现在完成时与现在完成进行时态

一.核心语法

【知识梳理】

1.现在完成时

【拓展】

1)表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼点在现在，常与already, yet, just ,before, lately, recently, never, ever, not yet等连用。这个动作到说话时可能已经停止或结束。

He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。

His brother has joined the Party already.

I have finished reading the book.

We have just visited the farm.

2)表示动作或状态在过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并还可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常用延续性动词。常与段时间状语连用。如：so far, up to now, since, for+一段时间，in/over /during the past/last few years等。

He has lived here since 1995. 自从1995年以来，他一直住在这儿。

I have not seen Justin since last Friday night. （从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见过Justin）

I have taught English for 15 years.

Up to now, we have received no news from her.

批注：现在完成时还可和包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用，如：today, this morning, this month, these days, this year等,表示这个动作在这个特定的时间内完成.

Have you seen her these days?

但如果说话人感兴趣的只是在这段时间内发生了某一动作，而不是这一动作与现在的关系时，须用过去时态。

The conference opened this month.

3)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。（即用现在完成时代替将来完成时）。

其特征为：状语从句中的谓语动词很明显或需强调发生在主句谓语动作之前。They will go to work in the company as soon as they have graduated from the school. (强调毕业后)

I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. （强调先看到）

I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. （强调“干完”）

Tell me your answer when you have solved the problem! （强调“解决”）

4)使用现在完成时的句型

①It /This is the first / second time…that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the second time that I have visited the city.

This is the first time (that)I’ve heard him sing.

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.

②This is +形容词最高级+名词+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that I’ve (ever)seen.

This is the only book that he has written.

5）固定句型

It is/has been +时段+since+从句（从句谓语为瞬间——则按字面翻译）

（从句谓语为延续——则表示未做此事多久）

如：It is/has been two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。

It is two years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住两年了。

【典例讲解】

例1：—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?

—Sorry, I ______ the piano for years.

A. don't play

B. wasn't playing

C. haven't played

D. hadn't played

答案：C

解析：根据remember可知语境是现在，从时间状语for years 得出是从过去到现在的时间，所以用现在完成时。

2.现在完成进行时

【拓展】

表示一个持续到现在的动作(这动作可能刚停止，也可能还在进行)。

(1) 构成：have been doing

(2) 用法：

1) 延续：表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在，并且活动往往还没有结束，将继续持续下去。

I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.( “我”回家后一直都没睡好，现在也没睡好。)

I have been living in Hawaii for ten years.我在夏威夷已经生活了十年。

She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE.她最近在熬夜准备GRE 考试。

Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours.汤姆玩网游已经超过二十个小时了。

2) 重复：到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动。

He has been going to Seattle for half a year.他在半年间经常去西雅图。

I have been telling you not to make trouble.我一直劝你不要找麻烦。

The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years.老人修车修了三十年了。

Jack has been practising Tai Chi for more than a year.杰克练太极一年多了。

3)表示感情色彩

现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩。

如：What have you been doing? 表示惊异

Who's been eating my apples? 表示愤怒不满

【典例讲解】

例1：Tom ______ in the library every night over the last three months.

A.works

B. worked

C. has been working

D. had been working

答案：C

解析：over the last three months 的意思是“在过去的三个月期间”，这类时间状语通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，四个选项中只有C符合此要求。

例2：Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.

had considered B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider

答案：B

解析：根据but she hasn’t decided yet (尚未决定) 可知，从开始失业时起一直在考虑再去上学，现在还在考虑。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在，并且现在依然在发生的动作，用现在完成进行时，现在完成进行时由“have/has been doing”构成，所以选B。

3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时辨析

【拓展】

现在完成进行时与现在完成时均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作，有时两者可换用，但前者多用于口语中。

I have watered the flower.我已经给花浇过水了。（已完成，你不必浇了）

I have been watering the flowers.我一直在给花浇水。（未完成，一直在浇）

I have known her for a long time.（正）我认识她很久了。

I have been knowing her for a long time.（误）

I haven’t seen him these days.（正）这些日子我没有见过他。

I haven’t been seeing him these days. （误）

小结：这两种时态的差别主要有哪两个？

_____________________________________________________________________ ______________

_____________________________________________________________________ ______________

答案：

1.现在完成时表示动作已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性。

2.状态动词、知觉动词或情感动词，如see, feel, know, love等，不可用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。

【例题精讲】

例1.Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.

