2018届高考语法专项 定语从句

2018届高考语法专项定语从句

1．who,whom和whose引导的定语从句

(1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。

◆I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.

我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。

◆I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。

◆The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.

我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦，2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的人。

(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which; 指人时相当于of whom。

◆The school shop,whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

◆Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.

汤姆是想出解决方法的唯一工程师。

2．that,which引导的定语从句

(1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that 指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。

◆She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.

她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。

(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况：

①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。

◆I refuse to accept the blame for something that was som eone else’s fault.

我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。

②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

◆The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.

他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

③先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same,any,every,each,few,little,no, some，all等修饰时。

◆The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。

④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。

◆They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.

他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。

(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：

①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。

◆The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much.

这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。

②当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时。

◆We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.

我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。

3．as引导的定语从句

(1)as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same＋先行词＋as…”结构中。

◆Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。

◆(安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,which made one of the Chinese people’s long­held dreams come true.

莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。

(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes,as is said above,as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。

◆She has been absent for the meeting again,as is expected.她又缺席会议了，这在预料之中。

[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River____________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.