大连海事大学综合英语2013到2004十套考研真题
高译教育-上海海事大学考研英语翻译基础真题2013
高译教育-上海海事大学考研英语翻译基础真题20132013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目：英语翻译基础I．Set Phrase Translation（1 score for each item, 20 scores in total）1.穿越剧2.春晚3.计划生育4.外来务工人员5.年夜饭6.发展体育运动，增强人民体质7.消除皱纹8.回家养病9.培养道德意识10.发展是硬道理11.非居民用水12.潜规则13.Better Cities, Better Life14.吃团圆饭15.中国能源的困局16.特大地震17.倡导学术诚信18.三公经费19.择校20.社会事业II．Blank Filling（fill in each blank with English, 1 score for each blank, 20 scores in total）1.It is believed that the earliest translated Bible in translationhistory of the West is called ________.2.______ is believed to be the first theorist in the West to discuss theoretical issues in translation.3.Prior to the Tang Dynasty, ______ was widely translated majorly from _____ into Chinese.4.The Latin Vulgate was translated by _______.5.The first English version of whole Bible was translated by a group of people led by _____.6.The most important and influential of English Bible is the ______ version.7.The Reformation in the West is largely initiated by _____ who translated Bible from its original languagesinto ______.8.Nida believes that there are fundamentally two different types of equivalence, one which may be called____, and another which is primarily _____.9.In his theoretical construction, Peter Newmark puts forward two diametrically different translationmethods, one of which is ______ translation and another ______ translation.10.Yan Fu, a famous modern Chinese thinker and reformer, was at the same time well-known for his proposalof tri-principles of translation, i.e. _____, ______ and _______.11.The seminal paper ____________ written by ______ was called the Independence Declaration ofTranslation Studies as a discipline.12.Literary translation in late-Qing China was started by ______, who translated a romance story originallywritten in _____ into Chinese in cooperation with his interpreter Wei Yi.III．Simple Sentence Translation （2 scores for each，20 scores in total）1.像这种情况，医院就是没考虑到一些特殊病人的需要，没能为患者提供一种人性化的服务。
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考研英语一真题
2013 年考研英语一真题解析【完整版】Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissionsofficers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4.[A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15.[A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20.[A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assista nt’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade orso ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such asZara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise tha t –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, aBrooklynwoman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it tookBeaumontdecades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates ofsustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A]poor bargaining skill.[B]insensitivity to fashion.[C]obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22.According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A]combat unnecessary waste.[B]shut out the feverish fashion world.[C]resist the influence of advertisements.[D]shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25.What is the subject of the text?[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume thatpeople are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is stillworking out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A]ease competition among themselves[B]lower their operational costs[C]avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27.“The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A]online advertisers（考|研教育网整理）[B]e-commerce conductors[C]digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A]many cut the number of junk ads[B]fails to affect the ad industry[C]will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29.which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A]DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B]Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C]DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D]Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30.The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A]indulgence[B]understanding[C]appreciaction[D]skepticismText 3Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years (see "100,000 AD: Living in the deep future"). Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCN's "Red List" of threatened species, and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of their ideas over very long timescales. Its flagship project is a mechanical clock, burieddeep inside a mountain in Texas, that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the idea that we should recognise a new geological era: the Anthropocene. They, too, are pulling the camera right back and asking what humanity's impact will be on the planet - in the context of stratigraphic time.Perhaps perversely, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy: while our species may flourish, a great many individuals may not. But we are now knowledgeable enough to mitigate many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. Thinking about our place in deep time is a good way to focus on the challenges that confront us today, and to make a future worth living in.31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A]our desire for ares of fulfillment[B]our faith in science and teched[C]our awareness of potential risks[D]our bdief in equal opportunity32.The IUCN“Rod List”suggest that human beings on[A]a sustained species[B]the word’s deminant power[C]a threat to the environment[D]a misplaced race33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A]Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B]Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C]The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D]Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A]explore our planet’s abundant resources.[B]adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C]draw on our experience from the past.