2015年武汉大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2015年武汉大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Proofreading 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

V ocabulary

1．His natural______ saved him from being spoilt by fame and success.

A．honesty

B．simplicity

C．modesty

D．morality

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析。句意：他天生谦逊，不因名望和成就而骄傲。modesty谦逊；质朴；稳重。honesty诚实，正直。simplicity朴素；天真；愚蠢。morality 道德；品行，美德。

2．Patriotism was the army captain’s______when he spoke at our school assembly.

A．theme

B．theorem

C．thesis

D．theory

正确答案：A

解析：近形词辨析。句意：这位陆军上尉在我们学校大会上的发言是以爱国主义为主题。theme主题；主旋律；题目。theorem[数]定理；原理。thesis论文；论点。theory理论；学说；推测。

3．A modern ship has its______in the hollowed log used by primitive peoples.

A．proton

B．pattern

C．predecessor

D．prototype

正确答案：D

解析：近形词辨析。句意：原始人使用的中间挖空的木头是现代船只的原型。prototype原型；标准，模范。proton质子。pattern模式；图案；样品。predecessor 前任，前辈。

4．You should______the wheels of your bicycle to reduce the friction.

A．label

B．illustrate

D．manipulate

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析。句意：你应该把自行车的轮子润滑一下，以减少摩擦。lubricate使……润滑；给……加润滑油。label标注；贴标签于。illustrate阐明，举例说明；图解。ma—nipulate操纵；篡改。

5．A person ought to conform the______of behaviour.

A．patterns

B．models

C．modes

D．norms

正确答案：D

解析：固定词组。句意：一个人应该遵守一定的行为规范。norm有“规范，基准”的意思，norms of behaviour行为规范。model模型；模范；样式。mode 模式；方式；风格。

6．Travel can be an excellent______to one’s education.

A．complement

B．completion

C．component

D．competitor

正确答案：A

解析：近形词辨析。句意：旅行对于一个人的教育来说是个绝好的补充。complement补足物；补语；余角。completion完成，实现。component成分；组件。competitor竞争者，对手。component强调的是构成某物的成分或部分，a component of sth．某物的一个组成部分。

7．The______to the contract must be signed by two witnesses.

A．assignment

B．attachment

C．assessment

D．alignment

正确答案：B

解析：近形词辨析。句意：合同附件需有两位见证人签字。attachment附件；依恋。assign—ment分配；任务。assessment评定；估价。alignment队列；校准；结盟。attachment tothe contract合同附件。

8．He accepted______for the damage done to the car.

A．liberty

C．license

D．likelihood

正确答案：B

解析：近形词辨析。句意：他为车子造成的损坏承担责任。liability责任；债务；可能性。liberty自由；许可；冒失。license执照，许可证。likelihood可能性，可能。accept liability承担责任，负责。

9．If the main power line fails, the hospital will use its______generator.

A．residual

B．subordinate

C．obedient

D．auxiliary

正确答案：D

解析：词义辨析。句意：主电力线路一旦出现故障，医院将使用辅助发电机发电。auxiliary辅助的；副的；附加的。auxiliary generator辅助发电机。residual 剩余的；残留的。subordinate从属的；次要的。obedient顺从的，服从的；孝顺的。

10．The big searchlight______a spot a mile away.

A．ignites

B．stimulates

C．illuminates

D．illustrates

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析。句意：那盏大型探照灯照射着一英里之遥的地方.illuminate 照亮；阐明，说明。ignite点燃；使燃烧；使激动。stimulate起刺激作用；起促进作用。illus—trate阐明，举例说明。

11．His newly published novel enjoys great______.

A．attention

B．likelihood

C．popularity

D．controversy

正确答案：C

解析：固定词组。句意：他新出版的那本小说广受欢迎。enjoy great popularity 享有盛誉，广受欢迎。enjoy great attention深受关注。相比之下，C项更加符合题意。controversy争论；论战；辩论。

12．The young mother looked at her sleeping baby with a(an)______smile.

