认知系统coherence相关;关联cohension衔接co-hyponym同下义词colligation类连结collocativemeaning搭配意义colorword色彩词colorwordsystem色彩词系统command指令commoncore共核commonnoun普通名词communication交际communicativecompetence交际能力communicativedynamism,CD交际性动力communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法communicativeSentencePattern,CSP交际性句子模式communicativesyllabus交际教学大纲communicativetest交际性测试communicative-grammaticalapproach交际-语法教学法compactdisk激光盘COMPACTDISD-READONLYMEMORY,CD-ROM激光视盘comparativedegree比较级competence能力complement补语complementaryantonym互补反义词complementaryantonymy互补反义关系complementarydistribution互补分布complexpredicate复合谓语component成分componentialanalysis成分分析compositeproposition复合命题compositionality复合性compound复合词;复合句comprehension理解computation计算computationallinguistics计算语言学computationalsystem计算系统computer计算机;电脑computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算机辅助学习computercorpus计算机语料库computerhardware计算机硬件computerliteracy计算机操作能力computernetworks计算机网络computersystem计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算机辅助语言学习conative意动的concept概念conceptualmeaning概念意concord一致(关系)concordance共现关系concretenoun具体名词concurrent同时发生的conjugation词形变化conjunct连接副词conjunction连接词conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑connotation内涵consequent跟随成分consonance辅音韵consonant辅音constantopposition不变对立constative表述的constituentcommand成分指令constituentproposition成分命题constituentstructureanalysis成分结构分析constituent成分construct编制constructvalidity编制效度construction构建constructivism构建主义contact接触contentanalysis内容分析contentvalidity内容效度contentword实义词contextdependent语境依赖的contextofsituation情景语境context语境contextualanalyses语境分析contextualmeaning语境意义contrastiveanalysis对比分析controltheory控制理论controlledlanguage有控制的语言convention常规;规约conventionalmeaning常规意义;规约意义conventionality常规性;规约性conversationalimplicature会话含义conversationalmaxim会话准则converseantonymy相反反义现象conversion变换cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原则coordinateconstruction并列结构coordination并列Cordercoreferential互参的coronal舌面前音corpus(pl.corpora)语料;素材corpusdata语料库语料corpuslinguistics语料库语言学context上下文countable可数(名词) counterfactualproposition反事实命题couplet对句;对联creativity创造性;原创性Creole克里澳尔语;混和语cross-cultural跨文化cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交际cross-linguistic跨语言的culture文化culturally-specific文化特异的curriculum教学大纲customizing定制的Ddactyl扬抑抑格Danilanguage达尼语dataretrieval,DR资料检索database数据库dative(case)与格dativemovement与格移动declarative陈述句decoding解码deductive演绎的deepstructure深层结构defeasibility消除可行性definite有定的degeneratedata无用的语料deixis指称delicacy精密阶denotation外延;指称dental齿音dentalization齿音化derivation衍生derivationalaffix.衍生词汇derivationalmorphology派生形态学description描写descriptiveadequacy描写充分性descriptivelinguistics描写语言学designfeature结构特征determiner限定词developinggrammar发展语法deviant变体deviation偏离;变异devoicing清音化diachroniclinguistics历时语言学diachronic历时的diacritic附加符号;变音符diagnostictest诊断性测试dialect方言dialectology方言学dialogue对话dictionary词典digitizedsound数字化语音dimetre二音步诗行diphthong二合元音;双元音directobject直接宾语directspeech,DS直接言语directthought,DT直接思想directionality方向性discourse语篇;话语discourseanalysis语篇分析;话语分析discourseinterpretation语篇理解discrete分离的;离散的discrete-pointgrammar离散语法discretepointtest分立性测试disjunction分离关系displacement移位dissimilation异化(作用)distinctivefeature区别性特征distinguisher辩义成分distribution分布do-insertionruledo添加规则domain范围;领域dorsal舌背音;舌中音dorsum舌背(音)doublecomparative双重比较download下载drama戏剧drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件D-structureD结构dual双数dualisticview二分观点duality二重性economy经济性;简洁性earlyModernEnglish早期现代英语ejective爆发音electronicmail电子邮件ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis省略(法)ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子结构embeddedelement嵌入成分emic位学的emotive感情的emphasis强调empiricaldata经验主义的语料empirical经验主义的empiricalvalidity经验效度empiricism经验主义emptycategory,EC空范畴enablingskills使成技能化encoding编码endrhyme末端韵endocentricconstruction内向结构entailment蕴涵entrycondition入列条件epenthesis插音;增音equipollentopposition均等对立equivalence相等equivalencereliability相等信度erroranalysis错误分析EST科技英语ethnicityidentity民族认同ethnographyofcommunication交际民族学etic非位的;素的evaluation评估eventprocess事件过程example-basedmachinetranslation基于例句的机器翻译exchangeerror交换错误exchangesequence交际序列exchangestructure交际结构exhaustive穷尽的;彻底的existent存在物existential存在句existentialprocess存在过程existentialquantifier存在数量词exocentric外向的exocentricconstruction外向结构experiential经验的experientialfunction经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics实验心理语言学explanatoryadequacy解释充分性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明显的语法教学法expressionminimization表达最底程度expressive表达的extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展标准理论extensive引申的;扩展的extent-conditionformat程度条件格式externalevaluation外部评估externalqualifier外部修饰语extrinsicsourcesoferror外在的错误来源eyemovement眼部移动。
