Amercian Civil War
美国历史知识点梳理
美国历史知识点梳理美国历史是世界历史中的重要组成部分，涵盖了从殖民地时期到现代的丰富内容。
本文将对美国历史的一些重要知识点进行梳理，以帮助读者更好地了解和掌握这段历史。
一、殖民地时期（Colonial Period）1. 罗斯托克定居点（Roanoke Colony）：是英国在1587年在北美建立的第一个永久性殖民地，但最终失踪成为“失落的殖民地”。
2. 普利茅斯殖民地（Plymouth Colony）：由清教徒建立于1620年，被认为是美国最早的永久性英国殖民地之一。
3. 马萨诸塞湾殖民地（Massachusetts Bay Colony）：由清教徒建立于1630年，成为新英格兰地区的中心，对美国的政治、宗教和文化发展产生了深远影响。
二、独立战争与建国初期（Revolutionary War and Early Republic）1. 波士顿倾茶事件（Boston Tea Party）：1773年，美国殖民地居民抗议英国的茶叶税法，把大量茶叶倾入波士顿港口，成为独立运动的重要事件之一。
2. 独立宣言（Declaration of Independence）：1776年7月4日，美国大陆会议通过的宣言，宣布美国独立，成为美国历史上的重要里程碑。
3. 美国宪法（United States Constitution）：1787年制定，成为美国的最高法律，确立了联邦制度和三权分立的原则，为美国政治体系奠定了基础。
三、南北战争与重建时期（Civil War and Reconstruction）1. 南北战争（American Civil War）：1861年至1865年，是美国历史上的一场内战，以南方联盟（Confederate States of America）与北方联邦（Union）之间的冲突为主，结束了奴隶制度，巩固了联邦政府的权威。
2. 解放宣言（Emancipation Proclamation）：1862年颁布，林肯总统宣布解放南方奴隶，成为南北战争中的重要政治举措。
slavery and American civil warPPT
1. anti-slavery: If you are something, you are (a) for it (b) against it. 2. increasingly: This means (a) more and more (b) a little. 3. forming: This means (a)making (b) growing
4. civil war: This is a war between (a) different countries (b) different groups of people in the same country. 5. were freed: This means (a)were given freedom (b)(b) were paid for their work. 6. poisoned: This means (a) very ill (b) being given something that can kill you or make you very ill 7. beaten: This means (a) hit many times (b) left alone
existence of slavery shows that man can be very cruel. 1. The _______ employ 2. If you ________ someone, you pay them to work for you. surrenderedbecause most of their men had been killed. 3. The army ________ 4. Slavery was ________ abolished because people realized it was not right to own another human being. collection 5. The professor has a large _______ of books about the American Civil War. critical 6. Some people are __________ of the USA. They think it has made a lot of mistakes. sympathetic 7. Many people felt _________ towards slaves and wanted to help them. revealed 8. He _________ that he had once been a free man. 9. Northrup was not a _________ slave. Most had been born into slavery typical or had been brought over from Africa. collection 10. When Northrup woke, he was very ill and in a terrible ________.
美国历史上的重大事件及其影响英语作文范文
美国历史上的重大事件及其影响英语作文范文The United States has a rich and complex history filled with significant events that have shaped the nation. From the early colonial period to the present day, these events have had a profound impact on the country's development. Here, I will provide an overview of some of the most significant events in American history and their consequences.1. The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783)The American Revolutionary War marked the beginning of the United States' struggle for independence from Great Britain. The war arose from growing tensions and resentment towards British rule, ultimately leading to the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Through perseverance and the support of France, the American colonies emerged victorious,establishing the United States as a sovereign nation. This event laid the foundation for democratic governance and inspired revolutions worldwide.2. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)President Thomas Jefferson's acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France doubled the size of the United States. This purchase, which encompassed present-day states like Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, and parts of many others, facilitated westward expansion and secured control over the vital Mississippi River and New Orleans port. The Louisiana Purchase reinforced the nation's commitment to territorial growth, manifest destiny, and the idea of American exceptionalism.3. The Civil War (1861-1865)The Civil War was one of the most consequential events in American history, fueled by deep divisions over slavery and states' rights. The conflict between the Northern (Union) andSouthern (Confederate) states resulted in enormous loss of life and a path towards the abolition of slavery. Following the Union's victory, the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution officially abolished slavery and began the long process of rebuilding and reconciling the divided nation.4. The Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th century)The Industrial Revolution transformed the United States into a modern industrial power. Innovations in manufacturing, transportation, and communications revolutionized the economy and society. Key developments included the mechanization of agriculture, the establishment of factories, the construction of railroads, and advancements in technology. This period of rapid industrialization laid the groundwork for America to become a global economic powerhouse.5. The Great Depression (1929-1939)The Great Depression represents the most severe economic downturn in American history. Triggered by the stock market crash of 1929, the nation experienced widespread unemployment, bank failures, and a collapse of agricultural prices. The consequences were widespread poverty and hardship, leading to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs aimed at reviving the economy, creating jobs, and providing a social safety net. The Great Depression forever changed the way the government approached economic policies and regulations.6. World War II (1939-1945)World War II had a profound impact on the United States, propelling it onto the world stage as a global superpower. Initially, the U.S. remained neutral, but after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the nation joined the Allies. The war effort stimulated the economy through increased industrial production and led to significant technological advancements. America's emergence from the war as one of thevictorious nations solidified its position as a global leader and defender of democracy.7. The Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)The Civil Rights Movement aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States. Inspired by various leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., protests, boycotts, and acts of civil disobedience took place throughout the country. The movement resulted in landmark legislation suchas the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, promoting equal rights for African Americans and challenging the deep-rooted racism that persisted in American society.These are just a few examples of the numerous significant events that have shaped American history. Each eventmentioned has had a lasting impact on the nation's political, economic, and social landscape, defining the United States as we know it today. Understanding these events is crucial incomprehending the nation's journey and its ongoing quest for progress and equality.。
