airborne camera experiments for traffic monitoring
基于GIS平台二维地图重建技术研究与开发
中文图书分类号：TP391 密 级：公开 UDC：39 学 校 代 码：10005
硕士专业学位论文 PROFESSIONAL MASTER DISSERTATION
论 文 题 目：基于GIS平台二维地图重建技术研究与开发 论 文 作 者：邓锴 专业类别/领 域：电子与通信工程/地理信息处理 指 导 教 师：毛征 教授 论文提交日期: 2018年5月 UDC：39 学校代码： 10005 中文图书分类号： TP391 学 号：S201502172 密 级： 公开
北京工业大学硕士专业学位论文 （全日制）
题目 ： 基于GIS平台二维地图重建技术研究与开发 英文题目 ： RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF 2D MAP RECONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY BASED ON GIS PLATFORM
论文作者 ： 邓锴 专业类别/领域 ： 电子与通信工程/地理信息处理 申请学位 ： 专业硕士 指导教师 ： 毛征 教授 所在单位 ： 信息学部 答辩日期 ： 2018年6月 授予学位单位 ： 北京工业大学 摘 要 I 摘 要 针对城市重大突发事件或山区自然灾害中，现场地理环境遭到严重破坏、救援方案制定困难、救援人员自身安全不易保证的问题，实现一旦发生紧急事件，现场应急监测指挥系统能够很好的根据灾情情况及时实施救援。二维地图重建系统作为现场应急监测指挥系统的子系统，通过接受机载光学相机航拍灾区影像，实现图像实时拼接，二维模型现场制作与出图。为系统提供了现场地形地貌、道路可通性、火情蔓延、房屋倒塌等灾情情况，在整个应急系统中起到了至关重要的作用。 本文设计基于GIS平台的二维地图重建系统，首先就实际项目的使用情况针对二维地图重建系统做出详细的需求分析。然后就上述分析结果阐述整个系统的整体设计思路和软件代码架构，详细说明各个模块的详细实现过程。 研究图像拼接技术，综合分析国内外有关数字图像拼接技术研究现状的基础上通过对比选取的相位相关算法进行图像配准，相位相关算法基于图像二维傅里叶变换的位移性质实现的，利用两张图像的互功率谱进行快速配准，针对简单的纯二维平移的图像有很好的效果，避免了对大分辨率的无人机航拍图像进行特征匹配节省了大量时间。 最后对系统实现的各项功能及其容错处理能力进行了测试验证，确保每个功能都已经被正确实现并能够满足需求分析中的要求，通过实验分析拼接算法的的有效性和正确性并给出实验结果图表。
机场跑道异物(FOD)监测系统的——国外发展情况
FODetect系统由以色列的Xsight公司开发，系统由77GHz毫米波雷达和摄像设备所组成，多个道面监测单元（SDU）分别安装在不同位置的跑道边灯上，每个SDU都对跑道中线附近的区域进行扫描，发现FOD后，可以立即向机场管理人员发出报警信息，告知FOD的准确位置以及发现时间。而后，设备会拉近镜头，提供FOD的视频图像，发现FOD之后，传感器会锁定FOD的位置，以帮助机场管理人员将FOD取走，在夜间，还可使用激光指示器协助将FOD取走。
这场因FOD引发的空难将FOD自动监测系统的研究提上了日程。
英国QinetiQ公司最先研发出【Tarsier（眼镜猴）Foreign Object Debris radardetection system】，眼镜猴系统先在英国及美国德州空军基地使用。2006年12月6日，温哥华机场宣布启用了这套跑道异物雷达侦测系统。成为全世界第一个采用FOD检测系统的民航机场。温哥华机场装备后的3年里，伦敦希斯洛国际机场、美国甘迺迪机场、阿拉伯联合大公国杜拜机场、德国法兰克福、法国巴黎机场、多哈国际机场都陆续安装了这套系统。
Qinetiq公司在Tarsier1100之后还对系统进行了升级，研发了安装有视频监控设备的新系统。新系统于2007年1月在温哥华使用，在温哥华机场安装了4部雷达，可以探测南北跑道；2008年新系统在英国希斯罗南跑道使用，使用效果良好，两部雷达可以全天候扫描3658米长的跑道。视频设备的安装使监控人员可以通过观察判断探测结果是否属实，大大提高了探测准确率。
iFerret系统能够提供精确的位置、报警的时间、FOD的图像和系统发现后的持续报警记录。该系统的精度能够达到探测大小为1cm的物体。
iFerret现应用于新加坡的樟宜国际机场，并在Chicago的奥黑尔国际机场由FAA技术人员对系统进行测试。在对跑道杂物探测中，发现摄像机和视频系统受亮度和天气的影响，在能见度低的情况下具有很多局限性，性能受到黑夜和阴雨天气环境的影响和制约。
空中交通管制英语词汇表-南京航空航天大学精品课程
空中交通管制英语词汇表南京航空航天大学民航学院刘继新A.1 航空器及其系统（aircraft and its system）A.1.1 航空器框架（aircraft structure）airframe 机身flight deck 驾驶舱wheel well 轮舱front (fore) part 前部rear (aft) part 后部port 左舷（舵）starboard 右舷（舵）inboard engine or inboards 内侧发动机outboard engine or outboards 外侧发动机nose 机头belly 机腹skin 蒙皮outer shell 外壳rib 翼肋spar 翼梁stringer 桁条windscreen or windshield 风挡wing 机翼trailing edge 机翼后缘leading edge 机翼前缘wing tip 翼尖control surface 操纵面aileron 副翼flaps (inboard flap, outboard flap, leading edge flaps)襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘襟翼）spoilers (inboard\outboard spoiler) (spoiler down\up) 阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开）airbrakes 减速板（阻流板）slats 缝翼elevators (elevator control tab) 升降舵（升降舵操纵片）rudder (rudder control tab) 方向舵（方向舵操纵片）flap angle 襟翼角flap setting 襟翼设定full flap position 全襟翼位置flapless landing 无襟翼着陆landing gear 起落架stabilizer 安定面nose wheel 起落架前轮gear locked 起落架锁定wheel well 起落架舱wheel door 起落架舱门tyre 轮胎burst 爆破deflated tyre 瘪胎flat tyre 漏胎puncture 轮胎被扎破extend the flaps (retract the flaps) 放下襟翼（收上襟翼）extend the gear (retract the gear) 放下起落架（收上起落架）gear extension (gear retraction) 放轮（收轮）the gear is jammed 起落架被卡阻the flaps are jammed 襟翼被卡阻emergency extension system 应急放下系统crank the gear down 摇动放下起落架brakes 刹车disc brakes 盘式制动器an anti-skid device 防滞装置an arresting gear 拦阻装置thrust reverser 反推装置tail parachute 尾伞the brakes are unreliable 刹车不可靠braking action is poor 刹车状况不好brake wear 刹车磨损overheat 超温（过热）slow down 减慢（速度）bring the plane to a stop 使飞机停下passenger cabin 客舱floor 地板ceiling 顶棚（板）galley 机上厨房toilet 厕所lounge 休息室partition 隔墙interior fittings 机上用具oxygen mask 氧气面罩cargo-hold 货舱A.1.2 动力系统（power plant system）nacelle (cowl）引擎短舱spinner 螺旋桨整流罩pod 发动机吊舱air inlet or intake 进气道bird, water ingestion 发动机吸进了鸟、水foreign object damage 外来物损伤fan 风扇windmill 风车rotor 转子fan blades 风扇叶片propeller 螺旋桨propeller blade 桨叶propulsor 推进器reduction gearbox 减速器LP and HP compressors 低压和高压压缩机annular combustor 环行燃烧室multiple-can combustor 管型燃烧室can-annular combustor 管环燃烧室reverse-flow annular combustor 回流式环行燃烧室turbocharger 涡轮增压器turbine wheel 涡轮导向器supercharger 增压器compressor blades 压缩机叶片nozzles 尾喷管（嘴），排气管cylinder 气缸crankshaft 曲轴exhaust section 排气部分engine setting 发动机设置RPM (revolution per minute) 转速（转每分）set the engine to idle 慢车位give full throttle (or power) to the engine 全油门（功率）throttle up the engine 加油门throttle down (or back) the engine 收油门engineering trouble 机械故障engine failure 发动机失效the engine runs rough 发动机工作不稳定the engine runs smoothly 发动机工作稳定vibration 抖动the engine is low on power 马力小low rumble 发动机发出低沉的响声loud bangs 发动机放炮engine surge 发动机喘振engine shutdown 停车engine flame out 发动机熄火exhaust duct and tail cone 排气道和尾锥engine feathered 顺桨A.1.3 航空器系统（aircraft system）A.1.3.1 燃油系统（fuel system）fuel system 燃油系统fuel tanks 燃油箱vent 通气孔fuel hydrant 加油栓fuel lines 燃油管路fuel pump 燃油泵fuel filter 油滤joints 接头dump valves 放油阀fuel shut-off levers 燃油油路切断操纵杆fuel flow indicators 燃油流量表low fuel pressure warning lights 燃油油压过低警告灯A.1.3.2 滑油系统（oil system）lubricant 润滑剂lubrication 润滑oil lines 滑油管路oil pressure indicators 滑油压力表oil temperature indicator 滑油温度表oil cooler 滑油散热器A.1.3.3 液压系统（hydraulic system）hydraulic lines 液压管路hydraulic actuator 液压作动筒hydraulic pump 液压泵pressure control valves 压力控制阀pressure sensors 压力传感器relief valves 释压阀flow control valves 流量控制阀(actuating) jacks 千斤顶seals 密封圈A.1.3.4 电器系统（electrical system）DC generator 直流发电机an AC generator 交流发电机APU(auxiliary power unit) 辅助动力装置inverter 变换器solid state transformer 固态变压器rectifier 整流器fuse 保险丝wire 电线circuit 电路lead 连线/引线circuit breaker 跳开关A.1.3.5 空调系统（air-conditioning system）pressure control 压力控制environmental control system 环境控制系统cooling 冷却electronic cooling system 冷凝系统heating 加热humidifier 增湿器heat exchanger 热交换器fans 风扇pressurization 增压air ducts 空气导管pneumatic system 汽源系统A.1.4 驾驶舱（cockpit）A.1.4.1 操纵系统（control system）flight control system 飞行操纵系统flight management computer system 飞行管理计算机系统boosted controls 助力操纵系统manual controls 人工操纵系统levers/stick/column 杆control column 操纵杆control panel 控制板captain’s panel 机长仪表板glare shield panel 防眩板center console 中央操纵台handles 操纵手柄knobs 按钮或旋钮switchers 开关thrust levers 油门cranks 曲柄（摇把）control stand 操纵台rudder bar 方向舵连杆elevator controls 升降舵操纵系统flap controls 襟翼操纵系统autopilot controls 自动驾驶操纵系统autothrottle system 自动油门系统instrument landing system 仪表着陆系统microwave landing system 微波着陆系统hand－operated control 人工驾驶brake control unit 制动控制单元steering wheel 方向盘（前轮）A.1.4.2 航空器仪表（aircraft instrument）gauge 仪表primary display system 主显示系统electronic instrument system 电子仪表系统systems monitoring instruments 系统监控仪表indicator 指示器（仪表）flight director 飞行指引仪engine indicator 发动机仪表accelerometer 加速度计aneroid barometer 膜盒气压计metre (dial) 表盘（刻度盘）instrument panel 仪表板audio control panel 音频控制面板overhead panel 顶部仪表板flight engineer’s panel 随机工程师仪表板radio management panel 无线电管理面板flight navigation control panel 导航控制面板flight data interface unit 飞行数据接口digital flight data recording system 数字式飞行数据记录系统engine vibration monitoring unit 发动机振动监控系统weight and balance system 装载与配平系统altimeter 高度表radio altimeter 无线电高度表airspeed indicator 空速表automatic direction finder 自动定向仪turn and bank indicator 转弯侧滑仪attitude director indicator 姿态指示仪horizontal situation indicator 水平位置指示器set the altimeter 高度表拨正vertical speed indicator 升降速度表(gyro) horizon 陀螺地平仪directional gyro 陀螺方向仪A.1.5 航空器动作（aircraft maneouvre）pitch 俯仰roll 横滚yaw 偏转bank the aircraft 压坡度lift off 抬（提）起pitch up the aircraft (to nose up) 抬机头pitch down the aircraft (to nose down) 推机头down 向下dive 俯冲climb steeply 大角度爬升corrective action 修正动作level off 改平stall 失速recover from stall 从失速中改出cut back decrease 收油门spin 螺旋sharp turn 急转弯wide turn 小坡度转弯slipping turn 内侧滑转弯skidding turn 外侧滑转弯A.2 气象（meteorology）A.2.1 云（cloud）ceiling 云底高cloud layer 云层cumulonimbus 积雨云towering cumulonimbus 塔状积雨云altocumulus 高积云nimbostratus 雨层云altostratus 高层云cirrocumulus 卷积云cirrostratus 卷层云cirrus 卷云funnel cloud 漏斗云stratocumulus 层积云stratus 层云vertebratus 脊状云capillatus 鬃状云solid clouds 浓厚的云scattered clouds 疏云ragged clouds 破碎的云（残云）mackerel sky 鳞状云breaks in overcast 阴间多云few 少云scattered 疏云broken 裂开云，多云overcast (continuous) 满天云on top 在云上below cloud 在云下between layers 在云层间in cloud 在云中in and out of cloud 断续云中cloud is building up 云在增加cloud is clearing up 云在消散A.2.2 能见度（visibility）sky clear 晴空sky obscured 天空不明sand storm 沙暴mist 轻雾haze 霾brume 雾, 霭smoke 烟smog 烟雾light fog 轻雾dense fog 浓雾freezing fog 冻雾drifting fog 吹雾，平流雾fog dispersal in progress 雾在消失fog is coming down 正在起雾fog is clearing up 雾在消散fog is getting worse 雾越来越浓A.2.3 风（wind）wind 风surface wind 地面风wind aloft 高空风tailwind 顺风headwind 顶风crosswind 侧风wind-gauge 风向风速仪the wind-sock 风向袋wind calm 无风（静风）light wind 微风moderate wind 中速风strong wind 强风variable wind 风向不稳定steady wind 稳定风gust 阵风wind shift 风向转变wind shear 风切变gusts up to 8 m/s 阵风达8 m/slull 风停gale 一阵大风storm 风暴eddy, a whirl wind 旋风vortex(vortices) 涡流wind W veering NW 风由西向西北转wind W backing SW 风由西转向西南the wind is shifting 风在转向the wind is rising 起风the wind is abating 风在减小the wind is getting stronger 风越来越大A.2.4 颠簸（turbulence）clear air turbulence 晴空颠簸moderate turbulence 中度颠簸severe turbulence 严重颠簸smooth 平稳的bumpy , turbulent 颠簸的be tossed , buffeted 受气流（或涡流）影响而使摇摆updraught 上升气流downdraught 下降气流jet stream 高空急流A.2.5 降水（precipitation）light rain 小雨heavy rain 大雨intermittent rain 间歇性雨continuous rain 连续性降水bright periods 雨停天晴期间occasional showers 偶尔下阵雨passing showers 正在通过的阵雨scattered showers 零零散散的阵雨torrential rain, downpour 暴雨waterspout 水龙卷drizzle 毛毛雨freezing rain 冻雨sleet 雨夹雪squall 飑（线）hurricane 飓风tornado 龙卷风thunderstorm 雷暴flash of lightning 闪电光lightning 闪电hail 冰雹hailstorm 雹暴soft hail 软雹snow 雪snowstorm 雪暴snowflake 鹅毛大雪snow shower 阵雪snow gust 突然一阵大雪icing 结冰ice 冰sheet of ice 一层冰rime 白霜，雾淞A.2.6 温度（temperature）surface temperature 地面温度outside air temperature 外界温度，大气温度dewpoint 露点温度the temperature rise 温度上升the temperature drop 温度下降the temperature is rising 温度在上升the temperature is falling 温度在下降the temperature is steady 温度稳定freezing level 冻冰点温度，结冰层，（指结冰层的下限）A.2.7 跑道道面状况（runway surface condition）loose snow 软雪firm snow 实雪compacted snow 压实的雪melting snow 在化的雪slush 雪水（或半化的雪）snow drift 雪堆snow plough 扫雪车snow clearance 雪清除the north taxiway is snowbound 北滑行道被雪封住了the runway is wet 跑道湿the runway is icy 跑道上有结冰the runway is slippery 跑道滑pools of water 跑道积水ice patches 冰块（指跑道上结成的一块块的冰）glazed frost(clear ice) 明冰hoar frost 白霜braking action is poor 刹车效应差braking action is medium 刹车效应中braking action is good 刹车效应好A.3 机场车辆与设备（airport vehicle and equipment）servicing truck 地面特种车辆airport passenger bus/ferry 摆渡车tug/towing tractor 拖车tow bar 拖把ground power unit 地面电源车catering truck 食品车（配餐车）ground air preconditioning unit 地面空调车water service truck 供水车galley service truck 餐车dolly 平台车tractor 牵引车fork lift truck 叉车fire truck 救火车ambulance 救护车crash tender 事故处理车wheelbarrow 独轮手推车air steps 机载客梯snow plough 犁雪车ramp vehicle 机坪车辆security van 保安运货车ice-melter 除冰车coach 大客车refueller 加油车hydrant dispenser 管线加油车runway snow blower 吹雪车sweeper 清扫车A.4 地面相关服务（relevant ground service）rubber removal 清除橡胶scrub 洗涤，擦洗conveyor 输送带passenger gate 登机口terminal 候机楼ground handling 地勤cargo door sill 货舱门基座pallet 平板架，托板chute 行李滑运道jetway 廊桥（美）air bridge/loading bridge 廊桥（英）pier 候机楼登机走廊stairway 扶梯apron/ramp 客/停机坪hangar 机库customs 海关blast fences 防吹墙loadsheet 舱单customs clearance 海关验放air waybill 航空运货单safety services 安全服务windshield wiper 风挡刮水器（美）windscreen wiper 风挡刮水器（英）deplane 下飞机，从飞机上卸下（美）disembark/unload 下飞机，从飞机上卸下（英）enplane 登机（美）embark/board 登机（英）ground radar 地面雷达2. AbbreviationsA Amber 琥珀色（南北向主航路）A/A Air-to-air 空对空AAL Above Aerodrome Level 高出机场平面ABM Abeam 正切ABN Aerodrome beacon 机场灯标ABT About 关于ABV Above …以上AC Altocumulus 高积云ACAC Airborne collision avoidance system 机载防撞系统ACC Area control center 区域管制中心ACCID Notification of an aircraft accident 航空器失事通知ACFT Aircraft 航空器ACK Acknowledge 承认，收悉CAN Aircraft classification number 航空器等级序号AD Aerodrome 机场ADA Advisory area 咨询区ADF Automatic direction-finding equipment 自动定向设备ADIZ Air defense identification zone 防空识别区ADR Advisory route 咨询航路ADS Address 收电地址ADVS Advisory service 咨询服务ADZ Advise 通知AEIS Aeronautical en-route information service 航空的航路情报服务AER Approach end runway 跑道的进近端AERADIO Air radio 航空无线电AES Aerodrome emergency services 机场紧急服务AFB Air force base 空军基地AFCS Automatic flight control system 飞行自动控制系统AFIS Aerodrome flight information service 机场飞行情报服务AFL Above field level 高于场面AFM Affirmative 是的，对的AFS Aeronautical fixed service 航空固定服务AFTN Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network航空固定电信网A/G Air to ground 空对地AGA Aerodromes, air routes and ground aids机场、航路和地面助航设施AGL Above ground level 高出地面AGN Again 再，再次AIREP Air report 空中报告ALA Alighting area 着陆区，降落区ALR Alerting 告警ALS Approach lighting system 进近灯光系统ALT Altitude 海拔高度ALTN Alternate 备降，备分AM Amplitude modulation 调幅AMA Area minimum altitude 区域最低高度AMDT Amendment 修订AMS Aeronautical mobile service 航空移动服务AMSL Above mean sea level 高出平均海平面AOC Airport obstacle chart 机场障碍物图AOR Area of responsibility 责任区APCH Approach 进近APP Approach control 进近管制APRX Approximate 大约APU Auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置APV Approve 批准ARO Air traffic services reporting office 空中交通服务报告室ARP Airport reference point 机场基准点ARQ Automatic error correction 自动误差纠正ARR Arrival 到达ARSA Airport radar service area 机场雷达服务区ARSR Air route surveillance radar 空中航路监视雷达AS Altostratus 高层云ASC Ascend to 上升ASDA Accelerate-stop distance available 可用加速停止距离ASPH Asphalt 沥青ASR Airport surveillance radar 机场监视雷达ATA Actual time of arrival 实际到达时间ATC Air traffic control 空中交通管制ATD Actual time of departure 