A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider

【答案】B

【分析】本题考查动词的时态语态。根据句义：她现在失业了，正在考虑要不要回学校，但是还没有决定。所以用现在完成进行时。

例2.--I have got a headache.

--No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long.

A. Work

B. are working

C. have been working

D. worked

【答案】C

【分析】本题考查动词的时态语态。根据句义：你在电脑前工作太久，难怪会头疼，可知work 维持了一段时间，且持续发生。所以用现在完成进行时。

例3.Tom__________ (read)a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning and he’ll get through soon.

【答案】has been reading

【分析】根据题干this morning and he’ll get through soon，所以用现在完成进行时。

例4.His brother __________ never __________ (read) any books about Stonehenge before.

【答案】has|read

【分析】根据never用现在完成时。

例5.The travelers say they come from London and __________ (travel) for two months.

【答案】have been travelling

【分析】根据for two months判断用现在完成进行时。

例6.—Will someone go and get Dr.White?

—He

__________ already __________ (send) for.

【答案】has|been sent

【分析】根据already用现在完成时。

例7.But no evidence of life __________ (discover)on any of these planets so far. 【答案】has been discovered

【分析】此句为被动，根据so far用现在完成时.

例8.I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he________on it for more than an hour.

A. has been working

B. will have worked

C. will have been working

D. had worked

【答案】A

【分析】考查动词时态。根据“for more than an hour”知应用现在完成进行时态。

例9.It’s time that I________my hair cut.It’s the fifth time that I________to the barber’s shop.

A. had；have gone

B. has；have gone

C. have；went

D. had；go

【答案】A

【分析】It’s time that...句型中谓语使用虚拟语气，动词用过去时；It’s the＋序数词＋time that...句型中动词用完成时。

例10.---Hi, Tommy, you look tired.

---I am tired. I _________the computer games all day.

A. played

B. had played

C. have been playing

D. have played

【答案】C

【分析】根据all day判断是现在完成进行时。

【课堂练习】

1.The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _________ before.

A. was having

B. have have ever

C. had

D. had ever had

【答案】C

【分析】根据before判断是现在完成时。

2.John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______each other a couple of times before that.

A. had been; have seen

B. have been; have seen

C. had been ; had seen

D. have been; had seen

【答案】D

【分析】根据for eight years判断是现在完成时；然后根据后半句before that判断是过去的过去，过去完成时。

3.---The window is dirty.

---I know. It for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned

【答案】D

【分析】根据for weeks判断是现在完成时。

4.I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ?

A. Has it all been finished

B. Was it all finished

C. Has it all finished

D. Did it all finished

【答案】A

【分析】根据主语谓语的关系，判断是被动语态，排除CD。再根据语境判断是现在完成时。

5.My dictionary _________. I have looked for it everywhere but still________ it.

A. has lost; don’t find

B. is missing; don’t find

C. has lost; haven’t found

D. is missing; haven’t found

【答案】D

【分析】第一句我的字典不见了，陈述事实，用现在时。后半句仍然找不到，指这段时间的状态，用现在完成时。

6.---We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.

--- What do you suppose _______ to her?

A. was happening

B. to happen

C. has happened

D. having happened

【答案】C

【分析】根据语境，这段时间未见，这段时间发生了什么事。

7.We_________ for the bus half an hour, but it has not come yet.

A. have been waiting

B. have waited

C. are waiting

D. have been waited

【答案】A

【分析】根据half an hour可知一段现在完成进行时。

8.They________ the Summer Palace three times.

A. have gone to

B. have been to

C. have been in

D. have gone into

【答案】B

【分析】根据three times可知用表示“去过的”have been to

9.He ________ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he_______ about thirty articles.

