八年级下英语常见词汇辨析

八年级下英语常见词汇辨析
八年级下英语常见词汇辨析

in, after,与later

in和after都可表示“在……之后”,但用法有所不同。

1)in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间之后”,也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”,句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态。

He will be back in two days. 他两天以后回来。

2)after常常指以过去时间为起点的“在一段时间之后”,所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时,它可以与将来时态连用。

He started on Sunday and arrived in Beijing after three days. 他星期天动身,三天之后到达北京。

I’ll be free after Friday. 我星期五之后有空。

He’ll back after three o’clock. 他三点以后回来。

3)later是副词,表示“一段时间之后”,构成“一段时间+later”短语,用于过去时。

Nine months later they were discovered. 九个月之后,他们被发现了。

home,house与family

1)home表示“家”,指家人共同住的地方,强调家庭气氛和环境,房屋是其中的一部分,也可指较长期的居住地,有时也指出生或长大的地方,因而也有“家乡,故乡”的含义。

He leaves home at 6:30 every morning. 他每天早晨6:30离开家。

2)house指家人居住的房屋,强调建筑物。

She has a very big house. 她有一个大房子。

3)family指家庭、一家人或家庭成员,仅指人,与居住的房子无关。

My family are all tall. 我们全家人的个子都很高。

alone与lonely

1)alone既可以做形容词,也可作副词,表示“单独,独自一人”,主要强调客观情况。

2)lonely一般只做形容词,意为“孤独的、寂寞的”。它既可以用作表语,也可以用作定语,主要指心灵上的孤独,具有伤感色彩。

The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely. 那位老人独自生活,但他并不感到寂寞。

during, in与for

1)during指“在……时间内,在……期间”,一般有明确的时间长度和起止时间。谓语动词常为持续性的动作或状态,时间段前常有限定词(the、物主代词等),表特指。

He asked many questions during the three meetings.

2)in“在……时间内”,一般情况下可以和during互换,用in时往往强调某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点;during往往指“整个时间段期间”。

Mike put his hand up three times during/in the class. 在这节课内,迈克举了三次手。

3)for“(时间)长达……”,强调时间由始到终,动作也贯穿这段时间的始终,可以和完成时或过去时连用。

He stayed in Beijing for two years. 他在北京住了两年。

wear,dress与put on

1)wear意为“穿着”,指穿的状态。

Kate wears a red dress today. 凯特今天穿着一件红裙子。

2)dress一方面作名词,指“衣服(一般指女装)、连衣裙”。一方面作动词,意为“穿衣服”。dress之后通常跟人,而不跟“衣服、鞋子、帽子等”。

The boy is too young to dress himself. 这个男孩太小,不会自已穿衣服。

3)put on意为“穿上”,强调“穿、戴”的动作。

He put on his coat and went out.

such与so

1)such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that(从句)

He is such a good teacher that we all like him. 他是那么好的一位老师,我们都喜欢他。

such+形容词+复数名词+that(从句)

They are such difficult problems that no one would like to continue. 遇到这样的验证,谁都不愿意继续下去。such+形容词+不可数名词+that(从句)

She has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with her. 她进步很大,老师们对她感到很满意。

2)so+形容词/副词+that(从句)

This maths problem is so difficult that no one can work it out. 这道数学题太难了,没人能把它算出来。

3)“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that(从句)”可与“such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that(从句)”结构互换。That’s so beautiful a picture that we all want to see it.=That’s such a beautiful picture that we all want to see it. 那是多么美的一幅画,我们大家都想去看一看。

so…that与such…that

so…that与such…that均表示程度或结果,意为“如此……以至于……”。so…that中间加形容词或副词,such…that中间加名词。

I was so tired that I couldn’t keep awake. 我太疲倦了以至于不能保持清醒。

It’s such a heavy box that the little boy can’t carry it. 那个箱子很重,以至于那个小男孩搬不动。

注意:当该句型中的形容词为many,much,few,little时,只能用so…that(从句)句型:so many/so much/so few/so little+名词+that从句,而不能用such…that(从句)句型。

She has so many books that you can borrow some from her. 她有很多书,你可以向她借几本。

there be…doing与there be…to do

1)there be…doing结构中,句子中的主语与后面的动词存在主动关系(也就是主谓关系)。doing作伴随状语。

There is a man swimming in the river. 有个人在河里游泳。

2)there be…to do结构中,句子中的主语与后面的动词不存在主动关系,多为动宾关系。

There is much work to do. 有许多工作要做。

maybe与may be

1)maybe是副词,意思是“大概,也许,可能”,在句中作状语,一般放在句首,也可放在句中,常位于助动词、be动词之后,实义动词之前。

Maybe he can arrive here a little late. 他可能晚点到这。

2)may be是“情态动词may+be动词”构成,放在主语后作谓语,意为“可能是,也许是”