实际离场时间ATF Aerodrome traffic frequency 机场交通频率ATFM Air traffic flow management 空中交通流量管理ATIS Automatic terminal information service 自动终端情报服务ATM Air traffic management 空中交通管理ATN Aeronautical telecommunication network 航空电信网ATS Air traffic service 空中交通服务ATZ Aerodrome traffic zone 机场交通地带AUTH Authorized 授权AUW All up weight 起飞全重AUX Auxiliary 辅助的A VBL Available 有用的，可用性A VG Average 平均AWY Airway 航路AZM Azimuth 方位（角）B Blue 兰色（南北向辅航路）BA Braking action 刹车效应BASE Cloud base 云底BC Back course 后航道BCN Beacon 灯标BCST Broadcast 广播BDRY Boundary 边界BFR Before 在…之前BGN Begin 开始BKN Broken 裂云BLDG Building 建筑物BLW Below …以下BRG Bearing 方位（角）BTL Between layers 云层之间，云层飞行BTN Between 在…之间BYD Beyond 超过C Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) 摄氏度CAAC Civil aviation administration of China 中国民用航空总局CAB Civil Aeronautics Board （美国）民用航空委员会CA T Clear air turbulence 晴空颠簸CA T Category 分类，类别CB Cumulonimbus 积雨云CEIL Ceiling 云高CGL Circling guidance light(s) 盘旋引导灯CH Channel 波道CHG Change 改变、换CIV Civil 民用CK Check 检查，校核CL Center line 中心线CLBR Calibration 校正CLG Calling 呼叫CLR Clear, clearance 放行，放行许可CLSD Closed 关闭CM Centimeter 厘米CMB Climb to 爬升至CNL Cancel or cancelled 取消CNS Communication, navigation and surveillance 通信、导航和监视COM Communications 通信CONC Concrete 混凝土COND Condition 条件，状况CONT Continue(s) 连续，连续的COORD Coordinates 坐标COP Change-over point 转换点COR Correct or correction 正确，更正CORR Corridor 走廊CPU Central processing unit 计算机中央处理系统CRP Compulsory reporting point 强制性位置报告点CRT Cathode ray tube 阴极射线管CRZ Cruise 巡航CTA Control area 管制区CTL Control 管制，控制CTN Caution 注意CTR Control zone 管制地带CWY Clearway 净空道DA Decision altitude 决断高度DCKG Docking 停靠DCT Direct 直线进近，直飞DEG Degree 度DEP Depart/departure 起飞或离场DEPT Department 部门DES Descend to 下降DEST Destination 目的地DEV Deviation 偏航，偏离DFTI Distance from touchdown indicator 离接地距离指示器DH Decision height 决断高DIST Distance 距离DIV Divert, diverting 改航，转向DLA Delay 延误DME Distance measuring equipment 测距仪DP Dew point temperature 露点DPT Depth 深度DR Dead reckoning 推测DRG During 在…期间DS Dust storm 尘暴DSB Double sideband 双边带DUR Duration 持续期，持续时间DVOR Doppler VOR 多普勒全向信标EAT Expected approach time 预计进近时间EET Expected elapsed time 预计航程（经过）时间EFC Expected further clearance 预计进一步放行许可ELEV Elevation 标高EM Emission 发射，发讯EMERG Emergency 紧急，应急ENG Engine 发动机ERR Error 错误EST Estimate 预计，估计ETA Estimated time of arrival 预计到达时间ETD Estimated time of departure 预计离场时间ETE Estimated time enroute 预计航路飞行时间ETO Estimated time over 预计飞越时间EXC Except 除…..之外EXP Expect 预期，希望EXTD Extend 延长、延伸F Degrees Fahrenheit 华氏（度）FAA Federal Aviation Administration 联邦航空局（美）FAC Facilities 设施，设备FAF Final approach fix 最后进近定位点FAP Final approach point 最后进近点FAS Final approach segment 最后进近航段FAX Facsimile transmission 传真FC Funnel cloud 漏斗云FCST Forecast 预报FCT Friction coefficient 摩擦系数FG Fog 雾FIC Flight information center 飞行情报中心FIR Flight information region 飞行情报区FIS Flight information service 飞行情报服务FISA Automated Flight information service 自动飞行情报服务FL Flight level 飞行高度FLD Field 机场，场地FLG Flashing 闪光，照明弹FLT Flight 飞行，飞行航班FM From 自，从FM Frequency modulation 调频FMS Flight management system 飞行控制系统FMU Flight management unit 流量管理单位FNA Final approach 最后进近FPL Filed flight plan 申报的飞行计划FPM Feet per minute 英尺/分FPR Flight plan route 飞行计划路线FR Fuel remaining 剩余油量FREQ Frequency 频率FSL Full stop landing 全停着陆FSS Flight service station 飞行服务站FST First 第一FT Feet 英尺G Green 绿色（东西向主航路）GA General aviation 通用航空GCA Ground controlled approach (radar) 地面管制进近（雷达）GEO Geographic or true 地理的或真的GMT Greenwich mean time 地面管制GP Glide path 下滑道GPS Global positioning system 全球定位系统GRADU Gradually 逐渐地GS Glide slope 下滑坡度GS Ground speed 地速GWT Gross weight 全重H24 24 hour service 24小时服务HBN Hazard beacon 危险信标HC Critical height 临界高HDF High frequency direction finding station 高频定向台HDG Heading 航向HEL Helicopter 直升机HF High frequency (3-30 MHz) 高频HGT Height 高HJ Sunrise to sunset 日出至日没，昼间服务HLDG Holding 等待HN Sunset to sunrise 日没日出至，夜间服务HPA Hectopascal 百帕HS During hours of scheduled operations 按航班开放HIS Horizontal situation indicator 水平状态指示仪HST High speed taxiway turn-off 高速转出滑行道HX Irregular service 非定时服务Hz Hertz (cycles per second) 赫兹（每分钟周数）IAC Instrument approach chart 仪表进近图IAF Initial approach fix 起始进近定位点IAL Instrument approach and landing chart 仪表进近和着陆图IAP Instrument approach procedure 仪表进近程序IAR Intersection of air routes 航路交叉点IAS Indicated airspeed 指示空速IATA International air transport association 国际航空运输协会IBN Identification beacon 识别灯标ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织IDENT Identification 识别，认别标志IF Intermediate approach fix 中间进近定位点IFR Instrument flight rules 仪表飞行规则IGS Instrument guiding system 仪表引导系统ILS Instrument landing system 仪表着陆系统IM Inner marker 内指点标IMC Instrument meteorological conditions 仪表气象条件IMG Immigration 入境，移民IMPT Important 重要INBD Inbound 进场，向台INFO Information 资料，情报INOP Inoperative 不工作INP If not possible 如不可能INPR In progress 在进行中INS Inertial navigation system 惯性导航系统INT Intersection 交叉点，联络道INTER Intermittent 间断的INTL International 国际的INTRG Interrogator 询问器INTRP Interrupted 中断，干扰IR Ice on runway 跑道积冰IS Island 岛屿ISA International standard atmosphere 国际标准大气JTST Jet stream 高空激流KG Kilogram 公斤KHz Kilohertz 千赫KM Kilometer 公里KMH Kilometer(s) per hour 公里/时KT Knots 海里/时KW Kilowatt 千瓦L Locator (Compass) 示位台LAT Latitude 纬度LB Pound 磅LCT Local time 当地时间LDA Landing distance available 可用着陆距离LDG Landing 着陆LDI Landing direction indicator 着陆方向指示器LEN Length 长度LF Low frequency 低频（30-300千赫）LGT Light, lighting 灯，灯光LIH Light intensity high 高强度灯LIL Light intensity low 低强度灯LIM Light intensity medium 中强度灯LLZ Localizer 航向道LMM Locator middle marker 示位台中指点标LOM Locator outer marker 示位台外指点标LONG Longitude 经度LORAN LORAN(long range air navigation system)罗兰（远程导航系统）LT Local time 当地时LVL Level 水平，层M Meters 米MAA Maximum authorized altitude 批准的最大高度MAG Magnetic 磁的MAINT Maintenance 维修，维护MAP Aeronautical maps and charts 航空地图和航图MAPT Missed approach point 复飞点MAR Marine (At sea) 在海上，在海洋MAX Maximum 最大的MB Millibar 毫巴MBZ Mandatory broadcast zone 强制广播区MCA Minimum crossing altitude 最低穿越高度MDA Minimum descent altitude 最低下降高度MDF Medium frequency direction-finding station 中频定向台MEA Minimum en-route altitude 最低航路高度MER True height above MSL 高出平均海平面的真高MET Meteorological 气象的METAR Aviation routine weather report (in aeronautical meteorological code)航空例行天气预报（用航空气象电码）MF Medium frequency 中频（300-3000赫兹）MHA Minimum holding altitude 最低等待高度MHz Megahertz 兆赫MID Mid-point (related to RVR) 中间点（关于跑道视程）MIL Military 军用，军事MIN Minutes 分钟MKR Marker radio beacon 无线电指点信标MLS Microwave landing system 微波着陆系统MM Middle marker 中指点标MM Millimeter 毫米MOA Military operating area 军事活动区MOC Minimum obstacle clearance (required) 最小超障余度（要求的）MOD Moderate 中度MOV Move, movement 活动，运动MPH Miles per hour 英里/小时MPS Meters per second 米/秒MPW Maximum permitted weight 最大允许重量MRA Minimum reception altitude 最低接受高度MRG Medium range 中程MS Minus 减，负MSA Minimum sector altitude 最低扇区高度MSG Message 电报MSL Mean sea level 平均海平面MT Mountain 山MTOW Maximum take-off weight 最大起飞重量MTW A Maximum total weight authorized 最大允许全重N Night, north or northern 夜间，北或北方NA Not authorized 不允许，不批准NA T North Atlantic 北大西洋NA V Navigation 导航NA V AID Navigational aid 导航设施NB Northbound 向北飞行的NC No change 无变化NCRP Non-compulsory reporting point 非强制性位置报告点NDB Non-directional radio beacon 无方向性信标NE Northeast 东北NEB North-eastbound 向东北飞的NEG No, negative 不，不是，不正确的NGT Night 夜，夜晚NIL None 没有NM Nautical miles 海里NML Normal 正常NOF International NOTAM office 国际航行通告室NAP Noise abatement procedure 消噪音程序NOTAM Notice to airman 航行通告NR Number 号码，数NW North-west 西北NWB North-westbound 向西北方向飞的NXT Next 下一个，下次OAC Oceanic area control center 海洋管制中心OAS Obstacle assessment surface 障碍物评价面OBS Observe, observed, observation 观测，观察OBST Obstruction 障碍物OCA Oceanic control area 海洋管制区OCA Obstacle clearance altitude 超障高度OCS Obstacle clearance surface 超障面OM Outer marker 外指点标OPN Open 开放OPR Operator, operate, operative 经营人，报务员，运行OPS Operations 运行，运转O/R On request 按要求，按申请OTS Out of service 不工作OVNGT Overnight 过夜PALS Precision approach light system 精密进近灯光系统PANS-OPS Procedures for air navigation services—aircraft operations航行服务程序-航空器运行PAPI Precision approach path indicator 精密进近航径指示器PAR Precision approach radar 精密进近雷达PARL Parallel 平行PCN Pavement classification number 道面等级序号PCZ Positive control zone 绝对管制地带PERM Permanent 永久的PJE Parachute jumping exercise 跳伞训练PLN Flight plan 飞行计划PN Prior notice required 需事先通知POB Persons on board 机上人员PRKG Parking 停机PROB Probability 概率，可能性PROC Procedure 程序PROP Propeller aircraft 螺旋桨航空器PROV Provisional 临时的，暂时的PS Plus 加、正PSG Passing 过往，经过PSGR Passenger 旅客PSN Position 位置PTN Procedure turn 程序转弯PWR Power 电源，功率QDM Magnetic bearing to facility 向台磁方位QDR Magnetic bearing from facility 背台磁方位QFU Magnetic orientation of runway 跑道磁向QTE True bearing 真方位QUAD Quadrant 象限R Red 红色（东西向辅航路）R Radar, right 雷达，右RA Radio altimeter 无线电高度表RAC Rules of the air and air traffic services空中规则和空中交通服务RAG Runway arresting gear 跑道制动装置RAI Runway alignment indicator 对准跑道指示器RB Rescue boat 救生艇RCA Reaching cruising altitude 到达巡航高度RCC Rescue co-ordination center 救援协调中心RCF Radio communication failure 无线电通讯失效RCL Runway centerline 跑道中心线RCLM Runway centerline markings 跑道中心线标志RCLR Recleared 再放行RDL Radial 径向线REC Receive, receiver 收，收到，接收REDL Runway edge light(s) 跑道边灯REF Reference 参阅REG Registration 登记，注册REIL Runway end identification lights 跑道端识别灯RENL Runway end light(s) 跑道端灯REP Reporting point 报告点REQ Request 请求RF Radio facility 无线电设施RFLG Refueling 加油（燃料）RH Right hand 右手（边）RL Report leaving 脱离报告RLCE Request level change en-route 请求在航路上改变高度层RLLS Runway lead-in lighting system 跑道引进灯光系统RMK Remarks 附注，备注RNA V Area navigation 区域导航/领航ROC Rate of climb 上升率，爬升率ROD Rate of descent 下滑率，下降率RPM Revolutions per hour 每分钟的转数RSCD Runway surface condition 跑道道面情况RSR En-route surveillance radar 航路监视雷达RTE Route 航路RTF Radiotelephony 无线电话RTG Radiotelegraphy 无线电报RTHL Runway threshold light(s) 跑道入口灯RTR Remote transmitter/receiver 遥控发射机/接收机RTS Return to service 恢复工作RTT Radio teletypewriter 无线电传打字机RTZL Runway touchdown zone light(s) 跑道接地带灯RVR Runway visual range 跑道视程RVV Runway visibility values 跑道能见度数值RWY Runway 跑道S South 南、南纬SAR Search and rescue 搜寻与援救SB Southbound 向南飞SDBY Stand by 等待，备份SE Southeast 东南SEB South-eastbound 向东南飞SEC Seconds 秒SECT Sector 扇区SELCAL Selective call system 选择呼叫系统SER Service 服务，工作SFC Surface 表面，道面SID Standard instrument departure 标准仪表离场SKED Schedule 定期SLW Slow 慢SMC Surface movement control 地面活动管制SMR Surface movement radar 地面活动雷达SN Snow 雪SNOWTAM Snow NOTAM 雪情通告SRA Special rules area 特殊规则区SRA Surveillance radar approach 监视雷达进近SRE Surveillance radar element 地面管制进近(GCA)的监视雷达部分SRG Short range 短程SSB Single sideband 单边带SSR Secondary surveillance radar 二次监视雷达SST Supersonic transport 超音速运输机STA Strait in approach 直线进近STAR Standard terminal arrival 标准终端进场STD Standard 标准STN Station 站，站位STNR Stationary 静止的STWL Stopway light(s) 停止道灯SUP Supplement 增补，补充SUPPS Regional supplementary procedures 地区补充程序SW Southwest 西南SWB South-westbound 向西南飞SWY Stopway 停止道T Temperature 温度TA Transition altitude 过度高度TAF Aerodrome forecast 机场天气预报TAIL Tail wind 顺风TAR Terminal area surveillance radar 终端区监视雷达TAS True airspeed 真空速TCA Terminal control area 终端管制区TDO Tornado 龙卷风TDZ Touchdown zone 接地区TEMPO Temporary 临时TEND Trend forecast 趋势预报TFC Traffic 交通TGL Touch-and-go landing 连续起落TGS Taxiing guidance system 滑行引导系统THR Threshold 跑道入口TKOF Take-off 起飞TMA Terminal control area 终端管制区TNA Turn altitude 转弯高度TML Terminal 终端，终端机场TOC Top of climb 爬升顶点TODA Take-off distance available 可用起飞距离TORA Take-off run available 可用起飞滑跑距离TP Turning point 转弯点TR Track 航迹，轨迹TRA Temporary reserved airspace 临时备用空域TRL Transition level 过度高度层TROP Tropopause 对流层顶TT Teletypewriter 电传打字机TURB Turbulence 颠簸TVOR Terminal VOR 终端甚高频全向信标TWR Tower 塔台TWY Taxiway 滑行道TWYL Taxiway-link 滑行联络道TXT Text 电文TYP Type of aircraft 机型TYPH Typhoon 台风UAA Upper advisory area 高空咨询区UAB Until advised by…直到由…通知UAC Upper area control center 高空区域管制中心UAD Upper advisory route 高空咨询航路UAR Upper air route 高空航路UFN Until further notice 直至进一步通知UGT Urgent 紧急UHF Ultra high frequency (300-3000MHz) 超高频（300-3000兆赫）UIC Upper information center 高空情报中心UIR Upper flight information region 高空飞行情报区UNL Unlimited 无限制U/S Unserviceable 不能使用USB Upper sideband 上边带UTA Upper control area 高空管制区UTC Coordinated universal time 协调世界时UWY Upper airway 高空航路V AC Visual approach chart 目视进近图V AR Magnetic variation 磁差V ASIS Visual approach slope indicator system 目视进近坡度指示系统VDF VHF direction finding station 甚高频定向台VDP Visual descent point 目视下降点VFR Visual flight rules 目视飞行规则VHF Very high frequency (30-300MHz) 甚高频VIP Very important person 要客VIS Visibility 能见度VLF Very low frequency 甚低频VMC Visual meteorological conditions 目视气象条件VNA V Vertical navigation 垂直导航VOLMET Meteorological information for aircraft in flight供飞行中航空器用的气象情报VOR VHF Omnidirectional range 甚高频全向信标VSP Vertical speed 垂直速度VTOL Vertical take-off and landing 垂直起降VV Vertical visibility 垂直能见度W West, white 西，白色WAC World Aeronautical Chart 世界航图(1:1000,000) WB Westbound 向西飞WDI Wind direction indicator 风向指示器WEF With effect from 自xx起生效WIE With immediate effect 立即生效WIP Work in progress 工程在进行中WO Without 没有WPT Way-point 航路点WRNG Warning 警告，报警WS Wind shear 风切变WT Weight 重量WX Weather 天气X Cross 交叉，十字XNG Crossing 穿越Y Yellow 黄色YDS Zulu time 格林尼治平时Z Coordinated universal time 协调世界时。
UTM测试的目的是弄清楚空域中的所有无人机如何安全和公平地共享天空
UTM测试的目的是弄清楚空域中的所有无人机如何
安全和公平地共享天空
美媒消息称，在日常无人机生活中，我们了解美国宇航局在无人驾驶交通管理（UTM）测试方面具有重大优势，以及它对于无处不在的无人机运营商意味着什幺：Technologies的Amit Ganjoo说到：我们已经获得了ANRA。
作为UTM和无人机运营管理的主要参与者，ANRA自成立以来一直是UTM项目的重要组成部分;阿米特慷慨的解释了整个事情是如何结合在一起的。