A. has written; has written

B. has been writing; wrote

C. is writing; has been writing

D. has been writing; has written

【答案】D

【分析】第一空根据these three years可知写书的动作一直持续到现在且还会继续下去，用现在完成进行时，后半句表示目前已经完成了30篇，用现在完成时。

10.The news came as no surprise to me. I it for some time that the factory was going to shut down.

A. had known

B. knew

C. have known

D. know

【答案】C

【分析】根据for some time判断用现在完成时。

【课后练习】

1.The price________，but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. went down

B. will go down

C. has gone down

D. was going down

【答案】C

【分析】根据从句whether it will remain so用一般将来时态可以判断出，价格的下调对现在产生了影响，故用现在完成时态，故选C。

2.The country life he was used to ________ greatly since 1992.

A. change

B. has changed

C. changing

D. have changed

【答案】B

【分析】he was used to为定语从句，修饰先行词country life，而其宾语为省去的关系代词

that/which，又根据时间状语since 1992，可知B项正确。

3.Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair ________ all day.Could you speak to her now?

A. phones

B. has phoned

C. has been phoning

D. phoned

【答案】C

【分析】句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自Vanity Fair的记者一整天都在打电话，你现在能和她通话吗？表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在，用现在完成进行时态。题干中all day 表示一段时间。

4.Glad to see you back.How long________in Russia?

A. did you stay

B. were you staying

C. have you been staying

D. have you stayed

【答案】A

【分析】根据句意，既然glad to see you back，说明stay in Russia这一动作已发生，且发生在过去，未涉及现在的状况，所以C、D两项不合适；B项是过去进行时，指过去某时正在发生的动作，所以也不正确；A项是一般过去时，用来陈述过去时间内发生的动作，故选A。

5.My brother is an actor.He________in several films so far.

A. appears

B. appeared

C. has appeared

D. is appearing

【答案】C

【分析】时间状语so far表示“到目前为止”，它常和现在完成时连用，故选C。

6.When you are home，give a call to let me know you________safely.

A. are arriving

B. have arrived

C. had arrived

D. will arrive

【答案】B

【分析】句意为：当你到家时，给我打电话，让我知道你已经安全到达了。根据句意应选B项have arrived。are arriving为现在进行时表将来；had arrived为过去完成时，强调动作的发生时间为过去的过去；will arrive为一般将来时，三者均不符合句意。

7.—Why，Jack，you look so tired!

—Well，I________the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.

A. was painting

B. will be painting

C. have painted

D. have been painting 【答案】D

【分析】句意为：——哎呀，杰克，你看上去很疲倦！——噢，我一直在粉刷房子，明天必须完工。由句意可知paint这一动作一直延续到tomorrow，故用现在完成进行时。

8.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs

they________before leaving their hometowns.

A. promised

B. were promised

C. have promised

D. have been promised

【答案】D

【分析】句意为：每年大量农民工涌入深圳，去寻找他们离乡前别人给他们许诺的挣钱的工作。此处农民工是“被许诺工作”，需用被动语态，故排除A和C两项；B项仅表一般过去时的被动；D项表示“已经被许诺”，故选D。

9.I have to see the doctor because I________a lot lately.

A. have been coughing

B. had coughed

C. coughed

D. cough

【答案】A

【分析】句意为：我不得不去看医生，因为我最近一直咳嗽得很厉害。由时间状语lately和句子语境可以得出，这里用现在完成进行时最合适，表示最近一段时间以来一直在进行的动作，暗含此动作有可能还继续进行下去。

10.—I’m sorry，but I don’t quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?

—Sorry，I________myself clear.We want to return on October 20.

A. hadn’t made

B. wouldn’t make

C. don’t make

D. haven’t made 【答案】D

【分析】句意为：——对不起，我没有听清楚你的话。你是说你们想在9月20日返回吗？——对不起，我自己没有说清楚。我们想在10月20日返回。根据句意可知“我”虽然刚刚已经表达了自己的意思，但现在导致的结果是没有表达清楚，所以应用现在完成时，故选D。