高考考纲3500词之名词汇总
高考考纲3500词之名词汇总ability n能力,才能abortion n.流产;中途失败absence n.缺席;不在某处academy n.高等专科院校;研究院;学术团体accent n.口音;腔调;重音access n. (接近的)方法;通路;可接近性accident n.事故,意外的事accommodation n.住所;住宿accountant n.会计accuracy n.精确;准确achievement n.成就;功绩acid n.酸acquaintance n.相识;了解;熟人acquisition n.获得;习得acre n.英亩act n.法令,条例v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏),行动,做事action n.行动activity n.活动actor n.男演员;行动者actress n.女演员AD n.公元ad=advertisement n.广告adaptation n.适应(性);改编本addition n.加;增加;加法address n.地址adjustment n.调整;调节administration n.管理;行政部门admission n.允许进入;入场费;承认advice n.忠告,劝告,建议affair n.事务;事情;暖昧关系affection n.喜爱;爱;感情advantage n.优点,好处adventure n.奇遇;冒险adolescent n.青少年adj.青春期的adult n.成人;成年人adj.成人的;成熟的adolescence n.青春期advertisement n.广告Africa n.非洲African a. & n.非洲(人)的;非洲人afternoon n.下午,午后age n.年龄,时代agency n.代理,代理处,政府机构agriculture n.农业;农艺;农学AIDS n.爱滋病,获得性免疫功能丧失综合症air n.空气,大气agreement n.同意,一致,协定,协议agenda n.议程(表)agent n.代理人;经纪人aircraft n.飞行器;航空器;飞机airline n.航空公司,航空系统airmail n.航空邮件airplane n. (美)飞机airport n.航空站,飞机场airspace n.空域,上空,空间,领空,广播时间album n. (收集相片、邮票等的)薄、册;唱片集alcohol n.酒;酒精algebra n.代数;代数学alley n.小巷,胡同allowance n.津贴;补助alphabet n.字母表alternative n.可能的选择adj.供选择的;其他的altitude n.海拔高度;高处aluminum n.铝ambition n.雄心;野心amateur n.业余爱好者ambulance n.救护车America n.美国,美洲amount n.数量amusement n.消遣;娱乐(活动)analysis n. (pl analyses)分析ancestor n.祖先;祖宗anchor n.锚ancient a.古代的,古老的anecdote n.轶事;奇闻anger n.怒气;怒火angle n.角;角度animal n.动物ankle n.踝(关节)anniversary n.周年纪念(日)annual adj.每年的;按年度计算的n.年刊;年鉴ant n.蚂蚁anxiety n.担心;焦虑;渴望antique adj.古时的;(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的n.文物;古董;古玩apartment n. <美>公寓住宅;单元住宅apology n.道谦;谢罪appearance n.外观;外貌;出现appendix n.附录;附件appetite n.食欲;胃口apple n.苹果applicant n.申请人application n.应用;用途;申请appointment n.约会;任命appreciation n.欣赏;感激;感谢approval n.赞成;认可apron n.围裙arch n.拱门architect n.建筑师architecture n.建筑学;建筑艺术Arctic a.北极的n.北极area n.面积,地域,地方,区域,范围,领域argument n.争论;争辩;争吵armchair n.扶手椅;单座沙发army n.军队arithmetic n.算术学;算术arrangement n.安排;排列arrival n.到来;到达;到达者arrow n.箭,矢,箭状物;箭头符号art n.艺术,美术,技艺article n.文章,东西,物品,冠词artist n.艺术家ash n.灰;灰末Asia n.亚洲Asian a & n.亚洲的,亚洲人的aspect n.方面;层面assessment n.评估;评价assistance n.协助;援助assistant n.助手;助理;售货员association n.社团;联系;联想assumption n.假定;设想astronomer n.天文学家astronomy n.天文学athlete n.运动员;运动选手atmosphere n.大气层;气氛atom n.原子attempt n.努力;尝试;企图vt.尝试;企图attention n.注意;关注;注意力attitude n.态度;看法attraction n.有吸引力的事物;吸引audience n.观众;听众;读者aunt n.伯母,舅母,婶,姑,姨author n.著者;作家authority n.权威;权力(pl)当局;官方autumn n.秋天,秋季avenue n.林荫道;道路;大街award n.奖;奖品vt.授予;判定baby n.婴儿bachelor n.获学士学位的人;未婚男子back ad.回(原处),向后n.背后,后部,背.后面的background n.背景;后台bacon n.熏咸肉;腊肉bacterium (pl bacteria) n. (bacterium的复数形式)细菌badminton n.羽毛球运动bag n.书包,提包,袋子baggage n. (= luggage in BrE)行李bakery n.面包房;面包厂balcony n.阳台;包厢ball n.球,舞会ballet n.芭蕾舞balloon n.气球bamboo n.竹banana n.香蕉band n. (河、海、湖的)岸,堤bandage n.绷带vt.用绷带绑扎basement n.地下室barrier n.障碍物;栅栏;屏障bare adj.赤裸的;光秃的;稀少的n.最基本的要素baseball n.棒球bank n.银行;岸,堤;堆v.把(钱)存入银行bar n.条;棒;条状物barbecue n.金属烤架;烧烤野餐barber n.理发师barbershop n.理发店basin n.盆;盆地basis n. (pl bases)基础;根据basket n.篮子basketball n.篮球bat n.蝙蝠;球棒,球拍bath n.浴,洗澡;浴缸bathroom n.浴室,盥洗室bathtub n.浴缸;澡盆battery n.电池(组);电瓶;炮台battle n.战役;战斗;较量;斗争vt. & vi.搏斗;奋斗bay n.海湾beach n.海滨,海滩bean n.豆;豆科植物beancurd n.豆腐bear n.熊beard n.胡须beast n.野兽beauty n.美;美人bed n.床beddings n.寝具;铺盖bedroom n.寝室,卧室bee n.蜜蜂beef n.牛肉beer n.啤酒behalf n.利益,方面behaviour n. (=behavior)行为;举止;习性being n.生物,人;存在belief n.信任;信心;信仰bell n.钟,铃,钟(铃)声,钟形物belly n.腹部belt n.腰带;皮带safety belt安全带bench n.长凳bicycle n.自行车vi.骑自行车bike=bicycle n. =bicycle自行车bill n.帐单,法案,议案,(美)钞票,纸币bingo n.宾果游戏biochemistry n.生物化学biography n. (由他人撰写的)传记;传记文学biology n.生物学bird n.鸟birth n.出生,诞生birthday n.生日birthplace n.出生地;故乡biscuit n.饼干bishop n.主教bit n.一点,一些,少量的blackboard n.黑板blank n.空白adj.空白的;茫然的blanket n.毛毯;毯子block n.街区;块;木块;石块blood n.血,血液blouse n.女衬衫blue n & a.蓝色,蓝色的board n.木板,布告牌,委员会,(政府的)部boat n.小船,小舟body n.身体bomb n.炸弹vt.投弹;轰炸bond n.联系;关系;结合;纽带bone n.骨;骨头bonus n.额外津贴;奖金;红利book n.书,本子boot n.靴子booth n.公用电话间;货摊;售货亭boss n.领班,老板botany n.植物学bottle n.