本周，UTM项目第三阶段的第一部分，即UTM TCL 3，针对发生在弗吉尼亚理工大学校园内的那些知情人士，这就是为什幺下一个测试阶段会不同的原因。
从更广泛的意义上讲，UTM测试的目的是弄清楚空域中的所有无人机如何安全和公平地共享天空。
空中交通管制可以看到客机;客机可以与空中交通管制进行沟通。
无人机还需要与空中交通管制进行交流，而不仅仅是通过繁重的手动过程。
无人机需要彼此交流。
空中交通和客机需要看到无人机。
无人机需要看到客机和其他无人机。
他们都需要避开对方：UTM玩家称之为“解除冲突”。
无人机必须看到传达和解除冲突的方法越来越精确，这就是现在正在成功测试的内容。
这不仅仅是像我们以前在自动化无人机系统中看到的那样的感知和避免技术。
在这些测试中，研究人员使用Echodyne提供的无人驾驶安装紧凑型雷达系统。
这些系统可以显示障碍物的距离和方向，并且它们仍然在。
描写风筝外形特点的语段作文
描写风筝外形特点的语段作文英文回答：Kites come in various shapes and sizes, each with its own unique characteristics. One common shape is the diamond or rhombus shape. This shape is easily recognizable withits four sides of equal length and two diagonal lines that intersect each other. The diamond-shaped kite is popular among children and beginners due to its simplicity and stability in flight.Another popular shape is the delta shape, which resembles an isosceles triangle. The delta kite has a single point at the top and two longer sides that converge towards the bottom. This shape allows for better maneuverability and control in the air. Delta kites are often used for kite surfing or kiteboarding, as they can catch the wind more effectively.There are also box kites, which have a three-dimensional shape with multiple intersecting lines. These kites are known for their stability and can fly in a wide range of wind conditions. Box kites are often used for scientific experiments or aerial photography due to their ability to stay airborne for extended periods.Chinese kites, on the other hand, have their own distinct shapes and characteristics. One famous type is the dragon kite, which is often seen during Chinese festivals. Dragon kites are usually made of silk or paper and are designed to resemble a dragon in flight. They are believed to bring good luck and ward off evil spirits.Another traditional Chinese kite is the butterfly kite. As the name suggests, these kites are designed to look like butterflies with vibrant colors and delicate patterns. Butterfly kites are often flown during the spring season to celebrate the arrival of new life and rebirth.中文回答：风筝有各种各样的形状和大小，每种形状都有其独特的特点。
空中交通管制英语词汇表(ICAOEnglish)
空中交通管束英语词汇表 (ICAOEnglish)A.1 航空器及其系统（aircraftanditssystem）航空器框架（aircraftstructure）airframe机身flightdeck 驾驶舱wheelwell 轮舱front(fore)part 前部rear(aft)part后部port左舷（舵）starboard右舷（舵）inboardengineorinboards 内侧发动机outboardengineoroutboards外侧发动机nose机头belly机腹skin蒙皮outershell外壳rib翼肋spar翼梁stringer桁条windscreenorwindshield 风挡wing机翼trailingedge 机翼后缘leadingedge机翼前缘wingtip 翼尖controlsurface 操控面aileron副翼flaps(inboardflap,outboardflap,leadingedgeflaps)襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘襟翼）spoilers(inboard\outboardspoiler)(spoilerdown\up)阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、翻开）airbrakes减速板（阻流板）slats缝翼elevators(elevatorcontroltab) 起落舵（起落舵操控片）rudder(ruddercontroltab) 方向舵（方向舵操控片）flapangle襟翼角flapsetting 襟翼设定fullflappositionflap全襟翼地点lesslanding无襟翼着陆landinggear起落架stabilizer平定面nosewheel起落架前轮gearlocked起落架锁定wheelwell 起落架舱wheeldoor起落架舱门tyre轮胎burst爆破deflatedtyre瘪胎flattyre 漏胎puncture轮胎被扎破extendtheflaps(retracttheflaps) 放下襟翼（收上襟翼）extendthegear(retractthegear)放下起落架（收上起落架）gearextension(gearretraction)放轮（收轮）thegearisjammed起落架被卡阻theflapsarejammed襟翼被卡阻emergencyextensionsystem应急放下系统crankthegeardown摇动放下起落架brakes刹车discbrakes盘式制动器ananti-skiddevice 防滞装置anarrestinggear阻挠装置thrustreverser反推装置tailparachute尾伞thebrakesareunreliable刹车不行靠brakingactionispoor 刹车状况不好brakewear刹车磨损overheat超温（过热）slowdown 减慢（速度）bringtheplanetoastop使飞机停下passengercabin客舱floor 地板ceiling 顶棚（板）galley机上厨房toilet卫生间lounge歇息室partition 隔墙interiorfittings 机上器具oxygenmask氧气面罩cargo-hold货舱动力系统（powerplantsystem）nacelle(cowl）引擎短舱spinner螺旋桨整流罩pod发动机吊舱airinletorintake 进气道bird,wateringestion 发动机吸进了鸟、水foreignobjectdamage外来物损害fan电扇windmill 风车rotor转子fanblades电扇叶片propeller螺旋桨propellerblade桨叶propulsor推动器reductiongearbox减速器LPandHPcompressors低压和高压压缩机annularcombustor环行焚烧室multiple-cancombustor管型焚烧室can-annularcombustor管环焚烧室reverse-flowannularcombustor回流式环行焚烧室turboch arger涡轮增压器turbinewheel涡轮导向器supercharger增压器compressorblades压缩机叶片no zzles尾喷管（嘴），排气管cy linder气缸crankshaft曲轴exhaustsection排气部分enginesetting发动机设置RPM(revolutionperminute)转速（转每分）settheenginetoidle慢车位givefullthrottle(orpower)totheengine 全油门（功率）throttleuptheengine 加油门throttledown(orback)theengine 收油门engineeringtrouble 机械故障enginefailure 发动机无效theenginerunsrough发动机工作不稳固theenginerunssmoot hly发动机工作稳固vibration颤动theengineislowonpower马力小lowrumble发动机发出低落的响声loudbangs发动机放炮enginesurge发动机喘振engineshutdown泊车engineflameout发动机熄火exhaustductandtail cone排气道和尾锥enginefeathered顺桨航空器系统（aircraftsystem）燃油系统（fuelsystem）fuelsystem燃油系统fueltanks燃油箱vent通气孔fuelhydrant 加油栓fuellines 燃油管路fuelpump 燃油泵fuelfilter 油滤joints接头dumpvalves放油阀fuelshut-offlevers 燃油油路切断操控杆fuelflowindicators 燃油流量表lowfuelpressurewarninglights 燃油油压过低警示灯滑油系统（oilsystem）lubricant润滑剂lubrication 润滑oillines 滑油管路oilpressureindicators 滑油压力表oiltemperatureindicator 滑油温度表oilcooler 滑油散热器液压系统（hydraulicsystem）hydrauliclines 液压管路hydraulicactuator 液压作动筒hydraulicpump 液压泵pressurecontrolvalves压力控制阀pressuresensors压力传感器reliefvalves 释压阀flowcontrolvalves 流量控制阀(actuating)jacks千斤顶seals密封圈电器系统（electricalsystem）DCgenerator直流发电机anACgenerator沟通发电机APU(auxiliarypowerunit) 协助动力装置inverter变换器solidstatetransformer固态变压器rectifier 整流器fuse保险丝wire电线circuit 电路lead连线/引线circuitbreaker 跳开关空调系统（air-conditioningsystem）pressurecontrol压力控制environmentalcontrolsystem 环境控制系统cooling 冷却electroniccoolingsystem 冷凝系统heating加热humidifier 增湿器heatexchanger热互换器fans电扇pressurization增压airducts空气导管pneumaticsystem汽源系统驾驶舱（cockpit）操控系统（controlsystem）flightcontrolsystem 飞翔操控系统flightmanagementcomputersystem 飞翔管理计算机系统boostedcontrols助力操控系统manualcontrols人工操控系统levers/stick/column 杆controlcolumn 操控杆controlpanel控制板captain ’spanel机长仪表板glareshieldpanel防眩板centerconsole中央操控台handles操控手柄knobs按钮或旋钮switchers开关thrustlevers油门cranks曲柄（摇把）controlstand操控台rudderbar方向舵连杆elevatorcontrols 起落舵操控系统flapcontrols 襟翼操控系统autopilotcontrols 自动驾驶操控系统autothrottlesystem自动油门系统instrumentlandingsystem 仪表着陆系统microwavelandingsystem 微波着陆系统hand－operatedcontrol人工驾驶brakecontrolunit 制动控制单元steeringwheel方向盘（前轮）航空器仪表（aircraftinstrument）gauge仪表primarydisplaysystem 主显示系统electronicinstrumentsystem 电子仪表系统systemsmonitoringinstruments 系统监控仪表indicator指示器（仪表）flightdirector 飞翔引导仪engineindicator发动机仪表accelerometer加快度计aneroidbarometer膜盒气压计metre(dial)表盘（刻度盘）instrumentpanel仪表板audiocontrolpanel 音频控制面板overheadpanel顶部仪表板flightengineer ’s随panel机工程师仪表板radiomanagementpanel无线电管理面板flightnavigationcontrolpanel 导航控制面板flightdatainterf aceunit飞翔数据接口digitalflightdatarecordi ngsystem数字式飞翔数据记录系统enginevibrationmonitoringunit发动机振动监控系统weightandbalancesystem装载与配平系统altimeter高度表radioalti meter无线电高度表airspeedindicator空速表automaticdirectionfinder自动定向仪turnandbankindicator转弯侧滑仪attitudedirectorindicator姿态指示仪horizontalsituationindicator水平地点指示器setthealtimeter高度表拨正verticalspeedindicator起落速度表(gyro)horizon陀螺地平仪directionalgyro陀螺方向仪航空器动作（aircraftmaneouvre）pitch俯仰roll横滚yaw偏转banktheaircraft 压坡度liftoff 抬（提）起pitchuptheaircraft(tonoseup) 抬机头pitchdowntheaircraft(tonosedown) 推机头down向下dive俯冲climbsteeply 大角度爬升correctiveaction 修正动作leveloff 改平stall失速recoverfromstall 从失速中改出cutbackdecrease收油门spin螺旋sharpturn急转弯wideturn小坡度转弯slippingturn 内侧滑转弯skiddingturn 外侧滑转弯A.2 气象（meteorology）云（cloud）ceiling 云底高cloudlayer 云层cumulonimbus 积雨云toweringcumulonimbus 塔状积雨云altocumulus高积云nimbostratus雨层云altostratus高层云cirrocumulus 卷积云cirrostratus卷层云cirrus卷云funnelcloud 漏斗云stratocumulus层积云stratus层云vertebratus脊状云capillatus鬃状云solidclouds浓重的云scatteredclouds疏云raggedclouds破裂的云（残云）mackerelsky鳞状云breaksinovercast阴间多云few少云scattered疏云broken裂开云，多云overcast(continuous) 满天云ontop在云上belowcloud 在云下betweenlayers在云层间incloud 在云中inandoutofcl oudcloudisbuild ingupcloudisclear ingup 断续云中云在增添云在消逝能见度（visibility）skyclear晴空skyobscured天空不明sandstorm沙暴mist轻雾haze霾brume雾,霭smoke烟smog烟雾lightfog 轻雾densefog浓雾freezingfog 冻雾driftingfog 吹雾，平流雾fogdispersalinprogress雾在消逝fogiscomingdown 正在起雾fogisclearingup 雾在消逝fogisgettingworse 雾愈来愈浓风（wind）wind风surfacewind地面风windaloft 高空风tailwind 顺风headwind迎风crosswind侧风wind-gauge风向风速仪thewind-sock风向袋windcalm 无风（静风）lightwind 细风moderatewind中速风strongwind强风variablewind 风向不稳固steadywind稳固风gust阵风windshift 风向转变windshear风切变gustsupto8m/s阵风达8m/slull 风停gale一阵狂风storm风暴eddy,awhirlwind旋风vortex(vortices)涡流windWveering NWwindWbackingSW风由西向西北转风由西转向西南thewindisshifting 风在转向thewindisrising 刮风thewindisabating 风在减小thewindisgettingstronger 风愈来愈大颠簸（turbulence）clearairturbulence 晴空颠簸moderateturbulence中度颠簸severeturbulence严重颠簸smooth安稳的bumpy,turbulent 颠簸的betossed,buffeted受气流（或涡流）影响而使摇晃updraught上涨气流downdraught下降气流jetstream高空急流降水（precipitation）lightrain 毛毛雨heavyrain大雨intermittentrain 间歇性雨continuousrain连续性降水brightperiods雨停天晴时期occasionalshowers有时下阵雨passingshowers正在经过的阵雨scatteredshowers零零落散的阵雨torrentialrain,downpour 暴雨waterspout水龙卷drizzle毛毛雨freezingrain 冻雨sleet雨夹雪squall飑（线）hurricane飓风tornado龙卷风thunderstorm雷暴flashoflightning 闪电光lightning 闪电hail冰雹hailstorm雹暴softhail 软雹snow雪snowstorm雪暴snowflake鹅毛大雪snowshower阵雪snowgust忽然一阵大雪icing结冰ice冰sheetofice一层冰rime白霜，雾淞温度（temperature）surfacetemperature地面温度outsideairtemperature外界温度，大气温度dewpoint露点温度thetemperaturerise温度上涨thetemperaturedrop温度下降thetemperatureisrising温度在上涨thetemperatureisfalling 温度在下降thetemperatureissteady温度稳固freezinglevel 冻冰点温度，结冰层，（指结冰层的下限）跑道道面状况（runwaysurfacecondition）loosesnow软雪firmsnow 实雪compactedsnow压实的雪meltingsnow 在化的雪slush雪水（或半化的雪）snowdrift 雪堆snowplough扫雪车snowclearance雪消除thenorthtaxiwayissnowbound 北滑行道被雪封住了therunwayiswet 跑道湿therunwayisicy 跑道上有结冰therunwayisslippery 跑道滑poolsofwater 跑道积水icepatches冰块（指跑道上结成的一块块的冰）glazedfrost(clearice) 明冰hoarfrost白霜brakingactionispoor 刹车效应差brakingactionismedium 刹车效应中brakingactionisgood 刹车效应好A.3机场车辆与设备（）airportvehicleandequipmentservicingtruck 地面特种车辆airportpassengerbus/ferry摆渡车tug/towingtractor 拖车towbar拖把groundpowerunit 地面电源车cateringtruck 食品车（配餐车）groundairpreconditioningunit 地面空调车waterservicetruckgalleyservic etruckdolly 平台车tractor牵引车forklifttruc k 叉车供水车餐车firetruck 救火车ambulance救护车crashtender事故办理车wheelbarrow 独轮手推车airsteps机载客梯snowplough犁雪车rampvehicle机坪车辆securityvan保安运货车ice-melter除冰车coach大客车refueller 加油车hydrantdispenser管线加油车runwaysnowblower 吹雪车sweeper打扫车A.4 地面有关服务（relevantgroundservice）rubberremoval消除橡胶scrub清洗，擦洗conveyor输送带passengergate登机口terminal 候机楼groundhandling 地勤cargodoorsill 货舱门基座pallet平板架，托板chute行李滑运道jetway廊桥（美）airbridge/loadingbridge 廊桥（英）pier候机楼登机走廊stairway扶梯apron/ramp客/停机坪hangar机库customs海关blastfences防吹墙loadsheet舱单customsclearance海关验放airwaybill 航空运货单safetyservices安全服务windshieldwiper 风挡刮水器（美）windscreenwiper 风挡刮水器（英）deplane下飞机，从飞机上卸掉（美）disembark/unload下飞机，从飞机上卸掉（英）enplane登机（美）embark/board登机（英）groundradar地面雷达2.AbbreviationsA Amber琥珀色（南北向主航路）A/A Air-to-air空对空AAL AboveAerodromeLevel超出机场平面ABM Abeam正切ABN Aerodromebeacon机场灯标ABT About对于ABV Above以上AC Altocumulus高积云ACACAirbornecollisionavoidancesystem机载防撞系统ACC Areacontrolcenter地区管束中心ACCIDNotificationofanaircraftaccident航空器出事通知ACFT Aircraft航空器ACK Acknowledge认可，收悉CAN Aircraftclassificationnumber航空器等级序号AD Aerodrome机场ADA Advisoryarea咨询区ADFAutomaticdirection-findingequipment自动定向设备ADIZ Airdefenseidentificationzone防空辨别区ADR Advisoryroute咨询航路ADS Address收电地点ADVS Advisoryservice咨询服务ADZ Advise通知AEISAeronauticalen-routeinformationservice航空的航路情报服务AER Approachendrunway跑道的进近端AERADIO Airradio航空无线电AES Aerodromeemergencyservices机场紧迫服务AFB Airforcebase空军基地AFCS Automaticflightcontrolsystem飞翔自动控制系统AFISAerodromeflightinformationservice机场飞翔情报服务AFL Abovefieldlevel高于场面AFM Affirmative是的，对的AFS Aeronauticalfixedservice航空固定服务AFTNAeronauticalfixedtelecommunicationnetwork航空固定电信网A/G Airtoground空对地AGAAerodromes,airroutesandgroundaids机场、航路和地面助航设备AGL Abovegroundlevel超出地面AGN Again再，再次AIREP Airreport空中报告ALA Alightingarea着陆区，下降区ALR Alerting告警ALS Approachlightingsystem进近灯光系统ALT Altitude海拔高度ALTN Alternate备降，备分AM Amplitudemodulation调幅AMA Areaminimumaltitude地区最低高度AMDT Amendment订正AMS Aeronauticalmobileservice航空挪动服务AMSL Abovemeansealevel超出均匀海平面AOC Airportobstaclechart机场阻碍物图AOR Areaofresponsibility责任区APCH Approach进近APP Approachcontrol进近管束APRX Approximate大概APU Auxiliarypowerunit协助动力装置APV Approve同意AROAirtrafficservicesreportingoffice空中交通服务报告室ARP Airportreferencepoint机场基准点ARQ Automaticerrorcorrection自动偏差纠正ARR Arrival抵达ARSA Airportradarservicearea机场雷达服务区ARSR Airroutesurveillanceradar空中航路监督雷达AS Altostratus高层云ASC Ascendto上涨ASDAAccelerate-stopdistanceavailable可用加快停止距离ASPH Asphalt沥青ASR Airportsurveillanceradar机场监督雷达ATA Actualtimeofarrival实质抵达时间ATC Airtrafficcontrol空中交通管束ATD Actualtimeofdeparture实质离场时间ATF Aerodrometrafficfrequency机场交通频次ATFM Airtrafficflowmanagement空中交通流量管理ATISAutomaticterminalinformationservice自动终端情报服务ATM Airtrafficmanagement空中交通管理ATN Aeronauticaltelecommunicationnetwork航空电信网ATS Airtrafficservice空中交通服务ATZ Aerodrometrafficzone机场交通地带AUTH Authorized受权AUW Allupweight腾飞全重AUX Auxiliary协助的AVBL Available实用的，可用性AVG Average均匀AWY Airway航路AZM Azimuth方向（角）B Blue兰色（南北向辅航路）BA Brakingaction刹车效应BASE Cloudbase云底BC Backcourse后航道BCN Beacon灯标BCST Broadcast广播BDRY Boundary界限BFR Before在以前BGN Begin开始BKN Broken裂云BLDG Building建筑物BLW Below以下BRG Bearing方向（角）BTL Betweenlayers云层之间，云层飞翔BTN Between在之间BYD Beyond超出C DegreesCelsius(Centigrade)摄氏度CAACCivilaviationadministrationofChina中公民用航空总局CAB CivilAeronauticsBoard（美国）民用航空委员会CAT Clearairturbulence晴空颠簸CAT Category分类，类型CB Cumulonimbus积雨云CEIL Ceiling云高CGL Circlingguidancelight(s)回旋引导灯CH Channel波道CHG Change改变、换CIV Civil民用CK Check检查，校核CL Centerline中心线CLBR Calibration校订CLG Calling呼喊CLR Clear,clearance放行，放行同意CLSD Closed封闭CM Centimeter厘米CMB Climbto爬升至CNL Cancelorcancelled撤消CNSCommunication,navigationandsurveillance通信、导航和监督COM Communications通信CONC Concrete混凝土COND Condition条件，状况CONT Continue(s)连续，连续的COORD Coordinates坐标COP Change-overpoint变换点COR Correctorcorrection正确，改正CORR Corridor走廊CPU Centralprocessingunit计算机中央办理系统CRP Compulsoryreportingpoint强迫性地点报告点CRT Cathoderaytube阴极射线管CRZ Cruise巡航CTA Controlarea管束区CTL Control管束，控制CTN Caution注意CTR Controlzone管束地带CWY Clearway净空道DA Decisionaltitude抉择高度DCKG Docking停靠DCT Direct直线进近，直飞DEG Degree度DEP Depart/departure腾飞或离场DEPT Department部门DES Descendto下降DEST Destination目的地DEV Deviation偏航，偏离DFTIDistancefromtouchdownindicator离接地距离指示器DH Decisionheight抉择高DIST Distance距离DIV Divert,diverting改航，转向DLA Delay延迟DME Distancemeasuringequipment测距仪DP Dewpointtemperature露点DPT Depth深度DR Deadreckoning推断DRG During在时期DS Duststorm尘暴DSB Doublesideband双边带DUR Duration连续期，连续时间DVOR DopplerVOR多普勒全向信标EAT Expectedapproachtime估计进近时间EET Expectedelapsedtime估计航程（经过）时间EFC Expectedfurtherclearance估计进一步放行同意ELEV Elevation标高EM Emission发射，发讯EMERG Emergency紧迫，应急ENG Engine发动机ERR Error错误EST Estimate估计，估计ETA Estimatedtimeofarrival估计抵达时间ETD Estimatedtimeofdeparture估计离场时间ETE Estimatedtimeenroute估计航路飞翔时间ETO Estimatedtimeover估计飞越时间EXC Except除..