He may be a student. 他可能是个学生。

去掉maybe该句仍是句子,句中仍有谓语;但去掉may be则不成句子,句中没有谓语了。

argue与discuss

argue一词着重于自己的看法、立场,提出论证说理,以理说服他人,意为“争论,辩论”。而discuss重在交换意见,进行讨论,不含有说服对方的成分,意为“讨论,谈论”。

There is no need arguing about the matter. 不必就此事辩论了。

We are going to discuss the question. 我们打算讨论这个问题。

pay ,spend,cost 与take

1)pay作动词,表示“付钱,赔钱”的意思,主语是人。

①pay for sth. 付某东西的钱

②pay sb. 付钱给某人

③pay sb. money for doing sth. 因做某事付钱给某人

You must pay for the lost book. 你必须为丢失的书赔钱。

He paid me 50 yuan for the work. 因为那个工作,他付给我50块钱。

2)spend也作动词,表示“花费”,主语是人,可以是花费时间,也可以是花费金钱。

①spend…on sth. 花钱或时间在某事上

②spend…in doing sth. 花钱或时间做某事

She spends too much money on her dresses.=She spends too much money in buying dresses.

3)cost也作“花费”讲,但它的主语是物。

The computer costs me 6000 yuan. 这台电脑花了我六千块。

4)take一词多义,但作“花费”讲时,主语通常是作形式主语的it,并构成固定结构,it take sb. sometime to do sth.

It takes Joe half an hour to get to school.

surprise, surprised, surprising

三者都表示“惊讶,惊奇”,但用法有所区别。

1)surprise既可作动词,也可用作名词。作动词时,意为“使某人惊奇/吃惊”;作名词时,意为“惊奇,吃惊”。

The bad news didn’t surprise them. 这个坏消息没有使他们感到吃惊。

Don’t tell him about the present. It’s a surprise. 不要告诉他有关礼物的事,这是个惊喜。

2)surprised和surprising都是由动词surprise变来的两个形容词。Surprised有被动意味,可作形容词,表示“感到惊奇的”,多形容人物心理。Surprising指令人吃惊的,作形容词,既可作表语,也可作定语,作表语时主语习惯上是物。

I was surprised at his answer. 我对他的回答感到很吃惊。

He tole me a surprising story. 他给我讲了一个令人惊奇的故事。

It was surprising that they won the first prize. 他们赢得了第一名真令人吃惊。

aloud, loud, loudly

1)aloud只作副词,意为“出声地”,只强调有声音地做某事

Please read the story aloud. 请朗读这个故事。

2)loud作形容词指“大声的,响亮的”,侧重发出的音量大,传得远。作副词指“响亮地”,多位于speak, talk, read ,laugh等动词后。

We heard a loud noise. (作形容词)我们听到一声巨响。

Don’t talk so loud. (作副词)不要如此高声谈话。

3)loudly只作副词,基本词义与loud相同,常与ring, knock连用,含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly. 突然墙上的铃大声地响起来。

like与as

like和as都有“像……一样”的意思。它们的区别是:

1)like表示相似关系,但不等同;as指两者完全或几乎完全相同。

Look, I have wings just like you. 瞧,我和你一样有翅膀。

He works as a servant. 他以一名仆人的身份工作着。

2)as后接从句或省略的从句,但like后只接名词或代词。

I have the same idea as you have. 我和你有相同的主意。

I have a new coat like yours. 我有件和你相似的新外套。

3)like常与系动词或代词搭配,如:look like, be like, like this, like that;as常与动词搭配,如:work

as…,treat…as。

find ,find out与look for

find指偶然或通过一番经历后发现某事物,强调“找”的结果。find out则着重表示经过调查、分析、思考、研究而找出原因,查明事实,发现秘密、错误等。look for也“找”是的意思,强调“找”的动作。They went to town to find out where their enemy soldiers were staying.

他们进城打探敌人住在什么地方。

On my way to school, I found a foreigner standing at the bus stop

我在上学的路上发现一个外国人站在公共汽车站的旁边。

I looked for my pen everywhere, but I can’t find it.

