英语被动语态讲解及习题

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

Many people speak English．（主动语态）

English is spoken by many people．（被动语态）

1．被动语态的构成

由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。

注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如：

My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。）

The door is open．（门开了。）

2．主动语态改被动语态的方法

1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。

2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）

Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）

3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：

They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．

4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：

We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．

He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．

They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．

5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：

We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．

6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：

People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）

3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法：

被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：

History is made by the people．The people make history．

4．不能用于被动语态的情况

1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost，suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如：

They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。

My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。

My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。

How much／What does it cost这值多少钱

Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。

This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。

2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：

They arrived at a decision． A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。

They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。（不说：The station was arrived at．）

He looked into the question．The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。

3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。如：

The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。

4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well，easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write，wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：

His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗。

This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演。

The window won't shut．这窗关不上。The door won't open．这门打不开。

The door won't lock．这门锁不上。This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好。

5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如：

Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。

You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter你看来很不高兴———怎么回事儿

The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了。

Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了。

She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。

6）宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如：

Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇见她。

Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。

7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：

She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。

We could hardly see each other in the fog．在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。

8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。如：

They live a happy life．他们过着幸福的生活。

The girl dreamed a sweet dream．那女孩做了个甜美的梦。

9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：

The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了。

The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头。

5．某些动词的主动形式表被动含义

英语中有很多动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean，drive，draw，let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外，像owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如：

This kind of radio doesn't sell well．这种收音机不太畅销。

The shop opens at eight o'clock．这个商店八点开门。

The pipe does not draw well．这烟斗不太通畅。

These plays act wonderfully．这些剧演得好。

Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。

注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。如：

The door won't lock．门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked．门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门）

His novels sell easily．他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好）

His novels are sold easily．他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）

6．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义

1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如：

The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。

2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词

不定式的被动形式。如：

The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）这本画册很值得一读。

Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。

This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）这个计划不值得考虑。3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义

a．当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如：Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学。（指日语被学）

The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝。（指水被喝）

The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听）

This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读）

b．当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：

I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作）

He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看）

注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如：

I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）

c．在there be．．．句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。如：

There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作业要做。

There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。

4）由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如：

His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油画作品明天下午展出。

5）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如：How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！

Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口。

Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。

把下列句子变成被动语态

found some jewels in a box.

teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.

has left a parcel for you.

must finish the article before Friday.

will not paint the house again next year.

promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.

have told the children many times not to skate on the pond.

did he translate the story

had to repair our TV set.

they take good care of the sick

company has paid the workers very handsome wages.

showed me the room where they lived.

把下列句子变成主动语态

is spoken in South America.

plans will have to be revised.

the words must be looked up in a dictionary.

John been cured of his heart illness

door should not have been left open all night.

are afraid that we may be attacked at night.

are being taught how to operate the new machine.

用动词的正确时态填空

Our desks and chairs________________(make)of paper of books and

newspapers______also___________(make)from some kinds of cloth__________________(make)from people____________(burn)wood to keep themselves warm in ,wood_______(be)important in our everyday life.

Where________wood__________(come)fromIt________________(take)from trees

which_____________(grow)in the (know)how it____________(get)to us from the mountains

First of all,trees___________(cut)down when they______________(grow)big their

branches_______________(cut)off,and logs_______________(make).These heavy

logs________________(put)together in different ways and_________________(take)down to the foot of the of them_________________(float使漂流)down the small rivers and others_________________(carry)down on trains.

Big trees________________(cut)down in the mountains every young

ones______________________(must,plant)so that we______always________________(can,have)enough have to take good care of mountains so that they__________always_________________(may,cover)with growing trees.

翻译

shirt washes well.

shirt is being washed now.

door won’t lock.

shop is closed now.

room is filled with smoke.

is reported that the big fire has been put out.

7.台湾属于中国.

8.韩寒的书很畅销.

9.这录音机不转.

10.火灾是怎样发生的

11.这个问题值得讨论.

12.这种布摸起来很柔软.

选择正确答案

I got to his office,I__________that he_________out.