[D]curb our ambition to reshape history.35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Uncertainty about Our Future[B]Evolution of the Human Species[C]The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.[D]Science, Technology and Humanity.Text 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone h as the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s p rivileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas- agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wantedto prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no stat e should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36.Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B]disturbed the power balance between different states.[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies.37.On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B]States’ in dependence from federal immigration law.[C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A]violated the Constitution.[B]undermined the states’ interests.[C]supported the federal statute.[D]stood in favor of the states.39.The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A]outweighs that held by the states.[B]is dependent on the states’ support.[C]is established by federal statutes.[D]rarely goes against state laws.40.What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A]Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C]Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D]The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into eachof the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41) Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42) This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the g reat social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding(44) this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This hasresulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45) That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly a t solving global problems.[A]It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B]However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C]the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other c ategories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D]the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, a nd what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovationought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E]These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F]Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G]During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S.Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college , inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail , Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)。
2013年上海海事大学翻译硕士英语试卷.pdf
2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）答题要求：例如1---5：AAAAA 6---10：BBBBB考试科目：翻译硕士英语Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points; 0.5 point for each item)Directions: There are 60 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.You and I could hardly understand each other, _______ ?A. could IB. couldn’t youC. could weD. couldn’t we2.We often advise him not to drink more wine _______ is good for his health.A. asB. thanC. thatD. but3.I didn’t call the hotel to make a room reservation, but I _______ .A. may haveB. must haveC. should haveD. shall have4.It was not until midnight _______ the camping site.A. that they have reachedB. that they did not reachC. did they reachD. did they not reach5.Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions _______ a politician.A. suchB. moreC. asD. than6._______ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development ofproduction.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. As7.Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as_____the harvest of mineral resources.A. leads toB. to lead toC. leading toD. lead to8.Someday, solar power collected by satellite s ______ the earth may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization.A. circledB. to circleC. circlingD. circles9.In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night, and asked to report what they _______.A. had just been dreamingB. are just dreamingC. have just been dreamingD. had just dreamt10.Her terror was so great ______somewhere to escape; she would have run for her life.A. only ifB. that there had only beenC. that had there only beenD. if there were only11.Some women ________a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided notto work for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made12.A light with no more power than _______by an ordinary electric light bulb becomesintensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.A. as is producedB. that producedC. that is producedD. produced13.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelersor others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone _______what lay beneath the surface.A. askingB. askC. to askD. be asked14.Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than,_____ at the other store.A. anyoneB. the othersC. thatD. the ones15.The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _____its soil and the water of its lakes,rivers and oceans.A. areB. isC. doD. has16.From now on, when anyone in our ranks who has done some useful work dies, ______soldieror cook, we should have a funeral ceremony and a memorial meeting in his honor.A. no matter he isB. whether he has beenC. be heD. whether be he17.In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize, and was honored in Germany until the rise ofNazism_______he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.A. thenB. andC. whenD. before18.Physics is the present-day equivalent of _____used to be called natural philosophy fromwhich most of present-day science arose.A. thatB. allC. whichD. what19._____ the population of working age increased by 1 million between 1981 and 1986, today itis barely growing.A. WhereasB. Even ifC. AfterD. Now that20.By the first decade of the 21st century, international commercial traffic _____vastly beyondtoday’s levels.A. will be expected to extendB. will have been expected to extendC. is