懂你英语Level 4-Unit 3 Part 1 Political terms
流利说_懂你英语_Level3_Unit3
Level3 Unit3 Part1 Listening - Life & Conditions 1 There are many forms of life on Earth, including human beings.Life exists in a variety of conditions.Some forms of life live in a watery environment, like the oceans. Other forms of life can be found in very dry areas like deserts. However, for any form of life to exist, conditions must be right. When conditions are not right, that form of life will become extinct. To become extinct means to die out completely.Conditions must be right for life to exist.Millions of years ago there were forms of life that no longer exist. When conditions changed, these forms of life died out.One extinction event happened about 250 million years ago.This was the largest extinction event of all time.Many forms of life became extinct.96% of all life in the oceans died out.Most insects also became extinct.This event happened over a period of several million years.The causes of this extinction event are still unknown.Possible causes include large volcanic eruptions and global warming. Some scientists believe that there were several causes.They believe that a series of events caused the extinctions. Scientists are working to better understand what really happened.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Listening - Life & Conditions 2In modern times we humans face changing conditions.For humans to live, we need clean air and clean water.Pollution is now a growing problem around the world.Pollution poisons the air and water that we depend on.Polluted air makes people sick and afraid to go outside.Polluted water poisons our food supply.As a result, we never know which foods are safe to eat.Human beings cannot live in a poisoned environment.Therefore, pollution is a major threat to our existence.Humans need temperatures to be in a comfortable range.To be in a comfortable range means to be neither too hot nor too cold.With global warming, global temperatures are rising.As temperatures rise, the polar icecaps will melt.As the polar icecaps melt, ocean levels will rise.Areas of some countries will soon be under water.People will be forced to relocate from flooded areas.In nature, even small changes can sometimes have large effects.It’s difficult to predict what’s going to happen.The entire ecosystem that we depend on is changing.Some of these changes are irreversible.Irreversible changes cannot be undone.Let’s hope that humans are smart enough to understand how the world is changin g. With more understanding, we can make better choices about what to do.We can face the challenges of pollution and global warming.We need to do this before it’s too late.This planet Earth is our only home and we need to protect it.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Vocabulary - Forms of LifeMammals are covered by hair or fur, have a backbone and are warm-blooded.All female mammals produce milk for their young.Reptiles are covered by scales and include snakes, lizards and turtles.Reptiles have a backbone and are cold-blooded, which means they often rely on external sources of heat.Birds are covered by feathers and are warm-blooded.Most birds can fly and many types of birds migrate great distances.Most insects such as ants and bees have a small, 3-part body with 3-pairs of legs.Some insects, like mosquitoes, spread diseases that cause the deaths of many humans.Unlike animals, plants get the energy that they need from the sun.Plants convert light energy, along with carbon-dioxide and water, into chemical energy.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Vocabulary – InstrumentsScales and rulers are used to measure weight and length.Units of weight include kilograms and pounds, and units of length include centimeters and inches.These instruments are used to observe very large and very small objects.Telescopes are used by astronomers, and microscopes are used by biologists and doctors.These appliances are used in the kitchens of almost every home.Stoves are used to heat food and refrigerators are used to keep foods cool or cold.Household tools like these are used to build and repair things.Hammers are used to pound in nails and screwdrivers are used to turn a screw.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Dialogue - Dating AnniversaryDo you know what day it is today?What do you mean?Is it a special day?Oh, so you don’t remember.Remember what?What’s so special?It’s our anniversary.We started dating a year ago today.Oh, really? Sorry.Just a minute.What do you think this is?Oh, it’s a necklace.Do you like it?Yes, I do.It’s lov ely, especially the red heart.May I put it on?No, let me do it.So you did remember.Of course I remembered.It’s a very special day for both of us.I have something for you too.You do?Yes, but it will have to wait until later.Oh, I can’t wait.Tell me what it is.(It's the first year anniversary of their first date.)Can you guess what it is?Could you give me a hint?We went there six month ago.Oh, you mean Alfredo’s.Yes, aren't you excited?You said you really liked the food there.Yes, that’s true.I also remember the dessert, do you?Yes, but let’s not talk about that now.Let’s not ruin the surprise.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Dialogue - Fine Dining That restaurant looks nice.Yes, but it looks expensive.Let’s go in and look the menu.Wow, the menu looks great, especially the fish.Yes, it looks good, but look at those prices.Let’s try somewhere else.Sometimes it’s okay to spend a little money.Yes, but these prices are a bit too high, don’t you think?Yes, they are a bit high.But don’t you think I’m worth it?Let’s enjoy ourselves.Ah, ok, if you put it that way.Let’s see if we can get a table.I’m glad you have your credit card.I sure hope the food is good.Stop worrying.Let’s just enjoy.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Listening - QuickServe 1 QuickServe is a home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.QuickServe handles plumbing and electrical issues 24 hours a day.It also cleans roofs, fixes internet connections and replaces broken windows. For a small fee, customers subscribe to the service.Its main customers are the elderly, which means older people.Whenever customers have a problem, they can call for help.There is also a small service charge for each service call.The company was established 5 years ago, and is growing rapidly.It started in one city, but is now in 5 cities.The company plans to expand to 10 cities within the next 24 months.In each city, there is a small central office in a low-rent area of the city.The central office handles the business, advertising, payroll and billing.It also takes calls from customers, either online or by telephone.It takes calls 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.60% of the company’s employees work from their homes.When a customer calls in to central office, a service employee is contacted.The service employee then contacts the customer and sets up an appointment.These service employees are highly trained and provide excellent service.In emergencies, such as a serious plumbing problem, service can be provided within an hour.One reason for this is that the service employees live in different parts of the city.They are not centrally located, so it’s quicker and easier for them to travel to a customer’s home.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Listening - QuickServe 2QuickServe has an excellent reputation.Its prices are reasonable and its services are quick and efficient.The company’s service employees are clean, polite and efficient.In this type of business, person to person contact is the key to success.With each satisfied customer, more customers subscribe.Satisfied customers recommend QuickServe to their friends.This kind of word-of-mouth advertising is very cost effective.Cost effective means that the results are good without paying a high price.In other words, quality service provides its own reward to the company.The company takes great pride in being honest with its customers.There are no hidden charges for their services.As a result, the number of customers in each city is growing rapidly.With the aging population, there are more elderly people who need home repair services.These people need to have confidence in the service provider.They don’t want to be cheated.These people don’t mind paying a reasonable fee for high quality service.High quality service should be rewarded.The company provides a range of service plans, each with a different subscription price.The least expensive service plan is called the basic plan.This plan provides non-emergency services with a very low service charge.The most expensive service plan is their VIP plan.The VIP plan provides emergency services 24 hours a day with no additional service charge.It also provides rebates to customers who don’t call for any service during the year.In addition, QuickServe gives bonus points to customers for each year that they subscribe.These bonus points can be used to buy new appliances such as stoves and refrigerators.If the business continues to grow, the owners may decide to take the company public. This means that the public can buy shares of the company.It will then change from a privately-owned company to a public company.The owners believe that their business is successful and can expand around the world. They also believe that taking their company public can make them rich.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Vocabulary – SciencesBiology is the study of life, including its structure and evolution.Biologists study how life survives and reproduces.Chemistry is the study of matter, including the structure of atoms and molecules.Chemists study how various substances interact with each other.Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences.Astronomers study the structure and evolution of the universe, including the study of stars, planets, and galaxies.Geology is the study of the structure and history of the Earth and other planets.Geologists study different types of rocks, earthquakes and the different layers of the Earth.Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, patterns and change.Mathematics is used by all other branches of science.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Vocabulary – DisastersHere are some types of terrible events that hurt or kill people.Earthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.During earthquakes, many people are often killed by collapsing buildings and bridges.Floods happen when rivers rise and overflow their banks.Floodwaters damage or destroy many houses and businesses.Fires destroy buildings, land and forests.There are many causes for fire, including lightning.In a hurricane, high winds destroy buildings, and sometimes cause flooding.Some hurricanes have winds of more than 200 miles an hour.Car accidents happen when cars collide, or when drivers lose control of their cars.One of the main causes of car accidents is driving too fast.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Dialogue - Desk Assembly What’s in that big box you are carrying?It’s a new desk.I just bought it and now I have to put it together.Do you need any help?No, I don’t think so.I just need to get my tools.I’ll need a screwdriver a nd maybe a hammer.Don’t forget to read the instructions.How are things going?I’m almost finished.Something doesn’t look right to me.The right side is higher than the left side.Oh, you are right.It looks like I put a couple of screws into the wrong places.So now you'll have to take it apart.Great. And I thought I was almost finished.I told you to read the instructions.Did you read them?No, I didn’t read them.I hate to read instructions.I looked them, but they were confusing.Well, this is what happens when you don’t.You were too impatient.Anyway, what can I do to help you?Would you get another screwdriver and help me unscrew some of these screws? OK, but next time please read the instructions.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Dialogue - Life and the UniverseDo you ever look up at the sky and think about life and universe?I did when I was a kid.But I don’t do that very much anymore.Why do you ask?Sometimes I feel like I'm lost in day-to-day details.Then when I look up at the sky, I see the big picture.I appreciate things more, even the little things.You sound like a philosopher or a poet.I felt like that too when I was a kid.Don’t you feel like that anymore?No, I don’t.In fact, I try not to.When I think about things too deeply, I get depressed.It’s even a bit frightening.Really? For me, it’s just the opposite.Everything seems like a wonderful miracle.Doesn’t that frighten you a bit?The universe is so large and we are so small.What I realize is how little we understand.We just need to appreciate our lives and not get lost.Sometimes being lost isn’t so bad.Do you know the expression, ignorance is bliss?Sure, I’ve heard it many times.To be ignorant is to be happy.Maybe it’s true.Maybe it’s best not to think or know too much.No, that’s not for me.I want to understand as much as possible.That’s why I became a scientist.Well, I respect your choice, but it’s not for me.If understanding is painful, I’d rather not understand.Level3 Unit3 Part3 Listening - Harry's Business Trip 1 Harry is on a business trip.Yesterday he was supposed to fly from San Francisco to Shanghai. However, things didn’t turn out the way they were supposed to.In fact, nothing went the way it was supposed to.Everything went w rong and he didn’t get on his flight.As a result, he is still in San Francisco.The following is a summary of what happened.Yesterday morning he got up as usual and had breakfast.Everything seemed to be fine and he was looking forward to the trip.He was just about to check out of his hotel when he felt a pain.It was a pain in his lower back.It was a dull pain at first -- not too bad.So he didn’t worry about it and checked out of the hotel.Then he got on the shuttle bus to the airport.About halfway to the airport, the pain in his back started to get worse.It was a growing pain, and he was beginning to worry.Soon it was difficult for him to sit in his seat.The pain was getting worse.He wanted to lie down.He started to sweat and breathe quickly.He was in real pain then.On a scale of 1 to 10, the pain was an 8.When the bus got to the airport, the bus driver helped him get off.It was difficult for him to walk, but he finally made it to the terminal. Inside the terminal, he went to th e men’s bathroom.He went to the toilet, but that didn’t help.Instead of improving, he felt dizzy and he threw up.By now he was wet from all his sweating.He knew he couldn’t get on his flight.Level3 Unit3 Part3 Listening - Harry's Business Trip 2 He used his phone to call the airline.He explained the situation and cancelled his reservation.Then he called 911 for emergency help.911 is the emergency number to call for help in the United States.An ambulance arrived about 10 minutes after he called.By then he was in so much pain that he could barely walk.Once inside the ambulance, they gave him oxygen to help him breathe.But the pain was still terrible.Then they drove him into a hospital near the airport.Luckily, the hospital was on his health plan.That means his health insurance is supposed to pay for everything.Medical costs in the United States are very high.When he arrived at the hospital, he was taken to the emergency room.After some tests, a doctor told him he had a kidney stone.It was a very small stone, but it caused a lot of pain.It was passing through a small tube in his body, from his kidney to his bladder. The pain would go away once it got to his bladder.Until then, he had to take pain medicine to reduce the pain.Harry didn’t have to stay at the hospital for very long.With the pain medicine, the pain went away very quickly.He took a taxi back to his hotel and checked in for another night.Then he called the airline and made a reservation for another flight.The flight will leave tomorrow.Until then he’ll just rest in his hotel.There may even be a good movie to watch.So, when you're travelling, please be prepared for emergencies.Make sure you have medical insurance.You never know when something like this can happen to you!So be prepared!Level3 Unit3 Part3 Vocabulary - Sources of EnergySolar energy is one of the cleanest and most plentiful sources of energy.Solar power depends on sunlight, so in cloudy weather and at night, no power is generated.Wind energy is non-polluting but is only useful in places where there is a lot of wind.Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power.Nuclear energy is efficient and doesn’t produce carbon gases as a waste product.The dangers of nuclear power include deadly radioactive waste products.A major source of energy comes from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil.When we burn fossil fuels, waste gases such as CO2 are produced.Fossil fuels remain the largest source of energy for most countries.Hydropower comes from the kinetic energy of falling water.Output is reliable and can be regulated to meet the demand, except during periods of drought.(Dams are expensive to build and affect wildlife such as fish.)Level3 Unit3 Part3 Vocabulary - Types of wordsHere are some different types of words in English.Words that are nouns or pronouns are used to represent objects.A noun or a pronoun can be a person, an animal or a thing, including an idea.Verbs are used to express actions, such as to sit down or stand up.We also use verbs to express relationships, such as to love someone or to own something.We use adjectives to describe objects, such as a tall building.Adjectives are used with nouns and pronouns, but not with verbs.We use adverbs to describe actions, such as to run fast or to walk slowly.Adverbs express the quality of an action, such as how well or poorly something is done.We use conjunctions to connect things or actions, such as to read and write.Conjunctions include words such as and, or, because, but and yet.Level3 Unit3 Part3 Dialogue - Good News & Bad News Hey, I’ve got some news, some good news and some bad news.OK, give me the bad news first.We're moving to a new office.When is this going to happen?We are supposed to move at the end of next month.How far away is the new office?We are not sure yet, but it will mean a longer commute for most of us.The new office will probably be on the other side of the city.The commute is already too long f or me and I’m not going to change flats.We just bought one.Anyway, what’s the good news?The good news is that we are going to expand.The company is growing so we are gonna hire more people.Well, I’ve got some news for you too.I hope it’s a good n ews.Well, that depends on your point of view.I’m planning to start my own business.Why? I thought you were happy working here.I like the work, but I’m not learning anything new.I think I can do better on my own.I was planning to wait a few months.But now that the office is moving, I’m ready to make the change. What does your wife think?She’s in favor of it and she'll help me.She’s already designing a website.We’ll work from home at first.So you really are serious about this?You’re taking a big risk.Most new businesses fail.Yes, I know, but if I don’t do it now, I never will.I’m tired of working for others.I know what you mean.Don’t tell anyone about this, OK?It’s still a secret.Sure, I won’t say anything to anybody.I’m sure this will come as a surprise to everyone.I’m sure changing offices will also come as a surprise to people. This is exactly why I want to work on my own.I don’t like these kinds of surprises.You are right about that.When are you gonna let people know?I’ll make the announcement at the beginning of next month.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Listening - Leonardo da Vinci 1 Leonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest geniuses of all time.He was a painter, an architect, an engineer and a scientist.He was born in Vinci, Italy in 1452.Vinci is a town just outside of the great Italian city, Florence.His name, da Vinci, means "of Vinci".Leonardo’s father was a lawyer and landowner, and his mother was a peasant. Leonardo’s parents were never married to each oth er.Leonardo lived with his mother until he was around 5 years old.When he was 5, he moved into the home of his father.By then his father had married a 16-year-old girl.Leonardo’s mother married another man and moved to another town.She had many more children after that, with several different men.In the end, Leonardo had more than 15 half-sisters and brothers.As a young man, Da Vinci didn’t go to school.He was educated at home in reading, writing and mathematics.In other subjects, he was mostly self-educated.He had access to books at his father’s home.Leonardo spent a lot of time outdoors and developed a strong interest in nature. He loved to observe things, especially birds.He was also interested in the properties of water.