以外EXP Expect预期，希望EXTD Extend延长、延长F DegreesFahrenheit华氏（度）FAAFederalAviationAdministration联邦航空局（美）FAC Facilities设备，设备FAF Finalapproachfix最后进近定位点FAP Finalapproachpoint最后进近点FAS Finalapproachsegment最后进近航段FAX Facsimiletransmission传真FC Funnelcloud漏斗云FCST Forecast预告FCT Frictioncoefficient摩擦系数FG Fog雾FIC Flightinformationcenter飞翔情报中心FIR Flightinformationregion飞翔情报区FIS Flightinformationservice飞翔情报服务FISAAutomatedFlightinformationservice自动飞翔情报服务FL Flightlevel飞翔高度FLD Field机场，场所FLG Flashing闪光，照明弹FLT Flight飞翔，飞翔航班FM From自，从FM Frequencymodulation调频FMS Flightmanagementsystem飞翔控制系统FMU Flightmanagementunit流量管理单位FNA Finalapproach最后进近FPL Filedflightplan申报的飞翔计划FPM Feetperminute英尺/分FPR Flightplanroute飞翔计划路线FR Fuelremaining节余油量FREQ Frequency频次FSL Fullstoplanding全停着陆FSS Flightservicestation飞翔服务站FST First第一FT Feet英尺G Green绿色（东西向主航路）GA Generalaviation通用航空GCAGroundcontrolledapproach(radar)地面管束进近（雷达）GEO Geographicortrue地理的或真的GMT Greenwichmeantime地面管束GP Glidepath下滑道GPS Globalpositioningsystem全世界定位系统GRADU Gradually渐渐地GS Glideslope下滑坡度GS Groundspeed地速GWT Grossweight全重H2424hourservice24小时服务HBN Hazardbeacon危险信标HC Criticalheight临界高HDFHighfrequencydirectionfindingstation高频定向台HDG Heading航向HEL Helicopter直升机HF Highfrequency(3-30MHz)高频HGT Height高HJ Sunrisetosunset日出至日没，昼间服务HLDG Holding等候HN Sunsettosunrise日没日出至，夜间服务HPA Hectopascal百帕HSDuringhoursofscheduledoperations按航班开放HIS Horizontalsituationindicator水平状态指示仪HST Highspeedtaxiwayturn-off高速转出滑行道HX Irregularservice非准时服务Hz Hertz(cyclespersecond)赫兹（每分钟周数）IAC Instrumentapproachchart仪表进近图IAF Initialapproachfix开端进近定位点IALInstrumentapproachandlandingchart仪表进近和着陆图IAP Instrumentapproachprocedure仪表进近程序IAR Intersectionofairroutes航路交错点IAS Indicatedairspeed指示空速IATAInternationalairtransportassociation国际航空运输协会IBN Identificationbeacon辨别灯标ICAOInternationalCivilAviationOrganization国际民航组织IDENT Identification辨别，认别标记IF Intermediateapproachfix中间进近定位点IFR Instrumentflightrules仪表飞翔规则IGS Instrumentguidingsystem仪表引导系统ILS Instrumentlandingsystem仪表着陆系统IM Innermarker内指点标IMCInstrumentmeteorologicalconditions仪表气象条件IMG Immigration入境，移民IMPT Important重要INBD Inbound进场，向台INFO Information资料，情报INOP Inoperative不工作INP Ifnotpossible如不行能INPR Inprogress在进行中INS Inertialnavigationsystem惯性导航系统INT Intersection交错点，联系道INTER Intermittent中断的INTL International国际的INTRG Interrogator咨询器INTRP Interrupted中止，扰乱IR Iceonrunway跑道积冰IS Island岛屿ISAInternationalstandardatmosphere国际标准大气JTST Jetstream高空激流KG Kilogram公斤KHz Kilohertz千赫KM Kilometer公里KMH Kilometer(s)perhour公里/时KT Knots海里/时KW Kilowatt千瓦L Locator(Compass)示位台LAT Latitude纬度LB Pound磅LCT Localtime当地时间LDA Landingdistanceavailable可用着陆距离LDG Landing着陆LDI Landingdirectionindicator着陆方向指示器LEN Length长度LF Lowfrequency低频（30-300千赫）LGT Light,lighting灯，灯光LIH Lightintensityhigh高强度灯LIL Lightintensitylow低强度灯LIM Lightintensitymedium中强度灯LLZ Localizer航向道LMM Locatormiddlemarker示位台中指点标LOM Locatoroutermarker示位台外指点标LONG Longitude经度LORANLORAN(longrangeairnavigationsystem)罗兰（远程导航系统）LT Localtime当地时LVL Level水平，层M Meters米MAA Maximumauthorizedaltitude同意的最大高度MAG Magnetic磁的MAINT Maintenance维修，保护MAP Aeronauticalmapsandcharts航空地图和航图MAPT Missedapproachpoint复飞点MAR Marine(Atsea)在海上，在大海MAX Maximum最大的MB Millibar毫巴MBZ Mandatorybroadcastzone强迫广播区MCA Minimumcrossingaltitude最低穿越高度MDA Minimumdescentaltitude最低下降高度MDFMediumfrequencydirection-findingstation中频定向台MEA Minimumen-routealtitude最低航路高度MER TrueheightaboveMSL超出均匀海平面的真高MET Meteorological气象的METAR Aviationroutineweatherreport(inaeronauticalmeteorologicalcode)航空例行天气预告（用航空气象电码）MF Mediumfrequency中频（300-3000赫兹）MHA Minimumholdingaltitude最低等候高度MHz Megahertz兆赫MID Mid-point(relatedtoRVR)中间点（对于跑道视程）MIL Military军用，军事MIN Minutes分钟MKR Markerradiobeacon无线电指点信标MLS Microwavelandingsystem微波着陆系统MM Middlemarker中指点标MM Millimeter毫米MOA Militaryoperatingarea军事活动区MOCMinimumobstacleclearance(required)最小超障余度（要求的）MOD Moderate中度MOV Move,movement活动，运动MPH Milesperhour英里/小时MPS Meterspersecond米/秒MPW Maximumpermittedweight最大同意重量MRA Minimumreceptionaltitude最低接受高度MRG Mediumrange中程MS Minus减，负MSA Minimumsectoraltitude最低扇区高度MSG Message电报MSL Meansealevel均匀海平面MT Mountain山MTOW Maximumtake-offweight最大腾飞重量MTWA Maximumtotalweightauthorized最大同意全重N Night,northornorthern夜间，北或北方NA Notauthorized不同意，不同意NAT NorthAtlantic北大西洋NAV Navigation导航NAVAID Navigationalaid导航设备NB Northbound向北飞翔的NC Nochange无变化NCRP Non-compulsoryreportingpoint非强迫性地点报告点NDB Non-directionalradiobeacon无方向性信标NE Northeast东北NEB North-eastbound向东北飞的NEG No,negative不，不是，不正确的NGT Night夜，夜晚NIL None没有NM Nauticalmiles海里NML Normal正常NOF InternationalNOTAMoffice国际航行通知室NAP Noiseabatementprocedure消噪音程序NOTAM Noticetoairman航行通知NR Number号码，数NW North-west西北NWB North-westbound向西北方向飞的NXT Next下一个，下次OAC Oceanicareacontrolcenter大海管束中心OAS Obstacleassessmentsurface阻碍物评论面OBSObserve,observed,observation观察，察看OBST Obstruction阻碍物OCA Oceaniccontrolarea大海管束区OCA Obstacleclearancealtitude超障高度OCS Obstacleclearancesurface超障面OM Outermarker外指点标OPN Open开放OPR Operator,operate,operative经营人，报务员，运行OPS Operations运行，运行O/R Onrequest按要求，按申请OTS Outofservice不工作OVNGT Overnight留宿PALSPrecisionapproachlightsystem精细进近灯光系统PANS-OPSProceduresforairnavigationservices—aircraftoperations航行服务程序-航空器运行PAPIPrecisionapproachpathindicator精细进近航径指示器PAR Precisionapproachradar精细进近雷达PARL Parallel平行PCNPavementclassificationnumber道面等级序号PCZ Positivecontrolzone绝对管束地带PERM Permanent永远的PJE Parachutejumpingexercise跳伞训练PLN Flightplan飞翔计划PN Priornoticerequired需预先通知POB Personsonboard机上人员PRKG Parking停机PROB Probability概率，可能性PROC Procedure程序PROP Propelleraircraft螺旋桨航空器PROV Provisional暂时的，暂时的PS Plus加、正PSG Passing过往，经过PSGR Passenger游客PSN Position地点PTN Procedureturn程序转弯PWR Power电源，功率QDM Magneticbearingtofacility向台磁方向QDRMagneticbearingfromfacility背台磁方向QFUMagneticorientationofrunway跑道磁向QTE Truebearing真方向QUAD Quadrant象限R Red红色（东西向辅航路）R Radar,right雷达，右RA Radioaltimeter无线电高度表RACRulesoftheairandairtrafficservices空中规则和空中交通服务RAG Runwayarrestinggear跑道制动装置RAI Runwayalignmentindicator瞄准跑道指示器RB Rescueboat救生艇RCA Reachingcruisingaltitude抵达巡航高度RCC Rescueco-ordinationcenter营救协调中心RCF Radiocommunicationfailure无线电通信无效RCL Runwaycenterline跑道中心线RCLM Runwaycenterlinemarkings跑道中心线标记RCLR Recleared再放行RDL Radial径向线REC Receive,receiver收，收到，接收REDL Runwayedgelight(s)跑道边灯REF Reference参阅REG Registration登记，注册REILRunwayendidentificationlights跑道端辨别灯RENL Runwayendlight(s)跑道端灯REP Reportingpoint报告点REQ Request恳求RF Radiofacility无线电设备RFLG Refueling加油（燃料）RH Righthand右手（边）RL Reportleaving离开报告RLCE Requestlevelchangeen-route恳求在航路上改变高度层RLLS Runwaylead-inlightingsystem跑道引进灯光系统RMK Remarks附注，备注RNAV Areanavigation地区导航/领航ROC Rateofclimb上涨率，爬升率ROD Rateofdescent下滑率，下降率RPM Revolutionsperhour每分钟的转数RSCD Runwaysurfacecondition跑道道面状况RSR En-routesurveillanceradar航路监督雷达RTE Route航路RTF Radiotelephony无线电话RTG Radiotelegraphy无线电报RTHL Runwaythresholdlight(s)跑道进口灯RTR Remotetransmitter/receiver遥控发射机/接收机RTS Returntoservice恢复工作RTT Radioteletypewriter无线电传打字机RTZL Runwaytouchdownzonelight(s)跑道接地带灯RVR Runwayvisualrange跑道视程RVV Runwayvisibilityvalues跑道能见度数值RWY Runway跑道S South南、南纬SAR Searchandrescue找寻与援救。
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飞屋环游记 / UpMovietown News presents影城新闻隆重推出的Spotlight on Adventure.“聚焦探险”节目What you are now witnessing现在您将见证Is footage never before seen by civilized humanity.尚未被文明世界知晓的奇异景观A lost world in South America.位于南美洲之失落的世界Lurking in the shadow of majestic Paradise Falls.这里有现代科学未曾造访的奇珍异木、飞禽走兽It sports plants and animals undiscovered by science.藏匿于壮观的天堂瀑布的屏障之下Who would dare set foot on this inhospitable summit?谁敢踏足这片袅无人烟的蛮野之地呢Why, our subject today,那就是----无所不能的Charles Muntz!查尔斯•孟兹The beloved explorer lands his dirigible, 'The Spirit of Adventure', 这位深受爱戴的探险家驾驶着他的"冒险精神"号飞船In New Hampshire this week,于本周抵达汉普郡Completing a yearlong expedition to the lost world.完成了对那片失落世界为期一年的探险之旅This lighter-than-air craff was designed by Muntz himself这艘可腾云驾雾的飞行器由查尔斯•孟兹亲自设计And is longer than 22 prohibltion paddy wagons placed end to end.它比22辆小马车首尾相接还要长And here comes the adventurer now.现在，我们的探险家终于现身了Never apart from his faithful dogs,身随其后的是与他形影不离，无比忠诚的狗伙伴们Muntz conceived the craft for canine comfort.孟兹设计这艘飞船，充分考虑到狗狗们的舒适感受It's a veritable floating palace in the sky,这真是名副其实的空中宫殿Complete with doggy bath and mechanical canine walker.配备了狗狗洗澡机和跑步机And, jiminy Cricket,如同小蟋蟀杰米尼(电影“匹诺曹”中的人物)一样Do the locals consider Muntz the bee's knees.孟兹被当地人捧为明珠And how! Adventure is out there!探险之旅在前方召唤But what has Muntz brought back this time?而这次孟兹给我们带回了什么呢Gentlemen, l give you the monsterof Paradise Falls!先生们请看天堂瀑布怪兽And, golly, what a swell monster this is！天呐，还真是个巨型怪兽But what's this? Scientists cry foul.但这到底是什么呢科学家们大喊被愚弄了The National Explorer'S Society accuses Muntz国家探险协会指控孟兹Of fabricatlng the skeleton.伪造了这个骨架No!不The organization strips Muntz of his membership.协会开除了孟兹的会员资格Humiliated, Muntz vows a return to Paradise Falls倍感耻辱的孟兹发誓要重返天堂瀑布And promises to capture the beast alive!并承诺要活捉这野兽I promise to capture the beast alive,我发誓要活捉这野兽And l will not come back until l do!不达目的誓不还！And so. The explorer's off to clear his name.于是这位探险家为洗刷罪名出征Bon voyage, Charles Muntz,一路顺风查尔斯•孟兹And good luck capturing the monster of Paradise Falls! 希望你顺利捕获天堂瀑布怪兽冒险精神Here's Charles Muntz现在查尔斯•孟兹Piloting his famous dirigible.正驾驶着他那赫赫有名的飞船He hurdles Pikes Peak.跨越险峻的皮克峰He hurdles the Grand Canyon.穿越荒凉的大峡谷He hurdles Mount Everest.翻越喜马拉雅山...He goes around Mount Everest....绕过喜马拉雅山Is there nothing he cannot do?还有什么事能难得倒他吗Yes, as Muntz himSelf says, "Adventure is..."没有！正如孟兹他自己说的那样探险Adventure s out there! Look out!探险之旅在召唤！……注意！Mount Rushmore! Hard to starboard!拉石茂山右转Must get Spirit of Adventure over Mount Rushmore!驾驶"冒险精神"号飞过拉石茂山Hold together, old girl. How're my dogs doing?打起精神来我的狗狗们怎么了冒险精神All engines ahead full!所有引擎马力十足Let's take her up to 26,000 feet.我们要爬升到26000英尺Rudders 18 degrees towards the south.向南转18度It's a beautiful day这真是美好的一天Winds out of the east at 10 knots.东风风速10海里Visibility unlimited.能见度极好Enter the weather in the logbook.把天气记录到飞行日志上There's something down there. I will bring it back for science. 下面有些东西我要带回去做研究It's a puppy!原来是只小狗No time! A storm! Lightning hail.来不及了！暴风雨来了！闪电冰雹！What are you doing?你在干什么Don't you know this is an exclusive club?你不知道这是私人俱乐部吗Only explorers get in here,只有探险家才能进来Not just any kid随便你一个Off the street with a helmet and a pair of goggles. 带着头盔和护目镜的街头小孩是不行的Do you th nk you've got what it takes? Well, do you? 你觉得你有什么优势吗有吗All right, you're in. Welcome aboard.好吧算你一个欢迎加入What's wrong? Can't you talk?你怎么了你是哑巴吗Hey, I don't bite.嗨，我又不会吃了你You and me, we're in a club now.你和我我们现在是一家人了葡萄汽水I saw where your balloon went.我知道你的气球去哪儿了Come on! Let's go get it.来吧我们去把它取下来My name's Ellie.我的名字叫艾莉There it is.看，就在那儿Well, go ahead.去吧Go on.去呀Hey, kid!嗨，小子Thought you might need a little cheering up.我想你可能有点闷I got something to show you.我就带些东西给你看I am about to let you see something要给你看的东西I have never shown to another human being.我从来没给任何人看过的Ever! In my life!这辈子从来都没有You'll have to swear you will not tell anyone.你得发誓不告诉别人Cross your heart. Do it!划叉发誓快My Adventure Book.我的探险记录You know him.Charles Muntz, explorer.查尔斯•孟兹探险家When I get big, I'm going where he's going,等我长大了我要追寻他的足迹South Amerca. It's Iike America but south.南美洲和美洲很像只是靠南边而已Wanna know where I'm gonna live?知道我要住哪里吗"Paradise Falls, a land lost in time."天堂瀑布被时间遗忘的地方I ripped this right out of a library book.我从图书馆里的书上撕下来的I'm gonna move my clubhouse there我要把俱乐部搬到那里去And park it right next to the falls.就放在瀑布的旁边Who knows what lives up there.谁知道有什么东西会住在那儿And once I get there...一旦到了那里Well, I'm saving these pages我要把我所探险的地方For all the adventures I'm gonna have.记录下来填满这本书Only I just don't know how I'm gonna get to Paradise Falls.只是我还不知道怎么到达天堂瀑布That's it! You can take us there in a blimp!对了你可以用氢气球带我们过去Swear you'll take us. Cross your heart!发誓你会带我们去那里快发誓Cross it! Cross your heart! Good you promised. No backing out. 快！发誓！很好，你答应了不许反悔Well, see you tomorrow, kid. Bye!好了明天见小子再见Adventure is out there!探险之旅在前方召唤You know, you don't talk very much.知道吗，你的话不多I like you.我喜欢你Stevie, throw me a deuce!史蒂维庆祝一下Quite a sight, huh, Ellie?好一派景象是吧艾莉Mail is here.有邮件了Shady oaks, retirement village. Oh, brother!绿荫橡树养老院真是的Hey, good morning, Mr. Fredricksen.早上好弗雷德里克森先生Need any help there?需要帮忙吗No. Yes!不用要的Tell your boss over there告诉你老板That you boys are ruining our house.你们这些人正在破坏我们的房子Well, just to let you know,跟你说一句My boss will be happy to take this whole place off your hand. 我老板会很高兴接手你的房子的And would double his last offer.在上次出的价上再翻一倍What do you say to that?你怎么想呢I'll take that as a no, then.我想这应该是不同意了I believe I made my position to your boss quite clear.