expected to be extendedD. is expected to have extended21.His features were agreeable; his body, _____slight of build, had something of athleticoutline.A. somehowB. asC. thoughD. somewhat22.We advocate ______the economic, cultural and religious traditions of all national minorities.A. to respectB. to be respectedC. respectingD. having respected23.There are two horses at the ends of a rope ____with all their might in opposite directions.A. pullingB. pullC. pulledD. to pull24.Today the Tennessee Valley is one of the richest areas in the world. But if things _____asthey were it would now be a desert.A. had leftB. were leftC. had been leftD. had been leaving25.After twenty years abroad, William came back only ____ how his hometown was damagedin an earthquake.A. to find outB. finding outC. to have found outD. to be finding out26.Relaxation, ______ fresh air, pure water and clean food, is essential to a sound mind andhealthy body.A. much less thanB. no less thanC. no more thanD. any less than27.It is far better to do well a bit of work which is well ___a large fortune.A. worthy to be done than haveB. worth doing than to haveC. worthwhile to do than haveD. worthy of doing than have28.Understanding the cultural habit of another nation, especially _____containing as manydifferent subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such29.Whether or not the next plan will yield any positive results ____to be seen.A. remainB. remainsC. is remainedD. have remained30.If ever again ___happens an accident like this, we will have only ourselves to blame.A. itB. soC. thereD. that31.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ________ familiaritywith technology.A. in quest ofB. by means ofC. in terms ofD. by virtue of32.Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were ________.A. in no wayB. on the contraryC. at a lossD. of no avail33.By signing the lease we made a ________ to pay a rent of $150 a week.A. conceptionB. commissionC. commitmentD. confinement34.To prevent flooding in winter, the water flowing from the dam is constantly ________ by acomputer.A. gradedB. managedC. conductedD. monitored35.Many people think of deserts as ________ regions, but numerous species of plants andanimals have adapted to live there.A. virginB. barrenC. voidD. wretched36.The original elections were declared ________ by the former military ruler.A. voidB. vulgarC. surplusD. extravagant37.They stood gazing at the happy ________ of children playing in the park.A. perspectiveB. viewC. landscapeD. scene38.An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women’s status in society will ________through the current law system in Japan.A. permeateB. probeC. violateD. grope39.When he realized he had been ________ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened tostart legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A. elicitedB. excitedC. deducedD. induced40.These areas rely on agriculture almost ________, having few mineral resources and aminimum of industrial development.A. respectivelyB. extraordinarilyC. incrediblyD. exclusively41.When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, John was ________ pale.A. enormouslyB. startlinglyC. uniquelyD. dramatically42.Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at thistime, but we shall keep your application on ________ for two months.A. pileB. segmentC. sequenceD. file43.It will be safer to walk on the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts ofcash; virtually all financial ________ will be conducted by computer.A. transactionsB. transmissionsC. transitionsD. transformations44.The ________ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physicalaspects in the life style of the people.A. implementationB. manifestationC. demonstrationD. expedition45.The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased ________,a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.A. manipulationB. reproductionC. circulationD. penetration46.The directions were so ________ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.A. ingeniousB. ambitiousC. notoriousD. ambiguous47.Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of themost ________ areas in Japanese life.A. sophisticatedB. competitiveC. considerateD. superficial48.If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of________.A. persuasionB. remedyC. encouragementD. compromise49.Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.A. constrainedB. dominatedC. restrictedD. occupied50.If we ________ our relations with that country, we’ll have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.A. diffuseB. diminishC. terminateD. preclude51.Movie directors use music to ________ the action on the screen.A. contaminateB. complimentC. contemplateD. complement52.His career was not noticeably ________ by the fact that he had never been to college.A. preventedB. restrainedC. hinderedD. refrained53.When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be ________ in deeper.A. absorbedB. pushedC. heavedD. sucked54.To ________ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.A. commenceB. compromiseC. compensateD. compliment55.All visitors are requested to ________ with the regulations.A. complyB. agreeC. assistD. consent56.The captain ________ the horizon for approaching ships.A. scannedB. scrutinizedC. exploredD. swept57.The vast majority of people in any given culture will ________ to the established standardsof that culture.A. confineB. conformC. confrontD. confirm58.Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ________ by steam.A. towedB. tossedC. propelledD. pressed59.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ________themselves.A. stretchingB. extendingC. prolongingD. expanding60.The doctors don’t ________ that he will live much longer.A. manifestB. articulateC. anticipateD. monitorPart II. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points；1 point for each question in the first four passages, and 2 points for each question in the last twopassages)Directions: There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Passage1Your first culture shock came after you left your home country and needed to adjust to the United States. It is now important to learn cultural information about your company, so that you will fit in and perform successfully. The people who make up this environment have their own customs, habits and expectations of each new employee. Gathering information that is formal (policy) and informal (traditions) will help you learn the professional norms and become fully accepted.Policies are corporate documents describing procedures, rules, and standards that guide decision making and conduct. They are similar to official laws that govern a country. Some sources of such written company information include the annual report, product or service brochures, technical and procedural manual, employee directory and the company newsletter. Organizational traditions are usually unwritten hut common practices that have evolved over time. They set the tone and philosophy of the particular corporation, just as the customs of a country do. The best way to learn such information is to observe and talk with others such as your supervisor and co-workers.You can supplement ideas from formal introductory materials given you earlier. Explore with fellow employees those behaviors that may be tolerated but frowned upon. Ask your supervisor for feedback to avoid typical traps that could cause your co-workers to reject you as a professional. Keep this guide nearby, and refer to it often in private. Reviewing formal company procedures, handouts, written notes, ideas, comments from bosses and colleagues, together with materials in this handbook, will help you make a more healthy cultural adjustment.61.What is the purpose to learn cultural information?A. To know the U.S. A. better.B. To work better in the new environment.C. To make more money.D. To improve one’s English.62.According to the passage, _______ is not the policy’s function.A. describing procedures, rules and standardsB. governing a countryC. helping to guide decision making and conductD. writing down the company’s information63._______ is the best way to learn the organizational traditions.A. To read the policiesB. To study the philosophyC. To study a country’s customsD. To observe and communicate with the colleagues and boss.64.How to make a more healthy cultural adjustment?A. Read this passage often.B. Discuss the organizational culture with your colleagues.C. Gather and review the formal and informal information in the corporation.D. Ask your boss for help.65.The passage is written to _______.A. help readers to understand the organization’s cultureB. explain the culture shockC. analyze the policies and traditionsD. help readers to work better with their supervisor and co-workersPassage 2Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They've known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins, the basic building blocks of life.But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project, a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny of gene in human DNA. Anderson, who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations, is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor's secrets, genetic engineers are decoding life's molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug, a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.And that's just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done, however, science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human— or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace, and many diseases will take decades to conquer, if they can be conquered at all.In the short run, the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease, for example, could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective, they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances, almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations.66.It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _______.A. know that human DNA acts like a biological computer programB. have found the basic building blocks of lifeC. have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-centuryD. are making a breakthrough in DNA67.Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that________.A. time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of gene in human DNAB. human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patientsC. gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of humandiseasesD. information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases68.The word "pirate" (Line 2, Para. 3) means _______.A. one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the seaB. one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorizationC. to plunderD. to make use of or reproduce ( another's work) without authorization69.We can draw a conclusion from the text that _______.A. engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time beingB. it's impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomatoC. many diseases will never be conquered by human beingsD. doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the long run70.The best title for the text may be _______.A. The Basic Stuff of HeredityB. The Genetic RevolutionC. A Biomedical RevolutionD. How to Apply Genetic Technology Passage 3It was going to have roughly the effect of a neutron bomb attack on high streets and shopping malls. The buildings would be left standing but the people would vanish. Such was the superior efficiency of selling things via the Internet that brick-and-mortar stores would be unable to compete on price, choice or even service. Book and music sellers had already been “Amazoned”. Soon web-based “category-killers”, in everything from toys to pet supplies, would overwhelm their physical-world competitors. Shoppers would never be more than a mouse-click from the best deals. Traditional retailers, terrified of cannibalizing sales and destroying the value of their expensive properties, were already too late to meet the challenge. “In some categories,” said Mary Meeker, a seer of the Internet at Morgan Stanly, “it’s already game over.”These