瓶子bottom n.底部,底boundary n.边界;分界线bowl n.碗bowling n.保龄球box n.盒子,箱子boxing n.拳击boy n男孩boycott n.抵制;排斥brain n.脑(子)branch n.枝条;支流;部门brand n.商标;牌子bravery n.勇敢;勇气bread n.面包breakfast n.早餐breakthrough n.突破breast n.胸部;乳房breath n.气息,呼吸brewery n.酿酒厂;啤酒厂brick n.砖;砖块bride n.新娘bridegroom n.新郎bridge n.桥n.摘要;大纲brief adj.简短的;简要的brochure n. (作宣传或介绍用的)小册子;指南broom n.扫帚brother n.兄,弟brown n & a.棕色,棕色的brunch n.早午餐;晚早餐brush v & n.刷,擦,刷子Buddhism n.佛教budget n.预算;开支buffet n.自助餐;饮食柜台building n.建筑物,房屋,大楼bunch n.束;串bungalow n.平房;小屋burden n.担子;负担burglar n.窃贼bus n.公共汽车bush n.灌木(丛);矮树(丛)business n. (本分)工作,职业,职责,生意,交易,事业businessman/woman n.商人butter n.黄油,奶油butterfly n.蝴蝶button n.钮扣;按钮cab n. (= taxi)出租车;计程车cabbage n.卷心菜,洋白菜café n.咖啡馆;小餐馆cafeteria n.自助食堂;自助餐厅cage n.鸟笼;兽槛cake n.蛋糕,糕点,饼camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机,摄象机can n.容器;罐头canal n.运河;水道cancer n.癌candidate n.应试者;候选人;候补者candle n.蜡烛candy n.糖果canteen n.食堂cap n. (无檐的或仅在前面有檐的)帽子,(瓶子的)盖,(钢笔等的)笔套capital n.首都,省会,大写,资本capsule n.太空舱;胶囊captain n. (海军)上校,船长,舰长,队长caption n. (图片上的)说明文字;(电视、电影)字幕;(杂志等文章的)标题;题目car n.汽车,小卧车carbon n.碳card n.卡片,名片,纸牌carpenter n.木匠carpet n.地毯carriage n.运输工具;四轮马车;客车carrier n.携带者;搬运工;运输工具carrot n.胡萝卜cartoon n.漫画;动画片case n.情况;病例;案例cassette n.磁带castle n.城堡cat n.猫catalogue n.目录catastrophe n.大灾难;浩劫category n.种类;类别;范畴cattle n.牛(总称)caution n.小心;谨慎;警告cave n.洞穴;地窖CD=compact disk n.光盘(compact disk的缩写)ceiling n.天花板,顶棚celebration n.庆祝;庆典cell n.细胞;(蜂房的)巢室cent n.美分centimetre (Am ~er) n.厘米(<美>centimeter)centre(Am center) n. (美center)中心,中央century n.世纪,百年ceremony n.典礼;仪式;礼节certificate n.证书chain n.链条;锁链chair n.椅子chairman/woman n. (chairwoman)主席,会长,议长chalk n.粉笔champion n.冠军;优胜者chance n.机会,可能性channel n.频道;[常pl.]渠道;沟渠;海峡,航道chaos n.混乱chapter n. (书中的)章;篇;回character n.性格;特点characteristic n.特征;特性n.费用;主管chart n.图表cheek n.面颊cheese n.奶酪chef n.厨师;主厨chemist n.药剂师;化学家chemistry n.化学cheque (Am check) n.支票chess n.棋chest n.箱子,盒子,胸部chicken n.鸡,肌肉chief adj.主要的;首席的n.首领;长官childhood n.孩童时期;童年chocolate n.巧克力choice n.选择,抉择choir n.合唱团chopsticks n.筷子chorus n.合唱;合唱队Christian n.基督徒;信徒adj.基督教的;信基督教的Christmas n.圣诞节(12月25日) church n.教堂,教会cigar n.雪茄烟cigarette n.香烟;纸烟cinema n.电影院,电影circuit n.环形道路circumstance n.环境;详情;境况circus n.马戏团;马戏表演citizen n.公民;居民;市民city n.市,城市,都市civilian n.平民civilization n.文明;文化;文明社会class n. (学校里的)班,年级,课classic adj.经典的;第一流的n.经典著作classmate n.同班同学classroom n.教室claw n.爪;脚爪clay n.黏土;泥土cleaner n.清洁工人;干洗商clerk n.售货员;职员;旅馆接待员climate n.气候clinic n.门诊部;小诊所clock n.钟a.亲密的,近,靠近cloth n.布clothes n.衣服,各种衣物clothing n.衣服cloud n.云,云状物,阴影club n.俱乐部,纸牌中的梅花coach n.教练,马车,长途车coal n.煤,煤块coast n.海岸coat n.外套,涂层,表皮,皮毛cocoa n.可可粉(茶,树,色)coffee n.咖啡coin n.硬币coincidence n.巧合(的事);(事情、口味、故事等)相合coke n.可口可乐cold a.冷的,寒的n.寒冷,感冒,伤风collar n.衣领colleague n.同事collection n.收藏品;珍藏;收集college n.颜色collision n.碰撞;冲突comedy n.喜剧commitment n.承诺;交托;信奉committee n.委员会communication n.交际,交往,通讯communist n.共产主义者,共产党员a.共产党(主义)的companion n.同伴;伙伴company n.公司compass n.指南针;罗盘;(复数)圆规competence n.能力;胜利;本领competition n.比赛,竞赛component n.成分;组成部分composition n.作文,作曲comprehension n.理解(力)computer n.电子计算机concept n.观念;概念n.担心;关注;(利害)关系concert n.音乐会,演奏会conclusion n.结论;结束condition n.条件,状况conductor n. (公车)售票员;列车员;(乐队)指挥conference n.(正式的)会议,讨论conflict n.矛盾;冲突congratulation n.祝贺;(复数)贺词connection n.连接;关系conscience n.良心;道德心consensus n.共识;共同意见consequence n.结果;后果;影响conservation n.保存;保护consideration n.考虑;体谅constitution n.宪法;章程construction n.建设;建筑物consultant n.顾问;咨询者container n.容器continent n.洲;大陆contrary n.反面;对立面adj.相反的;相违的contribution n.贡献convenience n.便利;方便conversation n.谈话,交谈n.炊事员,厨师cooker n.炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等) cookie n.饼干corn n.谷物,小麦;玉米corner n.角,角落,拐角corporation n.公司;法人;社团a.正确的,对的,恰当的correction n.改正;纠正;修正cottage n.村舍;小屋cotton n.棉花a.棉花的cough n. & v.咳嗽counter n.柜台;计数器country n.国家,农村,乡下countryside n.乡下,农村couple n.夫妇,一对courage n.勇气,胆略course n.过程,经过,课程court n.法庭;法院;朝廷courtyard n.庭院;院子;天井cousin n.堂(表)兄弟、姐妹cow n.母牛,奶牛crayon n.蜡笔,蜡笔画cream n.奶油;面霜creature n.生物;动物credit n.信任;学分;赞扬;信贷crew n. (轮船、飞机等上的)工作人员;(工作)队crime n.罪行;犯罪criminal n.罪犯,犯人a.犯罪的,刑事的criterion (pl criteria) n.标准;尺度crop n.庄稼;农作物;产量crossing n.横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道crossroads n.十字路口cube n.立方体;立方cuisine n.烹饪(风味);菜肴culture n.文化cup n.茶杯cupboard n.橱柜;衣柜currency n.通货,货币;通行,流行curriculum n.课程curtain n.窗帘;门帘;幕布cushion n. (坐;跪时用的)软垫;靠垫;垫子custom n.习惯;风俗customer n.顾客;消费者customs n.海关;关税;进口税cyclist n.