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Listening - Leonardo da Vinci 2 Leonardo’s early drawings and paintings demonstrated a rare talent.His father and his father’s friends recognized his talent and encouraged him.When he was 15, he was sent to Florence.In Florence, he became an apprentice to a famous master painter.For the next few years, Leonardo worked at his master’s workshop.It wasn’t long before his ability surpassed that of his master.Some people say that his master became jealous of Leonardo’s great talent.They say that the master vowed to never paint again!In 1478, with his father’s help, Leonardo set up his own workshop.In 1482, he entered the service of a powerful man in the city of Milan.This man was the Duke of Milan.For the next few years Leonardo designed buildings, machinery and weapons of war.Weapons were important because Italy was constantly at war during this period.From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo produced designs for a variety of weapons.In his notes, he predicted the development of advanced weapons such as submarines and flying machines.In 1499, the French invaded Italy and Leonardo left Milan.Altogether, Leonardo spent 17 years in Milan.During this period, he spent much of his time studying nature.He dissected bodies, both human and animal, to study and illustrate anatomy.His detailed illustrations are masterpieces.Leonardo filled many notebooks with drawings and ideas.He wrote backwards so you need a mirror to read them.After 1500, Leonardo spent time in a number of Italian cities.He worked very slowly, and the range of his interests was very wide.As a result, Leonardo left many paintings and projects unfinished.One painting that he did finish was the Mona Lisa, one of the world’s most famous paintings.People are still interested in this painting, 500 years after he painted it.Though there are many theories, nobody knows who the woman in the painting really was.In 1516 Leonardo left Italy for good when the French King, Francis I, offered him a position.There, he had the freedom to paint and draw whatever he wanted.Leonardo died in 1519, at the age of 67.Some say that the French King, who had become a close friend, was with him when he died.He was buried in a church which was destroyed during the French Revolution.The exact location of his remains is unknown.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Vocabulary - Sources of PollutionWaste water and carbon gases from farm animals are bad for the environment. Animals wastes and other chemicals flow into the ground and pollute water supplies.Exhaust gases from automobiles are a major cause of air pollution and global warming.As a result, many companies are trying to produce more efficient and cleaner cars.Pesticides and fertilizers are used by farmers to grow crops such as fruits and vegetables.These chemicals pollute water supplies when they flow into the ground or rivers.Factories like this one allow harmful chemicals to get into the air or water.Companies need to try harder to protect the environment and our health.Nuclear waste products are radioactive and can pollute the environment for thousands of years.They need to be safely transported and stored in a safe place.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Vocabulary - Historical FiguresThe British writer, Jane Austen, was born in England in 1775, one of seven children.She wrote some of the most popular love stories of all time.One of the most famous female rulers in history, Cleopatra had affairs with Julius Caesar and later with Mark Antony.She was known for her great beauty and charming voice.Born in 1756, Mozart composed and performed some of the world’s greatest classical music.He was the youngest of 7 children and by the age of 5 he was already composing music.The son of a king, Alexander the great, was a military leader who created one of the largest empires in the ancient world.As a youth, Alexander was taught by the Greek philosopher Aristotle.Mahatma Gandhi was a 20th century leader who used nonviolent resistance to lead India to independence.Gandhi dedicated his life to the pursuit of truth.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Dialogue - An urgent CallI’d like to speak with Mr. Bennett, please.I’m sorry, but he’s not here right now.Would you like to leave a voice message?It’s urgent that I speak with him.It’s an emergency.Oh, I see.What kind of emergency?It’s very personal so I can’t give you any details.Without more details I’m afraid I can’t give you his number. Give me your number and I’ll let him know about your call. Then maybe he’ll call you back.Would that be okay?Sure, my number is 5834987.It would be great if he could call me within the next half hour.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Dialogue - Setting the Bill That was a great dinner.Here, put away your wallet, I’ll pay the bill.You paid last time, this time is my turn to pay.Hey, you don’t have a job, and I do, let me pay.Thanks for the offer, but I can handle it.Wait, let’s flip for it.Flip for it? What does that mean?Do you see this coin?This side is heads and the opposite side is tails.I’ll flip it up in the air.If it co mes down with heads facing up, I’ll pay.If tails are the up, you can pay.OK, that’s fine with me.Look, it’s heads up, so I’ll pay.Thanks, it’s very nice of you.It’s my pleasure.Do you want anything else, Sir?Would you like to see the desserts menu?No, thanks, I’m ready for the check.Here is my credit card.I’m sorry, Sir, but we don’t take credit cards.You’re joking, right?No, sir. I’m not joking.Do you see that sign? It says cash only.I didn’t see it when I came in.I don’t have enough cash to pay the bill.There is a bank down the street, Sir.If you let me hold your driver’s license, you can go and get the cash. OK, I hope the bank is open.The bank is closed, but you can use the ATM to get your cash.。
懂你英语Level3 Unit1 Part1
L e v e l3U n i t1P a r t 1Listening: An Usually DayKathy usually gets up at 6:30, but this morning she didn't hear her alarm.As a result, she overslept.She didn't get up until 7 o'clock, thirty minutes later than usually.As a result, she didn't have time to cook breakfast for her children.(What time did she usually get up?) (What time did she get up?)Today Kathy and her kids left home early.They usually leave home at 7:30, but today they left home at 7:15.They left early because they had to buy breakfast on their way to school.(What time did they leave home?)It usually takes 45 minutes to drive her kids to school, but today it took longer.It took them longer because they stopped for breakfast along the way.It took 15 minutes for them to have breakfast.They ate at a little coffee shop along the side of the road.(How long did they usually take to drive her kids to school?)After eating breakfast, they got into their car.On most days, the traffic isn't too bad in the morning.But this morning, it was much worse than usual.The cars were moving very slowly.As a result, it took them longer than usual to get to school.One of her children got school on time, but the other two were late.They were late because their schools are farther away.They were both about 10 minutes late to school.When Kathy finally got home, she cleared her house as usual.She vacuumed the living room and cleaned the bathroom.Then she talked with her friend on the phone as usual.When she finished talking with her friend, she got into her car.She put the key into the ignition and tried to start engine.But her car's engine didn't start.Her car battery wad dead, so she had to call for help.After getting a new battery for her car, the engine started.Then Kathy drove to the mall to meet her friend.She arrived the mall an hour late, but her friend was waiting for her.They had lunch together, then they went shopping.They both bought new shoes and something for their kids.Kathy bought a new tie for her husband.It's now 3 o'clock, and everything is going as usual.Kathy doesn't want anything else to go wrong.She wants the rest of the day to go as usual.She doesn't want any more surprises.And tomorrow, she won't oversleep.She never wants to oversleep again.Listening: Bus ScheduleHere is a bus schedule at a bus stop.On most days, the buses come on schedule, but sometimes they don't.Yesterday, for example, several buses were late.This is because the traffic yesterday was much heavier than usual.( What happened yesterday?)Bus was supposed to come at 8:40, but it was 5 minutes late.It didn't come until 8:45.Bus was supposed to come at 8:30.But yesterday it didn't come at 8:40.It was 10 minutes late.Not one bus came early.(How many buses came early?)As a result of the delays, one man got on the wrong bus.He wanted to go to the airport, so he wanted to get on Bus .He expected it to come at 8:40.Instead, he got on Bus , which came at 8:40.He didn't notice that it was the wrong bus.It didn't go to the airport.As a result, he missed his fright.(What time was But No. 38 supposed to came?) (Which bus did the man want to take?)Vocabulary: Activities and FoodsWeddings are where two people get married.This man and woman are getting married.The building in the middle is an office building.Many people come to work here during a week.These people are at a dance party.The woman in the green dress is dancing with her boyfriend.These two people are meeting for the first time.They are shaking hands.This young boy is brushing his teeth.He brushes his teeth several times a day.(Who are shaking hands?) (Where are people get married?)Candies and cakes are sweet, because they are made with lots of sugar.Eating too many sweets isn't good for your teeth.Lemons and grapefruit taste a little sour, so some people don't like them.Some sour tasting foods have a lot of vitamin C.These red peppers are very hot and spicy.Eating hot or spicy foods raises body temperature, so don't eat them before going to bed. These foods are deep-fried and greasy.Grease foods have a lot of calories, so don't eat them if you want to lose weight.Health foods are usually natural and don't include dangerous chemicals.Fruits and vegetables are examples of healthy foods.Vocabulary: Spatial RelationsThe triangle is inside the square.The square is around?the?triangle.The?triangle?is?inside?the circle.The circle?is?around?the?triangle.The square is inside the triangle.The triangle is around the square.The circle is between 2 small squares.There is a square on either side of the circle.The circle is on the left of a rectangle.The rectangle is on the right of the square.Dialogue: Meeting at the airportHey, where are you? I don't see you anywhere.I'm on the subway.My fright arrived early, and I am tired.I'm sorry to be late. I'll be there as fast as I can.(Where is she?)Where are you now?There are 3 more stops. I'll be there in 10 minutes.I'll meet you at the bus stop in front of terminal 2. Then we get a taxi.OK. I'll look for you in front of terminal 2. See you soon.(When will he be there?) He will be there in 10 minutes.(Where are they going to meet?) They are going to meet at a bus stop in front of terminal 2.Dialogue: Staying up lateWhat's the matter, Tom?I don't feel well.Are?you?sick?No,?I?don’t?think?so.I’m?just?tired.Didn’t?you?get?enough?sleep?No,?I?didn’t.I?went?to?bed?later?than?usual?last?night.(Why is he tired?)What time did?you?go?to?bed?I didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock.Why did you stay up so late?I was watching some videos online.(Why did he stay up so late?)What kind of videos?Music videos from all over the world.Really?Sure, I'll send you some links if you like.Thanks, I like music videos too.They are really fun.Just don't stay up too late.Don't worry, I won't stay up too late. I need my sleep. (Why won't she stay up too late?)。
懂你英语level 3 unit
L e v e l3u n i t1p a r t1 ListeningKathy usually gets up at 6:30, but th is morning, she didn’t hear heralarm.As a result, she overslept.She didn’t get up until 7:00, 30 minutes later than usual. As a result, she didn’t have time to cook breakfast for her children.-Why did she oversleep?–She didn’t hear her alarm.-Why didn’t she cook breakfast?–She didn’t have time.Today Kathy and her kids left home early.They usually leave home at 7:30, but today they left at 7:15. They left early because they had to buy breakfast on their way to school.-Why did they leave home early?–They had to buy breakfast on their way to school.-What did they have to buy on their way to school?–their breakfast.It usually takes 45 minutes to drive her kids to school, but today it took longer.It took them longer because they stopped for breakfast along the way.It took 15 minutes for them to have breakfast.They ate at a little coffee shop along the side of the road. -How long does it usually take to drive her kids to school? –It usually takes 45 minutes.-How long did it take them to have breakfast?–It took 15 minutes.After eating breakfast, they got back into their car.On most days the traffic isn’t too bad in the morning.But this morning, it was much worse than usual.The cars were moving very slowly.As a result it took them longer than usual to get to school. -What did they do after eating breakfast?–They got back into their car.One of her children got to school on time, but the other two were late.They were late because their schools are farther away.They were both about 10 minutes late to school.–How late were two of her children?–They were about 10 minutes late.When Kathy finally got home she cleaned her house as usual. She vacuumed the living room and cleaned the bathroom. Then she talked with her friend on the phone as usual.When she finished talking with her friend she got into her car. She put the key into the ignition, and tried to start the engine. But the car’s engine didn’t start.Her car battery was dead, so she had to call for help.-What happened when she tried to start her car?–The car’s engine didn’t start.-Why did she have to call for help?–to get a new battery.After getting a new battery for her car, the engine started. Then Kathy drove to the mall to meet her friend.She arrived to the mall an hour late but her friend was waiting for her.They had lunch together and then they went shopping.They both bought new shoes and some things for their kids.。
懂你英语level3unit3
懂你英语L e v e l3u n i t3(总28页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Level 3 unit 3 part1ListeningThere are many forms of life on Earth, including human beings.Life exists in a variety of conditions.Some forms of life live in a watery environment, like the oceans. Other forms of life can be found in very dry areas, like deserts. However, for any form of life to exist, conditions must be right. When conditions are not right, that form of life will become extinct. Tobecome extinct means to die out completely.-What must be right for life to exist?-Conditions.-What happens if conditions are not right–Life cannot exist.Conditions must be right for life to exist.Millions of years ago, there were forms of life that no longer exist. When conditions changed, these forms of life died out.One extinction event happened about 250 million years ago.This was the largest extinction event of all time.Many forms of life became extinct.96% of all life in the oceans died out.Most insects also became extinct.This event happened over a period of several million years.-What happened about 250 million years ago–Many forms of life became extinct.-What happens in an extinction event–Many forms of life became extinct.The causes of this extinction event are still unknown.Possible causes include large volcanic eruptions and global warming.Some scientists believe that there were several causes.They believe that a series of events caused the extinctions. Scientists are working to better understand what really happened. -What is the one possible cause of this event–Volcanic eruptions.In modern times, we humans face changing conditions.For humans to live, we need clean air and clean water.Pollution is now a growing problem around the world.Pollution poisons the air and water that we depend on.Polluted air makes people sick and afraid to go outside. Polluted water poisons our food supply.As a result, we never know which foods are safe to eat.Human beings cannot live in a poisoned environment. Therefore, pollution is a major threat to our existence.-What do humans need to live–Clean air and clean water.-What poisons the air and water–Pollution.Humans need temperatures to be in a comfortable range.To be in a comfortable range means to be neither too hot nor too cold.With global warming, global temperatures are rising.As temperatures rise, the polar icecaps will melt.As the polar ice caps melt, ocean levels will rise.Areas of some countries will soon be under water.People will be forced to relocate from flooded areas.-As temperatures rise, what will happen to the polar icecaps–The polar icecaps will melt.-As the polar icecaps melt, what will happen–Ocean levels will rise.In nature, even small changes can sometimes have large effects.It’s difficult to predict what’s going to happen.The entire ecosystem that we depend on is changing.Some of these changes are irreversible.Irreversible changes cannot be undone.-What can small changes sometimes cause–Large effects.-What is happening to the world’s ecosystem?–Ecosystem is changing.Let’s hope that humans are smart enough to understand how the world is changing.With more understanding, we can make better choices about what to do.We can face the challenges of pollution and global warming.We need to do this before it’s too late.This planet Earth is our only home and we need to protect it.-What challenges do we need to face–Pollution and global warming.We need to protect the environment that supports us.VocabularyMammals are covered by hair or fur, have a backbone, and are warm blooded.All female mammals produce milk for their young.Reptiles are covered by scales, and includes snakes, lizards and turtles.Reptiles have a backbone and are cold blooded, which means they often relied on the external source of heat.Birds are covered by feathers and are warm blooded.Most birds can fly and many types of birds migrate great distances. Most insects such as ants and bees have a small three part of body with three pairs of legs.Some insects, like mosquitoes, spread diseases that cause the deaths of many humans.Unlike animals, plants get the energy that they need from the sun. Plants convert light energy, along with carbon dioxide and water, into chemical energy.Insects don’t have a backbone and most are cooled-blooded. Insects such as ants and bees live in well-organized colonies. Mosquitoes cause the deaths of more humans than any other animal. Mammals include some of the most intelligent animals on earth, such as elephants and human beings.Scales and rulers are used to measure weight and length.Units of weight include kilograms and pounds, and units of length include centimeters and inches.These instruments are used to observe very large and very small objects.Telescopes are used to by astronomers and microscopes are used by biologists and doctors.These appliances are used in the kitchens of almost every home. Stoves are used to heat food and refrigerators are used to keep foods cool or cold.Household tools like these are used to build and repair things. Hammers are used to pound in nails and screwdrivers are used to turn a scow.If you need to pound in a nail, use a hammer.DialogueW: do you know what day it is today?M: what do you mean Is it a special dayW: oh, so you don’t remember.M: remember what What’s so spe cialW: it’s our anniversary. We started dating a year ago today.M:oh, really, I’m sorry.-When did they first start dating –A year ago.M: just a minute. What do you think this is?W: oh, it’s a necklace.M: do you like it?W: yes, I do. It’s lovely, es pecially the red heart. May I put it on? M: no, let me do it.-What did he give her–A necklace.W: so you did remember.M: of course I remembered. It’s a very special day for both of us. W: I have something for you too.M: you do?W: yes, but it will have to wait until later.M: oh, I can’t wait. Tell me what it is.-What would have to wait until later–She’s going to give him a gift.Do you know what today is?W: can you guess what it is?M: could you give me a hint?W: we went there six month ago.M: oh, you mean Alfredo’s.W: yes, are you excited You said you really like the food there.M: yes, that’s true. I also remember the dessert. Do you?W: yes, but let’s not talk about that now. Let’s now ruin the surprise.-What is Alfredo’s–A restaurant.