我到处找的钢笔,但没有找到它。

except, besides, but

1)except 表示“除……之外”,是指从整体中除去一个或一部分,除去的人或物不包括在整体之中,且着重强调除去的部分。

We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. 除了周六和周日,我们每天都上学。

2)besides表示“除……之外,还有……”,指在具体的整体之外再加上一个或一部分。

The three students went to the park besides Lin Tao. 除了林涛去了公园外,那三个学生也去了公园。

3)but也表示“除……之外”,也指从整体中除去某部分,常可与except换用,但语气不如except强。Nobody was late but you. 除你之外,没人迟到。

leave, forget, lose与miss

1)leave在表示“遗忘某物,落下某物”时,其后常接地点状语,即leave sth. + 表示地点的介词或副词短语,指“将某物忘/丢在某地”。

He left his book on the floor. 他把他的书丢在地板上了。

2)forget主要强调遗忘了某件事或某东西,后面不搭配地点状语。

I forgot to take the book, I left it at your home. 我忘了把书拿走,我把它忘在你家了。

3)lose表示“丢失,失去,损失”。

I lost my favorite Iphone4. 我丢了心爱的Iphone4。

4)miss表示“错过,没看到”。

He may miss the train. 他可能错过了火车。

get on(off), get into 与get out of

get on表示“上车”,后常接bus,train,airplane,ship 等较大、较开放式的交通工具,get off是其反义词;get into也表示“上车”,后常接car,taxi 等小型封闭式的交通工具。其反义词为get out of

The old man got on the bus slowly. 那个老人慢慢地上了公共汽车。

Mrs. Green and her daughter got into the taxi a minute ago. 格林夫人和她女儿一分钟前上了一辆出租车。

others, the others , the other, another,other

1)others通常作“其他”讲,指其他的人或事物,是一个复数概念。但others与some对比使用时,是“有些”之意,而不作“其他”讲。

Tom is in the classroom, others are on the playground. 汤姆在教室里,其他人则在操场上。

Some are digging, others are planting trees. 一些人在挖(坑),有的在种树。

2)the others表示”其余的”,指在一个范围内的其他全部。

The room is larger than the others. 这间房比其余的房间要大些。

3)the other是指“两个其中的另外一个”,表示特指。常用在“one……the other……”的结构中,表示“一个……另一个……”。

I have two pens, one is red, the other is black. 我有两支钢笔,一支是红色的,另外一支是黑色的。

4)another泛指三者或三者以上中的任意“另一个,又一个”,作代词,表示泛指。

The shirt is too small for me, please show me another, please. 这件衬衫对我来说太小了,请给我拿另一件。(一般商店有多件衬衫,这里指任意之中的一件)

5)other意为“别的”,作形容词,后常接复数名词。

We must think more of other students. 我们必须多想想别的同学。

【人教版】2017-2018年八年级下期末考试英语试题(含答案)

2017—2018学年度下学期期末素质教育测评试卷 八年级英语 (时间:120分钟满分:120分) 一、听力(共二节,计25分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分) 听下面5段小对话,每段对话后面对应一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中找出与所听对话内容相符的图片的最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有5秒钟的答题时间并阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 ( ) 1. A. B. C. ( ) 2. A. B. C. ( ) 3. A. B. C. ( ) 4. A. B. C. ( ) 5. A. B. C. 第二节(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分) 听下面7段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后面有几个小题,从题后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的答题时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,完成第6至7小题。

( ) 6. When did Tony go to work in the old people’s home? A. Last weekend. B. Last month. C. Last summer. ( ) 7. What did Tony do for the old people? A. Read newspapers. B. Told stories. C. Cleaned the rooms. 听第7段材料,完成第8至9小题。 ( ) 8. Where are they going tomorrow? A. To the science museum. B. To the art museum. C. To the space museum. ( ) 9. How are they going there? A. Ride their bikes. B. Take the subway. C. Take the bus. 听第8段材料,完成第10至11小题。 ( ) 10. What time did Lucy call Jack yesterday evening? A. At 7:00. B. At 7:30. C. At 8:00. ( ) 11. Who was Jack with? A. His father. B. His mother. C. His friend. 听第9段材料,完成第12至14小题。 ( ) 12. What is Karen going to do using the computer? A. To play games. B. To check the e-mail. C. To buy things. ( ) 13. Where is Karen’s e-pal from? A. Australia. B. French. C. Canada. ( ) 14. What does Karen like doing? A. Traveling. B. Making friends. C. Cooking. 听第10段材料,完成第15至17小题。 ( ) 15. Where is the new library? A. On Ocean Road. B. Next to the museum. B. In London School. ( ) 16. What can they do in the video reading room? A. Listen to tapes. B. Borrow some books. C. Search the Internet. ( ) 17. When can they see a free film? A. On Tuesdays. B. On Saturdays. C. On Sundays. 听第11段材料,完成第18至20小题。 ( ) 18. Why hasn’t Amy done her math homework yet? A. Because it’s too difficult for her. B. Because she wants to wait for Daniel. C. Because she wants to watch TV first. ( ) 19. When are they going to meet after school? A. At four o’clock. B. At five o’clock. C. At six o’clock. ( ) 20. What subject can Amy help Daniel with? A. English. B. Science. C. Physics. 听第12段材料,完成第21至25小题。 ( ) 21. How long has the writer been living in the Taihe village?