,had been told,was told,was told,had been

vegetables didn’t taste very too long.

cooked cooked been cooked

anti-Japanese war______in 1937 and it______eight years.

broken,lasted out,lasted

out,lasted out,was lasted

was heard__A______an English song.

sing be sang

boxes are very heavy___.

carried carrying

police found that the house________and a lot of things________.

been broken into,has been stolen broken into,has been stolen

been broken into,stolen broken into,has stolen

can________to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

used used

has never dreamt of_________.

to Athens to Athens

taking to Athens taken to Athens

likes__________.

at at laughed at laughed

bridge___________will be completed next year.

built being built

is said that tigers________in Asia year after year.

being disappeared disappearing be disappeared disappear ’m going to Wuhan you have anything ____ to your mother take be taken

it is nothing______.

worry be worried be worried about worry about

new computer will soon become outdated,because technology

_______so fast.

developed being developed been developed developed won’t go to the party unless_________.

invited invited

problem________last week is very important.

discussed discussed discussed

should keep the animals from________.

endangered endangered

are no rivers_______out of the Dead Sea.

flowed flown

place has been there is no bamboo______

for pandas to feed on.

left

the preparations for the task________,and we are ready to start.

been completed been completed

高一英语被动语态基本功过关

一、选择题（每小题1分共40分）

new library_____in our school last year

;built ;built

;build ;build

accident____on this road last week.

been happened happened

happened

the southeast of China.

grown grown

far,the moon____by man already.

visited be visited

been visited visited

talk on Chinese history_____in the school hall next week.

given been given be given

lot of things____by people to save the little girl now.

doing being done

been done be done

doctor_____for yet.

't sent 't been sent

't be sent 't sent

kind of computer______

--Last year.

;use ;used

;used ;used

book_____

;written ;written by

;written ;written

me her new dictionary.

asked to asked to

asked to

story_____by Granny yesterday.

told us told to us

told us us

monkey was seen_____off the tree.

jump

people____well.

after be looked after

look after after

teacher______carefully.

be listened to be listen

listened listened

some part of the world,tea_______with milk and sugar.

serving served

was reported that the murderer_______arrested.

been been

you think that the bridge______in a year

be completed be completed

been completed being completed

changes_______in China since the People’s Republic of China_______in 1949. taken place;was founded

taken place;was founded

been taken place;founded

place;founded

19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy

—She has_______by her classmates.

at

laughed laughed at

every part of the world.

needing

needed need

promise that matter will_______.

taken care taken care of

care care of

permission has________for anybody to enter the

building.

given

. give given

minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

given

giving given

such a thing_____happening again

from from

prevented from prevent from

new house________at the corner of the road.

building being built

built building

bike________last year.

been bought

bought been bought

you see the house that_______by fire last year

destroying

destroy destroyed

she will get her work in the hospital.

’t been decided ’t deciding

’t decide ’t decided

is hers.

’t belong to ’t belong to

’t belong to ’t belong to

can’t use my bike because it_______.

repairing being repaired

repair repairing

chairman told the speaker that she______to speak a little louder so as to make herself_____. expected;heard expected;hear.

C had hoped;hear hoped;heard

32．—The window is dirty.

—I weeks.（2004全国03）

’t cleaned ’t clean

’t cleaned ’t been cleaned

the end of last year,another new gymnasium_______in

Beijing.(2003上海春季,27)

be completed being completed

been completed been completed

34.—How long_______at this job

—Since 1990.(NMET 2003北京春季,27)

you employed you been employed

you been employed you be employed

35.—What happened to the priceless works of art

—_______.(NMET 2003北京春季,34)

were destroyed in the earthquake

earthquake was destroying them

destroyed in the earthquake

earthquake destroyed them

is Ted’s miss him a to save a child in the earthquake.

killed killed killing

(NMET 2002北京春季,27)

and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春季,30)

cut

being cut been cut

a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_______so rapidly. changing changed C.

have changed change

(NMET 2001,24)

of jobs_______if the factory closes.

(NMET 2001北京春季,12)

B will be lost

lost lose

new hope to finish it next month.

be built built

been built being built

(NMET 2001北京春季,17)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

B D A

C C B B B B B B

D B A B B B A D C

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

B A B

C B C

D A C B A D D B A C C A B D

练习题

1)It is said that a new robot____by him in a few days.

A)designed

B)has been designed

C)will be designed

D)will have been designed

2)We are expect the film____by the time we get to the cinema.

A)will already have started

B)would already have started

C)shall have already started

D)has already been started

3)She will stop showing off if no notice____of her.

A)is taken

B)takes

C)will be taken

D)has taken

4)Diamond____in Brazil in 1971.

A)is found

B)has been found

C)was found

D)had been found

5)“Have you movedsintosthe new flat”“Not room____.”

A)has been painted

B)is painted

C)paints

D)is being painted

6)My pictures____until next Friday.