are convenient beliefs for anyone justifying some e-commerce share prices, but they are already mostly wrong. The reasons should surprise no one. The Internet is not a dominant technology but rather a network of people. It is a rich and highly flexible means of communicating that is rapidly achieving pervasiveness because more and more people find it eas y and convenient to use. But it is those people’s preferences that will count; and for most people, shopping is more than just a means to an end. Even if the Internet provided a perfectly efficient way to shop it would not provide a satisfactory alternative to the physical enjoyment of sniffing a ripe melon, say, or trying on a cashmere sweater.Of course, some products, such as music and banking, can be distributed electronically with success and cost saving. But most purchases cannot be reduced to digital code. And distributing physical goods is cumbersome and expensive. Behind even the most exciting user interface thereare old-fashioned warehouses and lorries, customers who decline to sit at home waiting for purchases to arrive, and goods that must be re-wrapped and expensively returned. No wonder that the cost of getting goods to customers’ homes so often soaks up the notional price advantages of e-commerce.What Internet shoppers have quickly realized is that the web is an addition to, and not a substitute for, their shopping habits. It is wonderful for gathering up-to-date information about products and prices. Cyber Dialogue, a research firm, estimates that in 1998 23m Americans sought information online, but then made their purchases offline, compared with only 17.7m who did the whole thing online.71.The author compares ________ of the online sale to the effect of neutron bomb attack.A. the efficiencyB. the choiceC. the priceD. the service72.According to Mary Meeker, ________.A. tradi tional retailers can’t compete with online ones on price, choice or serviceB. the battle between traditional retailers and online retailers is overC. online retailers have prevailed over traditional ones in the market of certain productsD. online ret ailers have destroyed the value of traditional retailers’ properties73.According to the passage, shopping for most people ________.A. is a flexible means of communicatingB. is not just a means to gaining an endC. does not provide an alternative to physical enjoymentD. provides a perfectly easy and efficient way of living74.The cost of goods delivery brings about the result that ________.A. distributing goods becomes troublesome and expensiveB. the notional price advantages of e-commerce are eliminatedC. old-fashioned warehouses and lorries have to be still in useD. goods must be wrapped again and expensively returned75.According to Cyber Dialogue, ________.A. online shopping will not replace the traditional shopping habitsB. customers seek information via the Internet more often than via any other meansC. Internet users prefer to seek information online without making real purchasesD. fewer and fewer people purchase what they want via the InternetPassage 4A friend who had lived in New York in the 1970s was recently here for a brief visit. I asked him what, in this ever-changing city, he found to be most startlingly changed. He thought for a minute before answering. “Probably the visible increase in prostitution,” he replies. M y astonishment at this comment was so palpable that he felt obliged to explain. “Haven’t you noticed,” he asked with surprise, “all these young women standing furtively in doorways? You never used to see that when I was here.”I couldn’t resist my laughter. “They’re not prostitutes, they’re smokers.” For indeed they are. More American office buildings no longer allow smoking on the premises, driving those who can’t resist the urge onto the streets. The sight of them, lounging on “coffee breaks” near the entrances to their workplace, puffing away has become ubiquitous. Since most new smokers apparently are women, my friend’s confusion was understandable. And there are more than eversince September II.Stress is probably better measured anecdotally than stati stically. I’m not aware of surveys on this matter, but anyone living in New York these days has stories of friends who, amid the scares of 9-11 and its aftermath, have sought solace in cigarettes. I used to go to a gym near Grand Central Terminal. Some days so many people stood outside, tensely smoking, that I assumed an evacuation had just been ordered. At least three friends who’d given up tobacco have lapsed back into the habit, claiming they couldn’t calm their nerves. Others have increased their previously reduced intakes. Some, in their quest for a crutch, have begun smoking for the first time. In Manhattan the frantic puff has become the preferred alternative to the silent scream.New Yorkers, of course, are coping in more imaginative ways, as well. A friend swears he knows someone who has stashed a canoe in his closet in case he needs to escape Manhattans by river. Another says he has moved a heavy object dart into his office so that he can smash the window if a firebomb makes the elevator or the stairs impassable. A woman working on one of the lower floors of her office building has acquired a rope long enough to lower herself to the ground; one who works at the top of a skyscraper tells me she’s looking into the purchase of a parachute. Still others have stocked up on such items of antiterrorist chic as flame-retardant ponchos, anthrax-antidote antibiotics and heavy-duty gas masks.Crackpot friends of friends, but surely not your own? Hardly. One close acquaintance, concerned about my welfare as an international civil servant, tells me I should not be going to work at the United Nations without ensuring that I have, in my desk drawer, a flashlight, spare batteries, a clean cloth and water to dampen it with, all to facilitate an efficient exit through smoke and darkness. Though touched by her solicitude, I have not yet taken her advice. But I believe her when she tells me that many others have, especially her female friends.Recent polls indicate that American women