我想我已经对你老板明确表态了You poured prune juice in his gas tank.你真是他的绊脚石Yeah, that was good!是再好不过了Here, let me talk to him.给我让我跟他说You in the suit. Yes. You.穿西装的那个对就是你Take a bath. Hippie!希望你早日破产，臭小子I am not with him!不是我说的，那老头说的This is serious! He's out to get your house!说真的他会不惜一切代价得到你的房子Tell your boss he can have our house.告诉你老板他可以拥有我的房子-真的？ -等我死了再说吧 - Really? - When I‘m dead! I'll take that as a maybe.我会转告他的Order now. You get the camera,现在订购这款照相机You get the printer, 4x optical zoom,它集打印机功能 4倍光学变焦Schneider lens, photo printer, SD card.施耐德镜片照片打印 SD卡存储于一身Good afternoon. My name is Russell.下午好我叫罗索And I am a wilderness explorer in tribe 54,我是一名野外探险者Squad lodge 12.隶属54队12小组Are you in need of any assistance today, sir?今天您需要帮忙吗先生No.不用- I could help you cross the street. - No.-我可以帮你穿过马路 -不用- I could help you cross youryard. - No.-我可以帮你穿过院子 -不用- I could help you cross your porch. - No-我能帮你穿过门廊 -不用Well, I gotta help you cross something.我总能帮你穿过点什么吧No, I'm doing fine.不我自己能行"Good afternoon. My name is Russell."下午好我叫罗索- Kid... Kid - And I am a Wilderness Explorer-孩子 -是一名野外探险者- In Tribe 54 Sweat Lodge 12. -I Slow down. Kid!-隶属54队 12小组 -等一下孩子- "Are you n need of any assistance..." - Thank you, -你需要任何帮助吗 -谢谢- But I don't need any help! -" ...today, sir?"-但我现在不需要 -先生今天Proceed.继续吧- "Good afternoon..." -But skip to the end!-下午好 -咱们废话少说See these? These are my Wilderness Explorer badges.看到这些了吗这些是野外探险徽章You may notice one is missing.你可能注意到这里少了一个It's my Assisting the Elderly badge.这是帮助老年人的徽章If I get it, I'll become a Senior Wilderness Explorer. 如果我有了我就能成为资深野外探险者了The wilderness must be explored!誓要探索野外It's gonna be great! There's a big ceremony,那会很棒的会有一个盛大的典礼And all the dads come and they pin on our badges.所有的父亲都会来为我们带上的徽章So, you want to assist an old person?所以你想帮助一位老人对吗Yep! Then I'll be a Senior Wilderness Explorer.这样我就能成为资深野外探险者了- You ever heard of a snipe? - Snipe?-你有没有听说过鷸鸟 -鷸鸟？A bird. Beady eyes.是一种鸟有漂亮的珍珠眼Every night it sneaks into my yardand每天晚上它都溜进我的花园And gobbles my poor azaleas.偷吃我的杜鹃花I'm elderly and infirm.我年老体弱I can't catch it.抓不住它If only someone could help me.如果有人能帮我Me, me, I'll do it!我我我来干I don't know, it's awfully crafty.你行吗它可是很狡猾的You'd have to cap your hands three times to lure it in. 你得拍手三次来引诱它I'll find himr, Mr. Fredricksen!我会找到它弗雷德里克森先生I think its burrow is two blocks down. If you go past... 我认为它的洞穴在两个街区外若你穿过Two blocks down. Got it. Snipe.两个街区外知道了鷸鸟Here, snipey, snipey.过来这里小鷸鸟小鹬鸟Bring it back here when you find it.找到了把它带回来Snipe!鷸鸟Okay, keep her coming. Keep coming.好继续往前开And stop. Stop. Stop!停停停Why.... Hey! Hey, you!怎么不……嘿说你呢What do you.... What do you think you re doing?你你知道自己在干嘛吗- I am so sorry sir. -Don't touch that-我很抱歉先生 -别碰那个No, no, no. Let me take care of that for you.不不不让我来帮你修好- Get away from our mailbox! - Hey Sir, I.-离我的邮箱远一点 -先生我I don't want you to touch it!不许你碰它Steve, you all right?史蒂夫你还好吧It looks bad.情况看起来不妙法庭传唤Sorry, Mr. Fredricksen.抱歉弗雷德里克森先生You don't seem like a public menace to me.我觉得你看起来不像会危害公共安全的人Take this.您收好这个The guys from Shady Oaks will be by to pick you up in the morning, okay? 绿荫橡树疗养院的人明天早上会来接您What do I do now, Ellie?我现在该怎么办艾莉Good morning, gentlemen.早上好先生们Good morning, Mr. Fredricksen.早上好弗雷德里克森先生You're ready to go?你准备好走了吗Ready as I'll ever be.早准备好了Would you do me a favor and take this?能帮个忙替我拿着这个吗I'll meet you in the van in just a minute.过会儿车上见I wanna say one last goodbye to the old place.我想和老房子最后道个别Sure. Take all the time you need, sir.当然随您方便先生That's typical. He's probably going to the bathroom for the 80th time. 这很正常他很可能是去浴室哭最后一次了You think he'd take better care of His house你也觉得他对自己的房子太有感情了So long, boys!让你们久等了伙计们I'll send you a postcard from Paradise Falls!我会从天堂瀑布给你们寄明信片的南美洲We are on our way, Ellie.我们上路了艾莉Hi, Mr. Fredricksen.弗雷德里克森先生It's me, Russell.是我罗索What are you doing out here, kid?你在外面做什么孩子I found the snipe and I followed it under your porch.我找到鷸鸟了我跟着它来到你的门廊But this snipe had a long tail但这个鷸鸟有根长尾巴And looked more like a large mouse.看起来更像只大老鼠Please, let me in.请让我进屋吧No.不Oh, alright, you can come....好吧你可以……...in.进来I've never been in a floating house before.我从没见住过飞屋Goggles... Look at this stuff!护目镜看这些东西Wow! You're going on a trip?你准备去旅行吗"Paradise Falls, a land lost in time".天堂瀑布被时间遗忘之地You're going to South America, Mr. Fredricksen?你准备去南美洲吗弗莱德里克森先生Don't touch that! You'll soil it.别碰那个你会弄脏它的You know most people take a plane,大多数人都是坐飞机But you're smart,但你更聪明Because you have your tv, clocks and stuff.因为你可以带着电视钟还有行李Whoa, is this how you steer your house?哇这是用来操控房子的吗Does it really work?真的管用吗Kid would you stop with the....孩子你能不能停下- This makes it go right. - Let go of that...-这是右转 -别碰那个- And that way's left. - Knock it off-这是左转 -放开手Hey, look! Buildings.看啊高楼大厦That building's so close, I could almost touch it! 这幢楼离的好近我快能碰到它了Wow, this is great!这太棒了You should try this, Mr. Fredricksen.你也应该试试弗雷德里克森先生Look, there's a bus看两个街区之外That could take me home two blocks away!就有一辆可以到我家的公交车Hey, I can see your house from here.我可以从这儿看到你的房子Don't jerk around so much, kid. Whoa!别到处乱动小鬼Well, that's not gonna work.恩那样好像行不通I know that cloud, it's a cumulonimbus.我知道那种云是积雨云Did you know that a cumulonimbus forms你知道吗当冷热空气对流When warm air rises over cool air?积雨云就形成了I stayed up all night blowing up ballons... For what? 我吹了一晚上气球图什么呀...and that's how we get lightning.雷电就这样形成了- That's nice kid - Mr. Fredricksen?-不错小鬼 -弗雷德里克森先生- What are you doing over there? - Look.-你在那儿干什么呢 -看See? Cumulonimbus.看到没积雨云My pack!我的包Got ya!抓到了I thought you were dead.我还以为你死了What happened?怎么了I steered us. I did it! I steered the house.是我在驾驶我做到了我把房子安全降落了Steered us?你驾驶的After you tied your stuff down, you took a nap.你把自己的东西都绑住然后小睡了一会So I went ahead and steered us down here.所以我就掌舵把房子开到了这儿Yeah, sure.哦这样啊I can't tell where we are.我不知道我们在哪儿Oh, we're in South Amerca all right.我们已经在南美啦It was a cinch with my Wilderness Explorer GPS.这只是个小问题我用野外探险GPS定位的- GP What? - My dad gave it to Me.-GP 什么 -我爸爸送我的It shows exacty where we are on the planet.它能精确的显示我们在地球上的位置With this baby, we'll never be lost!有这个宝贝我们永远都不会迷路Well get you down, find a bus stop,我要把你放下去找个公车站You just tell the man you wanna go back to your mother.你只要告诉他们你要找妈妈Sure, but I don't think they have buses in Paradise Falls. 可以但是我觉得天堂瀑布这儿没有公车There. That ought to do it.好了我必须得这么做Here, I'll give you some change for the bus fare.我给你点零钱坐车No, I'll just use my city bus pass.不用了我用公交卡就行That's gonna be Iike a billion on transfers我肯定得转十亿次车To get back to my house.才能到家Mr. Fredricksen, how much longer?弗雷德里克森先生还要多久啊Well, we're up pretty high.我们飞得很高Could take hours to get down.估计降落得花上好几个小时呢That thing was.... Building or something.我觉得那是幢大楼什么的What was that, Mr. Fredricksen?那是什么弗雷德里克森先生We can't be cose to the ground yet.不可能接近地面了啊Wait! Wait, no don't! Don't don't!等等不不Wait, wait. Wait!等等等等Russell, hang on.罗索抓紧了- Walk back. Walk back. - Okay.-后退退回去 -好Come on. Come on.加油加油Where.... Where are we?这是这是哪儿This doesn't look like the city or the jungle,看起来既不是城市又不是丛林Mr. Fredricksen.弗雷德里克森先生Don't worry, Ellie. I got it.别担心艾莉我抓住了There it is!就是那里Ellie, it's so beautiful!艾莉真美啊We made it!我们成功了We made it! Russe, we could float right overthere!我们成功了罗索我们可以飞过去Climb up, climb up!往上爬爬呀You mean, assist you?你是说帮你- Yeah, yeah, whatever. - Okay, I'll climb up!-是啊随便了 -好我爬上去- Watch it! - Sorry.-小心点 -对不起Now, when you get up there, go ahead and hoist me up. 你到了之后先进去然后把我拉上去Got it?听到了吗You on the porch yet?你到门口了没What? That's it?什么居然这样I came all this way here to get stuck我千里迢迢来到这儿At the wrong end of this rock pile?难道就困在这个碎石桩的另一头Great.好极了Hey, if I could assist you over there,如果我能帮你到那边Would you sign off on my badge?你能帮我的徽章签名吗What are you talking about?你说什么呢We could walk your house to the fall.我们可以带你的房子走到瀑布那儿- Walk it? - Yeah.-走路 -对啊After all, we weigh it down,毕竟我们已经降下来了We could walk it right overthere.我们可以走到那边去Like a parade balloon.就当是游行中的大气球Now, we're gonna walk to the falls quickly and quietly 我们要迅速且安静的走到瀑布With no rap music or flash dancing.不需要说唱音乐或霹雳舞We have three days at best最多三天Till the helium leaks out of those balloons.气球里的氦气就会漏完And if we are not at the falls when that happens如果到时候我们还没有到瀑布-Sand - We're not getting to the falls.-沙子 -我们就到不了了I found sand!我找到了沙子Don't you worry, Ellie.别担心艾莉We'll get our house over there.我会把我们的房子带过去的It is fun already, isn't it?这已经很好玩了不是吗By the tme we get there,等我们到那儿的时候You're gonna feel so assisted你会发现我帮了很大忙Oh, Mr. Fredricksen,弗莱德里克森先生If we happen to get separated,如果我们不小心分开了Use the wilderness explorer call.就用野外探险信号Wait, why are we going to paradise falls, again?对了我们为什么要去天堂瀑布Hey, let's play a game.我们来玩个游戏吧It's called "see who can be quiet the longest."游戏是看谁沉默得最久Cool! My mom loves that game!酷我妈妈也喜欢这个游戏Darn thing!破玩意Come on, Russell. Would you hurry it up?加油罗索快点啊I'm tired. And my knee hurts.我累了我膝盖疼Which knee?哪个膝盖My elbow hurts and I have to go to the bathroom. 我胳膊肘疼而且还想上厕所I asked you about that five minutes ago.我五分钟前问过你去不去Well, I didn't have to go then!我那时还没一定要去I don't wanna walk anymore.我不想走了Can we stop?停一会吧Russell, if you don't hurry up,罗索如果你不走快点The tigers will eat you.老虎会来吃了你的There are no tigers in South America. Zoology. 南美没有老虎动物学Oh, for the love of Pete!我的天啊Go on into the bushes and do your business.快去灌木丛上厕所吧Okay. Here! Hold my stuff.没问题帮我拿着东西I've always wanted to try this.我一直都想试一试Mr. Fredricksen,弗雷德里克森先生Am I supposed to dig the ho e before or after? 我应该先挖洞还是后挖洞呢None of my concern!不关我的事Oh. It's before!是先挖Tracks?脚印Snipe.鹬鸟Here, snipe. Come on out snipe.来啊鹬鸟出来吧鹬鸟Snipe!鹬鸟Ha, Gotya. Don't be afraid, little snipe.抓到你了别害怕小鹬鸟I am a Wilderness Explorer,我是一个野外探险者So I'm a friend to all of nature.我是所有野外生物的朋友Want some more?想再来点吗Hi, boy. Don't eat it all. Come on out.嘿小子别吃完了出来吧Come on. Come on. Don't be afraid, little snipe. 过来过来别怕小鹬鸟Nice snipe. Good little snipe. Nice....乖鹬鸟鹬鸟小乖乖乖乖Giant snipe.鹬鸟巨兽- I found the snipe. - Oh, did you?-我找到了鹬鸟 -是吗- Are they tall? - Oh, yes. They're very tall. -它们长得高吗 -是的非常高Do they have a Iot of colors?它们浑身五颜六色的吗They do indeed!没错确实如此- Do they like chocolate? - Oh, yeah-它们喜欢吃巧克力吗 -是啊Chocolate?巧克力- Gah! What is that thing? - It's a snipe!-这是什么 -一只鹬鸟There's no such thing as a snipe!根本没有鹬鸟这种东西But you said snipes eat your...但你说过鹬鸟偷吃Go on! Get out of here! Go on!走啊快离开这儿走开Careful, Russell.小心点罗索Hey, look, Mr. Fredricksen. It likes Me.看弗莱德里克森先生他喜欢我- Russell! - No, stop! That tickles!-罗索 -别这样我痒Get out of here. Go on! Get!滚开快走开走开Uh-oh. No, no no! Kevin! It's okay.别别别凯文没事的Mr. Fredrcksen is nice.弗雷德里克森先生是好人- Kevin? - Yeah That's his name I just gave him. -凯文 -对啊我刚给他起的名字Beat it! Vamoose! Scram!离远点快滚开Hey! Thats mine!那是我的Shoo! Shoo Get out of here!嘘嘘快滚开Go on! Beat it!走啊走开Can we keep him? Please?我们可以带着他吗拜托了I'll get the food for him. I'll walk him.我会喂他吃东西带他遛弯I'll change his newspapers帮他换垫子No.不行An explorer is a friend to all,探险家是所有东西的好朋友Be it a plant, a fish or a tiny mole.不论是植物鱼甚至小鼹鼠- That doesn't even rhyme. - Yeah it does.-这根本就不押韵 -不押韵- Hey, look, Kevin. - What?-看凯文 -怎么了Hey, get down! You're not allowed up there!从那儿下来谁让你上去了You come down here right now!你现在就给我下来Sheesh!天哪Can you believe this, Ellie?简直难以置信艾莉Ellie?艾莉Hey, Ellie! Could I keep the bird?艾莉我能带着这只鸟吗She said for you to let me.她叫你让我留着But I told him no. I told you no.但我跟他说了不行我告诉你不行N-O.不行I see you back there.我看到你跟在后面了Go on! Get out of here. Shoo! Go annoy someone else for a while. 走吧离开这儿嘘骚扰其他人去吧Hey, are you okay over there?你那边没事吧Hello?谁Hello, sir! Thank goodness.你好先生谢天谢地It's nice to know someone else is up here.知道这儿还有别人可真好I can smell you.我闻到你们了What? You can smell us?什么你能闻到我们I can smell you.我能闻到你们- Hey! - You were talking to a rock.-嗨 -你在跟石头说话Hey, that one looks like a turtle.那块看起来像乌龟Look at that one! That one looks like a dog!看那边那块看起来像只狗- It is a dog. - What?-真的是只狗 -什么We're not allowed to have dogs in my apartment.我们家里不许养狗Hey, I like dogs!我喜欢狗We have your dog!您的狗在我们这儿Wonder who he belongs to.不知道它是谁养的Sit, boy.坐下小家伙Hey, look, he's trained. Shake.看他受过训练握手- Speak. - Hi, there.-说话 -你好Did that dog just say "Hi, there"?那只狗刚刚是不是说了"你好"Oh yes.没错My name is Dug. I have just met you, and I love you.我叫逗逗我刚遇见你我很喜欢你My master made me this collar.我的主人给我做了这个项圈He is a good and smart master and he made me this collar 他是个聪明的好主人给我做了这个项圈So that I may talk. Squirre!于是我就能说话了松鼠My master is good and sma.我的主人是个聪明的好主人It's not possible.这不可能Oh, it is, because my master is small.是真的我的主人很聪明Cool. What do these do, boy?酷这些按钮是干什么的小家伙Hey, would you您能不能I use that coIIar...我得用这个项圈To talk with. I would be happy if you stopped.来交谈您能不能停下来Russell, don't touch that.罗索别动那个It could be radioactve or something!说不定有辐射什么的I am a great tracker.我是个优秀的追踪者My pack sent me on a specia mission all by myself.主人派我来执行一项特殊任务就我一个Have you seen a bird?你有没有看到一只鸟I want to find one, and I've been on the scent.我在找一只鸟而且我已经闻到它的味道了I am a great tracker. Did I mention that?我是个优秀的追踪者我刚刚说过吧Hey, that is the bird.就是这只I have never seen one up close,我从没这么近距离的看过But this is the bird.不过这就是我要找的鸟May I take your bird up to camp as my prisoner?我能把您的鸟带到营地当俘虏吗Yes, yes, take it.可以可以带它走吧And on the way, learn how to bark like a real dog. 而且路上你还可以学学怎么像真狗一样叫I can bark.我会叫呀And here's howling.还有嗥叫Can we keep him? Please, please, please.我能留着他吗行吗拜托- No. - But it's a talking dog!-不行 -但这是一只会说话的狗It's just a weird trick or something.这不过是个古怪的把戏什么的Let's get to the fall.我们去瀑布吧Please be my prisoner!请当我的俘虏吧Oh please, oh, please be my prisoner!请当我的俘虏吧Oh! Here it is. I picked up the bird's scent!就是这儿我闻到那只鸟的味道了Wait a minute, wait a minute! What is this?等等等等什么味道Chocolate. I smell chocolate.巧克力我闻到巧克力味了I'm getting prunes and ginger cream. Who are they? 我闻到了梅子干和姜汁奶油他们是谁Oh, man, the master will not be pleased.