B．earnest

C．radiant

D．radical

正确答案：C

解析：近形词辨析。句意：年轻的母亲满脸微笑地看着她熟睡的孩子。radiant 辐射的；容光焕发的；光芒四射的。a radiant smile“灿烂的微笑，满脸微笑”，形容母亲看着自己孩子满心的欣喜。earnest认真的，热心的。an earnest smile“诚挚的微笑”，相比之下，与本句中描述的情景不太符合，因此排除。elegant高雅的，优雅的；讲究的。radical激进的；根本的；彻底的。

13．Always tell your neighbours when you are going, as a______against burglary.

A．safeguard

B．hindrance

C．sacrifice

D．violation

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析。句意：外出时一定要告诉邻居一声，以防止盗窃。safeguard 保护；保卫；保护措施。a safeguard against sth．防止某事发生。hindrance障碍；妨碍；阻碍物。sacrifice牺牲；祭品；供奉。violation违反；违背；妨碍。

14．The plate dropped on the floor and______into little pieces.

A．smashed

B．crashed

C．cracked

D．crushed

正确答案：A

解析：近义词辨析。句意：盘子掉到地上，摔成碎片。四个词均有是某物破碎的意思。smash表示撞击，意思为“打碎”，强调撞击的结果。本题强调盘子被打碎这一结果，A项符合题意。crash指突然猛烈地撞击，并伴有轰隆声，强调撞击的动作和猛烈程度，通常用来表示飞机失事或汽车相撞。crack破裂；爆裂。crush挤；被压碎。

15．Having rooms in which to study will not______, we must also have the time to use them.

A．suffice

B．satisfy

C．quantify

D．rejoice

解析：词义辨析。句意：光有可以学习的房间还不够，我们还必须有来使用它的时间。suf—fice足够；有能力。satisfy令人满意；令人满足。quantify量化；定量。rejoice高兴；庆祝。

16．Their______fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.

A．infinite

B．inherent

C．potential

D．sole

正确答案：D

解析：词义辨析。句意：他们唯一的过错就在于没能识别出所有涉及到的因素。sole唯一的；单独的；仅有的。infinite无限的，无穷的。inherent固有的；内在的；遗传的。potential潜在的；可能的。

17．Marilyn came back from her vacation with______arms and face.

A．tan

B．tame

C．blackened

D．freshened

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析。句意：度假回来，玛丽莲的胳膊还有脸都晒黑了。tan意思为“黄褐色；晒黑的肤色”，符合题意，因此选A项。tame驯服的；乏味的；顺从的。blackened为blacken的过去分词，意思为“变黑的；被损坏的”。freshened 为freshen的过去分词，意思为“变得新鲜的”。

18．The wagon trains had to______Indian territory to reach California.

A．transfer

B．transverse

C．traverse

D．transport

正确答案：C

解析：近形词辨析。句意：马车队必须穿过印第安保留区才能到达加利福尼亚。traverse穿过，横越(某地区)；在……来回移动。transfer使转移；调任。transport 运输，运送。transverse不能作动词，作形容词时意思为“横向的；横断的”。

19．The propeller began to______, and the small plane started down the runway.

A．roll

B．whirl

C．ventilate

D．roar

正确答案：B

解析：词义辨析。句意：螺旋桨开始转起来，这架小飞机开始沿着跑道滑行。whirl“旋转，回旋”，指旋转或作圆周运动，侧重急速或力量。roll“卷；滚动；转动”，指某物在平面上滚动或翻滚。ventilate使通风；给……装通风设备；宣布。roar咆哮；喧闹。

20．The government’s recent statement of the unemployment does not______with the facts.

A．accord

B．conform

C．commence

D．consent

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析。句意：政府关于失业的最新声明与实际情况不符。accord with“同……相符合；与……一致”常用于否定句，这里表示与实际情况不符，故A选项为正确答案。conform with也可以表示“符合，与……一致”，但它多表示符合相关规定或观点。commence开始；着手。consent同意；赞成；答应。

21．They planned to______in the middle of the night, when the guards were asleep.

A．go off

B．run out

C．break off

D．break out

正确答案：D

解析：固定词组。句意：他们打算等到半夜守卫熟睡时逃出去。break out(使)脱逃，(使)逃走；爆发。因此D项符合题意。go off离开；变质；睡去。run out 用完，耗尽；跑出。break off折断；突然停止，暂停。

22．It’s pretty windy. You’d better______your hat.