are, in fact, more stressed out than men. Over 50 percent in one national survey of 1,000 adults admitted to being “very” or “somewhat” worried in the wake of the terrorist assaults, according to the Pew Research Center. The anthrax scare may have receded. But recent incidents, from the airplane crash in the New York borough of Queens to the arrest of the London “shoe-bomber” to rumors of suitcase nukes, seem to have had permanently unsettling effects. Take food. A surprising number of people are apparently unable to touch their plates. (Some happily, discovering that fear is the best diet.) Others are eating too much, seeking reassurance in “comfort food.” Give the alternatives, smoking seems a reasonable refuge; after all, the long-term threat of cancer seems far more remote these days than the prospect of explosive incineration.And let us not forget other obsessive coping behaviors. A surge in compulsive shopping, drink and self medicating has been reported, along with exercising, buying music and movie-going. I haven’t checked the stock prices for Philip Morris recently, but I’m told it’s told it’s doing better than expected. As people deal with their fears, the newspapers tell us the economy is bouncing back. Could ordinary people’s coping mechanisms be helping spur a national recovery that, in the first weeks after September 11, had seemed a distant prospect? Few things could be more American than giving in to your weaknesses—and finding that makes the country stronger.76.The word “ubiquitous” in the sentence “The sight of them, lounging on coffee breaks’ nearthe entrances to their workplace puffing away, has become ubiquitous” (para.2) can best be replaced by _______.A. Noticeable all the timeB. present everywhereC. unique in natureD. unpleasant to all visitors77.In the sent ence “New Yorkers, of course, are coping in more imaginative ways, as well.”, theauthor mainly means _______.A. New Yorkers are full of imagination before terroristsB. New Yorkers are steadily confronting disastersC. New Yorkers are ready to combat all kinds of threatsD. New Yorkers are ingeniously prepared for possible threats78.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. American men are as stressed out as women before terrorist attacks.B. The stock prices for Philip Morris must be on the rise.C. The Coping behaviors under stress are widely varied and different.D. Smoking is considered a useful means to reduce stress.79.In writing the last sentence “Few things could be more American than giving in to yourweaknesses—and find ing that makes the country stronger.”, the author _______.A. reaches the conclusion of the passageB. tells her sincere and real thoughtC. adopts a satirical and paradoxical toneD. criticizes American weaknesses80.Which of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?A. Changing smoking habits over the past decadesB. Fight-flight mechanism in front of terrorismC. Compulsive response to long-term diseasesD. Distracted behaviors under stress from terrorismPassage 5More than just a revolutionary tool for indexing, analyzing, or transmitting content, digital technology is actually reshaping the creation of art and literature. “just as film emerged as the dominant artistic medium of the 20th century, the digital domain — whether it is used for visual art, music, literature or some other expressive genre —will be the primary medium of the 21st,”wrote New York Times columnist Matthew Mirapaul in early 1999. More and more writers, artists, and musicians are using computers and the Internet to enhance, animate, or completely remake their art, with unconventional and remarkable results.Publishing, a print-based business that to some people is beginning to represent the past, is attempting to adapt to the new digital world. Marc Aronson, a senior children’s book editor at the publishing house Henry Holt and a longtime student of the impact of changing technology on publishing, describes this impact as a kind of blurring or hybridization. “The keynote of the digital age is overlap, multiplic ity, synergy. The digital does not replace print, it subsumes it,”Aronson said. “Print becomes a form of the digital, just as the digital has a special place when it happens in print.” Especially in books for young people, he notes, more authors and artis ts are trying books with multiple story lines or told from various points of view.One strain of this new type of nonlinear writing is popularly known as hypertext fiction. At its simplest, hypertext fiction mimics the Choose Your Own Adventure books that became popular in the early 1980s. In these books, readers directed the story by choosing which page to。
大连海事大学成人英语学位考试真题
大连海事大学成人英语学位考试真题Dalian Maritime University Adult English Degree Examination大连海事大学成人英语学位考试真题Part I: Reading Comprehension阅读理解Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each question, four choices are given. Choose the best answer to the question.Passage 1When it comes to artificial intelligence (AI), there are mainly two lines of thought: either it will enhance human capabilities or it will replace humans altogether. The former believes that AI will assist humans in performing tasks more efficiently, while the latter argues that AI will eventually surpass human intelligence.1. The two lines of thought mentioned in the passage areA) AI will enhance human capabilities, and AI will replace humansB) AI will enhance human capabilities, and human intelligence will surpass AIC) AI will replace humans, and AI will surpass human intelligenceD) AI will enhance human capabilities, and human capabilities will surpass AIPassage 2In recent years, the importance of environmental protection has been widely recognized. Countries around the world are making efforts to reduce carbon emissions and adopt sustainable practices. However, there is still much work to be done to combat climate change.2. The passage mainly discussesA) the importance of environmental protectionB) efforts to reduce carbon emissionsC) sustainable practicesD) climate changePart II: Listening Comprehension听力理解Directions: In this section, you will listen to several recordings. After each recording, you will answer some questions. Choose the best answer to the question.Recording 1You will hear a conversation between a student and a teacher about a project. