高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期情态动词与虚拟语气巩固提升练习(有答案)

情态动词与虚拟语气一、can和could特别说明：（1）could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can（即：could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。

如：——Could I use your dictionary?——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.)(2)can和be able to辨析can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。

但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。

如：I’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own?但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to来表示。

这时，was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。

如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.(3) 惯用形式“cannot …too…”表示“无论怎么……也不（过分）”。

如：You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。

惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式（不带to）”表示“不得不，只好”。

如：I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。

二、may和might三、will和would特别说明：would与used to辨析would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.”另外，would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。

而used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。

Would可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可。

如：He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.I used to get up at six in the morning.Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.四、shall和should五、must和have to六、need和dare七、ought的用法说明：should与ought to 表示“应该”时的区别should 表示自己的主观看法，而ought to的语气中，含有“按道理应该……”之意。

若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ought to。

如：You should help them with their work.You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.八、“情态动词+have done”用法总结：肯定：may/might/must do 推测的动作与谓语动作同时发生情态动词否定：can’t/couldn’t be doing 同时发生表推测疑问：can/could have done 先发生（对过去的推测）have been doing 先发生一直延续到现在should/ought to情态动词shouldn’t/oughtn’t to表虚拟have done 本该做某事而没做need/needn’t 本不该做某事而做了…could/might命题热点：1.情态动词的基本用法辨析2. 情态动词表示态度的用法辨析3. 情态动词表示推测的用法辨析4. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，即：would/ could/ should/ might have done。

例如：If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.考题分析：1. If it ___ for the snow, we ___ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; couldC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb2. -- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara.A. could have stayB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said答案简析：1. 根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，故答案选C。

2. 本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you hadn’t stay at a hotel while in New York, youcould have stayed with Barbara. 表达了与过去事实相反的情况，答案选A。

3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。

表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答案选D。

考查形式：主要体现在听力理解、语法填空和完形填空中。

must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一定……、肯定……”。

其否定形式分别用can’t/ couldn’t和can/ could。

例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。

She didn’t attend the lesson yesterday. She must have been ill.她昨天没有上课，她一定是生病了。

1. must have done 语气极强，表示非常肯定，一定做了某事，基本只用肯定句巩固练习.1. He ____ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. shouldB. mustn’tC. wouldn’tD. can’t2. This cake is very sweet. You ___ a lot of sugar in it.A. should putB. could have putC. might putD. must have put3. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ___ at least 150 kilometers an hour.A. should have been doingB. must have been doingC. could have donD. would have done4. I didn’t hear the phone. I ____ asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been2. may/ might have done也用于对已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，但语气稍弱，意思是“可能，或许……”E.g. She didn’t get there in time. She may have missed the bus.她没能及时到达那儿。

她可能没赶上汽车。

He didn’t come to school today. He might have been ill.他今天没来上课，他可能病了。

巩固练习：1. Sorry, I’m late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.(A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will2. The window was broken. Tom ____ have done that, for he was a little naughty.A. couldB. mightC. shouldD. ought to3. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said答案简析：这三句表达的都是对过去已经发生过的情况的推测判断，意思是“可能、或许……”，应该用may/might have done结构。

答案分别选ABD。

3. 如果对过去情况推测判断的句子是疑问句和否定句，只能用can／could和can’t／couldn’tE.g. He can’t have gone abroad; I saw him an hour ago.他不可能去国外，我一个小时前还见到他呢。