A．add up to

B．lend itself to

C．hold on to

D．stand up to

正确答案：C

解析：固定词组。句意：风很大，你最好抓紧你的帽子。hold on to紧紧抓住，抓牢。C项符合题意。add up to总计达，总共。lend itself to适宜于，适用于。stand up to经得起；抵抗；勇敢地面对。

23．She’s playing so well this year that people expect her to______all the big prizes again.

A．carry on

B．carry off

C．carry out

D．take off

正确答案：B

解析：固定词组。今年她打得很好，大家都期盼她能再次夺得所有奖项。carry off夺去；获得；成功地处理。carry on继续；参与。carry out执行，实行；贯彻。take off脱下(衣帽、鞋子等)；起飞；离开。

24．When he arrived, he found______the aged and the sick at home.

A．nothing but

B．none other than

C．none but

D．no other than

正确答案：C

解析：固定词组。句意：他回来时，发现只有老人和病人仍然留在家里。none but只有；仅。nothing but除了……以外什么也没有；只有，不过。题干中指人，所以排除A项，C项为正确答案。none／no other than意思为“不是别的，正是……”。

25．As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think______.

A．have to be said

B．must say

C．ought to be said

D．need to say

正确答案：C

解析：名词性从句。句意：作为老师，我们要关心的不是学生应该说什么，而是他们说了什么。分析句子结构，with后面接what引导的两个并列的名词性从句做宾语。根据句意判断，空格部分的名词性从句中，what与say为被动关系，应该使用被动语态，因此排除B项和D项。通过前面的what is said可知，A项的have to应该改为has to，而且have to do sth．意思是“必须／不得不做某事”强调的是客观条件，在此处意思不恰当。ought to do sth．“应该／理应做某事”，符合题意。因此选C项。

26．______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

A．Other things to be equal

B．Were other things equal

C．To be equal to other things

D．Other things being equal

正确答案：D

解析：独立主格结构。句意：在其他条件相同的情况下，一个能有效地表达自己的人比一个语言表达能力差的人更容易获得成功。本题使用独立主格结构做条件状语，只有D项符合。

27．I am sure he is up to the job______he would give his mind to it.

A．in case

B．until

C．if only

D．unless

正确答案：C

解析：连词。句意：只要他把心思放正，我敢肯定他能胜任这份工作。if only 只要；要是……多好。in case万一；假使。until……以前；直到……时。unless 除非，如果不。

28．If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ______would be getting sick.

A．a lot of more us

B．a lot more of us

C．more a lot of us

D．a lot of us more

正确答案：B

解析：比较级的用法。句意：如果自来水真的像有些人想的那么危险，那么我们当中就会有更多的人生病。a lot在该结构中是程度副词，与比较级more连用时需要放在其前面进行修饰。

29．Our modern civilization must not be thought of as______in a short period of time.

A．being created

B．to have been created

C．having been created

D．to be created

正确答案：C

解析：非谓语动词。句意：不能把现代文明想成是在短期内创造的。空格前为介词as，所以后面要使用动名词，排除B项和D项。又由于该动名词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，所以要使用动名词的完成式。

30．Most of the people who______two world wars are strongly against arms

race.

A．have lived out

B．have lived through

C．have lived on

D．have lived with

正确答案：B

解析：固定词组。句意：大多数历经了两次世界大战的人都强烈反对军备竞赛。livethrough度过；经受过。live out住在外面；活过(某一段时间)。live on继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活。live with寄宿在……家；忍受(不愉快的事)。

31．An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately______from Marathon to Athens.