骑自行车的人dad = daddy n. (口语)爸爸,爹爹dam n.水坝;堰堤danger n.危险dark n.黑暗,暗处,日暮a.黑暗的,暗淡的,神色的darkness n.黑暗;漆黑data n.资料;数据database n.数据库;基本数据;资料库date n.日期;时期;约会vt.注明日期;约会daughter n.女儿dawn n.黎明;拂晓;破晓day n.(一)天、日,白天deadline n.最后时间;最后期限deal n.量,数额,交易death n.死debt n.债;债务decade n.十年;十年期decision n.决定,决心decoration n.装饰deed n.行动;事迹deer n.鹿defence (Am ~se) n.防卫;辩护degree n.程度,度数,学位n.耽搁;延迟dentist n.牙科医生department (Dept.) n.部门;部;处;系deparure n.出发;离开disability n.伤残;无力;无能dessert n.餐后甜点depth n.深(度);深处description n.描写;描述desert n.沙漠;荒原desk n.书桌,写字台destination n.目的地detective n.侦探development n.发展,发达,发育,开发devotion n.热爱;投入diagram n.图解;图表;示意图dialogue (Am dialog) n.对话diamond n.钻石;菱形diary n.日记,日记簿dictation n.口授;听写(的文字) dictionary n.词典,字典difference n.不同difficulty n.困难,费力dignity n.尊严;高贵的品质dilemma n. (进退两难的)困境;窘境dimension n.维(数);方面;侧面dinner n.正餐,宴会dinosaur n.恐龙dioxide n.二氧化物diploma n.毕业文凭;学位证书direction n.方向,方位director n.所长,处长,主任,董事,导演directory n.电话簿;商行名录disadvantage n.不利条件;不便之处disagreement n.分歧;不一致disaster n.灾难;灾祸discovery n.发现discrimination n.歧视discussion n.讨论,辩论disease n.病,疾病dish n.盘,碟,盘装菜,盘形物disk=disc n.磁盘distance n.距离;远方distinction n.差别;区分;卓著district n.区;区域;行政区division n.分割;划分;分配;分界线document n.文件;证件dog n狗doll n.玩偶,玩具娃娃dollar n.元(美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国货币单位)door n.门dormitory (dorm) n.宿舍double a.两倍的,双的n.两个,双dozen n.十二个,几十,许多Dr=doctor n.医生;博士drawback n.缺点;不利条件drawer n.抽屉drug n.药,药物,毒品drum n.鼓duck n.鸭子dumpling n.饺子dusk n.黄昏;傍晚dustbin n.垃圾箱dynasty n.朝代;王朝duty n.责任,义务DVD n.数码影碟(digital versatile disk)eagle n.鹰ear n.耳朵,耳状物,听力,听觉earth n.地球,土,泥,大地earthquake n.地震east n.东,东方,东部a.东方的,东部的,朝东的,从东方来的ad.在东方,向东方,从东方Easter n.复活节ecology n.生态;生态学edge n.边缘edition n.版(本);版次editor n.编辑education n.教育,培养educator n.教育工作者;教育家effect n.结果;效力effort n.努力,艰难的尝试egg n.蛋,卵eggplant n.茄子elder n.长者,前辈electricity n.电;电流;电学elephant n.象e-mail n.电子邮件v.发电子邮件embassy n.大使馆;大使及其官员emergency n.紧急情况;紧急事件emperor n.皇帝;君主encouragement n.鼓励;奖励ending n.结局;结尾enemy n.敌人,敌军energy n.精力,能量engine n.引擎;发动机engineer n.工程师,技师enough n.足够,充足a.足够的,充分的ad.足够地,充分地enquiry n. (=inquiry)询问;探究enterprise n.事业;事业心entertainment n.款待;娱乐;娱乐表演entrance n.入口entry n.项目;进入;入口envelope n.信封environment n.娱乐equality n.同等;平等equipment n.设备;装备eraser n.橡皮擦,黑板擦error n.错误;过失;谬误essay n.文章;散文Europe n.欧洲European a.欧洲的,欧洲人的n.欧洲人evening n.傍晚,晚上event n.事件;大事evidence n.根据;证据evolution n.演变;进化exam=examination n.考试,测试,检查,审查example n.例子,榜样expert adj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的n.专家;行家explanation n.解释;讲解;说明xperience n.经验,经历eexperiment n.实验exhibition n.展览;陈列;展览会existence n.生存;存在exit n.出口;离开;退场expectation n.预料;期待;期望expense n.费用;代价eye n.眼睛eyesight n.视力expression n.词语;表示;表达extension n.电话分机;扩大;延伸fact n.事实,现实factory n.工厂failure n.失败(者)fair n.游乐场,集市;博览会faith n.信任;信念;信仰;忠实family n.家庭,家族,子女fan n. (电影、运动等的)迷,热心的爱好者(支持者)fantasy n.幻想;怪念头fare n.费用farm n.农场,农庄farmer n.农民father n.父亲fault n.过错;缺点;故障favourite a. (Am favorite)喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人或物fear n.害怕,恐惧,担忧feast n.节日;盛宴feather n.羽毛fee n.费(会费;学费等);酬金feeling n.感情,感觉fibre (Am fiber) n.纤维;纤维制品fellow adj.同伴的;同类的n.同伴;同志;伙伴female adj.女性的;雌性的n.雌性的动(植)物;女人fence n.栅栏;篱笆;围墙festival n.节日fever n.发烧,发热fiction n.小说;虚构或想象出来的事field n.田地,牧场,场地figure n.画像;身材;数字film n.电影,影片,胶卷finance n.金融;财经finger n.手指fingernail n.手指甲fire n.火,火炉,火灾fireworks n.烟火(燃放)firm n.公司adj.结实的;坚固的;坚定的fisherman n.渔民,钓鱼健身者fist n.拳头flag n.旗,标志,旗舰flame n.火焰;光芒;热情flashlight n.闪光信号灯;手电筒;闪光灯flat a.平的;统一的;单调的n.公寓套房ad.平地flat n.楼中一套房间,公寓(常用复数) flesh n.肉;肌肉;肉体flight n.飞行;航班flood n.洪水;水灾floor n.地面,地板,(楼房的)层flour n.面粉flower n.花flu n.流行性感冒fluency n.流利;流畅fly n.飞行,苍蝇fog n.雾food n.食物,食品football n. (英式)足球,(美式)橄榄球forehead n.额头foreigner n.外国人forest n.森林fork n.叉,餐叉form n.表格,形式,结构vt. (使)组成;形成;构成format n.设计;安排fortnight n.两个星期fortune n.机会;运气;大笔的钱fox n.狐狸framework n.框架;结构franc n.法郎freedom n.自由;自主freeway n.高速公路friction n.摩擦;矛盾;冲突fridge=refrigerator n.冰箱friend n.朋友friendship n.友谊,友情frog n.青蛙front a.前面的,前部的n.前面,前部,前线frontier n.国界;边疆;边境frost n.霜;霜冻fruit n.水果,果实fuel n.燃料fun n.有趣的事,娱乐,玩笑function n.功能;作用;职责;职能funeral n.葬礼;丧礼fur n.毛皮;毛;软毛furniture n. (总称)家具future n.将来gallery n.美术陈列室;画廊gallon n.加仑(容量单位)game n.游戏,运动,比赛garage n.车库;汽车修理行garbage n.垃圾,废物,食物残渣garden n.花园,果园,菜园garlic n.大蒜garment n. (一件)衣服(外套、裙、袍等)(pl)服装gas n.汽油;气体;煤气;毒气gate n.大门generation n.一代;一辈gentleman n.绅士,先生,有身份、有教养的人geography n.地理学geometry n.几何学gift n.赠品,礼物giraffe n.