-What aren’t they going to talk about–They aren’t going to talk about the desert.He remembered that today is their anniversaryW: That restaurant looks nice.M: Yes, but it looks expensive.W: Let’s go in and look the menu. Wow the menu looks great, especially the fish. M:Yes, it looks good, but look at those prices.-What doesn’t she like about the menu–She likes the food choices.M: Let’s try somewhere else.W: Sometimes it’s ok to spend a little money.M: Yes, but these prices are a bit too high, don’t you think?W: Yes, there are a bit high. But don’t you think I’m worth it Let’s enjoy ourselves.M: Ah, ok, if you put it that way. Let’s see if we can get a table. W:I’m glad you have your credit card.M: I sure hope the food is good.W: Stop worry ing. Let’s just enjoy.-Who is going to pay the bill–He will pay the bill.-How is he going to pay–He is going to use his credit card. Heis worried about spending so much moneyLevel 3 unit 3 part2ListeningQuickServe is a home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.QuickServe handles plumbing and electrical issues, 24 hours a day. It also cleans roofs, fixes internet connections and replaces broken windows.For a small fee, customers subscribe to the service.Its main customers are the elderly, which means older people. Whenever customers have a problem, they can call for help.There is also a small service charge for each service call.-What kind of services does QuickServe provide–Home repair servicesThe company was established 5 years ago and is growing rapidly.It started in one city but is now in 5 cities.The company plans to expand to 10 cities within the next 24 months. In each city there is a small central office in the low-rent area of the city.The central office handles the business, advertising, payroll and billing.It also takes calls from customers, either on line or by telephone. It takes calls 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.-When was the company established–It started five years ago.-Where does the company locate its central offices–They locate in low-rent areas.60% of the company’s employees work from their homes.When a customer calls into central office, a service employee is contracted.The service employee then contracts the customer and signs up an appointment.These service employees are highly trained and provide excellent service.In emergencies, such as a serious plumbing problem, service can be provided within an hour.One reason for this is that the service employees live in different parts of the city.They are not centrally located so it’s quicker and easier for them to travel to a customer’s home.-Where do 60% of the company’s employees work–From their own homes.QuickServe has an excellent reputation.Its prices are reasonable and its services are quick and efficient.The company’s service employees are clean, polite and efficient.In this type of business, person to person contact is the key to success.With each satisfied customer, more customers subscribe.Satisfied customers recommend QuickServe to their friends.This kind of word of mouth advertising is very cost effective.Cost effective means that the results are good without paying a high price.Inother words, quality service provides its own reward to the company.-What kind of customers recommend QuickServe to their friends–Satisfied customers.-What kind of reputation does the company have–It has an excellent reputation.The company takes great pride in being honest with its customers. There are no hidden charges for their services.As a result, the number of customers in each city is growing rapidly. With the aging population there are more elderly people who need home repair services.These people need to have confidence in the service provider. They don’t want to be cheated.These people don’t mind to pay a reasonable fee for high quality service. High quality service should be rewarded.-What should be rewarded?–High quality service.-What is the company pride of–It’s honest with its customers.The company provides a range of service plans, each with the different subscription plans.The least expensive service plan is called the basic plan.This plan provides non-emergency services with a very low service charge.The most expensive service plan is their VIP plan.The VIP plan provides emergency services 24 hours a day with no additional service charge.It also provides rebates to customers who don’t call for any services during the year.In addition, QuickServe gives bonus points to customers for each year they subscribe.These bonus points can be used to buy new appliances such as stoves and refrigerators.-What kind of service plans does the company provide–It has a range of plans.-What can bonus points be used for–Buying new appliances.If the business continues to grow, the owners may decide to take the company public.This means that the public can buy shares of the company.It will then change from a privately-owned company to a public company.The owners believe that their business is successful and can expand around the world. Theyalso believe that taking their company public can make them rich.-Why do the owners want to take their company public–They can become rich.VocabularyBiology is the study of life, including its structure and evolution. Biologists study how life survives and reproduces.Chemistry is the study of matter, including the structure of atoms and molecule.Chemists study how various substances interact with each other. Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences.Astronomers study the structure and evolution of the universe, including the study of stars, planets, and galaxies.Geology is the study of the structure and history of the Earth and the other planets.Geologists study different types of rocks, earthquakes, and different layers of the Earth.Mathematic is the study of numbers, shapes, patterns and change. Mathematicis used by all other branches of science.Here are some types of terrible events that hurt or kill people. Earthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.During earthquakes, many people are often killed by collapsing buildings and bridges.Floods happen when rivers rise and overflow their banks.Flood waters damage or destroy many houses and businesses.Fires destroy buildings, land and forests.There are many causes for fire, including lightning.In a hurricane, high winds destroy buildings, and sometime cause flooding.Some hurricanes have winds of more than 200 miles an hour.Car accidents happen when cars collide, or when drivers lose control of their cars.One of the main causes of car accidents is driving too fast.When people are not careful, they can start fires that can cause a lot of damage.DialogueW: What’s in the big box you are carrying?M: It’s a new desk. I just bought it and now I have to put it together. W: Do you need any help?M: No, I don’t think so. I just need to get my tools. I’ll need a screwdriver and maybe a hammer.W:Don’t forget to read the instructions.-What does he need–Some tools.W: How are things going?M: I’m almost finished.W: Something doesn’t look right to me. The right side is higher than the left side.M:Oh, you are right. It looks like I put a couple of screws into the wrong places.-What doesn’t look right–The desk.W: So now you have to take it apart.M: Great. And I thought I was almost finished.W: I told you to read the instructions. Did you read them?M: No, I didn’t read them. I hate to read instructions. I looked them, but they were confusing.W: Well, this is what happens when you don’t. Y ou were too impatient. Anyway, what can I do to help you?M: Would you get another screwdriver and help me unscrew some of these screwsW:Ok, but next time please read the instructions.-What didn’t he do–Read the instructions.-What was wrong with the instructions–They were confusing.W: Do you ever look up at the sky and think about life and universe? M: I did when I was a kid. But I don’t do that for as much anymore. Why do you ask?W: Sometimes I feel like I lost in day-to-day details. Then when I look up at the sky, I see the big picture.I appreciate things more, even the little things.-What happens when she sees the big picture?–She appreciates things more.-What doesn’t he do so much anymore–He doesn’t think about life and universe.M: You sound like a philosopher or a poet. I felt like that too when I was a kid.W: Don’t you feel like that anymore?M: No, I don’t. In fact, I try not to. When I think about things too deeply,I get depressed. It’s even a bit frightening.W: Really For me, it’s just the opposite. Everything seems like a wonderful miracle.M:Doesn’t that frighten you a bit The universe is so large and we are so small.-What happens when he thinks too deeply–He gets depressed.W: What I realize is how little we understand. We just need to appreciate our lives and not get lost.M: Sometimes being lost isn’t so bad. Do you the expression, ignorance is blissW:Sure, I’ve heard it many times. To be ignorant is to be happy.-What does the word bliss mean–Complete happiness.-What does she realize–There is a lot that we don’t understand.M: Maybe it’s true. Maybe it’s best not to think or know too much. W: No, that’s not for me. I want to understand as much as possible. That’s why I became a scientist.M: Well, I respect you r choice, but it’s not for me. If understanding is painful, I’d rather not understand.-Why does she become a scientist–She wants to understand as much as possible.-What does n’t he agree with–Her choice.Level 3 unit 3 part3ListeningHarry is on a business trip.Yesterday he was supposed to fly from San Francisco to Shanghai. However, things didn’t turn out the way they were supposed to.In fact, nothing went the way it was supposed to.Everything went wrong and he didn’t get on his flight.As a result, he is still in San Francisco.-What was he supposed to do yesterday–Fly to Shanghai.-When was Harry supposed to fly to Shanghai–Yesterday.The following is the summary of what happened.Yesterday morning he got up as usual and had breakfast. Everything seemed to be fine and he was looking forward to the trip. He was just about to check out of his hotel when he felt a pain.It was a pain in his lower back.It was a doll pain at first, not too bad.So he didn’t worry about it and he checked o ut of the hotel.Then he got on a shuttle bus to the airport.-Where was the pain located–It was a pain in his lower back.-Why didn’t he worry about the pain–It wasn’t too bad at first.About half way to the airport, the pain in his back started to get worse.It was a growing pain, and he was beginning to worry.Soon it was difficult for him to sit in the seat.The pain was getting worse.He wanted to lie down.He started to sweat and breathe quickly.He was in real pain then.On a scale of 1 to 10, the pain was an 8.-How was the pain changing–It was getting worse.-Why did he want to lie down–It was difficult for him to sit in the seat.When the bus got to the airport the bus driver helped him get off. It was difficult for him to walk but he finally made it to the terminal. Inside the terminal he went to the man’s bath room. Hewent to the toilet but that didn’t help.Instead of improving he felt dizzy and he threw up.By now he was wet for all the sweating.He knew he couldn’t get on his flight.-How did he feel after he went to the toilet–He felt dizzy and sick.-Where did he go once he got inside the terminal–He went to the men’s bathroom.He used his phone to call the airline.He explained the situation and cancelled his reservation.Then he called 911 for emergency help.911 is the emergency number to call for help in the United State.-What did he do to his reservation–He cancelled it.-Why did he call 911–He called 911 for emergency help.An ambulance arrived about 10 minutes after he called.By then he was in so much pain that he could barely walk.Once inside the ambulance they gave him oxygen to help him breathe.But the pain was still terrible.Then they drove him into a hospital near the airport.Luckily the hospital was on his health plan.That means his health insurance is supposed to pay for everything. Medical costs in the United States are very high.-Who was supposed to pay for his medicine care–His health insurance company.-What did they give him inside the ambulance–They gave him oxygen to help him breathe.When he arrived at the hospital he was taken into the emergency room.After some test a doctor told him he had a kidney stone.It was a very small stone but it caused a lot of pain.It was passing through a small turbine his body from his kidney to his bladder.The pain would go away once it got to his bladder.Until then he had to get pain medicine to reduce the pain.-Where was he taken when he got to the hospital–He was taken to the emergency room.-What did he take to control his pain–Some pain medicine.Harry didn’t have to stay at the hospital for very long.With the pain medicine the pain went away very quickly.He took a taxi back to his hotel and checked in for another night. Then he called the airline and made reservation for another flight. The flight will leave tomorrow.Until then he’ll just rest in his hotel.There may even be a good movie to watch.-Where will he be until his next flight–He’ll stay in his hotel.-What is he going to do until his next flight–He is going to have some rest.So when you are travelling, please be prepared for emergencies. Make sure you have medicine insurance.You never know when something like this can happen to you.So be prepared.-What should you have before travelling–Medicine insurance.It’s a good idea to have medicine insurance before travelling.VocabularySolar energy is one of the cleanest and most plentiful sources of energy.Solar power depends on sunlight, so in cloudy weather and at night, no power is generated.Wind energy is nonpolluting but is only useful in place where there is a lot of wind.Wind turbines convert the connect energy of the wind into mechanical power.Nuclear energy is efficient and doesn’t produce carbon gases as a waste product.The dangers of nuclear power include deadly radioactive waste products.A major source of energy comes from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil.When we burn fossil fuels, waste gases such as CO2 are produced. Fossil fuels remain the largest source of energy for most countries. Hydropower comes from the kinetic energy of falling water.Output is reliable and can be regulated to meet the demand, except during the periods of drought.One of the main problems we face is how to reduce the use of the fossil fuels to produce energy.We need to reduce the use of the fossil fuels to produce energy. Dams are expensive to build and affect wildlife such as fish.Here are some different types of words in English.Words that are nouns or pronouns are used to represent objects.A noun or a pronoun can be a person, an animal or a thing, including an idea.Verbs are used to express actions, such as to sit down, or stand up. We also use verbs to express relationships, such as to love someone or to own something.We used adjectives to describe objects, such as a tall building. Adjectives are used with nouns and pronouns, but not with verbs. We use adverbs to describe actions, such as to run fast or walk slowly.Adverbs express the quality of an action, such as how well or poorly something is done.We use conjunctions to connect things or actions, such as to read and write. Conjunctionsinclude words such as and, or, because, but, and yet.Nouns and pronouns can be used to represent any objectDialogueW: Hey, I’ve got some news, some good news and some bad news. M: OK, give me the bad news first.W: We are moving to a new office.M: When is this going to happen?W: We are supposed to move at the end of next month.M: How far away is the new office?W: We are not sure yet. But it will mean a longer commute for most of us. The new office will probably be on the other side of the city. M: The commute is already too long for me and I’m not going to change flats. We just bought one.-What did he just but –He just bought a new flat.-How is the move going to affect the commute–It’ll make the commute longer for most of the employees.M: Anyway, what’s the good news?W: The good news is that we are going to expand. The company is growing so we are going to hire more people.M: Well, I’ve got some news for you too.W: I hope it’s a good news.M: Well, that depends on your point of view. I’m planning to start my own business.W: Why I thought you were happy working here.M: I like the work, but I’m not learning anything n ew. I think I can do better on my own.-Why is the company going to hire more people–The company is growing.M: I was planning to wait a few months. But now that the office is moving, I’m ready to make the change.W: What is your wife think?M: She’s in fever of it and she will help me. She’s already designing a website. We’ll work from home at first.W: So you really are serious about this You’re taking a big risk. Most new businessesfail. M: Yes, I know, but if I don’t do it now, I never will. I’m tir ed of working for others.W: I know what you mean.-What does his wife think his decision–She’s in favor of it.-What is he serious about–He is serious about starting his own business.M: Don’t tell anyone about this, OK It’s still a secret.W: Sure, I won’t say anything to anybody. I’m sure this will come as a surprise to everyone.M: I’m sure changing offices will also come as a surprise to people. This is exactly why I want to work on my own. I don’t like these kinds of surprises.W: You are right about that. When are you going to let people know M:I’ll make the announcement at the beginning of next month.-What is a secret–His decision to leave the company.-When is he going to let people know about his decision to leave–He’ll announce h is decision at the beginning of next monthLevel 3 unit 3 part4ListeningLeonardo Da Vinci is one of the greatest geniuses of all time.He was a painter, an architect, an engineer and a scientist.He was born in Vinci, Italy in 1452.Vinci is a town just outside the great Italian city, Florence.His name Da Vinci means of Vinci.Leonardo’s father was a lawyer and a landowner and his mother was a pesent. Leonardo’sparents were never married to each other.-How long were his parents married–They were never married.-Where was he born–In Vinci, Italy.Leonardo lived with his mother until he was around 5 years old. When he was 5, he moved into the home of his father.By then, his father had married a 16-year-old girl.Leonardo’s mother married another man and moved to another town.She had many more children after that, with several different men. In the end, Leonardo had more than 15 half-sisters and brothers.-With whom did he live when he was 5–His mother.As a young man, Da Vinci didn’t g o to school.He was educated at home in reading, writing and mathematics.In other subjects, he was mostly self-educated.He had access to books at his father’s home.Leonardo spent a lot of time outdoors and developed a strong interest in nature.He loved to observe things, especially birds.He was also interested in the properties of water.-What did he have access to at home–Books at his father’s home.-In what did he develop a strong interest–He developed a strong interest in nature.Leonardo’s ear ly drawings and paintings demonstrated a rare talent. His father and his father’s friend recognized his talent and encouraged him.When he was 15, he was sent to Florence.In Florence, he became an apprentice to a famous master painter.For the next few ye ars Leonardo worked at his master’s workshop.It wasn’t long before his ability surpassed that of his master.Some people say that his master became jealous about Leonardo’s greatest talent.They say that the master vowed to never paint again.In 1478, wit h his father’s help, Leonardo set up his own workshop.-Who became jealous with Leonardo’s talent–His master in Florence.In 1482, he entered the service of a powerful man in the city of Milan. This man was the duke of Milan.For the next few years, Leonardo designed buildings, machinery and weapons of war.Weapons were important because Italy was constantly at war during this period.From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo produced designs for a variety of weapons.In his notes, he predicted the development of advanced weapons such as submarines and flying machines. In 1499, the French invaded Italy, and Leonardo left Milan.-Why did Leonardo live Milan–The French invaded Italy.-Who did Leonardo work for in Milan–He worked for the duke of Milan.All together Leonardo spent 17 years in Milan.During this period he spent much of his time studying in nature.He dissected bodies, both human and animal, to study an illustrate anatomy.His detailed illustrations are masterpieces.Leonardo filled many notebooks with drawings and ideas.。
懂你英语Level3unit3
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懂你英语Level3unit3Level 3 unit 3 part1ListeningThere are many forms of life on Earth, including human beings。