A)won't develop

B)aren't developed

C)don't develop

D)won't be developed

7)Tim____since he lost his job three weeks ago.

A)had been unemployed

B)was unemployed

C)has been unemployed

D)has unemployed

8)A great number of colleges and universities____since 1949.

A)has been establish

B)have been established

C)have established

D)had been established

9)I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we____if we leave it here.

A)would be fined

B)will be fined

C)will being fined

D)will have been fined

10)“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on we go and see it together”

A)They have been given

B)I have been given

C)I am given

D)They have given to me

11)The subject of these lectures____by the lecture committee.

A)is announced

B)have been announced

C)are announced

D)has been announced

12)I found an aspirin bottle____dropped on the floor of David's room.

A)was

B)had

C)had been

D)is13)The goods____when we arrived at the airport.

A)were just unloading

B)were just been unloading

C)had just unloaded

D)were just being unloaded

14)If one____by pride,he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.

A)overcomes

B)is overcome

C)has been overcome

D)overcome

15)Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them____taken in the past.

A)was not

B)were not

C)were not being

D)had not been

16)You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator,now____sour.

A)I smell

B)it is smelt

C)it smells

D)it is smelling

17)After the race____,the celebration began.

A)had been won

B)is won

C)will be won

D)has been won

18)He was here for a little while,but I don't knowswhereshe____now.

A)is

B)was

C)had been

D)has been

18)The young teacher has____competent.

A)been proved to be

B)proved to be

C)been proved

D)proved being

19)Pluto,the outermost planet of the solar system,____photographically in March 1930.

A)discovered

B)was discovered

C)by discovery

D)when discovered

20)To get a better view of the stage,____.

A)our seats had to be changed

B)our seats were changed

C)we had to change our seats

D)our seats were changed by us

22)After synthetic____,engineers had a better choice of material.

A)created

B)has created

C)has been created

D)had been created

23)I think much attention____your pronunciation.

A)must be paid to

B)ought to be paid to

C)must pay to

D)should be paid to

24)Since 1970,millions of enthusiasts____Vitamin C,which they believe can remedy the common cold.

A)have taken

B)have been taken

C)have been taking

D)have been taking

25)I don't remember____the chance to try this method.

A)shavingsbeen given

B)to have been given

C)shavingsgiven

D)to have given

26)We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____.

A)know

B)be known

C)being known

D)to be known

27)The construction of the laboratory____by the end of next month.

A)must be completed

B)must have been completed

C)will be completing

D)will have been completing

28)They would tell how the African____on a ship to an American port.

A)was brought

B)could have been brought

C)had been brought

D)was to be brought

29)He does not possess a bicycle,this one he uses____to Peter.

A)is belonged to

B)belonged

C)belongs

D)is belonging

30)Negotiation____again with Moscow tomorrow,a great event will be discussed then.

A)is to be opened

B)is on the point of opening

C)is going to open

D)opens

31)The reason for all the changes being made____to us yet.

A)has not explained

B)has not been explained

C)did not explained

D)were not explained

32)Experiments in the photography of moving objects____in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.

A)were conducting

B)were conducted

C)had been conducted

D)had conducted

33)When he turned the corner,he found himself____by a man in black.

A)tailed

B)been tailed

C)was tailed

D)had been tailed

34)A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination____at this moment.

A)is interviewing

B)being interviewed

C)is being interviewed

D)interviewing

35)As we approached the work site,the workers were seen____the new house.

A)building

B)build

C)built

D)to build

36)As we know,all the regulations in school____.

A)must keep to

B)must be kept

C)must keep

D)must be kept up

37)The composition____any more.

A)need not to be corrected

B)doesn't need to be corrected

C)doesn't need be corrected

D)need not correct

38)The bank is reported in the local newspaper____in broad daylight yesterday

A)to be robbed

B)to have keen robbed

C)robbed

D)shavingsbeen robbed

39)Hurry up,or the tickets___out by the time we get there.

A)will have sold

B)will sell

C)have sold

D)will have been sold

40)He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it____.

A)was damaged

B)should be damaged

C)damaged

D)would be damaged

被动语态部分练习题答案：

1)C 2)A 3)A 4)C 5)D 6)D 7)C 8)B 9)B 10)B11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)C 17)A 18)A 19)B20)B 21)C 22)D 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A 31)B 32)C 33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)B

选校网高考频道专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库(按ctrl点击打开)