高考英语 语法专题复习定语从句类

2012届高考英语语法专题复习定语从句类

定语从句：先行词，关系词，从句。

定语从句:也叫关系从句,修饰一个名词或代词,或是整个句子.被修饰的词叫先行词,引导从句的关系词.(关系代词和关系副词).定语从句通常在先行词之后

分类:限制性定语从句,对先行词起修饰或限制的作用;

非限制性定从句,对先行词起补充说明的作用.

一)关系词（关系代词或关系副词的选用原则）

1只能用that情况：

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：

(2) 如果先等词被 all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.

(3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，关系代词常用that,不用which。

(4) 如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.

(5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。而不用who, which.

(6)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.

(7) 关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.

(8) 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时，关系代词用that .

(9) 当主句“ there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。

(10) 当先行词是“ to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用that .

2．只能用which的情况

非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。

those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。

介词后只用which

4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语。

5）先行词是that时，关系代词要用which.。

6）关系代词后面有插入语时，应用关系代词 which.

三.of +关系代词：of whom表人，of which表物

1)在介词提前的情况下,当先行词是物时, 介词后只能跟which, 当先行词是人时, 介词后面只能是whom, 此时关系供词不可能用that , who, 也可以省略.

2)在含介词的动词短语中, 若介词与动词分开会导致意思的变化时,介词不能提前.

This is the English dictionary which you 're looking for.

3)当先行词是way 时,关系代词可能that , in which , 或者省略.

This is the way that / in which he memorizes English words.

四.关系副词：

1)当先行词时时间,并在从句作状语时,用关系副词when.(at, in , on ,during which)

I'll always remember the day when I first used E-mail to send message to my friends abroad.

2)当先行词时地点, 并在从句中作状语时, 用where.(in ,at, to which)

The factory where his mother works is in the east of the city

3)当先行词是原因, 并在从句中作状语时, 用关系副词why.(for which)

We all know the reson why she is late for the work today..

定语从句练习1：1. Is there a bar around _____I can have something to eat?

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. where

2. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.

A. the roof of which

B. which roof

C. its roof

D. the roof

3. Edison made a lot of inventions, ____ of great importance.

A. which I think are

B. which I think they are

C. which I think they

D.

I think which are

4. I’ll talk about a newly-opened market ______ you may get all _______ you need.

A. in which; which

B. where; that

C. where; what

D. which; that

5. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?

A. that you talked

B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with

D. you talked about

6. ____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.

A. Which

B. As

C. That

D. It

7. The fence in our garden, _____ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. where

8. When lost in work, _____ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.

A. what

B. so

C. just like

D. as

9. A football fan (球迷) is _____ has a strong interest in football.

A. a thing that

B. something that

C. a person who

D. what

10. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _____ we said goodbye to each other.

A. which

B. when

C. why

D. where

11. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.

A. that

B. what

C. why

D. for which

12. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building ____ stands near the post office?

A. 不填

B. in which

C. that

D. where

13. His sister had become a teacher, ______ was what he wanted to be.

A. who

B. what

C. that

D. which

14. With the development of agriculture, the people ____village I taught before have lived a happy life.

A. who

B. whose

C. in whose

D. in which

15. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _____ you may spend your weekend.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. where

16. He must be from Africa, ____ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. it D. what

17. Both the girl and her dog ____ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.

A. which

B. who

C. they

D. that

18. I, ____ your friend, will try my best to help you out. A. which are B. which is C. who is D. who am

19. Is this just the city ____ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _____.

A. which, to

B. to which, /

C. that, to

D. to that, /

20. It’s one of the most interesting stories ___ I have ___ read