Life exists in a variety of conditions.Some forms of life live in a watery environment， like the oceans.Other forms of life can be found in very dry areas， like deserts.However， for any form of life to exist， conditions must be right。
When conditions are not right， that form of life will become extinct。
Tobecome extinct means to die out completely。
-What must be right for life to exist?-Conditions。
-What happens if conditions are not right?–Life cannot exist。
懂你英语Level-4
L4 Unit 1-1Listening 旅游Christina is on a two-weeks vacation. This is the first vacation she has had for a long time. The last vacation she took was more than 2 years ago. Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco. Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city. He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley. While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.Christiana hasn’t seen her friend for a long time. The last time they saw each other was 3 years ago. At that time, they were both working at a department store. Then Christina quit her job and started her own business. She designs women’s clothing. She has 2 employe es now and her company is slowly growing.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself. Her hu sband didn’t come because he has to work. He tried to start a company 2 years ago, but it didn’t work out. His company failed after only a few months. So now he’s working at another company and saving money. Once he saves enough money, he plans to start an other company. He doesn’t want to give up.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco. The first time was when she was a high school student. That was more than 10 years ago. During that trip she was only in San Francisco for a few days. After that she went to Los Angles and New York. This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday. Her friend met her at the airport and drove her to her apartment. Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco. It’s a small apartment, but it’s on a hill and it has a great view. Yesterday, they went downtown and rode the cable cars. Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are. Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at the seafood restaurant. From the restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate bridge.Tomorrow they’re planning to drive to Yosemite National Park. By car it’s about 4 hoursaway. Christina has never been there before, so she is excited. She has heard that the park is very beautiful. Her friend has been to Yosemite several times. She says it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world. Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.L4 Unit 1-1 vocabulary 伤病和地貌地形Headache can be very painful and can last for a long time. If you have headache your head hurts.A headache can be caused by an injury to the head.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can’t walk. Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use to crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow. A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin cause by fire or heat. If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear. Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure or water in the ear.Mountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level. Hills are like mountain, but not as tall. Mountains are formed by the forces deep within the earth and are made of many types of rocksRivers are stream of water that usually begin at mountains and flow into the sea. Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world’s water is in the oce an, which are the large bodies of salt water. The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, covering more area than all the continents put together.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall. The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees F.A valley is low, relatively flat area between hills and mountains, often with the river running through it. Some valleys are formed by flowing river and others are formed by glaciers.L4 Unit 1-1 dialogue 谈论吃饭和预约M: Have you eaten yet.F: Not, I haven’t and I’m hungry.M: Me too. Let’s go out for din ner.F: Where toM: What about joe’s Italian.F: How many times have you eaten there.M: I eat there a lot. It’s one of my favorite places.F: I went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible.M: Really, then let’s go some places else. What do you suggest?F: How about the royal Indian. It’s not far from here.M: I’ve never heard of it. Is it good?F: Yes, I have been there several times and I’ve never been disappointed.M: Ok, let’s try it. I’ve never eaten Indian food for a long time.F: You won’t be disappointed and the prices are reasonable.M: Ah, so you mean I’m going to pay.F: Well, that would certainly be nice.M: What about reservations.F: If you get there early enough, we won’t need them.M: I hope you’re right.F: Don’t worry, if we ha ve to wait, I‘ll pay the bill.L4 Unit 1-2 Listening 旅游2Today, Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves. This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco. They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south. Because it was so early, there were almost not cars.After driving an hour and a half, they stopped to had breakfast. They ordered pancakes and coffee. They also had some fresh fruits. When they finished eating, it was 7 o’clock. Then they got back into the car and drove south. Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio. An hour later they stopped for gas. They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.It’s now 1:15 and they are in Yosemite Park. They have been there for two hours, since 11:15. They are looking at the Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park. The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of upper fall to the base of the lower fall.In another 15 minutes they plan to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park. It was built in 1927 and has a great view. They wanted to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservation. To get a room at that hotel you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o’clock. By then they will have been in the park for nearly 5 hours. Then they’ll get back into the car and dr ive back to San Francisco. They plan t o eat dinner somewhere along the way. If the traffic isn’t too b ad, they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o’clock.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast. From some places, you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life. Christina has n ever seen a whale before, so she’s looking forward to it. And tomorrow night they have something special planned. They are going to watch a baseball game. Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US.And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.L4 Unit 1-2 vocabulary 力学、几何A force is a push or a pull on the object. A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The earth is a planet that goes around the sun in the circular orbit. The speed of its motion doesn’t change and the direction of its motion does. The earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.Atoms are the building blocks of matter. At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge.Asteroids(小行星) and comics are object that orbits（轨道）our sun, but are smaller than planets. Asteroid that pass close to the earth are called the near-earth objects. The layer of gases, just above the earth surface, is our atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen. Without an atmosphere, there would be not life on earth.The two lines on the left intersect（横断）each other at a right angle which is 90 degrees. The 2 lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of rectangle are perpendicular, which means they meet at a 90-degree angle. The opposite sides of the rectangle are equal a parallel, which means they never cross. The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is the 2 dimensional（尺寸的）figures with radius（半径）and circumference which is the distance around the circle. The area of the circle is π R square, where r is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle’s circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a 3 dimensional figure with the a ratio and volume, which is the three-fourth πR cube（立方体）. All points on the surface of the sphere are equidistant（等距离的）from its center.A rectriangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 3 sides, 2 of which are perpendicular. To find itsarea, multiply the length of the 2 perpendicular（垂直的）sides, A and B and divided by 2, A equates（相等）one half A B.The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion.L4 Unit 1-2 dialogueM：Have you finished eating yet.F：Not, I haven’t.Why are you in such a hurry.M：I’m sorry, but you are such a slow eater.F：A slow eater? Well I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow. I don’t see how you can even taste it.M：Ok, I’m sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wine.F：No, go ahead. I don’t want you to sit there putting pressure on me. I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.M：Yes, you are right. I’d like to relax, but I had a lot on my mind.F：What created?M：Yes. it is. I’ve been getting some strange emails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses. Maybe he wants to fire me.F：Is business bad?M：Yes, it is. But I don’t want to talk about i t.F：Ok, but I’m a good listener. You can tell me if you’d like to.M：Thanks, maybe some other time. I’ll try to start thinking about it and deal with it tomorrow. F：Good idea. You need to take a break from work. Your health is important and so am I.M：Yes, you are. I don’t know what I would do without you.L4 Unit 1-3 listening 旅游3Harry is an American businessman. His job requires him to do a lot of travelling. He takes 9 or 10 trips a year. In the past six months he has made five trips. Three were to Asia and two were to Europe. The purpose of these trips is to attend meetings and make presentations.Harry loves to travel and he has traveled to many countries. Most of his trips are for one or two weeks. His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old. He really wanted to see Asia, so he and a friend flew to Tokyo, Japan.From Tokyo, they traveled around Japan for 2 weeks. The people they met very nice, but most of them didn’t speak English. Harry tried to speak a little Japan ese, but it was difficult. He didn’t do very well. When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him. They didn’t understand what he was trying to say.From Japan they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China. In China they visited the Great Wall in Beijing. He stayed in Beijing for a few days and then they boarded a train for shanghai. It was an overnight train with sleeping cars.During the journey, they enjoyed looking out of the window at the countryside. The view from the train was wonderful. Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening. It was a beautiful sunset.The journey to shanghai took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience. On the train, he met a Chinese Professor who spoke English. He was middle-aged man whose hair was turning grey. He told them about how things were changing in China. It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking. His eyes were full of energy and excitement.They only stayed in shanghai for a couple of days. Then they returned to the US and went back to school. They had one more year to finish their studies.Harry’s next new trips were to different parts of the world. He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries. On one trip he travel through the UK and France. On the next trip he went Italy and Greece.After the Europe he traveled to Mexico and South America. In south America he went toArgentina and Brazil. He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.Then he decided to go back to Asia. But this time, he went to Southeast Asia. He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. Each country had a charm of its own.After this travel, harry decided to make travel part of his career. He didn’t want to work only in the US. He didn’t want work only with Americans. He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures. His dream was to work for an international company.Five years ago his dream came true. Now he’s working for a German hi-tech company. As part of his job, he has to travel a lot. As a result, he has been to many cities and counties. And he has met many interesting people.L4 Unit 1-3 vocabulary 牙齿、人体器官cavity n.腔，洞;蛀牙，龋洞A dental cavity is a hole in the tooth. A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth. Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.cracked adj.有裂缝的;声音沙哑的;精神失常的v.破裂;崩溃(crack的过去分词);发沙哑声A cracked tooth can be caused by biting down on some hard. Dentists the treat cracked tooth by covering it with a crown(牙冠).A dental X-ray is a picture of your teeth and gums. An X-ray shows what can’t be seen on the surface of teeth and gums.Braces are used by dentists to straighten teeth over a period of years. Those braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To extract a tooth means to remove it from the mouth. Dentists have to pull hard to extract a tooth.The heart pumps blood to all parts of bodies through a system of arteries and vein. It’s located in the chest, between the lungs and it beats about once per second.Artery n.[解剖]动脉;干线，要道toxin n.毒素;毒质The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood. They are been shaped organ and about 10 cm long, and 6 cm wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air with CO2 from the blood. They expand when inhaling air and contract when exhaling air.Inhale vt.& vi.吸气;吸入;〈非〉狼吞虎咽Exhale vt.发散出;放出，放射;使蒸发;[医]渗出vi.呼气;发散;放出The stomach is below the heart and is part of the digestive system. It uses acids to digest foodbefore passing it to the small intestine.Small intestine n.小肠The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys. In an audit, the bladder can hold about half a liter of urine.urine n.尿;小便;下泉 a liter of 公升L4 Unit 1-3 dialogue 谈论贿赂P: Good evening, sir. You were driving too fast.M: Really. Was i.P: Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.M: I’m sorry, officer.P: Ok, I need to see your driver’s license.M: Here’s my driver’s license.P: Your license is expired. Are you aware of that?M: No, sir. That’s a surprise. I didn’t know.P: It expired more than a year ago.P: Is this your car.M: No, sir, it’s a friend’s.I’m borrowing it for the night.P: Get out of the car and put your hands behind your back. M: Why officer? what have I done?P: Just do as I say.M: Ok officer, I’m cooperating. Please don’t push me.P: Get your hands behind your back.M: Ok, ok!P: I’m not asking you. I’m ordering you.M: Please officer. I haven’t done anything wrong.P: Stay still and don’t say anything. This is a stolen ca r, are you aware of that.M: Are you going to arrest me.P: What do you think? That’s what we do with car thieves.M: If you let me go. I will give you a couple of thousand dollars. I haven’t hurt anybody. P: So now you’re trying to bribe me. How stupid c an you be.M: I just don’t want to go back to jail. Give me a break.P: Sure, you are a nice guy. I’d like to give you a break. But that’s nothing I can do. M: Please officer.P: Ok, where is the money. Let me see it and I will think about it.L4 Unit 1-4 listening 家政服务Quick service is a successful home repair company. It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes. It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly. In the last 2 years, it has opened offices in 3 new cities.Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees. In the last 6 months, it has hired 50 new employees. The total number of the employees in the company is now over 500. And the number of the customers has increased to more than 5000.The company has also improved its business model. Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers upgrade their appliances. Quick Service does this by one. If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price. So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation. This is possible because several appliance manufactures have agreed to give QuickService big discounts. QuickService then installs the new appliance and remove the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.A high percentage of customers have taken advantages of this new service. As a result, QuickService has developed a great reputation. Its dedication to the high quality service has proven to be successful. Its word-of-mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective. The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results. Their growing relationship with QuickService has helped increase their sales.The world’s population is growing. There are now over 7 billion people in the world. During the 20th century, the population grew from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. It’s now going at a rate of around 1.1% per year. That means an increase is about 80 million per year. By 2024 the population is expected to be around 8 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher. In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%. Since then the growth rate has declined. It is estimated that the growth rate will be even less than 1% by 2020. By the year 2050 the growth rate should be even less.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow. But it will grow at a slower rate. In the past 50 years, the world’s population has more than doubled. It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011.The rate of growth varies by country. The growth rate in India is more than twice that of china. And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is Africa, is more than twice than India’s growth rate. Russia, one the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years. When the country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.L4 Unit 1-4 vocabulary 名人和性格Co-founder of Apple, this entrepreneur was a major figure in the computer industry. He was self-center and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products. He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack Ma is one of the richest and most famous men in china. He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exam twice. Despite of many failures, he has built one of the world’s largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of world’s richest and famous athletes. He stared playing professional football when he was just 17. Much of his successful at an athlete, is because he practice hard than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writing some women education. In 2012, she was shot in the head and nearly killed. She survived the injury and became the world’s most famous teenager.Born in 1942, Stephen Hocking is one of the world’s most famous scientists. When he was 23, he was diagnosed with AIS, a rare disease of the nerves. Because of his disease, he is unable to walk and talk.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people. They generally dislike going to social events such as party. It’s often difficult to make friend with shy person because they won’t open up.Outgoing people are enjoying being with other people and are comfortable in social situations. They are friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometime they can be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention. They like people to look at them and pay attention to them. Self-centered people often talk too much and don’t listen enough.Selfish and greedy people don’t share things with others. They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trust-worthy, are important in almost any situation. They can be depended on to get things done. These people can be trusted.Some people really dislike being around self-centered people.L4 Unit 1-4 dialogue 女朋友M1：Hey, steven, you know I’m your friend, right.M2：Sure, I know that. What are you trying to say.M1：I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re making a fool of yourselves.M2：How am i make a fool of myselfM1：You girlfriend are taking advantage of you.M2：Taking advantaging of me?M1：Yes, I think so. She just using you.M2：So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s ok. I’m using her too.M1：What do you mean. Aren’t you in love with her?M2：Yes, I’m in love with her. But that doesn’t mean that I’m not using her too.M1：I don’t understand. What do you mean.M2：Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love. I can’t imagine life without her. Even if she hurts me sometimes, I love her.M1：Do you trust her.M2：Yes, I trust. She tells me what’s important to her. She’s honest with me. She is never lied to me about anything important.M1：Are you honest with her?M2：Yes, we are honest with each other, even when it hurts. And because we’re honest with each other, we trust each other.M1：Ok, so you don’t think you’re being taken advantage of.M2：No, I do n’t, as long as she is honest with me. The day she isn’t honest with me, will be the end of our relationship. And when that happens, my heart will break. But until then, I’m her man.M1：Ok, I think I understand. I didn’t think you knew what was going on.M2：I’m as stupid as my look, my friend. Being in love with her, makes my life exiting.M1：Well, I hope you’re right.L4 Unit 2-1 Listening 物种、环境The earth was formed about 4.6 million years ago. The first life appeared about a billion years later. The first plants didn’t appear until around 2 billion years ago. Until around 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic(微观). Since that time, live has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth. In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of the mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries. These events are not predictable and can happen at any time. Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions. Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago. That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth. As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events. A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years. When the asteroid hit the earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere. This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died. With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed. This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life. In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution. For example, some mammals lived through the age of dinosaurs, but they couldn’t compete. When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully. Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state. Without the extinction events, perhaps we wouldn’t be here today.Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years. They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event. Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before. Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities. Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer. As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing. In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening. Specials of live are disappearing at an increasing rate. Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing. Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future. If we don’t act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.L4 Unit 2-1 vocabulary 身体系统、产业、技术The body circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood to all parts of body through a network of arteries（动脉）and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body. It supplies the energy that the body need s for growth and repair. After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves. This is your bodies control system. It controls your muscles and organs included your circulatory and digestive system.The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases. Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works. If an infection invades the body and the immune system attacks it.The control use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates. Fire provided the light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people can grow food and settle into communities. By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things, such as art.With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.The domestication of animals allows people to raise and use animals for food and work. By raise herds of animals, such as sheep, people have regular supply of meat and clothing. The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in a more fashion manufacturing and construction. With better tools and machines, works can be done with fewer people and much lower cost.The development of science and engineering has improved many things including communications. With understanding of electricity, telephone and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.。
懂你英语Level 3 unit 1
Level 3 unit 1 part1ListeningKathy usually gets up at 6:30, but th is morning, she didn’t hear her alarm. As a result, she overslept.She didn’t get up until 7:00, 30 minutes later than usual.As a result, she didn’t have time to cook breakfast for her ch ildren.-Why did she oversleep–She didn’t hear her alarm.-Why didn’t she cook breakfast–She didn’t have time.Today Kathy and her kids left home early.They usually leave home at 7:30, but today they left at 7:15.They left early because they had to buy breakfast on their way to school. -Why did they leave home early–They had to buy breakfast on their way to school.-What did they have to buy on their way to school–their breakfast.It usually takes 45 minutes to drive her kids to school, but today it took longer.It took them longer because they stopped for breakfast along the way.It took 15 minutes for them to have breakfast.They ate at a little coffee shop along the side of the road.-How long does it usually take to drive her kids to school–It usually takes 45 minutes.-How long did it take them to have breakfast–It took 15 minutes.After eating breakfast, they got back into their car.On most days the traffic isn’t too bad in the morning.But this morning, it was much worse than usual.The cars were moving very slowly.As a result it took them longer than usual to get to school.-What did they do after eating breakfast–They got back into their car.One of her children got to school on time, but the other two were late. They were late because their schools are farther away.They were both about 10 minutes late to school.–How late were two of her children–They were about 10 minutes late.When Kathy finally got home she cleaned her house as usual.She vacuumed the living room and cleaned the bathroom.Then she talked with her friend on the phone as usual.When she finished talking with her friend she got into her car.She put the key into the ignition, and tried to start the engine.But the car’s engine didn’t sta rt.Her car battery was dead, so she had to call for help.-What happened when she tried to start her car–The car’s engine didn’t start.-Why did she have to call for help–to get a new battery.After getting a new battery for her car, the engine started.Then Kathy drove to the mall to meet her friend.She arrived to the mall an hour late but her friend was waiting for her. They had lunch together and then they went shopping.They both bought new shoes and some things for their kids.。
懂你英语Level3unit
Level 3 unit 3 part1ListeningThere are many forms of life on Earth, including human beings.Life exists in a variety of conditions.Some forms of life live in a watery environment, like the oceans. Other forms of life can be found in very dry areas, like deserts. However, for any form of life to exist, conditions must be right. When conditions are not right, that form of life will become extinct. To become extinct means to die out completely.-What must be right for life to exist?-Conditions.-What happens if conditions are not right?–Life cannot exist.Conditions must be right for life to exist.Millions of years ago, there were forms of life that no longer exist. When conditions changed, these forms of life died out.One extinction event happened about 250 million years ago.This was the largest extinction event of all time.Many forms of life became extinct.96% of all life in the oceans died out.Most insects also became extinct.This event happened over a period of several million years.-What happened about 250 million years ago?–Many forms of life became extinct.-What happens in an extinction event?–Many forms of life became extinct.The causes of this extinction event are still unknown.Possible causes include large volcanic eruptions and global warming. Some scientists believe that there were several causes.They believe that a series of events caused the extinctions. Scientists are working to better understand what really happened.-What is the one possible cause of this event?–Volcanic eruptions.In modern times, we humans face changing conditions.For humans to live, we need clean air and clean water.Pollution is now a growing problem around the world.Pollution poisons the air and water that we depend on.Polluted air makes people sick and afraid to go outside. Polluted water poisons our food supply.As a result, we never know which foods are safe to eat.Human beings cannot live in a poisoned environment.Therefore, pollution is a major threat to our existence.-What do humans need to live?–Clean air and clean water.-What poisons the air and water?–Pollution.Humans need temperatures to be in a comfortable range.To be in a comfortable range means to be neither too hot nor too cold. With global warming, global temperatures are rising.As temperatures rise, the polar icecaps will melt.As the polar ice caps melt, ocean levels will rise.Areas of some countries will soon be under water.People will be forced to relocate from flooded areas.-As temperatures rise, what will happen to the polar icecaps?–The polar icecaps will melt.-As the polar icecaps melt, what will happen?–Ocean levels will rise.In nature, even small changes can sometimes have large effects.It’s difficult to predict what’s going to happen.The entire ecosystem that we depend on is changing.Some of these changes are irreversible.Irreversible changes cannot be undone.-What can small changes sometimes cause?–Large effects.-What is happening to the world’s ecosystem?–Ecosystem is changing.Let’s hope th at humans are smart enough to understand how the world is changing.With more understanding, we can make better choices about what to do.We can face the challenges of pollution and global warming.We need to do this before it’s too late.This planet Earth is our only home and we need to protect it.-What challenges do we need to face?–Pollution and global warming.We need to protect the environment that supports us.VocabularyMammals are covered by hair or fur, have a backbone, and are warm blooded.All female mammals produce milk for their young.Reptiles are covered by scales, and includes snakes, lizards and turtles. Reptiles have a backbone and are cold blooded, which means they often relied on the external source of heat.Birds are covered by feathers and are warm blooded.Most birds can fly and many types of birds migrate great distances. Most insects such as ants and bees have a small three part of body withthree pairs of legs.Some insects, like mosquitoes, spread diseases that cause the deaths of many humans.Unlike animals, plants get the energy that they need from the sun. Plants convert light energy, along with carbon dioxide and water, into chemical energy.Insects don’t have a backbone and most are cooled-blooded.Insects such as ants and bees live in well-organized colonies. Mosquitoes cause the deaths of more humans than any other animal. Mammals include some of the most intelligent animals on earth, such as elephants and human beings.Scales and rulers are used to measure weight and length.Units of weight include kilograms and pounds, and units of length include centimeters and inches.These instruments are used to observe very large and very small objects. Telescopes are used to by astronomers and microscopes are used by biologists and doctors.These appliances are used in the kitchens of almost every home. Stoves are used to heat food and refrigerators are used to keep foods cool or cold.Household tools like these are used to build and repair things. Hammers are used to pound in nails and screwdrivers are used to turn a scow.If you need to pound in a nail, use a hammer.DialogueW: do you know what day it is today?M: what do you mean? Is it a special day?W: oh, so you don’t remember.M: remember what? What’s so special?W: it’s our a nniversary. We started dating a year ago today.M:oh, really, I’m sorry.-When did they first start dating? –A year ago.M: just a minute. What do you think this is?W: oh, it’s a necklace.M: do you like it?W: yes, I do. It’s lovely, especially the red heart. May I put it on? M: no, let me do it.-What did he give her?–A necklace.W: so you did remember.M: of course I remembered. It’s a very special day for both of us. W: I have something for you too.M: you do?W: yes, but it will have to wait until later.M: oh, I can’t wait. Tell me what it is.-What would have to wait until later?–She’s going to give him a gift.Do you know what today is?W: can you guess what it is?M: could you give me a hint?W: we went there six month ago.M: oh, you mean A lfredo’s.W: yes, are you excited? You said you really like the food there. M: yes, that’s true. I also remember the dessert. Do you?W: yes, but let’s not talk about that now. Let’s now ruin the surprise. -What is Alfredo’s?–A restaurant.-What aren’t t hey going to talk about?–They aren’t going to talk about the desert.He remembered that today is their anniversaryW: That restaurant looks nice.M: Yes, but it looks expensive.W: Let’s go in and look the menu. Wow the menu looks great, especially the fish. M:Yes, it looks good, but look at those prices.-What doesn’t she like about the menu?–She likes the food choices.M: Let’s try somewhere else.W: Sometimes it’s ok to spend a little money.M: Yes, but these prices are a bit too high, don’t you t hink?W: Yes, there are a bit high. But don’t you think I’m worth it? Let’s enjoy ourselves.M: Ah, ok, if you put it that way. Let’s see if we can get a table.W:I’m glad you have your credit card.M: I sure hope the food is good.W: Stop worrying. Let’s just enjoy.-Who is going to pay the bill?–He will pay the bill.-How is he going to pay?–He is going to use his credit card. Heis worried about spending so much moneyLevel 3 unit 3 part2ListeningQuickServe is a home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.QuickServe handles plumbing and electrical issues, 24 hours a day.It also cleans roofs, fixes internet connections and replaces broken windows.For a small fee, customers subscribe to the service.Its main customers are the elderly, which means older people. Whenever customers have a problem, they can call for help.There is also a small service charge for each service call.-What kind of services does QuickServe provide?–Home repair servicesThe company was established 5 years ago and is growing rapidly.It started in one city but is now in 5 cities.The company plans to expand to 10 cities within the next 24 months.In each city there is a small central office in the low-rent area of the city. The central office handles the business, advertising, payroll and billing. It also takes calls from customers, either on line or by telephone. It takes calls 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.-When was the company established?–It started five years ago.-Where does the company locate its central offices?–They locate in low-rent areas.60% of the company’s employees work from their homes.When a customer calls into central office, a service employee is contracted.The service employee then contracts the customer and signs up an appointment.These service employees are highly trained and provide excellent service. In emergencies, such as a serious plumbing problem, service can be provided within an hour.One reason for this is that the service employees live in different parts of the city.They are not centrally located so it’s quicker and easier for them to travel to a customer’s home.-Where do 60% of the company’s employees work?–From their own homes.QuickServe has an excellent reputation.Its prices are reasonable and its services are quick and efficient.The company’s service employees are clean, polite and efficient.In this type of business, person to person contact is the key to success. With each satisfied customer, more customers subscribe.Satisfied customers recommend QuickServe to their friends.This kind of word of mouth advertising is very cost effective.Cost effective means that the results are good without paying a high price.Inother words, quality service provides its own reward to the company. -What kind of customers recommend QuickServe to their friends?–Satisfied customers.-What kind of reputation does the company have?–It has an excellent reputation.The company takes great pride in being honest with its customers. There are no hidden charges for their services.As a result, the number of customers in each city is growing rapidly. With the aging population there are more elderly people who need home repair services.These people need to have confidence in the service provider.They don’t wa nt to be cheated.These people don’t mind to pay a reasonable fee for high quality service. High quality service should be rewarded.-What should be rewarded?–High quality service.-What is the company pride of?–It’s honest with its customers.The company provides a range of service plans, each with the different subscription plans.The least expensive service plan is called the basic plan.This plan provides non-emergency services with a very low service charge.The most expensive service plan is their VIP plan.The VIP plan provides emergency services 24 hours a day with no additional service charge.It also provides rebates to customers who don’t call for any services during the year.In addition, QuickServe gives bonus points to customers for each year they subscribe.These bonus points can be used to buy new appliances such as stoves and refrigerators.-What kind of service plans does the company provide?–It has a range of plans.-What can bonus points be used for?–Buying new appliances.If the business continues to grow, the owners may decide to take the company public.This means that the public can buy shares of the company.It will then change from a privately-owned company to a publiccompany.The owners believe that their business is successful and can expand around the world. Theyalso believe that taking their company public can make them rich.-Why do the owners want to take their company public?–They can become rich.VocabularyBiology is the study of life, including its structure and evolution. Biologists study how life survives and reproduces.Chemistry is the study of matter, including the structure of atoms and molecule.Chemists study how various substances interact with each other. Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences.Astronomers study the structure and evolution of the universe, including the study of stars, planets, and galaxies.Geology is the study of the structure and history of the Earth and the other planets.Geologists study different types of rocks, earthquakes, and different layers of the Earth.Mathematic is the study of numbers, shapes, patterns and change. Mathematicis used by all other branches of science.Here are some types of terrible events that hurt or kill people. Earthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.During earthquakes, many people are often killed by collapsing buildings and bridges.Floods happen when rivers rise and overflow their banks.Flood waters damage or destroy many houses and businesses.Fires destroy buildings, land and forests.There are many causes for fire, including lightning.In a hurricane, high winds destroy buildings, and sometime cause flooding.Some hurricanes have winds of more than 200 miles an hour.Car accidents happen when cars collide, or when drivers lose control of their cars.One of the main causes of car accidents is driving too fast.When people are not careful, they can start fires that can cause a lot of damage.DialogueW: What’s in the big box you are carrying?M: It’s a new desk. I just bought it and n ow I have to put it together. W: Do you need any help?M: No, I don’t think so. I just need to get my tools. I’ll need a screwdriver and maybe a hammer.W:Don’t forget to read the instructions.-What does he need?–Some tools.W: How are things going?M: I’m almost finished.W: Something doesn’t look right to me. The right side is higher than the left side.M:Oh, you are right. It looks like I put a couple of screws into the wrong places.-What doesn’t look right?–The desk.W: So now you have to take it apart.M: Great. And I thought I was almost finished.W: I told you to read the instructions. Did you read them?M: No, I didn’t read them. I hate to read instructions. I looked them, but they were confusing.W: Well, this is what happens when you don’t. You were too impatient. Anyway, what can I do to help you?M: Would you get another screwdriver and help me unscrew some of these screws?W:Ok, but next time please read the instructions.-What didn’t he do?