长颈鹿girl n.女孩glass n.玻璃杯,玻璃,(复)眼镜globe n.球体;地球仪;地球glory n.光荣;荣誉glove n.手套goal n.目标;目的;球门;(进球)得分goat n.山羊god n.神,(大写)上帝gold n & a黄金;金的,黄金的golden a.金(黄)色的golf n.高尔夫球运动goods n.货物government n.政府grade n.等级;年级,成绩,分数graduation n.毕业;毕业典礼grain n.谷物;粮食;颗粒gram n.克grammar n.语法grandchild n.(外)孙或孙女,孙辈granddaughter n. (外)孙女grandma=grandmother n.奶奶,外婆grandpa=grandfather n.爷爷,外公grandparents n.祖父母,外祖父母grandson n. (外)孙子granny n.老奶奶,祖母,外婆grape n.葡萄graph n.图表;坐标图;曲线图grass n.草,草场,牧草gravity n.万有引力;重力green a & n.绿色的,青的greengrocer n.果蔬商(pl)蔬菜水果店greeting n.祝贺grey (Am gray) adj. & n.灰色(的)grill n.烤架;大平底锅vt.烧烤;炙烤grocer n.食品杂货商grocery n.食品杂货店ground n.地面group n.组,群growth n.成长;生长guard n.防护装置guest n.客人,宾客guidance n.指导;领导guitar n.吉他,六弦琴gun n.枪,炮gym=gymnasium n. =gymnasium体操,体育馆,健身房gymnastics n.体操;体能训练habit n.习惯,习性hair n.头发haircut n.发型;理发half a & n.半,一半,半个hall n.大厅,会堂,礼堂,过道ham n.火腿hamburger n.汉堡包hammer n.铁锤;锤子hand n.手,指针handbag n.女用包,手提包handful n.一把;少量handkerchief n.手帕;手绢;纸巾handwriting n.书法happiness n.幸福;快乐harbour (Am harbor) n. (= harbor)海港hardship n.苦难;困苦harmony n.和谐;融洽hat n.帽子(一般指有边沿的),礼帽head n.头,头脑(像),才智,首脑,源头,标题headache n.头疼headline n.报刊的大字标题headmaster/mistress n. (中小学)校长health n.健康,卫生hearing n.听力;听觉heart n.心,心脏,纸牌中的红桃heat n.热heaven n.天,天空heel n.脚后跟;踵height n.高,高度helicopter n.直升机helmet n.头盔hen n.母鸡herb n.药草,(调味用的)香草,草本植物hero n.英雄,勇士,男主角highway n.公路;大路;(美)高速公路hill n.小山,丘陵,土堆,斜坡history n.历史,历史学hobby n.业余爱好,嗜好hole n.洞,坑holiday n.假日,假期home n & ad.家;到家,回家homeland n.祖国;本国hometown n.故乡homework n.家庭作业honey n.蜜;蜂蜜horse n.马hospital n.医院hostess n.女主人hotdog n.热狗hotel n.旅馆,饭店,宾馆hour n.小时house n.房子,住宅housewife n.家庭主妇housework n.家务劳动human a & n.人的,人类的human being n.人,人类humour (Am humor) n.幽默;滑稽hunger n.饥饿;欲望hunter n.狩猎者;猎人hurricane n.飓风;风暴husband n.丈夫hydrogen n.氢ice n.冰ice-cream n.冰淇淋idea n.主意,意见,打算,想法identification n.鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明identity n.本身;本体;身份idiom n.习语;成语illness n.疾病immigration n.移民;移居入境importance n.重要(性)impression n.印象;感想;印记inch n.英寸incident n.事件;事变income n.收入independence n.独立;自主industry n.工业,产业influence n.影响information n.信息injury n.损伤;伤害ink n.墨水,油墨inn n.客栈insect n.昆虫instant n.瞬间;片刻adj.立即的;立刻的institute n.学会;学院;协会institution n.制度;机制;公共机构instruction n.说明,须知,教导instrument n.工具;器械;乐器insurance n.保险intelligence n.智力;聪明;智能intention n.打算,意图interest n.兴趣,趣味,利息international n.国际的Internet n.互联网interpreter n.作口译的人interview n & v.采访,会见,面试island n.岛i ntroduction n.引进,介绍invention n.发明,创造invitation n.邀请;招待irrigation n.灌溉jacket n.短上衣,夹克jam n.堵塞;阻塞;果酱jar n.罐;广口瓶jaw n.颚;颌;下巴jazz n.爵士音乐jeans n.牛仔裤jeep n.吉普车jet n.喷气式飞机jewellery n.珠宝;宝石job n. (一份)工作journalist n.记者;新闻工作者journey n.旅行;旅程joy n.欢乐,高兴,乐趣judgment n.看法;判决;判断juice n.汁,液jungle n.丛林junior adj.较年幼的;资历较浅的;地位较低的n.年少者;晚辈;等级较低者justice n.公正;公平kangaroo n.袋鼠kettle n. (水)壶;罐key n.钥匙,答案,键,关键keyboard n.键盘kid n.小孩kilo=kilogram n.千克,千米kilogram n.千克,公斤kilometre n. (AM kilometer)千米(公里)kind n种,类kindergarten n.幼儿园kindness n.仁慈;好意king n.国王kingdom n.王国kiss n & v吻,亲吻kitchen n厨房kite n风筝knee n膝盖knife (pl knives) n (pl. knives)小刀,匕首,刀片knowledge n知识,学问lab=laboratory n.实验室labour (Am labor) n劳动lady n女士,夫人lake n湖lamb n羔羊lamp n灯,油灯,光源language n.语言lantern n.灯笼;提灯lap n.跑道的一圈;重叠部分;(人坐着时)大腿的上方laughter n.笑;笑声laundry n.洗衣店;洗衣房;(待洗的或洗好的)衣服law n.法律,法令,定律lawyer n.律师leader n.领袖,领导人leaf (pl leaves) n.树,菜)叶league n.同盟;联盟;联合会least n.最少,最少量leather n.皮革lecture n. & vi.演讲;讲课leg n.腿,腿脚,支柱lemon n.柠檬lemonade n.柠檬水length n.长度;长lesson n.课,功课,教训letter n.信,字母level n.水平线,水平liberation n.解放liberty n.自由librarian n.图书馆馆长;图书馆管理员library n.图书馆,图书室license n.执照,许可证lid n.盖,盖子life (pl lives) n.生命,生涯,生活,人生,生物lightning n.闪电line n.绳索,线,排,行,线路link n.环节,联系,纽带lion n.狮子lip n.一片嘴唇;(容器或洞的)边;口liquid n.液体literature n.文学(作品);著作;文献litre ( Am liter) n. (=liter)升load n.负担;负荷物(尤指沉重的)loaf n.一条(面包)lorry n. <英>卡车(=<美>truck)loss n.损失;遗失;丧失lot n.许多,好些lounge n.起居室;休息室luck n运气,好运luggage n.行李(<美>baggage)lunch n.午餐,午饭lung n.肺machine n.机器man (pl men) n. (pl. men)成年男人,人,人类manager n.经理mankind n.人类manner n.礼貌;举止;方式many pron.许多(人或事物)a.许多的map n.地图maple n.枫;枫树marathon n.马拉松赛跑marble n.大理石mark n & v.标记,注明,作记号于market n.市场,集市marriage n.结婚,婚姻mask n.面具;面罩;伪装mass n.质量;团;块;大量;<复>群众mat n.席子;垫子material n.原料;材料math/maths n. = mathematics数学majority n.大多数;大半make n.品牌,类型mainland n.大陆,本土madam/madame n.夫人,女士magazine n.杂志maid n.少女;女仆mail n.邮政,邮递,邮寄mailbox n. <美>邮筒;信箱maximum n. & adj.最大量(的);最大限度(的);极大(的)meal n.