美国内战(civilwar)
4、内战爆发的导火线
1860年，美国总统大选，共和党推选阿伯拉罕· 林 肯为总统候选人。 林肯在选举中的胜利，意味着反奴隶制扩张的纲 领势在必行。换言之，林肯当选，奴隶主把奴隶制扩大 到西部去的希望完全破灭了。
内战与奴隶的解放
一、内战的爆发 二、内战的进程 三、林肯的改革 四、内战的结束
版籍奉还；
废藩置县；
废除封建等级制度、取消武士特权；
土地改革与地税改革。
四、明治政府的建国三大政策
文明开化：
“东洋道德，西洋艺术，粗精不一，表里兼该”—— 佐久间象山，1854年。 元田永孚、伊藤博文、“教育敕语”。
殖产兴业； 富国强兵。
明治政府建国三大政策之三——富国强兵
克里米亚战争； 农奴制及其他改革； 评价。
革命民主派
革命民主派分裂出来后走上较激进的道路，认为要废除农奴 制，必须首先用农民革命的手段推翻沙皇专制制度——实际 上是在鼓吹一条“自下而上”的路线。 革命民主派的思想里还有一种空想社会主义的成分，即认为 可以以农民为主力，绕开资本主义阶段，通过农村公社直接 过渡到社会主义（后来由此滋生出“民粹派”）。革命民主 派的主要代表人物是赫尔岑（1812－1870）、车尔尼雪夫斯 基（1828－1889）和杜勃罗留波夫（1836－1861）。
《五条誓文》：
广兴会议，万机决于公论 ； 上下一心，盛于经纶； 官武一体，以至庶民，各遂其志，毋使人心倦怠； 破除旧来之陋习，一本天地之公道； 求知识于世界，大振皇国之基础。
1868.04，《维新政体书》，宣布建立君主专制制度— —“王政复古”运动的实现。
写历史重大事件的英语作文
写历史重大事件的英语作文The Profound Impact of the American Civil War.The American Civil War, a cataclysmic conflict fought between the Union and the Confederacy from 1861 to 1865, left an indelible mark on the fabric of American society and the trajectory of its history. This monumental event shattered the unity of the young nation, tested the limits of its political system, and reshaped its social landscape.The Roots of Division.The seeds of the Civil War were sown in the fundamental differences that had long divided the United States. The North, with its industrialized economy and large urban centers, embraced abolitionist sentiments and an expanding vision of federal authority. The South, on the other hand, remained deeply rooted in an agricultural society sustained by slave labor. The election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860, a staunch opponent of slavery, ignitedthe secessionist movement in the South. By February 1861, seven Southern states had declared their independence, forming the Confederate States of America.The Outbreak of War.With the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861, the Civil War erupted. The Union swiftly mobilized its forces, while the Confederacy struggled to raise an army and establish a functioning government. The initial battles of the war were characterized by Union victories, but the Confederate forces under General Robert E. Lee proved to be a formidable adversary. The war quickly expanded into a theater of bloody and indecisive battles, with both sides suffering heavy casualties.The Abolition of Slavery.One of the most significant outcomes of the Civil War was the abolition of slavery. In September 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared thatall slaves in the Confederate states were free. This monumental act dealt a significant blow to theConfederacy's economy and morale. The war ultimately led to the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery throughout the United States.The Reconstruction Era.Following the Confederate surrender in 1865, the nation embarked on a challenging period known as Reconstruction. The Union sought to reintegrate the former Confederatestates into the nation, while addressing the legacy of slavery and the rights of freed African Americans. The Reconstruction era was marked by both progress and setbacks, with the establishment of educational institutions for African Americans and the passage of civil rights laws. However, resistance to Reconstruction from whiteSoutherners and the rise of white supremacist groups hindered the full realization of equality for African Americans.The Legacy of the Civil War.The American Civil War had a profound and lasting impact on the United States. It resulted in the deaths of approximately 620,000 soldiers and civilians, leaving deep scars on American society. The war preserved the Union, strengthened the federal government, and set the stage for the eventual abolition of slavery. However, it also exposed the deep fissures that divided the nation and left a legacy of racial inequality that continues to shape American society today.The Civil War remains a pivotal event in American history, a reminder of the fragility of unity and the enduring struggle for equality. Its lessons continue to resonate, reminding us of the importance of dialogue, compromise, and the pursuit of a more just and equitable society for all.。
美国
PartⅣThe Literature Of Realism现实主义文学1. 美国国内战争Civil War 1861-1865.美国现实主义文学：他们寻找描写美国人真实生活的方法，他们声称平凡的、就近的事件同重大的、遥运的事件一样都是艺术创作的源泉they sought to portray American life as it really was,, insisting that the ordinary and local were as suitable for artistic portrayal as the magnificent and the remote.2. 现实主义一词来源于法语realisme, 她是一种文学原则，她强调描写平凡的生活，强调其“真实性和现实性”。
Realism had originated in France as realisme, a literary doctrine that called for “reality and truth”in the depiction of ordinary life. “现实主义要求创作素材绝对真实，即不能夸张，也不能缩小”,William Dean Howells(豪厄斯) defined realism as “nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material”.他反对那些表现失意和绝望类苍白无力的小说，他强调现实主义作品要发掘出生活中微笑的一方面，因为美国人都坚信自己的国家是一个充满希望，什么奇迹都有可能发生的一个国家，作为文学也应该把这些特征表现出来he spoke out against the writing of a bleak fiction of failure and despair. He called for the treatment of the “Smiling aspects of life”as being the more “American”, insisting that American was truly a land of hope and of possibility that should be reflected in its literature.3. 美国现实主义文学总体说来对生活的表面现象进行了乐观的处理，这是其局限，然而最伟大的现实伟大的现实主义大师亨利·詹姆斯、马克·吐温则摆脱了对十九世纪美国进行肤浅描写的局限，詹姆斯对他作品中的人物个性心理进行了深度探讨，他运用深厚的和复杂的写作方式对复杂的个人经历进行了揣摩。
美国民权运动
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted by white Democrat-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period, in the late 19th century, the laws were enforced until 1965. In practice, Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in the 1870s and 1880s, and were upheld in 1896, by the U.S. Supreme Court's "separate but equal" legal doctrine for African Americans. Moreover, public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South, after the Civil War (1861–65). Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded, compared to the facilities for white Americans; sometimes there were no black facilities. As a body of law, Jim Crow institutionalized economic, educational, and social disadvantages for African Americans.