–Read the instructions.-What was wrong with the instructions?–They were confusing.W: Do you ever look up at the sky and think about life and universe? M: I did when I was a kid. But I don’t do that for as much anymore. Why do you ask?W: Sometimes I feel like I lost in day-to-day details. Then when I look up at the sky, I see the big picture.I appreciate things more, even the little things.-What happens when she sees the big picture?–She appreciates things more.-What doesn’t he do so much anymore?–He doesn’t think about life and universe.M: You sound like a philosopher or a poet. I felt like that too when I was a kid.W: Don’t you feel like that anymore?M: No, I don’t. In fact, I try not to. When I think about things too deeply, I get depressed. It’s even a bit frightening.W: Really? For me, it’s just the opposite. Everything seems like a wonderful miracle.M:Doesn’t that frighten you a bit? The universe is so large and we are sosmall.-What happens when he thinks too deeply?–He gets depressed.W: What I realize is how little we understand. We just need to appreciate our lives and not get lost.M: Sometimes being lost isn’t so bad. Do you the expression, ignorance is bliss?W:Sure, I’ve heard it many times. To be ignorant is to be happy.-What does the word bliss mean?–Complete happiness.-What does she realize?–There is a lot that we don’t understand.M: Maybe it’s true. Maybe it’s best not to think or know too much.W: No, that’s not for me. I want to understand as much as possible. That’s why I became a scientist.M: Well, I respect your choice, but it’s not for me. If understanding is painful, I’d rather not understand.-Why does she become a scientist?–She wants to understand as much as possible.-What does n’t he agree with?–Her choice.Level 3 unit 3 part3ListeningHarry is on a business trip.Yesterday he was supposed to fly from San Francisco to Shanghai. However, things didn’t turn out the way they were supposed to.In fact, nothing went the way it was supposed to.Everything went wrong and he didn’t get o n his flight.As a result, he is still in San Francisco.-What was he supposed to do yesterday?–Fly to Shanghai.-When was Harry supposed to fly to Shanghai?–Yesterday.The following is the summary of what happened.Yesterday morning he got up as usual and had breakfast. Everything seemed to be fine and he was looking forward to the trip. He was just about to check out of his hotel when he felt a pain.It was a pain in his lower back.It was a doll pain at first, not too bad.So he didn’t worry about i t and he checked out of the hotel.Then he got on a shuttle bus to the airport.-Where was the pain located?–It was a pain in his lower back.-Why didn’t he worry about the pain?–It wasn’t too bad at first.About half way to the airport, the pain in his back started to get worse. It was a growing pain, and he was beginning to worry.Soon it was difficult for him to sit in the seat.The pain was getting worse.He wanted to lie down.He started to sweat and breathe quickly.He was in real pain then.On a scale of 1 to 10, the pain was an 8.-How was the pain changing?–It was getting worse.-Why did he want to lie down?–It was difficult for him to sit in the seat.When the bus got to the airport the bus driver helped him get off.It was difficult for him to walk but he finally made it to the terminal. Inside the terminal he went to the man’s bath room. Hewent to the toilet but that didn’t help.Instead of improving he felt dizzy and he threw up.By now he was wet for all the sweating.He knew he could n’t get on his flight.-How did he feel after he went to the toilet?–He felt dizzy and sick.-Where did he go once he got inside the terminal?–He went to the men’s bathroom.He used his phone to call the airline.He explained the situation and cancelled his reservation.Then he called 911 for emergency help.911 is the emergency number to call for help in the United State.-What did he do to his reservation?–He cancelled it.-Why did he call 911?–He called 911 for emergency help.An ambulance arrived about 10 minutes after he called.By then he was in so much pain that he could barely walk.Once inside the ambulance they gave him oxygen to help him breathe.But the pain was still terrible.Then they drove him into a hospital near the airport.Luckily the hospital was on his health plan.That means his health insurance is supposed to pay for everything. Medical costs in the United States are very high.-Who was supposed to pay for his medicine care?–His health insurance company.-What did they give him inside the ambulance?–They gave him oxygen to help him breathe.When he arrived at the hospital he was taken into the emergency room. After some test a doctor told him he had a kidney stone.It was a very small stone but it caused a lot of pain.It was passing through a small turbine his body from his kidney to his bladder.The pain would go away once it got to his bladder.Until then he had to get pain medicine to reduce the pain.-Where was he taken when he got to the hospital?–He was taken to the emergency room.-What did he take to control his pain?–Some pain medicine.Harry didn’t have to stay at the hospital for very long.With the pain medicine the pain went away very quickly.He took a taxi back to his hotel and checked in for another night.Then he called the airline and made reservation for another flight.The flight will leave tomorrow.Until then he’ll just rest in his hotel.There may even be a good movie to watch.-Where will he be until his next flight?–He’ll stay in his hotel.-What is he going to do until his next flight?–He is going to have some rest.So when you are travelling, please be prepared for emergencies.Make sure you have medicine insurance.You never know when something like this can happen to you.So be prepared.-What should you have before travelling?–Medicine insurance.It’s a good idea to have medicine insurance before travelling.VocabularySolar energy is one of the cleanest and most plentiful sources of energy. Solar power depends on sunlight, so in cloudy weather and at night, no power is generated.Wind energy is nonpolluting but is only useful in place where there is a lot of wind.Wind turbines convert the connect energy of the wind into mechanical power.Nuclear energy is efficient and doesn’t produ ce carbon gases as a waste product.The dangers of nuclear power include deadly radioactive waste products.A major source of energy comes from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil.When we burn fossil fuels, waste gases such as CO2 are produced. Fossil fuels remain the largest source of energy for most countries. Hydropower comes from the kinetic energy of falling water.Output is reliable and can be regulated to meet the demand, except during the periods of drought.One of the main problems we face is how to reduce the use of the fossil fuels to produce energy.We need to reduce the use of the fossil fuels to produce energy.Dams are expensive to build and affect wildlife such as fish.Here are some different types of words in English.Words that are nouns or pronouns are used to represent objects.A noun or a pronoun can be a person, an animal or a thing, including an idea.Verbs are used to express actions, such as to sit down, or stand up.We also use verbs to express relationships, such as to love someone or to own something.We used adjectives to describe objects, such as a tall building. Adjectives are used with nouns and pronouns, but not with verbs.We use adverbs to describe actions, such as to run fast or walk slowly. Adverbs express the quality of an action, such as how well or poorly something is done.We use conjunctions to connect things or actions, such as to read and write. Conjunctionsinclude words such as and, or, because, but, and yet.Nouns and pronouns can be used to represent any objectDialogueW: Hey, I’ve got some news, some good news and some bad news.M: OK, give me the bad news first.W: We are moving to a new office.M: When is this going to happen?W: We are supposed to move at the end of next month.M: How far away is the new office?W: We are not sure yet. But it will mean a longer commute for most of us. The new office will probably be on the other side of the city.M: The commute is already too long for me and I’m not going to change flats. We just bought one.-What did he just but? –He just bought a new flat.-How is the move going to affect the commute?–It’ll make the commute longer for most of the employees.M: Anyway, what’s the good news?W: The good news is that we are going to expand. The company is growing so we are going to hire more people.M: Well, I’ve got some news for you too.W: I hope it’s a good news.M: Well, that depends on your point of view. I’m planning to start my own business.W: Why? I thought you were happy working here.M: I like the w ork, but I’m not learning anything new. I think I can do better on my own.-Why is the company going to hire more people?–The company is growing.M: I was planning to wait a few months. But now that the office is moving, I’m ready to make the change.W: What is your wife think?M: She’s in fever of it and she will help me. She’s already designing a website. We’ll work from home at first.W: So you really are serious about this? You’re taking a big risk. Most new businessesfail. M: Yes, I know, but if I don’t do it now, I never will. I’m tired of working for others.W: I know what you mean.-What does his wife think his decision?–She’s in favor of it.-What is he serious about?–He is serious about starting his own business.M: Don’t tell anyone about this, OK? It’s still a secret.W: Sure, I won’t say anything to anybody. I’m sure this will come as a surprise to everyone.M: I’m sure changing offices will also come as a surprise to people. This is exactly why I want to work on my own. I don’t like thes e kinds of surprises.W: You are right about that. When are you going to let people know? M:I’ll make the announcement at the beginning of next month.-What is a secret?–His decision to leave the company.-When is he going to let people know about his decision to leave?–He’ll announce h is decision at the beginning of next monthLevel 3 unit 3 part4ListeningLeonardo Da Vinci is one of the greatest geniuses of all time.He was a painter, an architect, an engineer and a scientist.He was born in Vinci, Italy in 1452.Vinci is a town just outside the great Italian city, Florence.His name Da Vinci means of Vinci.Leonardo’s father was a lawyer and a landowner and his mother was a pesent. Leonardo’sparents were never married to each other.-How long were his parents married?–They were never married.-Where was he born?–In Vinci, Italy.Leonardo lived with his mother until he was around 5 years old.When he was 5, he moved into the home of his father.By then, his father had married a 16-year-old girl.Leonardo’s mother married another man and moved to another town. She had many more children after that, with several different men. In the end, Leonardo had more than 15 half-sisters and brothers.-With whom did he live when he was 5?–His mother.As a young man, Da Vinci didn’t go to school.He was educated at home in reading, writing and mathematics.In other subjects, he was mostly self-educated.He had access to books at his father’s home.Leonardo spent a lot of time outdoors and developed a strong interest in nature.He loved to observe things, especially birds.He was also interested in the properties of water.-What did he have access to at home?–Books at his father’s home.-In what did he develop a strong interest?–He developed a strong interest in nature.Leonardo’s early drawings and paintings demonstrated a rare talent.His father and his father’s friend recognized his talent and encouraged him.When he was 15, he was sent to Florence.In Florence, he became an apprentice to a famous master painter.For the next few years Leonardo worked at his master’s workshop.It wasn’t long before his ability surpassed that of his master.Some people say that his master became jealous about Leonardo’s greatest talent.They say that the master vowed to never paint again.In 1478, with his father’s help, Leonardo set up his own workshop.-Who became jealous with Leonardo’s talent?–His master in Florence.In 1482, he entered the service of a powerful man in the city of Milan. This man was the duke of Milan.For the next few years, Leonardo designed buildings, machinery and weapons of war.Weapons were important because Italy was constantly at war during this period.From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo produced designs for a variety of weapons. In his notes, he predicted the development of advanced weapons such as submarines and flying machines. In 1499, the French invaded Italy, and Leonardo left Milan.-Why did Leonardo live Milan?–The French invaded Italy.。
懂你英语Level-4上课讲义
懂你英语L e v e l-4L4 Unit 1-1Listening 旅游Christina is on a two-weeks vacation. This is the first vacation she has had for a long time. The last vacation she took was more than 2 years ago. Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco. Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city. He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley. While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.Christiana hasn’t seen her friend for a long time. The last time they saw each other was 3 years ago. At that time, they were both working at a department store. Then Christina quit her job and started her own business. She designs women’s clothing. She has 2 employe es now and her company is slowly growing.Christina has come to San Francisco b y herself. Her husband didn’t come because he has to work. He tried to start a company 2 years ago, but it didn’t work out. His company failed after only a few months. So now he’s working at another company and saving money. Once he saves enough money, he plans to start another company. He doesn’t want to give up.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco. The first time was whenshe was a high school student. That was more than 10 years ago. During that trip she was only in San Francisco for a few days. After that she went to Los Angles and New York. This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday. Her friend met her at the airport and drove her to her apartment. Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco. It’s a small apartment, but it’s on a hill and it has a great view. Yesterday, they went downtown and rode the cable cars. Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are. Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at the seafood restaurant. From the restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate bridge.Tomorrow they’re planning to drive to Yosemite National Park. By car it’s about 4 hours away. Christina has never been there before, so she is excited. She has heard that the park is very beautiful. Her friend has been to Yosemite several times. She says it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world. Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.L4 Unit 1-1 vocabulary 伤病和地貌地形Headache can be very painful and can last for a long time. If you have headache your head hurts.A headache can be caused by an injury to the head.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can’t walk. Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use to crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow. A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin cause by fire or heat. If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear. Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure or water in the ear.Mountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level. Hills are like mountain, but not as tall. Mountains are formed by the forces deep within the earth and are made of many types of rocksRivers are stream of water that usually begin at mountains and flow into the sea. Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world’s wa ter is in the ocean, which are the large bodies of salt water. The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, covering more area than all the continents put together.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall. The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees F.A valley is low, relatively flat area between hills and mountains, often with the river running through it. Some valleys are formed by flowing river and others are formed by glaciers.L4 Unit 1-1 dialogue 谈论吃饭和预约M: Have you eaten yet.F: Not, I haven’t and I’m hungry.M: Me too. Let’s go out for dinner.F: Where toM: What about joe’s Italian.F: How many times have you eaten there.M: I eat there a lot. It’s one of my favorite places.F: I went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible.M: Really, then let’s go some places e lse. What do you suggest?F: How about the royal Indian. It’s not far from here.M: I’ve never heard of it. Is it good?F: Yes, I have been there several times and I’ve never been disappointed.M: Ok, let’s try it. I’ve never eaten Indian food for a long time.F: You won’t be disappointed and the prices are reasonable.M: Ah, so you mean I’m going to pay.F: Well, that would certainly be nice.M: What about reservations.F: If you get there early enough, we won’t need them.M: I hope you’re right.F: Don’t worry, if we have to wait, I‘ll pay the bill.L4 Unit 1-2 Listening 旅游2Today, Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves. This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco. They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south. Because it was so early, there were almost not cars.After driving an hour and a half, they stopped to had breakfast. They ordered pancakes and coffee. They also had some fresh fruits. When they finished eating, it was 7 o’clock. Then they got back into the car and drove south. Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio. An hour later they stopped for gas. They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.It’s now 1:15 and they are in Yos emite Park. They have been there for two hours, since 11:15. They are looking at the Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park. The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of upper fall to the base of the lower fall.In another 15 minutes they plan to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park. It was built in 1927 and has a great view. They wanted to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservation. To get a room at that hotel you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o’clock. By then they will have been in the park for nearly 5 hours. Then they’ll get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco. They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way. If the tr affic isn’t too ba d, they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o’clock.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast. From some places, you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life. Christina has never seen a whale before, so she’s looking forward to it. And tomorrow night they have something special planned. They are going to watch a baseball game. Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US. And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.L4 Unit 1-2 vocabulary 力学、几何A force is a push or a pull on the object. A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The earth is a planet that goes around the sun in the circular orbit. The speed of its motion doesn’t change and the direction of its motion does. The earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.Atoms are the building blocks of matter. At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge.Asteroids(小行星) and comics are object that orbits（轨道） our sun, but are smaller than planets. Asteroid that pass close to the earth are called the near-earth objects. The layer of gases, just above the earth surface, is our atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen. Without an atmosphere, there would be not life on earth.The two lines on the left intersect（横断） each other at a right angle which is 90 degrees. The 2 lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of rectangle are perpendicular, which means they meet at a 90-degree angle. The opposite sides of the rectangle are equal a parallel, which means they never cross. The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is the 2 dimensional（尺寸的） figures with radius（半径） and circumference which is the distance around the circle. The area of the circle is π R square, where r is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle’s circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a 3 dimensional figure with the a ratio and volume, which is the three-fourth πR cube（立方体）. All points on the surface of the sphere are equidistant（等距离的） from its center.A rectriangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 3 sides, 2 of which are perpendicular. To find its area, multiply the length of the 2 perpendicular（垂直的） sides, A andB and divided by 2, A equates（相等） one half A B.The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion.L4 Unit 1-2 dialogueM：Have you finished eating yet.F：Not, I haven’t.Why are you in such a hurry.M：I’m sorry, but you are such a slow eater.F：A slow eater? Well I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallo w. I don’t see how you can even taste it.M：Ok, I’m sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wine.F：No, go ahead. I don’t want you to sit there putting pressure on me. I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.M：Yes, you are right. I’d like to relax, but I had a lot on my mind.F：What created?M：Yes. it is. I’ve been getting some strange emails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses. Maybe he wants to fire me.F：Is business bad?M：Yes, it is. But I don’t want to talk ab out it.F：Ok, but I’m a good listener. You can tell me if you’d like to.M：Thanks, maybe some other time. I’ll try to start thinking about it and deal with it tomorrow. F：Good idea. You need to take a break from work. Your health is important and so am I. M：Yes, you are. I don’t know what I would do without you.L4 Unit 1-3 listening 旅游3Harry is an American businessman. His job requires him to do a lot of travelling. He takes 9 or 10 trips a year. In the past six months he has made five trips. Three were to Asia and two were to Europe. The purpose of these trips is to attend meetings and make presentations.Harry loves to travel and he has traveled to many countries. Most of his trips are for one or two weeks. His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old. He really wanted to see Asia, so he and a friend flew to Tokyo, Japan.From Tokyo, they traveled around Japan for 2 weeks. The people they met very nice, but most of them didn’t speak English. Harry tried to speak a little Japanese, but it was difficult. He didn’t do very well. When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him. They didn’t understand what he was trying to say.From Japan they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China. In China they visited the Great Wall in Beijing. He stayed in Beijing for a few days and then they boarded a train for shanghai. It was an overnight train with sleeping cars.During the journey, they enjoyed looking out of the window at the countryside. The view from the train was wonderful. Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening. It was a beautiful sunset.The journey to shanghai took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience. On the train, he met a Chinese Professor who spoke English. He was middle-aged man whose hair was turning grey. He told them about how things were changing in China. It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking. His eyes were full of energy and excitement.They only stayed in shanghai for a couple of days. Then they returned to the US and went back to school. They had one more year to finish their studies.Harry’s next new trips were to different parts of the world. He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries. On one trip he travel through the UK and France. On the next trip he went Italy and Greece.After the Europe he traveled to Mexico and South America. In south America he went to Argentina and Brazil. He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.Then he decided to go back to Asia. But this time, he went to Southeast Asia. He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. Each country had a charm of its own.After this travel, harry decided to make travel part of his career. He didn’t want to work only in the US. He didn’t want work only with Americans. He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures. His dream was to work for an international company.Five years ago his dream came true. Now he’s working for a German hi-tech company. As part of his job, he has to travel a lot. As a result, he has been to many cities and counties. And he has met many interesting people.L4 Unit 1-3 vocabulary 牙齿、人体器官cavity n.腔，洞;蛀牙，龋洞A dental cavity is a hole in the tooth. A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth. Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.cracked adj.有裂缝的;声音沙哑的;精神失常的v.破裂;崩溃(crack的过去分词);发沙哑声A cracked tooth can be caused by biting down on some hard. Dentists the treat cracked tooth by covering it with a crown(牙冠).A dental X-ray is a picture of your teeth and gums. An X-ray shows what can’t be seen on the surface of teeth and gums.Braces are used by dentists to straighten teeth over a period of years. Those braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To extract a tooth means to remove it from the mouth. Dentists have to pull hard to extract a tooth.The heart pumps blood to all parts of bodies through a system of arteries and vein. It’s located in the chest, between the lungs and it beats about once per second.Artery n.[解剖]动脉;干线，要道toxin n.毒素;毒质The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood. They are been shaped organ and about 10 cm long, and 6 cm wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air with CO2 from the blood. They expand when inhaling air and contract when exhaling air.Inhale vt.& vi.吸气;吸入;〈非〉狼吞虎咽Exhale vt.发散出;放出，放射;使蒸发;[医]渗出vi.呼气;发散;放出The stomach is below the heart and is part of the digestive system. It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine.Small intestine n.小肠The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys. In an audit, the bladder can hold about half a liter of urine.urine n.尿;小便;下泉 a liter of 公升L4 Unit 1-3 dialogue 谈论贿赂P: Good evening, sir. You were driving too fast.M: Really. Was i.P: Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.M: I’m sorry, officer.P: Ok, I need to see your driver’s license.M: Here’s my driver’s license.P: Your license is expired. Are you aware of that?M: No, sir. That’s a surprise. I didn’t know.P: It expired more than a year ago.P: Is this your car.M: No, sir, it’s a friend’s.I’m borrowing it for the night.P: Get out of the car and put your hands behind your back.M: Why officer? what have I done?P: Just do as I say.M: Ok officer, I’m cooperating. Please don’t push me.P: Get your hands behind your back.M: Ok, ok!P: I’m not asking you. I’m ordering you.M: Please officer. I haven’t done anything wrong.P: Stay still and don’t say anything. This is a stol en car, are you aware of that.M: Are you going to arrest me.P: What do you think? That’s what we do with car thieves.M: If you let me go. I will give you a couple of thousand dollars. I haven’t hurt anybody. P: So now you’re trying to bribe me. How stu pid can you be.M: I just don’t want to go back to jail. Give me a break.P: Sure, you are a nice guy. I’d like to give you a break. But that’s nothing I can do. M: Please officer.P: Ok, where is the money. Let me see it and I will think about it.L4 Unit 1-4 listening 家政服务Quick service is a successful home repair company. It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes. It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly. In the last 2 years, it has opened offices in 3 new cities.Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees. In the last 6 months, it has hired 50 new employees. The total number of the employees in the company is now over 500. And the number of the customers has increased to more than 5000.The company has also improved its business model. Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers upgrade their appliances. Quick Service does this by one. If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price. So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation. This is possible because several appliance manufactures have agreed to give QuickService big discounts. QuickService then installs the new appliance and remove the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.A high percentage of customers have taken advantages of this new service. As a result, QuickService has developed a great reputation. Its dedication to the high quality service has proven to be successful. Its word-of-mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective. The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results. Their growing relationship with QuickService has helped increase their sales.The world’s population is growing. There are now over 7 billion people in the world. During the 20th century, the population grew from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. It’s now going at a rate of around 1.1% per year. That means an increase is about 80 million per year. By 2024 the population is expected to be around 8 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher. In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%. Since then the growth rate has declined. It is estimated that the growth rate will be even less than 1% by 2020. By the year 2050 the growth rate should be even less.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow. But it will grow at a slower rate. In the past 50 years, the world’s populatio n has more than doubled. It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011.The rate of growth varies by country. The growth rate in India is more than twice that of china. And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is Africa, is more than twice than India’s growthrate. Russia, one the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years. When the country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.L4 Unit 1-4 vocabulary 名人和性格Co-founder of Apple, this entrepreneur was a major figure in the computer industry. He was self-center and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products. He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack Ma is one of the richest and most famous men in china. He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exam twice. Despite of many failures, he has built one of the world’s largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of world’s richest and famous athletes. He stared playing professional football when he was just 17. Much of his successful at an athlete, is because he practice hard than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writing some women education. In 2012, she was shot in the head and nearly killed. She survived the injury and became the world’s most famous teenager.Born in 1942, Stephen Hocking is one of the world’s most famous scientists. When he was 23, he was diagnosed with AIS, a rare disease of the nerves. Because of his disease, he is unable to walk and talk.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people. They generally dislike going to social events such as party. It’s often difficult to make friend with shy person because they won’t open up.Outgoing people are enjoying being with other people and are comfortable in social situations. They are friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometime they can be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention. They like people to look at them and pay attention to them. Self-centered people often talk too much and don’t listen enough.Selfish and greedy people don’t share things with others. They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trust-worthy, are important in almost any situation. They can be depended on to get things done. These people can be trusted.Some people really dislike being around self-centered people.L4 Unit 1-4 dialogue 女朋友M1：Hey, steven, you know I’m your friend, right.M2：Sure, I know that. What are you trying to say.M1：I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re making a fool of yourselves.M2：How am i make a fool of myselfM1：You girlfriend are taking advantage of you.M2：Taking advantaging of me?M1：Yes, I think so. She just using you.M2：So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s ok. I’m using her too.M1：What do you mean. Aren’t you in love with her?M2：Yes, I’m in love with her. But that doesn’t mean that I’m not using her too.M1：I don’t understand. What do you mean.M2：Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love. I can’t imagine life without her. Even if she hurts me sometimes, I love her.M1：Do you trust her.M2：Yes, I trust. She tells me what’s important to her. She’s honest with me. She is never lied to me about anything important.M1：Are you honest with her?M2：Yes, we are honest with each other, even when it hurts. And because we’re honest with each other, we trust each other.M1：Ok, so you don’t think you’re being taken advantage of.M2：No, I don’t, as long as she is honest with me. The day she isn’t honest with me, will be the end of our relationship. And when that happens, my heart will break. But until then, I’m her man.M1：Ok, I think I understand. I didn’t think you knew what was goin g on.M2：I’m as stupid as my look, my friend. Being in love with her, makes my life exiting.M1：Well, I hope you’re right.L4 Unit 2-1 Listening 物种、环境The earth was formed about 4.6 million years ago. The first life appeared about a billion years later. The first plants didn’t appear until around 2 billion years ago. Until around 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic(微观). Since that time, live has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth. In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of themass extinction events are unsolved mysteries. These events are not predictable and can happen at any time. Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions. Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago. Thatevent may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth. As a result,the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events. A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years. When the asteroid hit the earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere. This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth formany months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died. With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed. This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life. In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution. For example, some mammals lived through the age of dinosaurs, but they couldn’t compete. When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully. Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state. Without the extinction events, perhaps we wouldn’t be here today.Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in thelast 540 million years. They also believe that we have entered a new extinctionevent. Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before. Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities. Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer. As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing. In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening. Specials of live are disappearing at an increasing rate. Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing. Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future. If we don’t act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.L4 Unit 2-1 vocabulary 身体系统、产业、技术The body circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood to all parts of body through a network of arteries（动脉） and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body. It supplies the energy that the body need s for growth and repair. After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves. This is your bodies control system. It controls your muscles and organs included your circulatory and digestive system.The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases. Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works. If an infection invades the body and the immune system attacks it.The control use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates. Fire provided the light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people can grow food and settle into communities. By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things, such as art.With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.The domestication of animals allows people to raise and use animals for food and work. By raise herds of animals, such as sheep, people have regular supply of meat and clothing. The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in a more fashion manufacturing and construction. With better tools and machines, works can be done with fewer people and much lower cost.The development of science and engineering has improved many things including communications. With understanding of electricity, telephone and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.。
懂你英语Level-4
L4 Unit 1-1Listening 旅游Christina is on a two-weeks vacation. This is the first vacation she has had for a long time. The last vacation she took was more than 2 years ago. Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco. Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city. He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley. While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.Christiana hasn’t seen her friend for a long time. The last time they saw each other was 3 years ago. At that time, they were both working at a department store. Then Christina quit her job and started her own business. She designs women’s clothing. She has 2 employe es now and her company is slowly growing.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself. Her husb and didn’t come because he has to work. He tried to start a company 2 years ago, but it didn’t work out. His company failed after only a few months. So now he’s working at another company and saving money. Once he saves enough money, he plans to start anot her company. He doesn’t want to give up.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco. The first time was when she was a high school student. That was more than 10 years ago. During that trip she was only in San Francisco for a few days. After that she went to Los Angles and New York. This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday. Her friend met her at the airport and drove her to her apartment. Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco. It’s a small apartment, but it’s on a hill and it has a great view. Yesterday, they went downtown and rode the cable cars. Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are. Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at the seafood restaurant. From the restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate bridge.Tomorrow they’re planning to drive to Yosemite National Park. By car it’s about 4 hours away. Christina has never been there before, so she is excited. She has heard that the park is very beautiful. Her friend has been to Yosemite several times. She says it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world. Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.L4 Unit 1-1 vocabulary 伤病和地貌地形Headache can be very painful and can last for a long time. If you have headache your head hurts.A headache can be caused by an injury to the head.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can’t walk. Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use to crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow. A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin cause by fire or heat. If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear. Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure or water in the ear.Mountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level. Hills are like mountain, but not as tall. Mountains are formed by the forces deep within the earth and are made of many types of rocksRivers are stream of water that usually begin at mountains and flow into the sea. Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world’s water is in the ocean, which are the large bodies of salt water. The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, covering more area than all the continents put together.