一餐(饭)meaning n.意思,含义means n.手段;方法measure vi. & vt.测量;衡量;判定n.计量制;计量单位;措施meat n. (猪、牛、羊等的)肉medal n.奖章;勋章;纪念章media n.新闻媒介,传播媒介medicine n.药medium n. (pl media)媒介;手段;工具meeting n.会,集会,会见,汇合点melon n. (各种)瓜member n.成员,会员memorial n.纪念物;纪念碑memory n.回忆,记忆menu n.菜单merchant n.商人mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;怜悯mess n.脏或乱的状态message n.消息metal n & a.金属,金属制成的method n.方法,办法metre (Am. meter) n. (Am meter)米,公尺microscope n.显微镜microwave n.微波炉;微波middle n.中间,当中,中级的midnight n.午夜;子夜mile n.英里milk n.牛奶millionaire n.百万富翁;富豪mine n.矿;矿山;矿井mineral n.矿物;矿石minibus n.小型公共汽车minimum n.最低限度;最少量;最小数minister n.大臣;部长ministry n. (政府的)部;(全体)牧师;牧师的职责minority n.少数;少数民族minute n.分钟,一会儿,瞬间mirror n.镜子miss n.小姐missile n.导弹,飞弹;投射物mist n.薄雾mixture n.混合(物);混合状态model n.模型,原形,范例,模范mom=mum n.妈妈moment n.片刻mommy=mummy n.妈咪money n.钱monitor n.班长,纠察生,监视器monkey n.猴子month n.月,月份monument n.纪念碑moon n.月亮more a, ad & n.另外的,附加的,较多的morning n.早晨,上午Moslem n.回教徒,穆罕默德信徒adj.回教徒的,回教的mosquito n.蚊子mother n.母亲motherland n.祖国motivation n.动机motor n.发动机motorcycle n.摩托车motto n.座右铭;格言;警句mountain n.山,山脉mouse ( pl mice) n.鼠,鼠标,耗子moustache n.小胡子mouth n.嘴,口movement n.移动;运动;动作movie n.电影Mr. (mister) n. (mister)先生(用于姓名前)Mrs. (mistress) n. (mistress)夫人,太太(称呼已婚妇女)Ms. n.女士(用在婚姻状况不明的女子姓名前)mud n.泥(浆)museum n.博物馆,博物院mushroom n.蘑菇music n.音乐,乐曲musical adj.音乐的;喜爱音乐的n.音乐喜剧musician n.音乐家mustard n.芥末mutton n.羊肉nail n.指甲;钉子name n.名字,姓名,名称nation n.民族;国家;国民nationality n.国籍native adj.本国的;本地的n.本地人;本国人nature n.自然,性质,种类navy n.海军;海军部队neck n.颈,脖子necklace n.项链needle n.针;(注射器的)针头neighbour n. (Am neighbor)邻居,邻人neighbourhood n.附近;邻近nephew n.侄子;外甥nest n.巢;窝net n.网;网状物;网络network n.网络;网状物news n.新闻,消息newspaper n.报纸niece n.侄女;甥女night n.夜,夜间noble adj.高尚的;贵族的n.贵族nobody n.渺小人物pron.没有人,谁也不noise n.声音,噪声,喧闹声noisy n.吵闹的;嘈杂的noodle n.面条noon n.中午,正午nose n.鼻子notebook n.笔记簿novel n.小说;长篇故事adj.新奇的;异常的novelist n.小说家number n.数,数字,号码,数量nurse n.护士,保育员nursery n.托儿所nut n.坚果;果仁nutrition n.营养;滋养;食物object n.物,物体,宾语occupation n.工作;职业;占领ocean n.海洋Oceania n.大洋洲offence n.冒犯;违法行为office n.办公室officer n.军官,公务员,官员,警察,警官offence n.冒犯;违法行为office n.办公室officer n.军官,公务员,官员,警察,警官oil n.油oilfield n.油田once n, ad.一次,一度,从前onion n.洋葱opening n. (出入的)通路;开口;开端opera n.歌剧;歌剧团;歌剧院operation n.手术,操作operator n. (电脑)操作员;接线员opinion n.意见;看法;主张orange n.橘子,橙子,橘汁a.橘色的,橙色的orbit n. (天体、人造卫星的)轨道organ n.器官origin n.起源;由来;起因outcome n.结果;效果outing n.外出;短途旅行;远足outline n.要点;大纲;轮廓output n.产量;输出outside n.外面overcoat n.大衣owner n.物主,所有人ownership n.所有权;物主身份ox (pl oxen) n.公牛oxygen n.氧P. E. n. =physical education体育P.C. n. =personal computer个人电脑package n. (尤指包装好或密封的容器)一包packet n.小包;小盒page n.页,页码pain n.疼痛;痛苦paint n.油漆painter n.画家;油漆匠painting n.绘画;画pair n.一双,一对palace n.宫,宫殿pan n.平底锅;盘子pancake n.薄煎饼panda n.熊猫paper n.纸,报纸paperwork n.文书工作paragraph n.段落parcel n.小包;包裹pardon n.原谅,宽恕,对不起parent n. (父)母,双亲park n.公园parking n. (汽车等)停放parrot n.鹦鹉part n.部分,成分,角色,部件,零件partner n.伙伴;合作者;合伙人party n.聚会,晚会,党派passage n. (文章的)一节,一段,通道,走廊passenger n.乘客,旅客passer-by n.过路人;行人passport n.护照patent n.专利证书;专利权path n.小道,小径patience n.耐性;忍耐past n.过去,昔日,往事patient n.病人pattern n.模式;式样;图案pavement n.人行道(= <美> sidewalk)pea n.豌豆peace n.和平peach n.桃子pear n.梨子,梨树pedestrian n.步行者pen n.钢笔,笔pence n. penny的复数pencil n.铅笔penny n. (英)便士,美分pension n.养老金;退休金people n.人,人们,人民pepper n.辣椒;辣椒粉percent n.百分之……percentage n.百分比;百分率performance n.表演;演奏performer n.表演者;演出者perfume n.香水;香味period n.时期,时代permission n.许可;允许person n.人personnel n.人力资源;人事部;全体人员pest n.害虫;害兽;害鸟pet n.宠物petrol n.花瓣photon. =photograph照片photographer n.摄影师phrase n.短语;词组;惯用语physician n.医生;内科医师physicist n.物理学家physics n.物理(学)pianist n.钢琴家;钢琴演奏者piano n.钢琴picnic n.野餐picture n.图片,画片,照片pie n.甜馅饼piece n.一块(张,片,件……)pig n.猪pill n.药丸;药片pillow n.枕头;枕垫pilot n .飞行员pine n.松树pineapple n.菠萝ping-pong n.乒乓球pink n & a.粉红色的pint n.品脱(=0.5夸脱;英制液量0.568升;美制液量0.473升)pioneer n.先锋,开拓者pipe n.管;导管pity n.怜悯,同情n.平原,草原,(计)无格式plane n.飞机planet n.行星plastic n & a.塑料的plate n.板,片,牌,盘子,盆子platform n.台;平台;讲台;(火车站的)月台playground n.操场,运动场pleasure n.高兴,愉快plenty n.充足,大量plot n.情节;阴谋plug n.电pocket n. (衣服的)口袋poem n.诗poet n.诗人插头;插销pole n.地极;电极;磁极police n.警察,警务人员policy n.政策,方针politician n.政治家,政客politics n.政治(学)pollution n.污染;弄脏pond n.池塘pool n.水塘,水池popcorn n.爆玉米花,炒苞米population n.人口,人数pork n.猪肉porridge n.粥;麦片粥port n.港口(城市)porter n.守门人;行李搬运工position n.位置possession n. (尤作复数)所有;财产possibility n.可能(性)postage n.邮资postcard n.明信片postcode n.邮政编码;邮编poster n.海报;招贴postman (pl postmen) n.