美国南北战争
1、 Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln(February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis — the American Civil War— preserving the Union while ending slavery and promoting economic and financial modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives, but failed in two attempts at a seat in the United States Senate. He was an affectionate, though often absent, husband and father of four children.After deftly opposing the expansion of slavery in the United States in his campaign debates and speeches,[2]Lincoln secured the Republican nomination and was elected president in 1860. Following declarations of secession by southern slave states, war began in April 1861, and he concentrated on both the military and political dimensions of the war effort, seeking to reunify the nation. He vigorously exercised unprecedented war powers, including the arrest and detention without trial of thousands of suspected secessionists. He prevented British recognition of the Confederacy by skillfully handling the Trent affair late in 1861. He issued his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoted the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery.Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including the commanding general Ulysses S. Grant. He brought leaders of various factions of his party into his cabinet and pressured them to cooperate. Under his leadership, the Union took control of the border slave states at the start of the war and tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond. Each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another until finally Grant succeeded in 1865. An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state, he reached out to War Democrats and managed his own re-election in the 1864 presidential election.As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican party, Lincoln came under attack from all sides. Radical Republicans wanted harsher treatment of the South, War Democrats desired more compromise, and Copperheads despised him—not to mention irreconcilable secessionists in reconquered areas.[3]Politically, Lincoln fought back with patronage, by pitting his opponents against each other, and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory.[4]His Gettysburg Address of 1863 became the most quoted speech in American history.[5]It was an iconic statement of America's dedication to the principles of nationalism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. At the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. However, just six days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee, Lincoln was shot and killed by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. His death marked the first assassination of a U.S. president. Lincoln has been consistently ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S. presidents.2、 Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18thPresident of the United States (1869–1877) as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America. Grant began his lifelong career as a soldier after graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1843. Fighting in the Mexican–American War, he was a close observer of the techniques of Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. He resigned from the Army in 1854, then struggled to make a living in St. Louis and Galena, Illinois.After the American Civil War began in April 1861, he joined the Union war effort, taking charge of training new regiments and then engaging the Confederacy near Cairo, Illinois. In 1862, he fought a series of major battles and captured a Confederate army, earning a reputation as an aggressive general who seized control of most of Kentucky and Tennessee at the Battle of Shiloh. In July 1863, after a long, complex campaign, he defeated five Confederate armies (capturing one of them) and seized Vicksburg. This famous victory gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, split the Confederacy, and opened the way for more Union victories and conquests. After another victory at the Battle of Chattanooga in late 1863, President Abraham Lincoln promoted him to the rank of lieutenant general and gave him charge of all of the Union Armies. As Commanding General of the United States Army from 1864 to 1865, Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of very high casualty battles known as the Overland Campaign that ended in a stalemate siege at Petersburg. During the siege, Grant coordinated a series of devastating campaigns launched by William Tecumseh Sherman, Philip Sheridan, and George Thomas. Finally breaking through Lee's trenches at Petersburg, the Union Army captured Richmond, the Confederate capital, in April 1865. Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox. Soon after, the Confederacy collapsed and the Civil War ended.During Reconstruction, Grant remained in command of the Army and implemented the Congressional plans to reoccupy the South and hold new elections in 1867 with black voters. This gave Republicans control of the Southern states. Enormously popular in the North after the Union's victory, he was elected to the presidency in 1868. Reelected in 1872, he became the first president to serve two full terms since Andrew Jackson did so forty years earlier. As president, he led Reconstruction by signing and enforcing civil rights laws and fighting Ku Klux Klan violence. He helped rebuild the Republican Party in the South, an effort that resulted in the election of African Americans to Congress and state governments for the first time. Despite these civil rights accomplishments, Grant's presidency was marred by economic turmoil and multiple scandals. His response to the Panic of 1873 and the severe depression that followed was heavily criticized. His low standards in Cabinet and federal appointments and lack of accountability generated corruption and bribery in seven government departments. In 1876, his reputation was severely damaged by the graft trials of the Whiskey Ring. In addition, his image as a war hero was tarnished by corruption scandals during his presidency. He left office at the low point of his popularity.[1][2]After leaving office, Grant embarked on a two-year world tour that was received favorably with many royal receptions. In 1880, he made an unsuccessful bid for a third presidential term. In 1884, broke and dying of cancer, he wrote his memoirs. Historians have ranked his administration poorly due to tolerance of corruption. His presidential reputation has improved among scholars who are impressed by the administration's support for civil rights for freed slaves. President Grant's Secretary of State, Hamilton Fish, has ranked high among historians, having settled theAlabama Claims and cooly handling the Virginius Affair.3、Jefferson DavisJefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889), also known as Jeff Davis, was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as President for its entire history. He was born in Kentucky to Samuel and Jane (Cook) Davis. After attending Transylvania University, Davis graduated from West Point and fought in the Mexican–American War as a colonel of a volunteer regiment. He served as the United States Secretary of War under Democratic President Franklin Pierce. Both before and after his time in the Pierce administration, he served as a Democratic U.S. Senator representing the State of Mississippi. As a senator, he argued against secession, but did agree that each state was sovereign and had an unquestionable right to secede from the Union.