初中英语被动语态讲解
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初中英语被动语态讲解
被动语态
一、考点、热点回顾
【词汇辨析】
1、across, through 穿过
across
过桥梁等。eg: They walk across the pidge、他们步行走过了这座桥。
through
eg: He walks through the park、他步行穿过公园。
2、 ill,sick―生病的‖。
ill只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed、sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was sick in bed、
也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother、
若ill作定语,译为―坏的,恶劣的‖
eg: an ill person一个坏人
sick作表语时也常译为―恶心的,想吐的―
eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car、
【固定搭配】
动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
make room for给、、、、、腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table、
play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧eg: We can’t play a joke on law、
speak highly of称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service、
say good bye to告别;告辞eg: I don”t want to say good bye to them、
take an active part in积极参加 eg: They take an
active part in school activities、
take care of照顾;照料;注意 eg: Could you take care of my plants while I”m on vacation?
【被动语态】
语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese、
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。主
语和谓语是被动关系。
例如:Chinese is spoken by many people、主语Chinese 是动词speak的承受者。
被动语态的构成
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken
一般过去时:was/were+spoken
一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken
现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken
过去进行时:was/were being+spoken
现在完成时:have/has been+spoken
过去完成时:had been + spoken
被动语态的用法
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new puters were stolen last night、一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。T his pidge was founded in19
81、这座桥竣工于1981年。
强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was poken by Mike、玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him、这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time、你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
主动语态变被动语态的方法
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
把谓语变成被动结构。
把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All the people laughed at him、→ He was laughed at by all people、
They make the bikes in the factory、→ T he bikes are made by them in the factory、
He cut down a tree、→ A tree was cut down by him、
含有情态动词的被动语态
We can repair this watch in two days、
→This watch can be repaired in two days、
They should do it at once、
→It should be done at once、
特殊情况
made the boy work for two hours yesterday、
→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday、
never lets me watch TV 、
→I am never let to watch TV by mother、
gave Peter a Christmas present just now、