A．distance

B．is the distance

C．the distance

D．the distance is

正确答案：C

解析：句子结构。句意：奥林匹克马拉松赛道长26英里385码，大致是从马拉松到雅典的距离。分析句子结构，逗号前面的句子结构完整，也就是说空格部分不能出现独立的谓语成分，因此B项和D项排除。空格部分成分为名词性短语做宾语补足语，由于该距离特指前面提到的马拉松赛道的距离，因此distance 需要使用定冠词the。C项为正确答案。

32．Scientists say it may be five or ten years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A．since

B．before

C．after

D．when

正确答案：B

解析：连词。句意：科学家说可能还需要5至10年，才有可能在病人身上测试这种药物。before“在……以前；在……之前”，这里表示在病人身上测试之前需要5至10年的时间。

33．I walked too much yesterday and ______are still aching now.

A．my leg’s muscles

B．my muscles of leg

C．my leg muscles

D．my muscles of the leg

正确答案：C

解析：名词作定语。句意：昨天走了太多的路，我的腿部肌肉现在还疼。此处leg为名词作定语，修饰muscles，指腿部肌肉。a woman doctor“女医生”也属于名词作定语的用法。所有格强调的是归属或所有关系，此处不符合题意。

34．Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______to the nation.

A．has left

B．is to leave

C．leaves

D．is to be left

正确答案：D

解析：时态语态。句意：78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经公开宣布要把他的大部分收藏奉献给国家。分析句子结构，that后面接从句，具体说明丹尼斯爵士公布的事情。从句表示的是将来的事情，因此A项和C项均不符合题意。B项和D项均使用不定式表将来。much of his collection和leave属于被动关系，需要使用被动语态，因此选D项。

35．Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she______a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.

A．has to get

B．were to get

C．had got

D．could have got

正确答案：B

解析：虚拟语气。句意：Jean不想马上工作，因为她认为如果有了工作，她很可能就不能经常见到朋友了。此处if后面使用were to do sth．表示对将来情况的虚拟，因此后面使用了would(not)do的结构。

36．The world’s supplies of copper______.

A．have been gradually being exhausted

B．has gradually exhausted

C．are gradually exhausted

D．are being gradually exhausted

正确答案：D

解析：时态语态。句意：世界上的铜矿正在渐渐地被耗尽。根据句意，此处指正在进行的动作，需使用现在进行时态。并且copper和exhaust属于被动关系，需使用被动语态，因此只有D项符合。

37．Hitler______in his room.

A．committed suicide

B．got committed suicide

C．was committed suicide

D．was suicide

正确答案：A

解析：语态。句意：希特勒在自己的房间里自杀。commit suicide意为“自杀”，commit与Hitleer之间属于主动关系，不需要使用被动语态，只有A项符合。D项中suicide可以直接作不及物动词接在主语后面，不需要使用was。

38．Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting______.

A．be adjourned

B．should cancel

C．be going to cancel

D．is to adjourn

正确答案：A

解析：虚拟语气。句意：比尔起身提议会议应该延迟。分析句子结构，that 后面引导同位语从句修饰a motion(动议，会议中临时提出建议)，说明a motion 代表的具体含义。对于表示建议、命令等意思的词如suggestion、proposal、recommendation、order、no—tion(动议)，其同位语从句需要使用“(should)+动词原形”的形式表示虚拟。因此本题选A项。B项中cancel应该使用被动语态。

39．It is no good______persuade me.

A．for you to try to

B．trying to

C．of you to

D．of you to try to

正确答案：B

解析：固定搭配。句意：说服我没有益处。It is no good／use doing sth．做某事无益／无用。

40．The main trouble is______enough knowledge.

A．their not having

B．them not having

C．theirs not having

D．for them to not have

正确答案：A

解析：动名词复合结构。句意：主要的麻烦是他们的知识不够。带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做“动名词复合结构”。本题中not having enough knowledge的主语为they，因此使用动名词的复合结构，把they变成形容词性物主代词their，后面接动名词。