[2]On February 9, 1861, after he resigned from the United States Senate, Davis was selected to be the provisional President of the Confederate States of America; he was elected without opposition to a six-year term that November. During his presidency, Davis took charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to stop the larger, more powerful and better organized Union. His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country, and he paid little attention to the collapsing Confederate economy, printing more and more paper money to cover the war's expenses. Historians have criticized Davis for being a much less effective war leader than his Union counterpart Abraham Lincoln, which they attribute to Davis being overbearing, controlling, and overly meddlesome, as well as being out of touch with public opinion, and lacking support from a political party (since the Confederacy had no political parties).[3]His preoccupation with detail, reluctance to delegate responsibility, lack of popular appeal, feuds with powerful state governors, inability to get along with people who disagreed with him, neglect of civil matters in favor of military ones—all these shortcomings worked against him.[4]After Davis was captured on May 10, 1865, he was charged with treason. Although he was not tried, he was stripped of his eligibility to run for public office; Congress posthumously lifted this restriction in 1978.[5] While not disgraced, he was displaced in Southern affection after the war by the leading Confederate general Robert E. Lee. However, many Southerners empathized with his defiance, refusal to accept defeat, and resistance to Reconstruction. Over time, admiration for his pride and ideals made him a Civil War hero to many Southerners, and his legacy became part of the foundation of the postwar New South.[6] In spite of his former status as the president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis began to encourage reconciliation by the late 1880s, telling Southerners to be loyal to the Union.[7][8][9]4、Robert E. LeeRobert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a career military officer who is best known for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the AmericanCivil War. The son of U.S. Revolutionary War hero Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee III and a top graduate of West Point, Robert E. Lee distinguished himself as an exceptional officer and combat engineer in the United States Army for 32 years before resigning to join the Confederate cause. By the end of the American Civil War, he was commanding general of the Confederate army. He became a postwar icon of the South's "lost cause", and is still admired to this day.In early 1861, President Abraham Lincoln invited Lee to take command of the entire Union Army. Lee declined because his home state of Virginia was, despite his wishes, seceding from the Union. When Virginia declared its secession from the Union in April 1861, Lee chose to follow his home state.[1] Lee's eventual role in the newly established Confederacy was to serve as a senior military adviser to PresidentJefferson Davis. Lee soon emerged as the shrewdest battlefield tactician of the war, after he assumed command of the Confederate eastern army (soon christened "The Army of Northern Virginia") after the wounding of Joseph Johnston at the Battle of Seven Pines. His abilities as a tactician have been praised by many military historians.[2][3] They were made evident in his many victories such as the Battle of Fredericksburg(1862), Battle of Chancellorsville (1863), Battle of the Wilderness (1864), Battle of Cold Harbor (1864), Seven Days Battles, and the Second Battle of Bull Run. His strategic vision was more doubtful—his invasions of the North in 1862 and 1863 were designed to help gain foreign recognition, seize supplies, take the pressure off his beloved Virginia, and mobilize antiwar elements in the North.[4]After a defeat at Antietam in 1862 and disaster at Gettysburg in 1863, hopes for victory were dashed, and defeat for the South was almost certain. However, due to ineffectual pursuit by the commander of Union forces after both defeats, Lee escaped back to Virginia. His decision in 1863 to overrule his generals and invade the North, rather than help protect Vicksburg, proved a major strategic blunder and cost the Confederacy control of its western regions, according to critical historians such as Sears and Eicher.[5][6][7] Nevertheless, there is no dispute that Lee's brilliant defensive maneuvers stopped the Union offenses one after another, as he defeated a series of Union commanders in Virginia.In the spring of 1864, the new Union commander, Ulysses S. Grant, began a series of campaigns to wear down Lee's army. In the Overland Campaign of 1864 and the Siege of Petersburg in 1864–65, Lee inflicted heavy casualties on Grant's larger army, but was forced back into trenches; the Confederacy was unable to replace their losses or even provide adequate rations to the soldiers that did not desert. In the final months of the Civil War, as manpower drained away, Lee adopted a plan to arm slaves to fight on behalf of the Confederacy, but the decision came too late and the black soldiers were never used in combat. In early April 1865, Lee's depleted forces were overwhelmed at Petersburg; he abandoned Richmond and retreated west as Union forces encircled his army. Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, marking the end of Confederate hopes; the remaining armies soon capitulated. Lee rejected as folly the starting of a guerrilla campaign against the Yankees and called for reconciliation between the North and South.After the war, as a college president of what is now Washington and Lee University, Lee supported President Andrew Johnson's program of Reconstruction and intersectional friendship, while opposing the Radical Republican proposals to give freed slaves the vote and take the vote away from ex-Confederates. He urged them to rethink their position between the North and the South, and the reintegration of former Confederates into the nation's political life. Lee became the great Southern hero of the war, and his popularity grew in the North, as well, after his death in 1870. He remains an iconic figure[8] of American military leadership.。