新人教版八年级下册英语单词表全

2014新人教版八年级上册英语单词表全? Unit?1? anyone?/'eniw?n/?pron.任何人? anywhere?/'eniwe?(r)/?adv.任何地方? wonderful/'w?nd?(r)fl/adj.精彩的;绝妙的? few?/fju:/adj.&pron.不多;很少? quite?a?few相当多;不少(后接可数名词)? most/m??st/adj.,adv.&pron.最多;大多数? something?/'s?mθ??/?pron.某事;某物? nothing(=not…anything)/'n?θ??/pron. 没有什么;没有一件东西? everyone/'evriw?n/pron.每人;人人;所有人? of?course?/?vk?:s/?当然;自然? myself?/ma?'self/?pron.我自己;我本人? yourself?/j?:'self/?pron.你自己;您自己? hen?/hen/?n.母鸡? pig?/p?g/n.猪? seem?/si:m/?vi.好像;似乎;看来 bored?/b?:d/?adj.厌倦的;烦闷的? someone?/'s?mw?n/?pron.某人? diary/'da??ri/n.日记;日记簿?(keep??a??diary)? enjoyable/'?n'd????bl/? adj.有乐趣的;令人愉快的? activity?/?k't?v?ti/?n.活动? decide?/d?'sa?d/?v.决定;选 定?(decide??to??do??sth.)? try?/tra?/?v.尝试;设法;努力??? (try?to?do?sth.?/try?doing?sth.)? paragliding/'p?r?ɡla?d??/n.空中滑翔跳伞 ?feel?like?给……的感觉;感受到 ?bird?/b?:d/?n.鸟? bicycle?/'ba?s?kl/?n.自行车;脚踏车? building?/'b?ld??/?n.建筑物;房子 trader?/'tre?d?(r)/?n.商人? wonder?/'w?nd?(r)/?v.想知道;琢磨? difference?/'d?fr?ns/?n.差别;差异? top?/t?p/?n.顶部;表面? wait?/we?t/?v.等待;等候(wait?for)? umbrella?/?m'brel?/?n.伞;雨伞? wet?/wet/?adj.湿的;潮湿的;下雨的? because?of?????因为? below/b?'l??/prep.&adv.在……下面;到……下面? enough/?'n?f/adj.足够的(地)adv.充足的(地);充分的(地)? hungry?/'h??ɡri/?adj.饥饿的? as?/?z/?conj.像……一样;如同? hill?/h?l/?n.小山;山丘? duck?/d?k/?n.鸭? dislike/d?s'la?k/v.&n.不喜爱(的事物);厌恶(的事物)? Central?Park?中央公园(美国纽约)? HuangguoshuWarterfall?/'w?:t?(r)f?:l/? 黄果树瀑布(贵州)? HongKong?/,h??'k??/,/'ha:?,ka:?/香港(中 华人民共和国特别行政区)? Malaysia?/m?'le???/马来西亚;? Malaysian/m?'le??n/adj.马来西亚的;n.马来西亚人?? Georgetown/'d??:d?ta?n/乔治市(马来西亚)? Weld?/weld/?Quay?/ki:/?海墘街? Penang?/p?'n??/?Hill?槟城山(马来西亚)? Tian'anmen?Square/skwe?(r)/天安门广场? the?Palace?/'p?l?s/?Museum?故宫博物院? Unit?2? housework/'ha?sw?:(r)k/n.家务劳动;家务事? hardly?/'hɑ:(r)dli/?adv.几乎不;几乎没有? ever/'ev?(r)/adv.在任何时候;从来;曾经? hardly?ever几乎从不? once?/w?ns/?adv.一次;曾经? twice?/twa?s/?adv.两次;两倍?? Internet/'?nt?net/n.(国际)互联网;因特网? Program/'pr??ɡr?m/?n.(=programme)节目full?/f?l/?adj.忙的;满的;充满的? swing?/sw??/?n.摆动;秋千v.(swung/sw??/) 使摆动;摇摆? swing?dance?摇摆舞? maybe/'me?bi/?adv.大概;或许;可能 least/li:st/adv.最小;最少;adj.&pron最小的;最少的? at?least至少;不少于;起码? junk?/d???k?/?n.无用的东西;无价值的东西? junk?food?垃圾食品?coffee?/'k?fi/?n.咖啡? health/helθ/n.健康;人的身体(或精神)状态result?/r?'z?lt/?n.结果;后果? percent/p?'sent/n.(=per?cent)百分之……? online?/,?n'la?n/,/,ɑ:n'la?n/adj.&dav在线(的);联网(的)?

新人教版八年级下册英语单词表(人教版八年级英语下册)

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