海地霍乱将持续几年时间

As Cholera Spreads in Haiti, Authorities Expect Disease to Remain for Years

International aid groups are trying to stop the the spread of cholera in Haiti's capital Port-au-Prince, where many earthquake survivors live in makeshift camps and filthy slums.

Cholera strikes so fast it is sometimes called the lightening disease. Without rehydration therapy, or antibiotics for severe cases, cholera can kill in a matter of hours. The disease causes acute diarrhea that can lead to severe dehydration.

Most of the more than one million Haitians displaced by a powerful earthquake last January live in tent cities around the capital, and waterborne cholera bacteria spread easily in unsanitary conditions where supplies are shared for cooking and washing. But unsanitary conditions in Haiti are not limited to these camps.

"Before this, Port-au-Prince for the most part, was a large urban slum with very poor water and sanitation conditions," noted Dr. Jon Andrus of the Pan American Health Organization, an arm of the World Health Organization. "This is ripe for the rapid spread of cholera. We expect transmission to be extensive."

Haiti's minister of health is calling the epidemic a national emergency. Nearly 10,000 people have been hospitalized since the outbreak began late last month.

Dr. Andrus says based on projections from an outbreak in Peru, some 270,000 people in Haiti may contract cholera. As the disease spreads in this initial outbreak, health care will be a challenge.

"I think the capacity to deal with the patients has been stretched but sufficient," he said. "We expect that patients will be treated in tents outside the walls [of hospitals]. That's something we are prepared to do."

Because cholera is spread through fecal contamination, poor hygiene and lack of sanitation, Dr. Andrus says the Pan American Health Organization has started a campaign to teach people about good hygiene.

"We've deployed communication experts that are working on community messages in the local Creole language to ensure that families receive such messages and understand them and it gets translated into behavior," Dr. Andrus explained. After the initial outbreak is under control, health officials will have to do some long-term planning.

"The bacteria has a foothold in the river system and in other sources of water and it will remain," he noted, "and it will be a challenge to control future spread."

One of the ways to keep cholera from spreading is to upgrade the sanitation syste国际救助组织正努力阻止霍乱疫情在海地首都太子港的传播。在这里，许多地震幸存者仍然居住在临时营地和肮脏的贫民窟中。

霍乱的传播非常快，以至于有时被叫做闪电疾病。一些严重的病例如果不进行再水化治疗或注射抗生素，几小时之内可能就会死亡。霍乱会造成病人严重腹泻，造成严重脱水。

因一月份的地震而流离失所的100多万海地人中的大部分居住在首都周围帐篷中，在炊具和洗刷间共用的卫生条件很差的地方，通过水传播的霍乱细菌非常容易传播。但是在海地，卫生条件差的不只是这些营地中。

世界卫生组织的一个分支，泛美卫生组织(PAHO)的Jon Andrus医生表示，“在此之前，太子港的大部分地区都是大量的城市贫民窟，水和卫生条件都非常差。这非常有利于霍乱的传播。我们认为霍乱细菌会在大范围内传播。”

海地卫生部长称这次疫情是全国性紧急事件。自上月末霍乱疫情爆发以来，已有接近10,000人在医院接受治疗。

Andrus医生表示，根据秘鲁疫情爆发的情况进行推测，海地大约有270,000人感染霍乱。就像疫情最初爆发的时候一样，医疗保健将是一个巨大的挑战。

“我认为为病人提供治疗的能力面临巨大压力，但是目前来说还是足够的。我们认为，病人可以在医院以外，在帐篷内接受治疗。这是我们正准备采取的措施。”

由于霍乱通过排泄物污染，糟糕的卫生条件和缺乏环境设施的条件下传播，Andrus医生说，泛美卫生组织已经发起了教给人们注意卫生的运动。

“我们已经派遣了一些沟通专家，他们使用当地的克里奥尔语向人们传达信息，确保每个家庭都能收到信息，能够理解他们，然后转化为行动。”

最初的疫情爆发得到控制之后，卫生官员们将制定长期计划。 “这种细菌藏在河流系统和其他水源中，而且将持续存在，控制这种疾病未来的传播也将是一个巨大的挑战。”

防止霍乱传播的其中一个方法就是对海地的卫生设备进行升级。 m in Haiti. 1.makeshift n.权宜之计, 临时代用的物品 例句：The accommodation for the press was makeshift at best. 迁就新闻界充其量只是个权宜之计。 2.filthy adj.肮脏的;污秽的 例句：The beggar’s clothes are filthy. 这个乞丐的衣服肮脏。 3.dehydration n.脱水 例句：an advanced state of dehydration 脱水的晚期症状 He died from severe dehydration. 他死于严重脱水。 4.unsanitary adj.不卫生的;有碍健康的 例句：I would call it one of the most unsanitary areas in the world. 我愿称它为世界最不卫生的地区之一。 5.ripe adj.成熟的 例句：These apples are ripe. 这些苹果熟了。 (准备、计划、时机)成熟的 例句：Revolution can only occur at a time when both internal and external conditions of a country are ripe enough.

一个国家的革命只有在内部与外部条件成熟时才能发生。 6.ensure vt.确保, 担保 例句：I will ensure that the car arrives by six o'clock. 我保证汽车六点钟以前到。 7.foothold n.立足处(攀登时脚踩的地方) 例句：Climbers can strap sharp nails on to help get a foothold on a slippery slope.

登山运动员可以在靴子上捆上尖钉,这样有助于在很滑的陡坡上站住脚 1.Without rehydration therapy, or antibiotics for severe cases, cholera can kill in a matter of hours.

Without条件 能用来表示条件的介词主要有with，without，but for等。注意：如果with， without短语所陈述的情况完全有可能成为事实，动词用陈述语气；如果所陈述的情况与事实相反，则用虚拟语气。含but for的句子一般用虚拟语气。但介词短语本身常常并不表示条件，而是隐含了条件。

例如： Without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement．没有革命理论，就不可能有革命运动。（陈述语气）