英语名词解释
Jehovah's Witnesses 耶和华见证会Americans ROM plug the sect. Initial name millennium shuguang pie, international bible disciple pie,Charles I 查尔斯一世Mormons 魔门教徒Is the Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day Saints of Jesus Christ of the plays an abbreviation of the Saints weight.this/or called."God is Dead" 上帝已死LiterasureAmerican Re-volution 美国革命The American revolution refers to the second half the 18th century resulted in North America ten three states colonies from the British empire and created the United States of America for a series of events and thoughts Louis L'Amour 路易就是爱The Confederacy 南部联邦（美国南北战争时）"Inherit the Wind' 承受清风的Jamestown 詹姆斯敦英国在美国的一个永久殖民地The British south Atlantic island of st Helena capital, island only towns. Located in the northwest coast, yangzhou-the island holy ZhanMSiWan. Population of about 1,500 people. The only street, along the narrow valley outspread.The Grapes of Wrath 愤怒的葡萄（电影名字）Mayflower 五月花号The Mayflower (Mayflower) is bound for north American English settlers first ships. The mayflower truck about 180 tons, 27 meters long. By carrying a batch of separation pie pilgrims to North America establish Plymouth colony and in the ship enacted the mayflower convention and famous.George川乔治三世Full name George William Frederick (GeorgeWilliamFrederick), 1760 October 25 became king of Great Britain and Ireland for king, to 1801 after 1 January because of Great Britain and Ireland constitute the United Kingdom and become the United Kingdom king, 1820 died.both so far.The Civil War 南北战争The Civil War, also called the American Civil War (as allows to American history), is a large-scale Civil War, War both for the United States of America (hereinafter referred to as the federal) and the united union countries (hereinafter referred to as the confederate). Since the war because the southern United States eleven states to Abraham Lincoln in 1861 inaugurated as President in succession from the grounds, the other was founded to Jefferson Davis for "President" government, and the expulsion of the south, and the union forces stationed Lincoln ordered against "rebellion" state. Dispose of not only change on American economic situation, lead to slavery in the southern was final abolished, also for future American folk society tremendous impact.Infiuenza Epidemic 流感大流行Scopes Monkey Trial 猴之审判The Great Depression 经济大萧条The Great Depression (The related Depression), means in 1929 to 1933 between global big economic recessionFranklin D. Roosevelt 富兰克林罗斯福Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Franklin Delano Roosevelt was, 1882 January 30-1945 April 12) American (31, 32nd President (March 1933 4-1937 on January 20, 1937 on January 20, 1941 on January 20, 1941 January20-1945 on January 20, 1945 January 20-1945 April 12) in American history, the only topped four sessions (4th) not by President. Roosevelt in 20th century economic depression and the second world war has played an important role. By scholars as was America's greatest, one of three presidential with Washington and Lincoln &jeremy. The first American 26 President Theodore Roosevelt's franklin Roosevelt distant TangShu.'New Deal" 新政Roosevelt aiming at the actual, conform to the broad masses of the people's will, part to implemented a series of policies and measures to overcome the crisis, history is called the "new politics", the main content of the New Deal can be used "3 R" to summarize, namely Renaissance (Recover), Relief (Relief), Reform (Reform).Pearl Harbor珍珠港Pearl Harbor is located in the south of oahu, o mountains and bosom labor division between the minimum naraku mountains and plains, the only place of deepwater honaunau port, is the U.S. navy adjacent base and shipbuilding base, is the north Pacific islands in the biggest and best safety moored ports, general civilian ships and foreign ships without American admiralty special license is not to enter. Pearl Harbor incident is December 7th, 1941, Japanese royal navy early aircraft and miniature submarines sudden attack U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor and the American army and navy in Hawaii oahu airport of events.The Cold War 冷战The cold war mainly refers to the for the cold or fear trembled. Divided into war period of the cold war and relationships between the cold war. In 1959 the world the cold-war pattern of cold-war pattern of Europe freezing Cold War (English: diagram allows, Russian Холо: днаяВойна) refers to the United States and the Soviet union and their Allies in between 1945 and the 1990s in political and diplomatic against, conflict and competition. Due to the second world war, just after the during this period, although the differences and conflicts serious, but against both try to avoid the cause of world scope of large-scale war (world war ii) outbreak, its against usually by local proxy war, technology and arms race, foreign competition, and other "cold" manner, namely "mutual containment, yet without resorting to force", so called "cold war". Cuban Missile Crisis 古巴导弹危机The Cuban missile crisis (English: CubanMissileCrisis), also known as the Caribbean missile crisis in 1962, is in the United States, the Soviet union during the cold war broke out between with Cuba an extremely serious political, military crisis. Events outbreaks of reason is the Soviet union in Cuban missile. This event is considered to be the pinnacle of the cold war and the turning point. In world history humans never so near to stand on the edge of a nuclear war.McCarthyism 麦卡锡主义McCarthyism (McCarthyism) is in the early 1950s, by the U.S. senator Joseph McCarthy (Raymond Joseph McCarthy) stirs up the American national anti-communist "Crusades". Senator during his tenure, highly publicized communist invasion, prompting the government and China have established "un-american investigation Committee" (what ordinary on Un - as noted), the petty-bourgeois and government departments to stoke up each other disclosure, many famous people are persecuted and suspicion.Fall of Berlin Wall 柏林墙的倒塌The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer; German: English: Berlin Wall, formally known as anti-fascist defense Wall (antifaschistischer Schutzwall), is Berlin in after the second world war, the German democratic republic (hereinafter referred to as democratic Germany or east German) in each other's territory built on Wall, the purpose is isolation east (including the capital of east east Berlin) and the federal republic of Germany (hereinafter federal Germany or), thus blocking things Berlin between citizens ties. Establishment of the Berlin Wall is since the second world war Germany split and cold war. The important landmark buildings built in 1961, 1989 demolished, two DE return to unity.Vietnam War 越南战争Vietnam war (1961-1975), called the Vietnam war, also called the second indochinese communist Vietnam war, saving the resistance war. Beauty says For Vietnamese republic (south