邮递员pot n.罐;壶potato n.土豆,马铃薯potential n.潜在性;可能性;潜能adj.可能的;潜在的pound n.磅,英镑powder n.粉末;火药power n.能力;力量;权力practice n.练习prayer n.祈祷preference n.偏爱;优先选择prejudice n.偏见;成见preparation n.准备;预备prescription n.药方;处方药present n.礼物,赠品presentation n.显示;演出n.保护区president n.总统,主席press n.按;压;印刷;新闻pressure n.压力;挤压;压迫(感)price n.价格,价钱pride n.自豪principle n.法则;原则;原理prison n.监狱prisoner n.囚犯privilege n.特权;特别优待prize n.奖赏,奖品problem n.问题,难题procedure n.程序;步骤;手续product n.产品production n.生产;制造profession n.职业;专业professor n.教授profit n.收益;利润;盈利project n.项目;工程;规划pronunciation n.发音protection n.保护province n.省;行政区psychology n.心理(学)pub n.酒馆;酒吧public a & n.公共的,公众的;公punctuation n.标点符号punishment n.处罚;惩罚pupil n.小学生purpose n.目的,意图purse n.钱包pyramid n.金字塔purple a & n.紫色的,紫色quiz n.测验;问答比赛quilt n.被褥;被子quake n.地震qualification n.资格;资历quality n.质量;品质;性质quantity n.量;数量quarter n.四分之一queen n.皇后,女王question n.问题questionnaire n.问卷;调查表rabbit n.兔,家兔radiation n.辐射;射线radio n.无线电,收音机radium n.镭rag n.破布;碎布rail n.铁路;扶手;(护栏的)横条railway n.铁路,铁道rainbow n.彩虹raincoat n.雨衣rainfall n.降雨;降雨量range n.种类;范围rank n.等级;军阶;军衔rat n.老鼠rate n.比率;速度ray n.光线;射线razor n.剃刀;剃须刀reading n.读;朗诵(会);读物;读数reality n.真实;事实;现实reason n.原因,理由receipt n.接受;收到;收据;收条receiver n.接受者;接收器;电话听筒reception n.接待;招待会;接收receptionist n.接待员;招待员recipe n.菜谱recorder n.录音机recreation n.娱乐;消遣rectangle n.矩形;长方形red a & n.红色的;红色referee n.裁判员;仲裁者reference n.参考n.改革;改造;改良refresh n.使(精神)振作;使恢复;更新refrigerator n.冰箱regulation n.规则;规章;法规relation n.关系,亲属relationship n.关系;血缘关系;交往relative n.亲戚;亲属relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物religion n.宗教;宗教信仰representative n.代表;典型人物adj.典型的;有代表性的republic n.共和国;共和政体reputation n.名声;名誉requirement n.需要;要求research n.研究,调查reservation n.保留;预定reserve n.保护区responsibility n.责任;职责restaurant n.饭馆,饭店restriction n.限制;约束result n.结果,效果retell n.重讲,重复,复述revision n.复查;修正;复习revolution n.革命rice n.稻米,米饭riddle n.谜语n.电话,铃声;环形物(如戒指等) river n.江,河,水道,巨流road n.路,道路robot n.机器人rock n.岩石,大石头rocket n.火箭role n.角色n.摇晃;卷;卷形物;面包圈roof n.屋顶;车顶room n.房间,室,空间;地方rooster n.雄禽;公鸡root n.根;根源rope n .绳,索rose n.玫瑰花routine n.常规;日常事务row n. (一)排,行rubber n.橡胶,合成橡胶rubbish n.垃圾,废物rugby n.橄榄球ruler n.统治者,直尺sacrifice n.牺牲;献身;祭品sadness n.悲哀;悲伤safe a & n.安全的;保险柜safety n.安全,保险sailor n.水手;海员;船员salad n.色拉(西餐中的一种凉拌菜) salary n.薪水sale n.买,出售salesgirl n.女售货员salesman/woman n.售货员,推销员salt n.盐same n & a.同样的事;同样的,同一的。
glossary词根
glossary词根1. 单词概述单词:“Amicable”含义:这个词的意思是“友好的、和睦的”,通常用来形容人与人之间、团体与团体之间的关系。
比如在描述邻居间相处融洽,或者两个国家之间保持和平友好的外交关系时,就可以用到这个词。
2. 词根词缀解析词根:“Amic -”:来源于拉丁语,表示“朋友”的意思。
在很多英语单词里,带有这个词根的词往往都和友谊、友好有关。
3. 应用短文与场景应用短文1:I was at thismunity gathering last weekend. There were all kinds of people there, from young kids running around like little balls of energy to old folks sitting and chatting away. Well, I noticed two families in particular. The Johnsons and the Smiths. They were like two peas in a pod when it came to being amicable. They shared food, they laughed at each other's jokes, and they even planned a joint vacation together! I mean, how cool is that? It was like they were long - lost friends who had just found each other again. It made me think, if everyone could be as amicable as they were, the world would be such a wonderful place. No more bickering or fighting over silly things. Just pure friendship and harmony everywhere.中文翻译:上周末我参加了一个社区聚会。
生物专业英语lessoninsidethelivingcell
9.
A plastid in which photosynthesis is carried out. Chloroplasts occur in all photosynthetic organisms except photosynthetic bacteria and blue-green algae.
19. n.吞噬作用
20.
21.
n.质体,成形粒
质体是植物细胞中 由双层膜包裹的一 类细胞器的总称,可 分为白色体、有色 体和叶绿体.
22.
23.
24. n.子座;基质
25.
26.
27. endoplasmic reticulum
n. 内质网
The endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in the biosynthesis, processing, and transport of proteins and lipids.
6. cytoplasm n.胞质
7. centriole
n. 中心粒
An organelle located close to the nucleus in most animal and lower plant cells but absent from prokaryotes and higher plants.
28. nuclear envelope
n. 核膜,核被膜
29. Golgi complex
n. 高尔基复合体
30. basal body n. 基体
纤毛和鞭毛的微管组织中心
s and phrases:
Actin centriole chemotaxis chloroplast chromosome cilia cytoplasm cytoskeleton dynein flagella lysosome microfilament microtubule mitochondrion
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1 A 加速折旧法(accelerated method of depreciation)——加速折旧法于固定资产的折旧。使用这种方法,成本更多地分摊于前期。其实例包括双倍余额递减法和年数总额法。因为这类方法在固定资产有效使用年限的前期确认更多的折旧,所以被认为是谨慎性方法。
