阅读理解七选五满分秘籍(正稿)

阅读理解七选五满分秘籍

高考英语阅读理解第二部分是信息匹配的7选5题型（一篇文章，满分10分），主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。因此考生必须培养全局观和逻辑推理能力才能得满分。要做到这一点，考生首先要了解题型特点、熟悉解题方法和解题技巧。

阅读理解七选五题型特点

高考英语阅读理解七选五题型的文章选材通常是中等长度、难度略低于阅读理解第一部分、主旨明确、结构清晰的文章。要求考生从整体上把握文章的主旨和篇章结构以及内容上的联系，理解段落之间、句子之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析和理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。

七选五题型的设空特点：

1. 首句不设空，即全文的第一句话通常不设空（考文章标题的除外）；

2. 不连续设空，即不在上一空后面接着又设空；

3. 每一空前后都有已知线索。

七选五题型的选项设计：

1. 主旨概括句（文章、段落整体内容）

2. 过渡性句子（文章、段落篇章结构和前后关系）

3. 注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义，包括解释和例句）

多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。

由此可见，只要考生明白该题型特点，也就更容易通过正确的解题方法和技巧进行适当的训练，自然可以在该题型上得满分。

阅读理解七选五解题方法和技巧

1、通读全文

对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章主旨和篇章结构。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意，首段与末段的提示作用。

2、详读段落

在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。注意

每个空格的位置，确定大概是什么题型。然后，阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。

3、定位选项

理解各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词，结合文章的主旨和篇章结构，尤其是空格前后句的结构和意义，根据上下文的逻辑关系，将已经确定的选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意前后句与各选项中出现的表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间基本的衔接词。常见的有：承接关系（如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等）

平列关系（如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude 等）。

转折关系（如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever, on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等）。

层递关系（如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also 等）。

因果关系（because, for, since, as, thus, therefore, so, so…that, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course等）。

结论概括关系（therefore, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in all, finally等）。

例证关系（for example, such as, for instance, namely, like等）。

4、通读复检

将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。注意检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，篇章结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性，写作思路是否清晰，格式以及用语是否恰当，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，特别注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，必须仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。

附：

2019年高考英语全国一卷

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?

We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.

37 If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles (肌肉) and your brain.

Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing (治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood (情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.

40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B. So what are you waiting for?

C. Being in nature refreshes us.

D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?

F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.

G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

【答案】36~40. EAGCD

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气对人体的各种好处。新鲜空气中的氧气、阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。（人与自然）

36. 【解析】根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。故选E。

37. 【解析】根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的、充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，故选A。

38. 【解析】根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词。在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。那么，these places就是指Healing Gardens。故选G。

39. 【解析】前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，即身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。故选C。

40. 【解析】根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍

的阳光的好处。该选项应该提到阳光。获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。故选D。

2019年高考英语全国二卷

第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.

37 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.

You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 38 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.

Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.

Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.

You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.

A. This can affect your work.

B. So how should you motivate yourself?

C. However, this should not discourage you.

D. So why should we try to set specific goals?

E. They can change according to circumstances.

F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.

G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动机和目标的关系以及如何激发动机并设定切实可行的目标。（人与自我主题）

【解析】

36．本文的主题是动机和目标，根据上文提到“motivation”和下文“Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. (就像跳板上的孩子一样，你会犹豫不决。)”可知文章的主题句，没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能达到目标。故选G。

37．根据第二段的内容尤其是下文“More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？（更重要的是，你应该如何保持动力来实现这个目标呢？）”可知，这一段的主旨句应该是“So how should you motivate yourself? （你应该如何激励自己呢？）”。故选B。38．根据前文“This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. (这是非常重要的，因为它与你的承诺直接相关。有时你的心不在你的工作中。)”可知下一句应该是结论句，这会影响你的工作。故选A。39．根据上文“Remember that goals are flexible.（记住目标是灵活的。）”和下文“They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. （它们也需要可测定。在设定你的目标时，你必须记住这些要点。）”可知，它们可以根据情况而改变。故选E。

40．根据下文“You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.（你应该重新评估你的目标，并激励自己设定一个新的目标。）”可知，上下之间构成转折关系，然而，这不应使你气馁。故选C。