Vietnam) and the us against Vietnam democratic republic (north Vietnam) and "southern Vietnam national liberation front" (also called the Viet cong) of a war.Korean War 朝鲜战争Also called north Korea war (1950 June 25 - July 27th 1953 signed the cease-fire agreement) is the democratic People's Republic of Korea and the ideology of the republic of Korea two opposites between the government of the war, and support the Korean peninsula respectively north-south countries in different degrees into the war.American Dream 美国梦Is a believe that as long as in the United States after diligently unremitting struggle can be better inter-linked ideal of life, i.e., the people must through their own hard working, courage, creative, and determination, not prosperity depends on the specific social class and others' help. It usually represents the people's success in the economic or entrepreneurial spirit Andrew Lloyd Webber 安德努洛伊韦伯Joanne Kathleen Rowling Jk 罗琳Nearly two years launched by boy harry potter for the hero of the series of children's fiction and conducted into the world best-seller lists, thus become the world's most prestigious children astronomers. In 1998, j.k. rowling is the bookseller magazine as the best writers, In 1999, was named as a British annual book award winner.The Beatles 甲壳虫乐队The Beatles is undoubtedly The most influential band last century. In 8 years of time, they not only change the rock and pop, moreover, forever changed all music appearance. In 1956, Ronnie more Donegan Lonnie gedaliah (within) and Chris idzikowski Lawrence his interests Jazz Band (Chris Jazz Band) the Barber, with a woody the whitbread bart Island Line "crazy scored list of the top 10. (Chris idzikowski Lawrence his interests in 1967 recording a band called "Catc - all" song, this is Paul McCartney in 1957-1960 write) Ronnie much within a series of successful subsequent gump songs (such as "CumberlandGap", "for Man") began sweeping the British Isles "Skiffle" music frenzy.AMERICA 美国MartinLuther King Jr. 马丁路德金 In 1948 university graduation. In 1948 to 1951 years, in the east coast of the us with the Philadelphia continues to pursue advanced studies. In 1963, Martin Luther King went in to the President Kennedy, request through a new civil rights law gives blacks in equal rights. In August 196328th in Lincoln memorial published before "I have a dream" speech. 1964 annual Nobel Prize winner.'glass ceiling' 玻璃天花板Capitalism 资本主义Generally capitalism refers to a kind of economics or sociology economic system, in such a system most of the means of production are privately owned, and by employing labor by means of production tools to create profits.Civil Rights Movement民权运动The American Civil Rights Movement (United States, Rights to do) refers to the second world war in American blacks oppose racial segregation and discrimination, for democratic Rights mass movements.Barack Obama 巴拉克奥巴马 Barack hussein barack Obama ii, The United States The 44th President, was born in America Hawaii Honolulu, originally from Kenya (see of The Kenya). Obama was the first to have black lineages and childhood growth in Asia, the President of the United States with different places and people of many different cultures living together.Ford 福特公司Ford motor company is one of the world's largest corporations. 1903 by Henry Ford, founded in America was founded in Detroit. Now the ford motor company is the world super multinational company, headquartered in Michigan state Deere byrne city.Socialism社会主义Socialism (socialism) a word comes from Latin. Is a kind of economic sociology thoughts, claim or advocate the whole society as a whole, by the society possess and control product, capital and land, asset management and distribution etc, which based on the public interest. The 19th century 30 to 40, the word "socialist in Western Europe widely circulated. Marx, Engels USES the word "socialist, and makes the scientific explanation, socialism is capitalism and communism, and the transition between the socialist need has developed capitalism as the foundation to accomplish.Counterculture Movement 反文化运动Refers to the 1960s among the youth of popular with anti-war and counterculture is the characteristic of a kind of values and culture and way of life.Small Pox 天花Smallpox (Smallpox) is caused by the Smallpox virus a spirited contagion, is so far, in the world consumed by the first human infections. Smallpox is infection caused by poxvirus, no cure, patients healed leave HouLian will MaZi, "smallpox" hence the name.Chevrolet 雪佛兰车Chevrolet (Chevrolet) by Louis Chevrolet, William. "Mr Little and Edwin Campbell 1911 November jointly established in American Michigan auto companies (Chevrolet which specific) detroit-based cityimpeachment 弹劾 Feminist Movement 女权运动With the European feudal society and culture of the human spirit gradually loosened the shackles, western feminist movement began to grow. Suffragette original intention is: natural and legal right and the creator is fair, whether male or female. Women in the life, liberty and the pursuitof happiness, and have the same rights as men. Britain is the birthplace of the feminist movement.Census人口普查 Mafia黑手党Refers to that originated in Italy siily and French Corsica local secret association organized crime. After the Italian immigrants as and scattered across the world, especially in the United States. Now has become the pronoun of organized crime,Judeo-Christian Philosophy 犹太基督教哲学Jewish philosophy produced in hellenistic times before and after the jewish religious teachings special demonstration ShenXueHua philosophical system. Most of the jewish philosopher is Alexander ophir los; He Platonism, new, the socialist explain Judaism classic, think that god is pure existence, is transcendentalism, therefore we can say that god will not do, and cannot say he is nothing. Think god and the world is through mysterious logos for intermediary and linked. Gay Rights Movement 同性恋权利运动Refers to the combination of a batch of loose civic rights groups, human rights groups, support groups and political actors, pursues from the society for non-native heterosexual (homosexuality and bisexuality) and cross gender accept, tolerance and equality.Indentured Servant 契约佣工 Yard Sale 庭院旧货出售Is America a unique city way. By the master of the house without redundant items in the yard, garage or porch remaindered.Federal vs. State Government 联邦和州政府Is a kind of based on loyalty on the basis of the relationship. The federal republic of "form of government is a collective agreement. With this, a few small nations together, build a bigger countries, and agree to do this country members.Richard Nixon 理查德尼克松Richard Milhous Nixon (Richard Milhous Nixon, 1913, January 9 ~ 1994 22 April), America's first 37 President. February 1972 visit, opened the door, and the relations between the two countries became the first American President to visit China. Because Nixon 1972 June 17 happen watergate was forced to resign.Gold