惨了主人不会高兴的We'd better tell him someone took the bird,我们最好告诉他有人捉到了那只鸟Right, Alfa?行吗阿尔法No.不Soon enough the bird will be ours yet again.很快那只鸟就又会是我们的了Find the scent, my compadres,跟着气味走朋友们And you too shall have much rewardings当然对于你们付出的努力From Master for the toil factor you wage.主人也会好好奖赏你们的Alpha, I think there's something wrong with your collar. 阿尔法我觉得你的项圈好像有问题You must have broken it.你肯定是把它弄坏了Yeah. Your voice sounds funny.是啊你声音怪怪的Beta! Gamma! Mayhaps you desire to.... Squirrel贝塔伽马也许你们想要松鼠Mayhaps you deslre to challenge the ranking也许你们想挑战That l have been assigned by my strength and cunning.我凭借勇气和机智而被主人赐予的权利No, no, no But Maybe Dug would.没有没有但也许逗逗想You might wanna ask him.你应该问问他Yeah. I wonder if he's found the bird对不知道他是不是执行"非常任务"时候On his very specia mission已经抓到了那鸟Do not mention Dug to me at this time.现在别和我提逗逗His fool's errand will keep him most occupied!他的白痴差事会让他忙的团团转Most occupied indeed.绝对团团转Do you not agree with that which I am saying to you now? 难道你们对我刚说的有异议吗Sure, but the second Master finds out当然没有但如果主人再知道You sent Dug out by himself,你让逗逗单独行动None of us will get a treat.我们都会跟着遭殃的You are wise, my trusted lieutenant.你很聪明亲爱的中尉This is Alpha calling Dug. Come in. Dug.我是阿尔法呼叫逗逗快接听Hi, Alpha. Hey, your voice sounds funny.你好阿尔法你声音真好笑I know, I know! Have you seen the bird?我知道我知道你见着那鸟了吗Why, yes. The bird is my prisoner now.见到了它现在是我的俘虏Yeah, rght!没错Impossible. Where are you?不可能你在哪儿I am here with the bird我和鸟在一起And l will bring it back, and then you will like me. 我要把它带回去然后你就会喜欢我的- Gotta go. - Hey, Dug, who you talking to?-得挂了 -逗逗你在和谁说话- No, wait, wait! - What's Dug doing?-等等 -逗逗在做什么Why is he with the small mailman?他怎么和个小邮差在一起Where are they?他们在哪儿There he is. Come on.!找到他了快来Oh, please, oh, please, oh, please be my prisoner. 求你了求你了做我的俘虏吧Dug, stop bothering Kevin!逗逗别再烦凯文了That man there says I can take the bird,那个人说我可以带走这鸟And I love that man there like he is my master.而且我把他当作主人来爱I am not your master!我不是你的主人I am warning you once again, bird.我再次警告你鸟- Hey! Quit it - I am jumping on you now bird.-住手 -我压住你啦鸟Russell, at this rate we'll never get to the falls. 罗索照这样下去咱们永远也到不了瀑布Here bird.跟我走I am nobody's Master, got it?我谁的主人也不是知道吗I don't want you here, and I don't want you here!。
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案解析（test1）
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案解析(test1)雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读4test1原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读8原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.A Chronicle of TimekeepingOur conception of time depends on the way we measure itA According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting. They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.B Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social impact. And, for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning was more conspicuous than the passing of the seasons. Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year became more crucial. As the Roman Empire expanded northward, it organised its activity chart for the most part around the solar year.C Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days added to approximate the solar year. Each period of ten days was marked by the appearance of special groups of stars called decans. At the rise of the star Sirius just before sunrise, which occurred around the all-important annual flooding of the Nile, 12 decans could be seen spanning the heavens. The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts. These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons. Summer hours were long, winter ones short; only at the spring and autumn equinoxes were the hours of daylight and darkness equal. Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who disseminated them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.D In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials, which indicate time by the length or direction of the sun's shadow. The sundial's counterpart, the water clock, was designed to measure temporal hours at night. One of the first water clocks was a basin with a small hole near the bottom through which the water dripped out. The falling water level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface. Although these devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe.E The advent of the mechanical clock meant that although itcould be adjusted to maintain temporal hours, it was naturally suited to keeping equal ones. With these, however, arose the question of when to begin counting, and so, in the early 14th century, a number of systems evolved. The schemes that divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and 'great clock' hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight. Eventually these were superseded by 'small clock', or French, hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at midnight.F The earliest recorded weight-driven mechanical clock was built in 1283 in Bedfordshire in England. The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. In the early 1400s came the invention of the coiled spring or fusee which maintained constant force to the gear wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing tension of its mainspring. By the 16th century, a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc and thus was not very efficient.G To address this, a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670, in England. It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship's anchor. The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount. Unlike the original form used in early pendulum clocks, the anchor escapement permitted the pendulum to travel in a very small arc. Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once asecond and thus led to the development of a new floor-standing case design, which became known as the grandfather clock.H Today, highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most electronic devices. Nearly all computers contain a quartz-crystal clock to regulate their operation. Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids. So integral have these time-based technologies become to day-to-day existence that our dependency on them is recognised only when they fail to work.Questions 1-4Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs, A-H.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.1 a description of an early timekeeping invention affected by cold temperatures2 an explanation of the importance of geography in the development of the calendarin farming communities3 a description of the origins of the pendulum clock4 details of the simultaneous efforts of different societies to calculate time usinguniform hoursQuestions 5-8Look at the following events (Questions 5-8) and the list of nationalities below.Match each event with the correct nationality, A-F.sheet.5 They devised a civil calendar in which the months were equal in length.6 They divided the day into two equal halves.7 They developed a new cabinet shape for a type of timekeeper.8 They created a calendar to organise public events and work schedules.List of NationalitiesA BabyloniansB EgyptiansC GreeksD EnglishE GermansF FrenchQuestions 9-13Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.图片10READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on ReadingPassage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-19Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A and C-G from the list below.sheet.List of Headingsi Disobeying FAA regulationsii Aviation disaster prompts actioniii Two coincidental developmentsiv Setting altitude zonesv An oversimplified viewvi Controlling pilots’ lice ncesvii Defining airspace categoriesviii Setting rules to weather conditionsix Taking off safelyx First steps towards ATC14 Paragraph AExample AnswerParagraph B x15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph E18 Paragraph F19 Paragraph GAIR TRAFFIC CONTROLIN THE USAA An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. The resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly increased the safety of flight in the United States, and similar air traffic control procedures are alsoin place over much of the rest of the world.B Rudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well before the Grand Canyon disaster. As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross-country routes to establish the earliest airways. However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the 1930s, radio communication was coming into use for ATC. The first region to have something approximating today's ATC was New York City, with other major metropolitan areas following soon after.C In the 1940s, ATC centres could and did take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved radio communication brought about by the Second World War, but the system remained rudimentary. It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America's airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast planes, reducing pilots' margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.D Many people think that ATC consists of a row of controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at the nation's airports, telling arriving and departing traffic what to do. This is a very incomplete part of the picture. The FAA realised that the airspace over the United States would at any time have many different kinds of planes, flying for many different purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the same kind of structure was needed to accommodate all of them.E To meet this challenge, the following elements were put into effect. First, ATC extends over virtually the entire UnitedStates. In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace. In certain areas, mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends down to 215m above the ground, and, in the immediate vicinity of an airport, all the way down to the surface. Controlled airspace is that airspace in which FAA regulations apply. Elsewhere, in uncontrolled airspace, pilots are bound by fewer regulations. In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by ATC can easily enter the controlled airspace.F The FAA then recognised two types of operating environments. In good meteorological conditions, flying would be permitted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety. Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane's instrument panel to fly safely. On a clear day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were devised in a way which accommodates both VFR and IFR operations in the same airspace. However, a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an instrument rating which is above and beyond the basic pilot's license that must also be held.G Controlled airspace is divided into several different types, designated by letters of the alphabet. Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F, while controlled airspace below 5,490m above sea level and not in the vicinity of an airport is Class E. All airspace above 5,490m is designated Class A. The reason for thedivision of Class E and Class A airspace stems from the type of planes operating in them. Generally, Class E airspace is where one finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial turboprop aircraft. Above 5,490m is the realm of the heavy jets, since jet engines operate more efficiently at higher altitudes. The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation. This is because ATC control of the entire space is essential. Three other types of airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of airports. These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations. For example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C airspace is establish two-way radio contact with ATC. No explicit permission from ATC to enter is needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all regulations governing VFR flight. To enter Class B airspace, such as on approach to a major metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is required. The private pilot who cruises without permission into this airspace risks losing their license.Questions 20-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this20 The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.21 Air Traffic Control started after the Grand Canyon crash in 1956.22 Beacons and flashing lights are still used by ATC today.23 Some improvements were made in radio communication during World War II.24 Class F airspace is airspace which is below 365m and not near airports.25 All aircraft in Class E airspace must use IFR.26 A pilot entering Class C airspace is flying over an average-sized city.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.TELEPATHYCan human beings communicate by thought alone? For more than a century the issue of telepathy has divided the scientific community, and even today it still sparks bitter controversy among top academicsSince the 1970s, parapsychologists at leading universities and research institutes around the world have risked the derision of sceptical colleagues by putting the various claims for telepathy to the test in dozens of rigorous scientific studies. The results and their implications are dividing even the researchers who uncovered them.Some researchers say the results constitute compelling evidence that telepathy is genuine. Other parapsychologists believe the field is on the brink of collapse, having tried to produce definitive scientific proof and failed. Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however: that the most impressive evidence so far has come from the so-called 'ganzfeld'experiments, a German term that means 'whole field'. Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to suspect that telepathy might involve 'signals' passing between people that were so faint that they were usually swamped by normal brain activity. In this case, such signals might be more easily detected by those experiencing meditation — like tranquillity in a relaxing 'whole field' of light, sound and warmth.The ganzfeld experiment tries to recreate these conditions with participants sitting in soft reclining chairs in a sealed room, listening to relaxing sounds while their eyes are covered with special filters letting in only soft pink light. In early ganzfeld experiments, the telepathy test involved identification of a picture chosen from a random selection of four taken from a large image bank. The idea was that a person acting as a 'sender' would attempt to beam the image over to the 'receiver' relaxing in the sealed room. Once the session was over, this person was asked to identify which of the four images had been used. Random guessing would give a hit-rate of 25 per cent; if telepathy is real, however, the hit-rate would be higher. In 1982, the results from the first ganzfeld studies were analysed by one of its pioneers, the American parapsychologist Charles Honorton. They pointed to typical hit-rates of better than 30 per cent — a small effect, but one which statistical tests suggested could not be put down to chance.The implication was that the ganzfeld method had revealed real evidence for telepathy. But there was a crucial flaw in this argument —one routinely overlooked in more conventional areas of science. Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were manyother ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' — where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver —to outright fraud. In response, the researchers issued a review of all the ganzfeld studies done up to 1985 to show that 80 per cent had found statistically significant evidence. However, they also agreed that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to positive results, and they drew up a list demanding new standards for future research.After this, many researchers switched to autoganzfeld tests — an automated variant of the technique which used computers to perform many of the key tasks such as the random selection of images. By minimising human involvement, the idea was to minimise the risk of flawed results. In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a 'meta-analysis', a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies. Though less compelling than before, the outcome was still impressive.Yet some parapsychologists remain disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual ganzfeld studies. Defenders of telepathy point out that demanding impressive evidence from every study ignores one basic statistical fact: it takes large samples to detect small effects. If, as current results suggest, telepathy produces hit-rates only marginally above the 25 per cent expected by chance, it's unlikely to be detected by a typical ganzfeld study involving around 40 people: the group is just not big enough. Only when many studies are combined in a meta-analysis will the faint signal of telepathy really become apparent. And that is what researchers do seem to be finding.What they are certainly not finding, however, is any changein attitude of mainstream scientists: most still totally reject the very idea of telepathy. The problem stems at least in part from the lack of any plausible mechanism for telepathy.Various theories have been put forward, many focusing on esoteric ideas from theoretical physics. They include 'quantum entanglement', in which events affecting one group of atoms instantly affect another group, no matter how far apart they may be. While physicists have demonstrated entanglement with specially prepared atoms, no-one knows if it also exists between atoms making up human minds. Answering such questions would transform parapsychology. This has prompted some researchers to argue that the future lies not in collecting more evidence for telepathy, but in probing possible mechanisms. Some work has begun already, with researchers trying to identify people who are particularly successful in autoganzfeld trials. Early results show that creative and artistic people do much better than average: in one study at the University of Edinburgh, musicians achieved a hit-rate of 56 per cent. Perhaps more tests like these will eventually give the researchers the evidence they are seeking and strengthen the case for the existence of telepathy.Questions 27-30Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 Researchers with differing attitudes towards telepathy agree on28 Reports of experiences during meditation indicated29 Attitudes to parapsychology would alter drastically with30 Recent autoganzfeld trials suggest that success rates will improve withA the discovery of a mechanism for telepathyB the need to create a suitable environment for telepathy.C their claims of a high success rate.D a solution to the problem posed by random guessing.E the significance of the ganzfeld experiments.F a more careful selection of subjects.G a need to keep altering conditions.Questions 31-40Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 31-40 on your answer sheet.Telepathy ExperimentsName/DateDescription Result FlawGanzfeldStudies1982 Involved a personacting as a31..............who picked out one32............froma random selectionof four, and a33..............,who then tried toidentify it. Hit-rates werehigher than withrandom guessing. Positive resultscould be producedby factors such as34..............or35.............. .Autoganzfeldstudies1987 36.............were used for keytasks to limit theamount of37..............in carrying out thetest. The results werethen subjected toa 38............. The 39..........between differenttest results wasput down to thefact that samplegroups were not40...................(aswith most ganzfeldStudies).剑桥雅思阅读8原文参考译文test1PASSAGE 1参考译文：时间记录的历史我们对时间的概念取决于我们测量时间的方式有考古证据表明，至少5000年前，早在罗马帝国尚未出现之时，巴比伦人就开始测量时间，他们引进日历来统筹公共活动，计划货物装运，特别是管控作物种植和收割。
空中交通流量管理(ATFM)危机管理技术初探
空中交通流量管理(ATFM)危机管理技术初探作者：李军胜来源：《科技创新导报》 2013年第19期李军胜（中国民用航空中南地区空中交通管理局区域管制中心广东广州 510406）摘要：危机管理技术的应用对提高空中交通运输效率非常重要。
虽然我国目前还没有建立完整统一的空中交通流量管理（ATFM)系统，但是ATFM危机管理技术一直在探索中改进，论文提出我国未来ATFM系统的构想，并根据空中交通流量管理中存在的危机问题，提出相应的危机管理技术方案。
关键词：空中交通流量管理(ATFM）危机危机管理中图分类号：P642.22 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-098X(2013)07（a）-0093-011 ATFM危机管理ATFM中的危机是指由于自然或人为的诱因，使得空中交通原有的正常运营功能减弱甚至丧失，并且有不断扩张的趋势，机的发生必然会导致管理系统内部的无序和系统失衡,从而影响流量管理绩效。
主要是特殊情况：机场低能见度，机场由于各种原因短期或者长期关闭，航空器危急情况，空域关闭，航路恶劣天气，由于技术或其他原因返航等而导致航班延误等。
ATFM中的危机管理就是在遇到上述的危机情况时，空中交通流量管理部门根据相关规定执行应急措施和管理技术，维持空中交通的有序进行，确保危机情况下的安全，快速和有效，使损失减到最少。
2 ATFM系统构想ATFM系统构想采用两级架构，中央流量管理单元（CFMU）→流量管理席位（FMP）。
CFMU负责接收和处理各种有关飞行的信息，并给出流量管理建议，直接发送到流量管理席位（FMP）。
流量管理席位（FMP）直接设立于各空中交通管制区（ACC）,工作人员本身就是管制人员，并且每个FMP有一个负责人（Supervisor）。
根据各管制区的不同，每个FMP负责各自的管制扇区，将各自所辖区域内的有关数据信息提供给CFMU，并接收CFMU发来的流量管理信息。
在遇到特殊情况时，所有相关的航班将会受到应用于处理特殊情况的危机管理方法的影响。
2023-2024学年上海市松江区高三上学期期末质量监控英语试卷
2023-2024学年上海市松江区高三上学期期末质量监控英语试卷Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Buy Now, Pay Later SpendingBuy now, pay later(BNPL) spending is expected to rise to record levels this holiday season. With so many young “buy now, pay later” shoppers already in debt from this short-term financing tool not requiring interest, questions emerge: Why do these shoppers use such a tool? And what risks does it pose to their budgets in the months 1 (come)?The many Generation Z and millennials (typically around 40 years and younger) tend to use this short-term financing, 2 allows them to buy items and pay for them over time. Offered mostly by financial technologies, BNPL allows these customers to pay back their purchases 3 interest and with the first payment usually made at checkout. The most common “buy now, pay later” plan is 4 customers make four equal payments and pay off the debt in six weeks. It’s been a lifeline for some people, such as a university student 5 weekly income is not big enough. “BNPL provides consumers with flexible payment options so they 6 manage spending,” said Vivek Pandya, lead analyst at Adobe Digital Insights. That is of great importance for many consumers, especially 7 with a tendency to purchase higher-cost items.However, since BNPL 8 (appear), warnings from experts have come into our view. They have been indicating that it’s financially unhealthy to form such a spending habit. According to New York Federal Reserve economists, BNPL may encourage debt to increase over time, 9 (influence) a consumer’s ability to meet non-BNPL commitments, or users to over extend themselves. Users should also note that 10 interest is not charged on the loan, they’ll be hit with late fees for missed payments, which can add up quickly, says the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A．attractive B．bothered C．building D．contrastsE．crossed F．demonstrates G．dramatically H．greyedI．instrumental J．sustaining K．vividlyA Review on OppenheimerOppenheimer is Christopher Nolan’s film about J. Robert Oppenheimer, the man known as “the father of the atomic(原子的) bomb”. As a drama about genius, pride and error, it 11 the life of the American theoretical physicist who helped research and develop the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, two cities in Japan, during World War II.Oppenheimer is a great achievement, partly because it 12 relates that period of history thanks to Nolan’s lifelike filmmaking. Nolan goes deep and long on the 13 of the bomb, but he doesn’t restage the attacks and there are no documentary images of the dead or cities in ashes.The story tracks Oppenheimer across decades, starting in the 1920s with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair 14 . The film touches on his personal and professional milestones, thecontroversies that 15 him, and the attacks that nearly ruined him. Besides, the friendships and romances 16 him, yet also troubling, are also described.The path of Oppenheimer’s life 17 shifted at Berkeley. He was once only an academic there, but his identity changed after Germany entered Poland by force. By that time, Oppenheimer had become friends with Ernest Lawrence, a physicist who invented the historic particle accelerator (粒子加速器) and played a(n) 18 role in the Manhattan Project. And Oppenheimer also met the project’s military head and was then made director of Los Alamos, where much of his later research on nuclear weapons took place.François Truffaut once wrote that “war films, even those who support peace, even the best, willingly or not, present wars in a certain 19 way.” That is why Nolan refuses to show the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing millio ns of souls. In the film, you hear that Oppenheimer’s famous words 20 his own mind as the mushroom cloud rose: “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” Nolan is actually reminding audience to reconsider the roles they can play in the world. Paris has long been at the heart of the history of flight. It is where the Montgolfier brothers went up in the first hot-air balloon in 1783, and where Charles Lindbergh completed the first one-person transatlantic areophane journey in 1927. Next year, if all goes to plan, Paris will witness the birth of another industry________, when Volocopter, a German maker of electric aircraft, launches a flying-taxi service during the Olympic Games. At the Paris Airshow in June, Volocopter and some of its competitors displayed a new generation of________flying machines designed for urban transport.The electrification of aviation (航空) has often been dismissed as a pipe dream, with batteries assumed too heavy a______for traditional fuel in an airborne vehicle. For longer journeys, that may well be true. Yet upstarts like Volocopter are betting that electrification can________a boom in demand for clean and quick air journeys over shorter distances.The main form of a flying taxi under________, called an electric vertical (垂直的) take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, is expected to carry up to four passengers plus a pilot. Powered by batteries, it is predicted to be both quiet enough to reduce complaints in crowded cities, and fast: capable of up to 300kph, enough to comfortably________a car, especially the one stuck in traffic. And optimists believe the absence of traffic in the sky will also make eVTOLs well-suited to________ operation. They could prove handy for transporting goods, too. That vision hasinspired________predictions. For example, Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, estimates global spending on eVTOLs could hit $1,000 billion by 2040!Regardless of the above________expectations, challenges remain. One problem is technical certification, which is turning out to be a(n)________process as aviation regulators work on an entirely new form of aircraft. Late last year, due to regulatory delays and some other factors, Joby, a Silicon Valley startup, was forced to________its launch by one more year until 2025. Many have even longer to go. The bigger question is — is the business of flying taxis_______practicable? EVTOLs currently range in price from $1 million to $ 4 million. Some believe that their cost may come down as the industry develops. Brian Yutko of Wisk, a maker backed by Boeing, says that flying-taxi rides will be accessible to________in the near future. And Joby promises that its fares will be comparable to catching a common taxi. ________, there is an opposite belief that eVTOLs are likely to remain expensive. Some studies suggest the cost could end up as high as $7 per kilometer, many times a regular taxi fare. That means, even without a pilot, flying taxis may remain a convenience________only to a lucky few.Let’s expect plenty more experiments with electric airc raft in the years ahead.21.A．