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall. The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees F.A valley is low, relatively flat area between hills and mountains, often with the river running through it. Some valleys are formed by flowing river and others are formed by glaciers.L4 Unit 1-1 dialogue 谈论吃饭和预约M: Have you eaten yet.F: Not, I haven’t and I’m hungry.M: Me too. Let’s go out for dinner.F: Where toM: What about joe’s Italian.F: How many times have you eaten there.M: I eat there a lot. It’s one of my favorite places.F: I went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible.M: Really, then let’s go some places else. What do you suggest?F: How abo ut the royal Indian. It’s not far from here.M: I’ve never heard of it. Is it good?F: Yes, I have been there several times and I’ve never been disappointed.M: Ok, let’s try it. I’ve never eaten Indian food for a long time.F: You won’t be disappointed an d the prices are reasonable.M: Ah, so you mean I’m going to pay.F: Well, that would certainly be nice.M: What about reservations.F: If you get there early enough, we won’t need them.M: I hope you’re right.F: Don’t worry, if we have to wait, I‘ll pay the bill.L4 Unit 1-2 Listening 旅游2Today, Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves. This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco. They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south. Because it was so early, there were almost not cars.After driving an hour and a half, they stopped to had breakfast. They ordered pancakes and coffee. They also had some fresh fruits. When they finished eating, it was 7 o’clock. Then they got back into the car and drove south. Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio. An hour later they stopped for gas. They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.It’s now 1:15 and they are in Yosemite Park. They have been there for two hours, since 11:15. They are looking at the Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park. The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of upper fall to the base of the lower fall.In another 15 minutes they plan to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park. It was built in 1927 and has a great view. They wanted to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservation. To get a room at that hotel you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o’clock. By then they will have been in the parkfor nearly 5 hours. Then they’ll get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco. They plan t o eat dinner somewhere along the way. If the traffic isn’t too ba d, they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o’clock.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast. From some places, you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life. Christina has never seen a whale before, so she’s looking forward to it. And tomorrow night they have something special planned. They are going to watch a baseball game. Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US. And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.L4 Unit 1-2 vocabulary 力学、几何A force is a push or a pull on the object. A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The earth is a planet that goes around the sun in the circular orbit. The speed of its motion doesn’t change and the direction of its motion does. The earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.Atoms are the building blocks of matter. At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge. Asteroids(小行星) and comics are object that orbits（轨道）our sun, but are smaller than planets. Asteroid that pass close to the earth are called the near-earth objects. The layer of gases, just above the earth surface, is our atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen. Without an atmosphere, there would be not life on earth. The two lines on the left intersect（横断）each other at a right angle which is 90 degrees. The 2 lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of rectangle are perpendicular, which means they meet at a 90-degree angle. The opposite sides of the rectangle are equal a parallel, which means they never cross. The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is the 2 dimensional（尺寸的）figures with radius（半径）and circumference which is the distance around the circle. The area of the circle is π R square, where r is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle’s circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a 3 dimensional figure with the a ratio and volume, which is the three-fourth πR cube（立方体）. All points on the surface of the sphere are equidistant（等距离的）from its center.A rectriangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 3 sides, 2 of which are perpendicular. To find its area, multiply the length of the 2 perpendicular（垂直的）sides, A andB and divided by 2, A equates（相等）one half A B.The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion.L4 Unit 1-2 dialogueM：Have you finished eating yet.F：Not, I haven’t.Why are you in such a hurry.M：I’m sor ry, but you are such a slow eater.F：A s low eater? Well I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow. I don’t see how you can even taste it.M：Ok, I’m sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wine.F：No, go ahead. I don’t want you to sit there p utting pressure on me. I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.M：Yes, you are right. I’d like to relax, but I had a lot on my mind.F：What created?M：Yes. it is. I’ve been getting some strange emails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses. Maybe he wants to fire me.F：Is business bad?M：Yes, it is. But I don’t want to talk about it.F：Ok, but I’m a good listener. You can tell me if you’d like to.M：Thanks, maybe some other time. I’ll try to start thinking about it and deal wit h it tomorrow. F：Good idea. You need to take a break from work. Your health is important and so am I.M：Yes, you are. I don’t know what I would do without you.L4 Unit 1-3 listening 旅游3Harry is an American businessman. His job requires him to do a lot of travelling. He takes 9 or 10 trips a year. In the past six months he has made five trips. Three were to Asia and two were to Europe. The purpose of these trips is to attend meetings and make presentations.Harry loves to travel and he has traveled to many countries. Most of his trips are for one or two weeks. His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old. He really wanted to see Asia, so he and a friend flew to Tokyo, Japan.From Tokyo, they traveled around Japan for 2 weeks. The people they met very nice, but most of them didn’t speak English. Harry tried to speak a little Japanese, but it was difficult. He didn’t do very well. When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him. They didn’t understand what he was trying to say.From Japan they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China. In China they visited the Great Wall in Beijing. He stayed in Beijing for a few days and then they boarded a train for shanghai. It was an overnight train with sleeping cars.During the journey, they enjoyed looking out of the window at the countryside. The view from the train was wonderful. Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening. It was a beautiful sunset.The journey to shanghai took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience. On the train, he met a Chinese Professor who spoke English. He was middle-aged man whose hair was turning grey. He told them about how things were changing in China. It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking. His eyes were full of energy and excitement.They only stayed in shanghai for a couple of days. Then they returned to the US and went back to school. They had one more year to finish their studies.Harry’s next new trips were to different parts of the world. He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries. On one trip he travel through the UK and France. On the next trip he went Italy and Greece.After the Europe he traveled to Mexico and South America. In south America he went to Argentina and Brazil. He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.Then he decided to go back to Asia. But this time, he went to Southeast Asia. He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. Each country had a charm of its own.After this travel, harry decided to make travel part of his career. He didn’t want to work only in the US. He didn’t want work only with Americans. He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures. His dream was to work for an international company.Five years ago his dream came true. Now he’s working for a German hi-tech company. As part of his job, he has to travel a lot. As a result, he has been to many cities and counties. And he has met many interesting people.L4 Unit 1-3 vocabulary 牙齿、人体器官cavity n.腔，洞;蛀牙，龋洞A dental cavity is a hole in the tooth. A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth. Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.cracked adj.有裂缝的;声音沙哑的;精神失常的v.破裂;崩溃(crack的过去分词);发沙哑声A cracked tooth can be caused by biting down on some hard. Dentists the treat cracked tooth by covering it with a crown(牙冠).A dental X-ray is a picture of your teeth and gums. An X-ray shows what can’t be seen on the surface of teeth and gums.Braces are used by dentists to straighten teeth over a period of years. Those braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To extract a tooth means to remove it from the mouth. Dentists have to pull hard to extract a tooth.The heart pumps blood to all parts of bodies through a syst em of arteries and vein. It’s located in the chest, between the lungs and it beats about once per second.Artery n.[解剖]动脉;干线，要道toxin n.毒素;毒质The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood. They are been shaped organ and about 10 cm long, and 6 cm wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air with CO2 from the blood. They expand when inhaling air and contract when exhaling air.Inhale vt.& vi.吸气;吸入;〈非〉狼吞虎咽Exhale vt.发散出;放出，放射;使蒸发;[医]渗出vi.呼气;发散;放出The stomach is below the heart and is part of the digestive system. It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine.Small intestine n.小肠The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys. In an audit, the bladder can hold about half a liter of urine.urine n.尿;小便;下泉 a liter of 公升L4 Unit 1-3 dialogue 谈论贿赂P: Good evening, sir. You were driving too fast.M: Really. Was i.P: Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.M: I’m sorry, officer.P: Ok, I need to see your driver’s license.M: Here’s my driver’s license.P: Your license is expired. Are you aware of that?M: No, sir. That’s a surprise. I didn’t know.P: It expired more than a year ago.P: Is this your car.M: No, sir, it’s a friend’s.I’m borrowing it for the night.P: Get out of the car and put your hands behind your back.M: Why officer? what have I done?P: Just do as I say.M: Ok officer, I’m cooperating. Please don’t push me.P: Get your hands behind your back.M: Ok, ok!P: I’m not asking you. I’m ordering you.M: Please officer. I haven’t done anything wrong.P: Stay still and don’t say anything. This is a stolen car, are you aware of that.M: Are you going to arrest me.P: What do you think? That’s what we do with car thieves.M: If you let me go. I will give you a couple of th ousand dollars. I haven’t hurt anybody.P: So now you’re trying to bribe me. How stupid can you be.M: I just don’t want to go back to jail. Give me a break.P: Sure, you are a nice guy. I’d like to give you a break. But that’s nothing I can do.M: Please officer.P: Ok, where is the money. Let me see it and I will think about it.L4 Unit 1-4 listening 家政服务Quick service is a successful home repair company. It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes. It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly. In the last 2 years, it has opened offices in 3 new cities.Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees. In the last 6 months, it has hired 50 new employees. The total number of the employees in the company is now over 500. And the number of the customers has increased to more than 5000.The company has also improved its business model. Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers upgrade their appliances. Quick Service does this by one. If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price. So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation. This is possible because several appliance manufactures have agreed to give QuickService big discounts. QuickService then installs the new appliance and remove the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.A high percentage of customers have taken advantages of this new service. As a result, QuickService has developed a great reputation. Its dedication to the high quality service has proven to be successful. Its word-of-mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective. The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results. Their growing relationshipwith QuickService has helped increase their sales.The world’s population is growing. There are now over 7 billion people in the world. During the 20th century, the population grew from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. It’s now going at a rate of around 1.1% per year. That means an increase is about 80 million per year. By 2024 the population is expected to be around 8 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher. In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%. Since then the growth rate has declined. It is estimated that the growth rate will be even less than 1% by 2020. By the year 2050 the growth rate should be even less.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow. But it will grow at a slower rate. In the past 50 years, the world’s population has more than doubled. It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011.The rate of growth varies by country. The growth rate in India is more than twice that of china. And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is Africa, is more than twice than India’s growth rate. Russia, one the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years. When the country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.L4 Unit 1-4 vocabulary 名人和性格Co-founder of Apple, this entrepreneur was a major figure in the computer industry. He was self-center and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products. He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack Ma is one of the richest and most famous men in china. He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exam twice. Despite of many failures, he has built one of the world’s largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of worl d’s richest and famous athletes. He stared playing professional football when he was just 17. Much of his successful at an athlete, is because he practice hard than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writing some women education. In 2012, she was shot in the head and nearly killed. She survived the injury and became the world’s most famous teenager.Born in 1942, Stephen Hocking is one of the world’s most famous scientists. When he was 23, he was diagnosed with AIS, a rare disease of the nerves. Because of his disease, he is unable to walk and talk.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people. They generally dislike going to social events such as party. It’s often difficult to make friend wi th shy person because they won’t open up.Outgoing people are enjoying being with other people and are comfortable in social situations. They are friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometime they can be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention. They like people to look at them and pay attention to them. Self-centered people often talk too much and don’t listen enough.Selfish and greedy people don’t share things with others. They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trust-worthy, are important in almost any situation. They can be depended on to get things done. These people can be trusted.Some people really dislike being around self-centered people.L4 Unit 1-4 dialogue 女朋友M1：Hey, steven, you know I’m your friend, right.M2：Sure, I know that. What are you trying to say.M1：I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re making a fool of yourselves.M2：How am i make a fool of myselfM1：You girlfriend are taking advantage of you.M2：Taking advantaging of me?M1：Yes, I think so. She just using you.M2：So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s ok. I’m using her too.M1：What do you mean. Aren’t you in love with her?M2：Yes, I’m in love with her. But that doesn’t mean that I’m not using her too.M1：I don’t understand. What do you mean.M2：Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love. I can’t imagine life without her. Even if she hurts me sometimes, I love her.M1：Do you trust her.M2：Yes, I trust. She tells me wha t’s important to her. She’s honest with me. She is never lied to me about anything important.M1：Are you honest with her?M2：Yes, we are honest with each other, even when it hurts. And because we’re honest with each other, we trust each other.M1：Ok, so you don’t think you’re being taken advantage of.M2：No, I don’t, as long as she is honest with me. The day she isn’t honest with me, will be the end of our relationship. And when that happens, my heart will break. But until then, I’m her man.M1：Ok, I th ink I understand. I didn’t think you knew what was going on.M2：I’m as stupid as my look, my friend. Being in love with her, makes my life exiting.M1：Well, I hope you’re right.L4 Unit 2-1 Listening 物种、环境The earth was formed about 4.6 million years ago. The first life appeared about a billion years later. The first plants didn’t appear until around 2 billion years ago. Until around 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic(微观). Since that time, live has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth. In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of the mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries. These events are not predictable and can happen at any time. Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions. Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago. That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth. As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events. A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years. When the asteroid hit the earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere. This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died. With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed. This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life. In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution. For example, some mammals lived through the age of dinosaurs, but they couldn’t com pete. When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully. Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state. Without the extinction events, perhaps we wouldn’t be here today.Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years. They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event. Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before. Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities. Human activities, for example, have led toglobal warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer. As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing. In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening. Specials of live are disappearing at an increasing rate. Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing. Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future. If we don’t act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.L4 Unit 2-1 vocabulary 身体系统、产业、技术The body circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood to all parts of body through a network of arteries（动脉）and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body. It supplies the energy that the body need s for growth and repair. After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves. This is your bodies control system. It controls your muscles and organs included your circulatory and digestive system.The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases. Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works. If an infection invades the body and the immune system attacks it.The control use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates. Fire provided the light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people can grow food and settle into communities. By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things, such as art.With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.The domestication of animals allows people to raise and use animals for food and work. By raise herds of animals, such as sheep, people have regular supply of meat and clothing. The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in a more fashion manufacturing and construction. With better tools and machines, works can be done with fewer people and much lower cost.The development of science and engineering has improved many things including communications. With understanding of electricity, telephone and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.L4 Unit 2-1 dialogue 谈论手机和老板M：I took a vacation last night.F：What are you talking about? Where did you take your vacation?M：I didn’t go anywhere. I just left with my smartphone.。