Rush 淘金热 The gold rush is due to the development of the west movement caused by the start of the population migration. In the third wave of large-scale population approaching, U.S. immigration Sartre in California's Sacramento nearby struck gold, and adventurous businessman, operators, land TouJiGu brent that make gold found news expand to the world. Football 足球橄榄球Supreme Court 最高法院 Hippie嬉皮士Was originally used to describe the western countries in the 1960s and 1970s against custom and of the political young man. The name is hippie through the San Francisco chronicle reporter on tho · Kane popularization. Hippie is not a unified cultural movement, it has no declaration or leader. Hippies with commune type and stray lifestyle to reflect their for nationalism and Vietnam war against, they advocate non-traditional religious culture, criticized western countries middle-class values.Bill Clinton 比尔克林顿American politicians, American democrat, former Arkansas governor, (1979-1981, 1983-1992) and the 42nd President of the United States (1993-2001). The first American born after the second world war, the President ofthe second suffered the congress impeached motion, but also the President afterTheodore Roosevelt and John F.Kennedy after the most young U.S. President franklind. Roosevelt, and the only after successful re-elected as a democratic President. Baseball 棒球Checks and Balances 政府机关之间的相互制衡Beatnik 垮掉的一代After the second world war appear in the United States a groupof loose together in young poets and writers of collectivity. This name was firstby writer jack crewe powerful in 1948 around proposes. In English the adjective"beat" one word "exhaustion" or "down" meaning, and powerful crewe endows with newmeaning "exult" or "happiness", and music in the concept of "beat" held together.Zippergate Scandal ~~~丑闻 Superbowl 贵族保龄球Amendments 修正案Watergate水门事件Is the American history's most disgraceful, one of its politicalscandal on American national history, and the international press all has thelong-term effects, in 1972 presidential election, in order to obtain Democratscampaign strategy intelligence, 1972, June 17, by American republican Nixoncampaign's chief security problems consultant James MaiKe DE (James w. McCord, Jr.)headed into five people in Washington watergate building's democratic nationalcommittee office, in installation and candid camera bug related document, wasarrested on the spot. Due to the matter in 1974, Nixon announced on August 8, becomingthe next day to resign in American history. The first President resignPost-Industrial Society 后工业社会The post industrial society isindustrial society for the further development of the product, in thepost-industrial society is the key variable information and knowledge, and the maineconomic department is processing and service for the leading of the third industryeven 4, 5 industry, such as transportation, public welfare undertakings, trade,finance, insurance, real estate, health, scientific research and technologicaldevelopment, etc.Cheerleaders 啦啦队Congress 国会Also says congress, refers to implement separation system of thecountry's top legislature, not including execute the prescriptions system andcontinue to parliament or congress name of the highest organ of state power.Ronald Reagan 罗纳德里根 " American politicians, 33 as governor of California, the40th President (1981-1989). He is also a great speaker. Before entering politics,Reagan has also served as sports announcer, the lifeguard, newspaper columnist, filmactor, television actor, and inspiring lecturer, and is the American film actorassociation (representation Actors that shares blackart lens) leaders.Star Wars'星球大战Chinese can be referred to as Star Wars, is the director/producerGeorge Lucas made a series of science fiction films shot. Star Wars trilogy, thefirst Star Wars characters and story is according to the Japanese director of thewarring states HeiZeMing heroes of creation and into.NASCAR全国运动汽车竞赛协会Nextel racing: 1946, from the navy shipyard armyfrancie with oneself resolutely TuoNa beach station located in generationestablished as collateral, the predecessor of the "national NASCAR racing champions league" (NCSCC), will scatter them in the lands of private car racing induction to alliance under the master, has set up the first American car integral system and the winner fund.Senate 参议员Senator, according to the constitution of the United States. Paragraph 3 of the United States by the states senators in parliamentary elections, each state election senator 2 people, serve for six years, senator each have one vote voting rights.Sputnik 人造卫星Satellite (Manmade Satellite) : circling the earth in space orbit (at least one circle) unmanned spacecraft. Man-made satellites in accordance with the basic law of celestial mechanics for sport, but around the earth in different orbit by the spherical gravitational field, atmospheric drag, sun moon gravity and gravitation, the influence of pressure, practical movement situation is very complicated.Walt Disney World 迪斯尼世界Disney World, Florida central Orlando, it is the world's largest comprehensive playground. Disney World of the birth of the first should be attributed to imaginative and creative spirit of American cartoon master walter Disney. In 1955 he founded in Los Angeles near the first modern amusement park, named Disneyland. In 1964 people began to build a more extensive amusement parks, this is the Disney World. After five years build, Disney World finally 1971 October is open to the public. It cost 7.66 billion us dollars, covering an area of 109 square kilometers, is a for young and old 'recreation center.House of Representatives 众议院Western state of bicameral legislature of the lower house of parliament, some countries called the second courtyard, according to the number of representatives of members are all over the proportion of the population size distribution. The origin of bicameral legislature congress because countries hope to have a founder of press close to, and follow the public opinion poll of "people's house;" The house was generally acknowledged a senate more parties colour. The house of representatives would also has its unique power: revenue bill of rights advocacy, impeachment government officials, as well as in electoral regiment when standoff can elect a President. However, all these powers can be by senate counterspell (class counter: - check). The senate is generally the house and representatives more prestige. The senatorial term is longer, with less number, and (in most cases) more representat...O.J. Simpson 辛普森Before 1994 football player Simpson (O.J. Simpson) crippens enjoyed a case become was America's most sensation of events, was acquitted. On October 3, 2008, in America Las Vegas clark county district court trial again. Yellowstone Park 黄石公园Is the world's first national park, was founded in 1872. Yellowstone park is located in the northwest corner of American Midwest