Proofreading

Before 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless the woman’s health was threatened. In March of 1970, Jame Roe, a single woman, instituted this federal action against the District attorney of the county. The original idea was that women who truly did not want a baby should not have to have it. 【M1】______ Since pregnancy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted, 【M2】______forced pregnancy, like any forced bodily invasion, is anathema toAmerican values and traditions. As legalized abortion has become aneveryday part of American life, a different side to it has emerged out. 【M3】______ Where women once were aborting because they did not want achild, the reasons being given now were becoming very different. 【M4】______ Abortion has turned into something that women are being coercedfrom boyfriends/husbands unwilling to be fathers, out of fear 【M5】______of the financial pressure, out of panic from losing their jobs, out ofpanic from having to quit the school, or becoming homeless, or out【M6】______of fear of their parents kicking them out into the street. Abortion for these reasons can lead to problems which developwhen a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses resul- 【M7】______ting from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort anddo so completely of her own free will. These women have no regrets, 【M8】______no remorse, but are happy they had this choice available. But 【M9】______a growing number of women are speaking up about how abortioneffected them adversely. 【M10】______

41．【M1】

正确答案：it改为one

解析：(作代词时，it通常用于特指，one通常用于类指。此处指代前文的a baby，是类指，而不是特指某一个婴儿，所以应该用one。)

42．【M2】

正确答案：Since改为While。

解析：(分析该句子，前后两个分句“pregnancy may be a blessed act”和“forced pregnancy…is a—nathema”构成对比，所以应该使用表示对比的连词while。注意大写。)

43．【M3】

正确答案：删除out。

解析：(emerge本身有“出现，显现，浮现”的意思，后面不需要使用副词out。)

44．【M4】

正确答案：were改为are。

解析：(从句中说明的是过去的情况，因此使用过去时态，但是主句中讲的是“现在”的情况，使用了表示现在的now，所以应当用现在时。)

45．【M5】

正确答案：from前面加into。

解析：(coerce somebody into something意思是“胁迫某人做某事”。本句中指妇女被他们的男朋友或者丈夫胁迫去堕胎。)

46．【M6】

正确答案：删除the。

解析：(quit school“辍学”，school不是特指，前面不需要定冠词the。)

47．【M7】

正确答案：round改为through。

解析：(本句句意：当女性无法克服由于堕胎带来的情感创伤时，此类堕胎导致的问题就会出现。get round意思为“说服；(消息)传开来；走动”，不符合题意，需使用get through，意思为“度过(经济，感情等的)难关”。)

48．【M8】

正确答案：her改为their。

解析：(这里指代前文中提到的women，应该使用复数形式their。)

49．【M9】

正确答案：第一个but改为and。

解析：(根据句意，这些女性没有感到后悔，她们很高兴有这个选择，句子意思并不存在转折，所以应该使用and进行连接。)

50．【M10】

正确答案：effected改为affected。

解析：(effect作动词时，意思为“产生；达到目的”。本处意思应该为影响，所以需使用af-fect。)

Reading Comprehension

In developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress

toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception and in the lessening of the objectivity of perception. Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence of events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goals, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated. In the primitive being, goal-directed behavior can be very simply motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infant’s frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant’s attention to the attractive object increases as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else. In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the instigator of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the values of colour, composition, and technique , while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in appraising a situation. Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reactions are only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events. The impact of the socialization process, particularly which of parental and social group ideology , may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence. The evolutionary process of development from body schema through to cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Auditing and speaking develop first, reading and writing much later on. Not only is this evident in the development of the individual human being from infancy on, but also in the development of language for humankind. Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. The babble and chatter of the infant are precursors to intelligible vocal communication. From the earliest times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society.

51．It can be inferred from this passage that the author would support the attitude towards art appreciation that______.

A．a work of art should not be analyzed

B．analysis of a work of art makes for greater understanding of it

C．understanding the life of the artist helps us to understand his work

D．all mature people can understand art equally well

正确答案：B

解析：根据第四段开头两句，对于成人，纯粹的认知也是一种动机。成人通过获取信息并进行解释评估，可以修正其反应。接着本段通过与艺术家评价作品做类比，最终总结到，“the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in appraising a sit—uation．”，也就是说人们像艺术评价作品一样去认知，就能发挥认知优势。也就是说通过分析作品，可以加深对作品的了解。因此选B 项。

52．The statement which is neither implied nor stated in this passage is______.