cooperator B．competitor C．observer D．pioneer 22.A．wind-driven B．battery-driven C．gas-driven D．solar-driven 23.A．substitute B．shelter C．treatment D．desire24.A．regulate B．maintain C．unlock D．reverse 25.A．pressure B．attack C．development D．repair26.A．underestimate B．update C．outpace D．overdo 27.A．rigid B．autonomous C．attentive D．illegal28.A．daring B．discouraging C．unclear D．ordinary 29.A．technological B．unrealistic C．rewarding D．enthusiastic 30.A．efficient B．simple C．lengthy D．intelligent 31.A．put off B．speed up C．object to D．approve of 32.A．historically B．technically C．theoretically D．economically 33.A．the learned B．the disabled C．the seniors D．the masses 34.A．Furthermore B．However C．Fortunately D．Consequently35.A．affordable B．valuable C．unbelievable D．unsuitable Every summer, as a child, I spent with my parents the annual family holiday, flying away from our home in the West Midlands to their birthplace in Ireland.I enjoyed it, but once, I behaved differently and left home. Package tours and long-distance flights became my idea of a holiday. I then went and ran into an Englishman who also came of Irish stock, and we both felt the urge to renew our knowledge of Ireland.It was important for us to discover something different from our childhood visits. So that’s how we came to drive along the winding St John’s Point Peninsula (半岛) in Donegal, part of Ireland’s Wild Atlantic Way, to visit a unique part of the 20th-century history — the Donegal Corridor.When anyone drives to the point where the land runs out, he sees giant white stones fixed firmly in green grass spelling out “EIRE” and “70”, while the Atlantic wind fiercely blows across the headland and the ice-white waves smash into the rocks below. The meaning behind the stones? They date back to the Second World War when St John’s Point was number 70 in a total of 83 Look Out Points (LOPs), observation stations set up and maintained by Ireland all around its coast.There lies a bit of curious UK-Ireland history. Although Ireland was officially neutral during the war, the Battle of the Atlantic was being fought close to Irish shores, and these LOPs, staffed by local volunteers known as Coast watchers, passed on information on activities connected with the sea and weather fronts to London.At St John’s Point, we were standing right under the Donegal Corridor, a long narrow area of airspace in which Ireland ensured safe passage during World War II to planes in the RAF (Royal Air Force) from bases in the UK-governed North of Ireland. The stone markings acted as reference points to aircrews.Standing on this rough area of land surrounded by the wild and windy ocean brought home to us the conditions in which the Coast watchers and aircrews in the RAF cooperated in a shared history.I revolted against my family tradition that summer, and I fulfilled my aim of discovering something new and absorbed all Donegal has to offer: empty golden beaches, mysterious ancient stone circles, folk music and crafts, and tasty food. I had fallen in love with Ireland all over again.36. What can we learn about the author from paragraphs 1 to 3?A．She met a childhood friend from Ireland that year.B．She and that Englishman both had Irish ancestors.C．She took package tours and long-distance flights every year.D．She explored the Wild Atlantic Way with her family members.37. The giant white stones were important during WWII because .A．the Battle of the Atlantic took place right close to themB．weather information from the UK was sent through themC．they functioned as reference points to aircrews in the RAFD．they ranked at the top in the 83 LOPs around the Irish coast38. The expression “revolted against” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .A．worried about B．passed on C．celebrated D．disobeyed39. Which might be the best title of the passage?A．A Global Journey B．Discovering Undiscovered DonegalC．Happy Holidays D．Escaping from the West Midlands Ads, news, movies, TV shows, and many other types of media all want you to accept their messages at face value. However, you should look beneath the surface and ask questions to decode what the media message is really saying. You need to ask yourself two basic questions: Who is the source of the message? How is it trying to get your attention?Question 1: Who is the source of the message?(Picture A)Knowing who is responsible for a message can reveal its true intention, as well as anypossible prejudice. Just take the picture above as an example. Why are we asked to ban the impacts? Don’t forget that the source at the bottom plays a part. If, sometimes, the source isn’t clear, we can look for it by checking legal documents.Question 2: How is it trying to get your attention?(Picture B)The obvious part of a message is called the text, (Picture C)Photo control is nearly as oldas photography itself, but(Picture D)Social media users can alsogive themselves a digitalwhich includes any language, imagery, music, or anything else you can see or hear. The implied part of a message is called the subtext, and it’s suggested by the content rather than directly seen or heard. We as individuals then decide how to interpret this subtext based on our personal ideas, world views, and expectations. People with different perspectives might interpret the same piece of message differently. Mind that some media may just take advantage of the prejudice. modern technology has madeit common and easy to do.Using photo editing software,almost anyone can make bigchanges to an image, fromadjusting colors and lightingto adding and removingcontent. That’s why youshould always keep a criticaleye on images in the media.Some media may hold backor overstate information, likean advertisement that makesthe products appear moreeffective than they really are.transformation with a littleeffort. They can makethemselves look howeverthey like in just a fewmoments. But since theseedited images are presentedas reality, they can affect ourmental well-being. Byconstantly seeing pictures ofartificially superb people,some of us may start tobelieve that these picturesare genuine, and that we cannever live up to theseunrealistic ideals. This typeof harmful thinking can leadto all sorts of mental andemotional health concerns.40. We can learn from the passage that .A．the media hope that you can make sense of their true meaningsB．finding the sources of media helps to form a sensible judgmentC．text is more important than subtext when we analyze the messagesD．photography and photo editing software date back to the same time41. Your aunt finds her newly-bought belt doesn’t make her so stylish as advertised. Which picturecan illustrate the case?A．Picture A B．Picture B C．Picture C D．Picture D42. This passage can be found under the section of ________.A．Mass Media Reading B．Content-Targeted AdvertisingC．Deconstructing Web-pages D．Persuasive Language Recognition Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading.Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial (抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periodswhen faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms.Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.Using one disease-causing virus to fight bacteria has several advantages. Like antibiotics, phages only tend to choose particular targets, leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones. Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.That, at least, is the theory. The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.The first step is to run more clinical trials. Interest from Western firms is growing. But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics. Since they are natural living things, there may be trouble patenting them, making it hard to recover any investment.Governments can help fun d basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages.43. We can learn from paragraphs 1 and 2 that .A．doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for themB．antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predictedC．new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of themD．previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems44. What is phages’ advantage over antibiotics?A．They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria.B．They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill.C．They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance.D．They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria.45. According to the passage, the obstacle to phage treatment is that .A．there is little chance of patenting phages in the futureB．governments provide financial support for other researchC．the emergence of superbug s holds back drug firms’ interestD．over-dependence on antibiotics distracts attention from phages46. What is the main idea of the passage?A．Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics.B．Phages could help prevent an antibiotics crisis.C．Development of antibiotics is limited by phages.D．Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics.Social MaskingAmanda is always an expert at working the room. She would adopt the manner of the people around her to fit in while hiding her true personality. This is social masking, the process of hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted. 47 Instead, they are hoping to fit in with everybody else. Social masking is a set of learned pattern-matching behaviors, movements and actions where you try to be normal to fit in rather than stand out.48 People all wear certain social masks in order to get through some tricky life situations with confidence, according to Dr. Tara Quinn-Cirillo. And some experts even think social masking is built in all human beings at a physical level, adding that something in our brain gives indications of how to essentially stay safe and not stick out.In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why we are still dependent on these social masking behaviors. “Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says Tara. “It has been a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own, from a historical perspective. 49 ”There is a huge difference between naturally identifying with someone and consciously social masking. 50 Social masking, on the other hand, involves a conscious effort to change your personality to suit your surroundings. It typically involves depressing your natural urges and changing your personal interests to fit the crowd.51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Should We Read Literary Classics?Many have grown up on a healthy diet of literary classics. Some literary classics have been inspiring readers in many ways. In this age of fast-turners, how does investing our time in a timeless literary classic change us for the better?Many literary classics from yesteryear, which got little or no success when published, are considered invaluable. These books offer a window through which we can experience histories rooted in different cultures. One can always ask, “But we can do so by reading our history books t oo. Why do we need to read classics?” The simple answer is that these literary classics are not just a retelling of history. They allow us to have a more individualized experience, where they show us other ways to look at history.It is common knowledge that reading as a habit helps us improve our command of the language. But literary classics have an edge: the enriching writing style is something that sets them apart. Fascinated with the amazing wording and phrasing, we’ll surely pause and wonder about wha t we read. For instance, when we read Shakespeare, we naturally begin to consider how to better express our ideas just like his far-reaching “Have more than you show; speak less than you know.”One more benefit is that after reading classics, we won’t see non-classics as just other stories: we’ll become interested in them. Maybe we’ll realize that some details we ignored last time are actually worth appreciating, or we’ll discover literary devices that bring a whole new meaning to the story. Literary classics offer us more perspectives to dig deep and enhance our ability to think and reason, which will inevitably spill over into our reading of other works. We finally fall in love with non-classics as well.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________52. 室友们商定好每两天打扫一次宿舍。