会计等式(accounting equation)——会计等式是四张财务报表的基础。它是一种数学等式显示一公司的资产的货币价值等于其负债与所有者权益的货币价值之和。资产负债表就是这种等式的一种综述与体现。各种交易必须反映这些会计等式的平衡,才能得以记载于财政报表之上。
会计期间(accounting period)——一个会计期间是介于两份财务报表的编制阶段之间的时期。一般来说,报表会按月、按季、按半年或按年编制。很多公司选择按公历年编制报表,但由于季节的差异,一些公司选择按365天为一个周期来编制报表,这被称为财政年度。
应付账款(account payable)——应付账款是由于供应商提供商品、供给品或劳务而发生的账上欠款数量。这种负债发生于公司及其供给商之间频繁的交易,且这些交易一般不属于特殊的、正规的合同。这些负债的出现是商品、供给或服务的接受与其对应的支付之间的时间差的现实结果。一般来说,应付账款属于资产负债表中的流动负债。
应付账款周转(account payable turnover)——购买成本/平均应付账款。应付账款周转用于衡量支付给供应商的应付账款的平均速度。在一个给定的时期内,它反映了供应商的账户周转次数。把这个比率除以365则得到一个另一个定义,反映一个应付账户须被支付的平均天数。
应收账款(account receivable)——应收账款属于资产负债表中的账户,反映顾客因购买而在账上形成的欠债货币数量。当收入在取得相关现金支付之前得到确认,应收账款账户增加。应收账款一般被置于流动资产当中,对于许多公司这一项相对较大。
应收账款周转(account receivable turnover)——也称为净赊销值/平均应收账款。应收账款周转反映了在一个给定的时期内,公司应收账款的记录与收款次数。通常把这个比率除以365天,反映资金的平均拖欠天数,通常也反映了资金的回收期长短。
权责发生制会计(accrual accounting)——因经营行为引起的资产或负债的取得或划销,导致收入与费用的确认,这一会计过程须以权责发生制为基础。权责发生制会计与现金流量制会计不同,后者是现金流量表的基础,主要是反映现金的流入与流出。如收入利润表之类的以权责发生制为基础的报表,主要衡量的是公司的盈利能力。
应计项目(accruals)——应计项目是一些会计条目,其设置主要用以确认由当期经营活动引起的资产与负债的取得与划销,在当期的会计报表上确认收入与费用。由于在收入利润表上的确认时间与相关的现金流量表的确认时间不一致,因此必须在资产负债表上列出应收与应付账户。通常的例子有应付款项、坏账、担保及递延收益等。
应付款项(accrual payables)——应付款项属于资产负债表里的负债项,由于它随着时间的不同而不断增加,所以应付款项必须在每期末确认。由于应付款项一般用于支付资产负债表 2
中的流动资产,因而它被归于流动负债当中。应付款项通常包括由工资、薪金、利息、担保或税收而引起的相关负债。
累计折旧(accumulated depreciation)——累计折旧是资产负债表中的一个反资产账户,用以反映报表中的固定资产之前已经确认的全部折旧货币总数。
作业方法(activity method)——作业方法是固定资产折旧或自然性资料损耗的一种方法。它在长期资产的作业量基础上,把费用分配于将来的时期。该方法大多运用于采矿业、石油业和汽油业这些有权力去采掘自然资源的工业的费用损耗方面。使用作业方法估计出的折旧额,是根据作业单位的不同而不是根据年数来反映的(例如驾驶的英里数、生产的个数、开采的桶数),如果使用一般的折旧方法则是根据年数来反映(例如直线折旧法、双倍余额递减法和年数总额法)。
作业比率(activity ratios)——作业比率衡量资产或应付账户在经营中的变动速度。它包括对周转数字的计算,周转显示了在一个给定的时期内资产获得、处理或置换的次数。把该周转数除以365,则得到一个资产在资产负债表中营运的平均天数。一般来说,应收账户、存货、固定资产、全资产和应付账户会计算周转数。
精算师(actuary)——精算师其实也是一名统计师,主要计算不同可选项目下带来的各种风险。这些项目包括保险费的确定、养老与健康基金的确定,及其它含有评估未来人口统计趋势的项目。
资本公积(additional paid-in capital)——资本公积包括在资产负债表中的所有者权益部分,它反映了所有者投入资本超过公司发行的普通股与优先股的每股面值的部分。同时,它也是发行股票息、股票期权和库存股票的结果。
账龄分析表(aging schedule)——账龄分析法是一种用以评估与分析未收取的应收账款的方法,它在每一个账户拖欠时间长短不同的基础上区分不同的账户种类。假设账款拖欠的时间越长,发生坏账的可能性就越大,每一种类乘以不同的坏账比率。这种方法主要用于对未回收的应收账款的管理上。
备抵法(allowance method)——备抵法是在公认会计原则之下推荐采用的方法,主要用于应收未收账户和销售退回,而这两种账户都直接影响应收账户的账面价值。备抵法包括衡量在每会计报告期期末应收未收账户与销售收入的数量,在此基础上,确认减少利润和一个资产账户的对销账户,即“应收未收账款准备”。
摊销(amortization)——摊销是一种递延费用(例如预付费用、固定资产、债券先扣利息、递延资产和无形资产)在其使用年限中的系统性分配。摊销一般用于无形资产的费用和所得的分配,对于预付费用和长期应收应付账户,只摊销其所得。折旧则是对于固定资产的一种摊销,损耗则是对自然性资料的摊销。
分析性复核(analytic review)——分析性复核是财务报表分析的重要部分,主要针对财务报表中的各项是否偏离预期的水平,并试图解释这种偏离出现的原因。它包括通过分析普通规模财务报表以确认相关账户历年的变动幅度,同时,还通过比较这些变化以推断出下一步 3
管理行动。 年报(annual report)——年报是一家公司每年印制并公开的文件,包括财务报表,对公司及其营运情况的描述,审计报告,管理建议信及包括一些附表其它财务或非财务信息的财务报表附注。
年金(annuity)——年金是一种随时间过去而产生的定期等额现金流。债券利息支付、租赁费用支付和保险费的支付是年金的最佳例子。
留存收益分配(appropriation of retained earnings)——指的是使留存收益账户中的一部分不能用于股息的支付这一分配行为。这些不能用于支付的限制可以是契约规定而形成或者自愿地产生,以确保在将来一些特定目的现金使用。
资产(asset)——资产是列于资产负债表中左栏的一项,它由公司在客观存在的可衡量的交易中取得,并具有未来经济收益,包括额外购买能力、变现能力和产生收益的能力。
资产折旧范围(asset depreciation range)——资产折旧范围包括由国家税务部出版的政策方针中的各项,里面对不同种类的长期资产的最短使用年限与最大折旧率都作出了规定。这些使用年限在计算应税收入的固定资产折旧时使用。
资产清理(asset impairment)——当一项资产的价值被认永久减少的时候就需要进行资产清理。参看“资产报废”和“重组成本”。
资产组合,资产混合(asset mix)——资产组合是由资产负债表中列出的资产在一个给定的日期内形成的组合。例如,一定比例的流动资产、长期投资、固定资产、无形资产可以组成一个公司的资产组合。通过对公司普通规模财务报表的分析可以确定资产组合的变化。
资产报废(asset retirement)——资产报废指的是固定资产无法继续使用。 资产周转率(asset turnover)——销售额/平均资产总值。资产周转率衡量一家公司运用其资产生产出产品发生销售的频率。高比率的资产周转率反映了公司用相对少的资产生产出较多的销售额。
审计(audit)——审计是一种由与公司没有财务利益关系的个人或实体执行的检查,该检查用以确定公司的财务报表是否真实地反映了公司的财务状况,同时检查报表中采用的标准是否与会计准则接受的标准相一致。审计的结果以审计报告或建议信的形式,签署审计者的名字,以清楚显示该审计者的能力范围与结论。
审计委员会(audit committee)——审计委员会是公司董事会的一个分委员会,全部由非管理层的董事所组成。它与管理层一起为公司选择客观的审计人员,并监督审计人员在完整的、客观的、独立的情况下进行审计工作。
审计意见(audit opinion)——参看“审计报告”。 4
审计报告(audit report)——审计报告是一份由客观的审计人员书写及签名的报告,它显示了一家公司的财力报表上的数据是否真实反映该公司的财务运作行为与财务状况,并且反映其真实度在多大。
授权股本,注册股份(authorized shares)——注册股份指的是一家公司根据其公司章程被允许发行的股份总数,而这份章程正常情况下是经公司注册所在的州政府授权的。额外的授权必须是经董事会同意通过,并且一般经过所有者投票的。无论是优先股还是普通股,都必须经过这种授权才能得以发行。
短期投资(available-for-sale securities)——短期投资指的是那些适用于销售但又不被认为是商业性证券或债券,且数目相对较小的投资(小于已公开发售的有表决权的股票的20%)。
短期投资具有很高的可交易性,不过其持有不是以短期内买卖为目的。它们可以根据管理者的意愿,列于流动资产或非流动资产当中,同时它们还可以根据市场公允价值列于报表之上。
平均化假设(averaging assumption)——除了先进先出、后进先出法之外,还有平均化假设也是三个最常用的存货成本假设之一。采用平均化假设方法,售出商品与期末存货的成本由售出商品与期末存货的加权平均成本确定。
B 坏账(bad debts)——参看“呆账”。
资产负债表(balance sheet)——资产负债表是财务报表的一种,及时地显示了某一给定时点上公司的财务状况。它包括资产、负债和所有者权益,反映了基础会计等式的平衡状况。资产与负债根据其流动性分为流动的和非流动的,通过对资产与负债的比较可以得到一种信息,以确定当负债到期之时该公司的偿债能力。