A．The child is concerned only with his own body

B．The child learns to act in a way that will serve his desires

C．The infant’s attention can be distracted from an object by simply concealing it D．The infant finds it difficult to focus attention on more than one object at a time

正确答案：A

解析：第三段开头便提到，最初的生命，目的引导性行为动机很简单。接着列举了一系列婴儿因为自己的动机而做出不同行为的例子，也就是说婴儿行为的出发点为他的动机，这与B项相符，因此B项排除。第三段第三句提到，研究表明当婴儿看不到物品时，就会终止愿望，而不是感到沮丧，这与C项“简单的隐藏物品就能分散婴儿对该物品的注意力”相符，因此排除C项。第三段最后两句提到，当婴儿被另外的物品吸引时，会丢下第一件去拿第二件(drop the first in order to clutch the second)，这暗示了婴儿的注意力难以一次集中到多件事情上。因此D项排除。本段明确提到孩子对于身体以外的物品的愿望，A项明显与原文不符，因此选A项。

53．It may be inferred from the passage that the effects of society on learning may be______.

A．to enhance the individual’s motivation to learn as quickly as possible

B．too deter learning by reason of anxiety about possible conflict with ideology C．to bring man’s knowledge within the scope of all

D．to keep all learning at the same stage of development

正确答案：B

解析：第六段提到了“The impact of the socialization process…may reduce

cognitively directedbehavior”，即社会化的程序能削弱认知，本段还提到了社会群体的意识形态(socialgroup ideology)及他们之间可能会产生冲突(The tension thus produced)。B项符合原文，因此选B项。

54．The passage implies that______.

A．speech is acquired through direct teaching

B．the infant should be taught not to babble

C．infants who do not chatter will never learn to speak

D．infants are born with the ability to speak but the ability to do so depends upon development of physical functions through non-verbal activities

正确答案：D

解析：倒数第二段提到，正常婴儿都有发出声音的身体器官(physiological equipment)，但是在掌握语言之前需要学会一系列与语言无关的活动，如sucking，biting，and chewing等。也就是说，婴儿天生就有说话的能力，但是这一能力依存于其他非语言的活动。D项正确，因此选D项。C项过于绝对，与原文不符，排除。

55．It would appear from the passage that it would be useful for the parent of the newborn to______.

A．give the infant what he needs before he cries

B．teach the infant how to speak as quickly as possible

C．model speech sounds and encourage the infant to produce them

D．refuse the infant’s demands until he makes them clear

正确答案：C

解析：倒数第二段最后一句提到，婴儿的牙牙学语是语言能力的预兆，也就是说应该鼓励孩子牙牙学语，C项符合，因此选C项。B项和D项与本段内容相反，因此排除。A项文中没有提及，因此排除。

In a reaction against a too-rigid, overrefined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of “life experience”as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey’s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through “doing” can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as, “Teach the child, not the subject. “ they demand, without sensing its absurdity, and end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy has been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature. What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by recreating life out of life; Aristotle that art presents universal truths because its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world. We can soar with the

writer to the heights of man’s aspirations, or plummet with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O’Neil: all present starkly realistic portrayals of life’s problems. Reality? Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence. Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination—and frailty—of Patrick White’s Australian pioneers? This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems may be suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders—and their sneering contempt for the law —did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt-ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century. Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, “ I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him. “But what of our dissenters? Can we overcome the disapproval of their “ life experience classroom”theory of learning? We must start with the field of agreement—that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and opens us to learning. We must convince them—in their own personal language perhaps—of the “ togetherness” of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illumines life.

56．According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is______.

A．the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories, and the creation of characters B．to create anew a synthesis of life that illumines the human condition

C．the teaching of morality and ethical behavior

D．to write about tragedy and despair

正确答案：B

解析：第二段开头便设问文学作品的目的是什么?接着本段通过乔伊斯与亚里士多德的观点揭示了答案，并且在最后总结到伟大的作家能够“reveals the human situation…ex—tending our understanding of ourselves and our world”，B项符合原文，因此选B项。

57．In the author’s opinion, as seen in this passage one outcome of the influence

of the “ life experience” adherents has been______.