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.3. What is the project about?A) HistoryB) ScienceC) LiteratureD) ArtRecording 2You will hear a news report about a new technology. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.4. What is the new technology used for?A) CommunicationB) TransportationC) MedicineD) EducationPart III: Writing写作Directions: In this section, you will write an essay on a given topic. Your essay should be at least 300 words.Topic: The Impact of Social Media on SocietySocial media has become an integral part of our daily lives. Discuss the positive and negative impacts of social media on society. Provide examples and explain how social media has changed the way we communicate, interact, and access information.Overall, the Dalian Maritime University Adult English Degree Examination covers various aspects of English language proficiency, including reading comprehension, listening comprehension, and writing skills. It is designed to assess the students' ability to understand and communicate in English effectively. Good luck to all the test-takers!。
大连外国语大学翻译硕士MTI2013年真题
大连外国语大学2013年翻译硕士研究生入学考试试题汉语写作与百科知识大连外国语大学2013年翻译硕士研究生入学考试试题英语翻译基础大连外国语大学2013年翻译硕士研究生入学考试试题翻译硕士英语学弟学妹们好我是14级大外考生方向是英语翻硕初试成绩400+ 已录取有10 11 12 1314年的初试真题、复试真题、考研笔记、考研资料、常用参考书电子版出售。
学弟学妹们需要的话，可以通过qq 联系我one one six four four six five six one one 1164465611。
考研过程中有什么问题，也都可以问我的。
翻硕考研参考书电子版：学弟学妹需要的需要的话，q我。
《10 11年各校真题》《环球时代：MTI50所院校真题集合》《叶朗：中国文化读本》《散文佳作108篇》《林青松：中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》《最新汉英特色词汇词典》《英语笔译常用词语应试手册2、3级通用》《唐静：翻译硕士（MTI）考研手册》《唐静：翻译硕士(MTI)真题汇编》《程裕祯：中国文化要略（第二版）》《新东方专八词根联想记忆乱序版》《张培基：英汉翻译教程》《张培基：英译中国现代散文选1》《张培基：英译中国现代散文选2》《张培基：英译中国现代散文选3》《张培基：英译中国现代散文选4》《王晓梅：不可不知的2000个文化常识》《卢晓江：自然科学史十二讲》《英语笔译综合能力3级》《外研社：张道真实用英语语法》《中国译协：论英汉翻译技巧》《李学平：通过翻译学英语》《刘重德：文学翻译十讲》一些关于大外翻硕的常见问题整理了一下：1，考二外吗？大外翻硕初试不考二外，复试考，不过只有20分的听力，而且……2，大外翻硕口译和笔译有什么区别？口译难吗？大外翻硕口译笔译初试内容都一样。
复试总分270分，其中综合英语200分，面试50分，二外听力20分。
……3，大外好考吗？我觉得大外与其他几所专门的外国语院校相比，还是比较好考的。
2000-2013年考研英语历年真题和问题详解(英语一)免费
2013年考研英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that ___1___ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by ___2___ factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big ___3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. ___4___, he theorized that a judge ___5___ of appearing too soft ___6___crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___7___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To ___8___this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ___9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was___11___.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___12___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had ___13___ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were ___15___ used in conjunction w ith an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is ___16___out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one ___17___ that, then the score for the next applicantwould___18___ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to___19___the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been ___20___.1. A grants B submits C transmits D delivers2. A minor B external C crucial D objective3. A issue B vision C picture D moment4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless6. A in B for C to D on7. A if B until C though D unless8. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote9. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success10. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified11. A. otherwise B. defensible C. replaceable D. exceptional12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced17. A below B after C above D before18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn`t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline`s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or tw o, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world`s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan`s. The Omnivore`s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes –and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; he r example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, compan ies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking w ith Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioral”ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry”(Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading tolives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN`s “Red List”suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world`s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet`s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.In Arizona, United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigrations law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of naturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That`s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued the Arizona`s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona`s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers` duty to withhold immigrants` information.[B] States` independence from federal immigration law.[C] States` legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress`s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states` interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] Outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states` support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional socialscientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today`s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today`s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system bechanged: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as apercentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%. Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exis t or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on somepsychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see basophilic- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need.48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn`t exist or was not discernible as such49 . Most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “ Li Ming “instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly.2) interpret its intended meaning ,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20points)2013考研英语（一）答案Section I Use of English1．【答案】A grants【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。