Wyoming, and north-west extends to Idaho and Montana, area of 7988 square kilometers. This area is originally Indian holy land, but for American explorer lewis and clark excavations, and become the world's first national park. It in 1978 is listed as a world natural heritage.Electoral College 总统选举团 The electoral college refers to the batch "electors",they by the states of political activists and members of the party nomination. Onelection day, these guarantees support a presidential candidate of electoral byuniversal suffrage. In the December presidential elections, was elected in theirrespective electoral vote is the capital of the state President and vice President.PiaoZhe may obtain 270 delegates elected. Multiculturalism 多元文化论U.S. Constitution 美国宪法Monroe Doctrine 门罗主义The Monroe Doctrine (Monroe Doctrine) published in 1823,indicating that the United States of America was view, namely European powers shouldstop colonial America, or with American with Mexico and other American states ofsovereignty related affairs. For European countries, or disputes between countriesand between the American colonies of war, the U.S. to be neutral. Relevant battlein the americas, if has the United States will be deemed a hostile actions.Declaration of Independence独立宣言 For the British colonies in North America thirteen declared independencefrom Britain, and XuanMing move legitimacy of proclamations. On July 4, 1776, thisdeclaration by the second continental congress approved, died in Philadelphia onthis later became the American independence day. The original declaration by thecontinental congress attend representatives signed, and permanent display inWashington, d.c. the National Archives and documents agency (National Archives andwas under). This declaration for the most important American founding documents one. Plymouth,普利茅斯Located in southwest England regional Devon, area 79.29 squarekilometers and a population of 246,100, population density 3,085 per squarekilometers. Plymouth is England's single management area, city, northeast 310kilometers (192 miles) northeast of British capital London, 58 km (36 miles) of Devoncounty to Exeter. This "the Plymouth" is the birthplace of namesake cities aroundthe world.Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州The American state, formally known as "the Commonwealthof Massachusetts federal" (Massachusetts), located in the northeastern part of theNew England. In Chinese, usually referred to as "ma" or "ma".Democrat 民主党人 treaty of Paris 巴黎条约1763 in Paris about seven years war endedconcluded and determining the results of the treaty.Republican 共和主义者Liberal自由主义者the Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义In 1947 March 12, the United States put forward"Truman doctrine was widely believed to be American foreign policy on a new rapidtransition, the influence of the world is equivalent to the western hemisphere 1823announced by the European colonialism no longer dominate the Monroe doctrine.Conservative 保守派 Rodney King 罗德尼金Federal Bureau of Investigation联邦调查局English full name Federal Bureau ofInvestigation, the FBI abbreviations. But the FBI "also is not only the bureau saysthe abbreviations, still represents the FBI insists on carrying out the creed ofloyalty, brave and honest Fidelity Bravery, is a federal police.Separation of Church & State 分开教会和国家Civil Courts 民事法庭Education religion 教育宗教IVY League 常春藤名牌大学General metaphor and higher school related, but only some school is recognized as "the ivy league". The ivy league of the northeast of eight schools combination becomes: brown university, Columbia University, Cornell university, Dartmouth college, Harvard University, university of Pennsylvania, Princeton university, and Yale university. Except Cornell university outside, all of these schools are in North America before the war of independence, each institution of admission to create standard are very strict. These schools between academic and sports competitive records began in the late nineteenth century. Harvard 哈弗大学Harvard University university-his Harvard University is one of the earliest private universities, to train postgraduate and mainly engaged in scientific research of comprehensive university, headquarters is located in Boston's Cambridge cityYale耶鲁大学Is located in Connecticut new private university, was founded in 1701 years, beginning name "university college" (Collegiate used). Yale university is established in American history, the third university, today for ivy league member. Puritans 清教徒Refers to the requirements of the Anglican Catholic cleared the remnants of the reformers. Its words in the 16th century in the 1960s, begin to use, the derived from Latin Purus, meaning clean.Theocracy 神权治国"In God We Trust" 我们将一切交给上帝Princeton 普林斯顿 In the United States, Princeton, New Jersey, is the United States a reputable private research university, eight ivy league one. The school in 1746 years in New Jersey Elizabeth town, is an American colonial founded by 4 education institute established institutions of higher learning, was called "New Jersey institute and moved to New Jersey, in 1747 1756 moved to Princeton, and in 1896 officially renamed Princeton university. EvangelicismCommunity College社区学院In area, community levels higher education, vocational provide education and adult education of education institutions. Community college student, often from school, generally by local local government financial assistance. ' The Great Awakening 大觉醒运动In the mid 18th century colonial protestant Renaissance movement. Launch man-made to North America to preach to the Netherlands is church vicar rich RuiLin bosom Carson. The campaign to preach way to stimulate the zealot believers religious feelings.Mormons 魔门教徒Mormons are allegations by the Mormon belief of believers. In the most main Mormon sect is the church of Jesus Christ of latter-day saints, since the other sectarian compared relatively small, so the mormons usually means that church of Jesus Christ of latter-day saints members.Social~Servicess社会服务Welfare福利Medicare 医疗保险（美国）Health insurance is to compensate for diseases brought about by the medical expenses of a kind of insurance. Worker due to illness, wounded, birth, by the society or enterprise to provide the necessary medical service or material。
英美概况American History
Gone with the Wind
The Win of the North
Richmond April-June,1865
1865, the south declared to defeat
Lincoln’s assassination
John Wilkes Booth, the murderer
Civil War (1861-1865)
Causes Process Significance
Economic Confrontation
The North The South
Provide raw materials for British factories
Import British industrial goods Planters own many slaves as their manpower
Union vs. Confederacy
The North
Population 2234万
The South
910万
Industry
Developed
Few
railroads
many
Nearly zero
Military
Not well equipped
Fully armed
Process of Civil War
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1861--1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!