A．the gradual subordination of the study of great literature in the schools

B．a narrowed interpretation of the theories of John Dewey

C．a sharp swing over to “learning through doing”

D．an end to rigorous study as a way of learning

正确答案：A

解析：根据第一段最后一句“虽然并不是所有这一理论的支持者都要完全抹杀对书本的学习，但是在公共学校的课程表中能够感受到这一理论的影响，伟大的文学作品的地位正在逐渐下降(the gradual subordination of great literature)”，由此可知，正确答案为A项。

58．As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is______.

A．enrichment of our understanding of the past

B．broadening of our approaches to social problems

C．that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the past

D．that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone

正确答案：D

解析：根据第五段第一句“书本扩大我们生活领域(the enlarging of our own life sphere)的这一作用本身就具有巨大的重要性”。而通过第二、三和四段可知，这里的the enlarging of our own life sphere指的就是可以通过书中的人物经历来了解到许多他们一生都不可能经历的事情。D项符合题意，因此选D项。

59．The author’s purpose in this passage is to______.

A．list those writers who make up the back bone of a great literature curriculum B．compare the young reader’s experience with literature to that of the mature reader

C．advocate the adoption of the “life experience” approach to teaching

D．plead for the retention of great literature as a fundamental part of the curriculum

正确答案：D

解析：分析全文，文章首段首先提到“life experience”这种方法的狭隘性，使得公共学校课程中的文学作品地位下降。紧接着作者开始论证伟大作品的目的及重要作用，并且在最后一段中提到，需要通过教育来了解伟大作品，克服“经验说”理论。由此可见，本文目的实际上是在呼吁保留文学课程，因此选D项。

60．The author’s reason for quoting Judge Hand is to______.

A．call attention to the writing of Thucydides and Carlyle

B．support the thesis of the author that literature broadens our understanding and stretches our faculties

C．point out that constitutional law is a part of the great literature of our past

D．show that everyone, including judges, enjoys reading

正确答案：B

解析：文章第五段第二句提到，伟大作品中可能会涉及到社会问题的解决之道，接着文章开始对此进行论证，并在第六段引用Federal Judge Learned Hand 的话指出，即使对于法官，了解一些伟大作家及其书籍也是必不可少的，因为很多问题都会通过这些书籍展现出来。由此可知，引用Judge Hand的话原因在于证明伟大作品有利于拓展我们的理解，提高我们的能力。因此B项为正确答案。A项和C项只是Judge Hand的观点，并不是作者举例的原因。

It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to the other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties. Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is the apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly the speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump—which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances—then the other side may be achievable. The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative , although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured. There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have led some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the trans-light properties we have just discussed. The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given time a special relationship to other factors or parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension. The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear—either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding—to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal. One

approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass—that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einstein’s theories, since the “faster” a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seems, consonant with this concept.

61．The “sound”of Professor Zuckerkandl’s book title probably refers to ______.

A．the music of the spheres

B．music in the abstract

C．musical notation

D．the seemingly musical sounds produced by tachyons

正确答案：A

解析：第五段中关于Sound and Symbol一书，作者Professor Zuckerkandl提出使用乐谱中的记谱法来进行标记，来表示量子力学中发现的关系。通过上文可知，量子力学中发现的关系涉及到宇宙中的时间维度。由此推测，本书中的sound 指的可能是宇宙中的音乐。因此选A项。B项和C项均没有与宇宙联系起来，因此排除。D项范同太过狭窄，tachyons只是涉及到的一种物质，属于个别案例。

62．The passage supports the inference that______.

A．Einstein’s theory of relativity is wrong

B．the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas contradict Einstein’s theories

C．time travel is clearly possible

D．it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light

正确答案：D

解析：根据第二段最后两句，超越光速的最大障碍就是需要有一个无限大的质量物体以光速运动。但是作者接着指出，要实现量子论中这种情况，可能性是很小的。因此选D项。文中提到Einsteinian formulation并不能充分解决时间关系的问题，但并没有说其不正确或者与Lorentz—Fitzgerald formulas存在冲突，A项和B项属于无中生有，因此排除。根据第三段可知，时间旅行目前不太可能，因此C项错误。

63．The tone of the passage is______.

A．critical but hopeful

B．hopeful but suspicious

C．suspicious but speculative

D．speculative but hopeful