2000-2013年考研英语历年真题和答案
2013 年考研英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorized that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicantwould 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been20 .1.A grants B submits C transmits D delivers2.A minor B external C crucial D objective3.A issue B vision C picture D moment4.A Above all B On average C In principle D For example5.A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless6.A in B for C to D on7.A if B until C though D unless8.A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote9.A. decision B. quality C. status D. success10.A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified11.A. otherwise B. defensible C. replaceable D. exceptional12.A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured13.A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged14.A. put B. got C. took D. gave15.A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather16.A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced17.A below B after C above D before18.A jump B float C fluctuate D drop19.A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20.A necessary B possible C promising D helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, s colds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn`t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline`s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world`s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan`s.The Omn ivore`s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful, ” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A]poor bargaining skill.[B]insensitivity to fashion.[C]obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22.According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A]combat unnecessary waste.[B]shut out the feverish fashion world.[C]resist the influence of advertisements.[D]shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25.What is the subject of the text?[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track。
上海海事大学2013年《256英语》考研专业课真题试卷
2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目：英语（第二外语）Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked(A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. If you want to find information about graduate programs of the university, please look in_________ of the College Blue Books.(A) the volume three (C) volume third(B) volume three (D) third volume2. John came to work at the company twenty years __________ today.(A) from (B) since (C) before (D) ago3. The team really looks good this evening because the coach had them _________ every night this week.(A) practice (B) practiced (C) the practice (D) to practice4. I’d ________ the operation unless it is absolutely nec essary.(A) rather not have (C) rather not having(B) rather not to have (D) not rather had5. It was __________ that they went camping in the mountains last weekend.(A) so nice a weather (C) nice weather so(B) such nice weather (D) too nice weather6. Something must be done immediately if endangered species ___________ saved.(A) be (B) can be (C) will be (D) are to be7. If you still don’t have an answer from the University of Washington, why __________ call the admissionsoffice?(A) not to (B) don’t(C) not (D) you don’t8. The customer was offended by the shop assistant’s __________ remark.(A) musty (B) nasty (C) tasty (D) misty9. The food at the picnic attracted a __________ of bees.(A) pack (B) flock (C) swarm (D) herd1。
(NEW)上海海事大学外国语学院《621综合英语》历年考研真题及详解
2007年上海海事大学外国语学院 621综合英语考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Complete each of the following statement with the best appropriate word(s) or phrase(s) chosen from the 4 alternatives attached. (40/150): 1. “The show must go on” is the oldest _____ of show business; every true performer lives by that creed. A. euphemism B. allegory C. precursor D. tenet 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“演出继续进行”是表演界最古老的原则；每位表演者都 要遵循这一宗旨。tenet原则，宗旨。euphemism委婉语。allegory寓言。 precursor先驱，前导。
【答案】C 【解析】句意：唐纳德·特朗普在大西洋城最新的赌场是东部最招摇的赌 博场所，它轻易地从竞争者中脱颖而出。ostentatious招摇的，卖弄的。 professional专业的。speculative猜测性的；投机性的。lucrative获利丰厚 的。
6. Dr. Smith cautioned that the data so far are not sufficiently _____ to warrant dogmatic assertions by either in the debate. A. hypothetical B. tentative C. controversial D. unequivocal 【答案】D 【解析】句意：史密斯先生提醒道：目前的数据还不足以为辩论中任何 一方的假设提供充分的支持。hypothetical假设的。tentative实验性的； 暂时的。controversial有争议的。unequivocal明确的。
(NEW)上海海事大学外国语学院《621综合英语》历年考研真题及详解
2007年上海海事大学外国语学院 621综合英语考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Complete each of the following statement with the best appropriate word(s) or phrase(s) chosen from the 4 alternatives attached. (40/150): 1. “The show must go on” is the oldest _____ of show business; every true performer lives by that creed. A. euphemism B. allegory C. precursor D. tenet 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“演出继续进行”是表演界最古老的原则；每位表演者都 要遵循这一宗旨。tenet原则，宗旨。euphemism委婉语。allegory寓言。 precursor先驱，前导。
废除。presuppose假定；预料。depreciate使……贬值；贬低，轻视。
4. A diligent scholar, she devoted herself _____ to the completion of the book. A. assiduously B. ingenuously C. voluminously D. sporadically 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她是一位勤奋的学者，她勤勉地进行了完成这本书的工 作。assiduously刻苦地，勤勉地。ingenuously率直地，正直地。 voluminously庞大地；很多地。sporadically零星地，偶发地。
A. defy B. quantify C. assess D. corroborate 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在新大陆上有一种蜥蜴，它们有时能做出一些看似违背 物理定律的行动：这种蜥蜴能够在水面上奔跑，最远距离甚至达到三十 英尺。defy藐视；公然反抗。quantify量化。assess评定。corroborate证 实。