句的五种基本句型

语法讲义一、简单句与并列句

简单句的五种基本句型

句子成分详解一览

表

句型种类 主语

谓语部分

谓语动词 表语 宾语 宾补 S+Vi Pat arrived S+Vt+O She plays the piano

S+Vt+C They are(系动词) heroes. S+Vt+Ino+Do I offered him dollars

S+Vt+O+Oc Ann made

me

cry

句子成分

意义

充当词类 例句

主语 The Subject 表示句子说的是什么人，或什么事

名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子等。 1.We study in No.7 Middle School. 2.Jim is an educated child.

谓语 The predicate 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样

由动词或动词词组充当

1.I expect you to take me.

2.Lucy is dancing under the tree.

3.Her parents hate telling lies. 宾语 The object 表示动作、行为的对象

同主语的充当词类

1.Both of the girls like Spanish.

2.Did she call me just now? 表语 The predicative 与系动词连用，一起构成谓语、说明主语

的性质特征

同主语的充当词类

1.Her mother is a chemist.

2.The two states were at war then.

3.What he said sounds reasonable.

定语 The attribute 用来修饰名词或代词 形、代、数、名、副、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语 1.The black sweater is mine. 2.What is his father's name ？

3.We have nine lessons every day. 状语

The adverbial

修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等

通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示 1.The miners work very hard. 2.She often helps Mike.

3.They held a party in Hollywood.

宾语补足语 The object complement 宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系 一般由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当

1.They named the baby Lily.

2.She always keeps the house clean every day.

句子分类一览表

分类说明例句

按结构分类

简单句

The simple

sentence

由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或

并列谓语）构成的句子。即：一套主谓关

系

1.She goes to work every day.

2.Tom and I found her there.

3.We all breathe, eat and work.

并列句

The compound

sentence

由并列连词（如：and ,so,but, or等）把两

个或以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句

子

1.I often help her and she helps

me ,too.

2.Harry likes eggs,but he doesn't

like chicken.

复合句

The complex

sentence

由一个主句和一个或以上的从句构成的

句子

1.I believe you are right.

2.If he studies harder, he will

pass the exam.

按用途分类

陈述句

The declaratives

sentence

用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法。 1.They're practising English.

2.Mother doesn't like dogs.

祈使句

The imperative

sentence

用来表示请求、命令等。谓语动词用原形。

有肯定、否定两种形式。

1.Keep quiet,please.

2.Don't read in the sun.

3.Let's be friends.

感叹句

The exclamatory

sentence

用来表达强烈的感情 1.What a hot day it is!

2.How fast Liu Xiang runs!

一般疑问句

The general

qusetion

用yes 和no 来回答的句子，通常把助动

词be ,have 或情态动词放在主语前

1.Is she a student？

2.Can you play the piano?

3.Do they like basketball?

特殊疑问句

The special

question

用疑问词开头的疑问句，不能用yes 和no

回答。

1.Who is on duty today?

2.How did he get the news?

3.Where does he live ?

选择疑问句

The alternative

question

提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选

择，两部分用or连接，其结构是：“一般

疑问句+or+要选择部分？”

1.Is she playing or working?

2.Which would you like ,tea or

coffee?

反意疑问句

The disjunctive

question

在陈述句后附上一个简短问句，表示说话

者对所叙述的事实虽然有一定的见解，但

没有把握，提出相反的疑问，希望得到对

方证实。其结构是：“前肯后否，前否后

肯”

1.Work is a bag part of your

life ,isn't it ?

2.You don't want to stay

here,do you ?

3.Don't be so noisy, will you ?

感叹句（Exclamatory sentence ）与祈使句（Imperative sentence ）

感叹句的结构与特点

祈使句结构简表及用法

常见形式

例句

肯定形式

Vi （+副词） 1.Stop! Sit down! Get away! https://www.360docs.net/doc/ec13296351.html,e here,everyone! Vt+宾语 1.stop talking!

2.Give it to your sister!

Be+ adj.

1.Be careful!

2.Be reasonable, Mary. It wasn't my fault.

3.Be sure to turn off the light!

否定形式（Don't/Never +V ） 1.Don't take it away!

2.Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today!

Let 结构

1.Let me try!

2.Let him not waste time!

3.Let's be frank with each other! 有主语结构（以示强调）

（You+V ） 1.You clean the blackboard! 2.John ,you be quiet!

加强语气结构（do/does/did+V.） 1.Do come ,please! 2. Do be brave! 2.Tom did tell me the news!

无动词祈使句

1.Silence!

2.No smoking!

3.No entry!

类别 结构

例句

备注

以What 引导

What +a/an+adj.+ 单数可数名词+主语+谓语！

1.What a silly question he asked!

2.What an interesting story (it is) ! 1.在口语中，后面的主语，谓语可以省略。

2.What 感叹句的中心词是名词，但名词前可以加形容词等来修饰。

3.How “adj+a/an+单数名词”，但不能接“Adj+复数或不可数名词”

What +(adj)+ 复数名词+主语+谓语！

1.What lovely girls they are!

2.What beautiful flowers they are !

3.What fools you are!

What +adj.+ 不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！

1.What fine weather (it is) today!

2.What good advice she gave! How

引导 How +adv./adj.+主语+谓语！ 1.How cool it was yesterday! 2.How hard the students study! 其他形式

有时陈述句、一般疑问句、单词或短语也可以用作感叹句

1.She is such a nice girl!

2.Isn't the story interesting!

3.Wonderful!

4.Help !

5.Lovely day,isn't it!

注意

1.感叹句有时可以用How 和What 来转换，但这只能适合于单数可数名词的情况。

2.fun, advice ,information,news,weather 等不可数名词或复数名词前，即使其前有形容词来修饰，也不能加a/an.

注意：祈使句与and 或or 等连用，可以表示条件。如：

Work hard,and you'll succeed.

Don't move ,or I'll fire!

反意疑问句（Tag questions）1.附加问句的肯定与否定

陈述部分附加疑问部分例句hardly, few, little,no, not,

never,nobody,nothing,seldom,nowh ere等否定词或半否定词肯定式

1.Nobody came here while i was out ,did they ?

2.There's little rice at home ,is there ?

3.Dave can hardly cook,can he ?

no one ,no body, one ,nothing,neither等作宾语多用肯定式也可

用否定形式

1.peter has nothing to say ,does(n't) he ?

2.You got nothing from her,did(n't) you?

含有un-, in-,im-,dis-, --less等否定

前、后缀构成的派生词否定形式1.That's unfair ,isn't it ?

2.The boy is hopeless,isn't he?

3.She dislikes pets,doesn't she?

2.一些特殊句式的附加疑问句

陈述部分句式附加问句部分例句

I am... aren't I I'm your friend,aren't I?

I wish... may I I wish to have a look,may I?

Let's (表建议，包括说着) shall we (shan't we) Let's sing an English song, shall we? Let us （表允许，不包括

说话者）

will you(won't you) Let us make it by ourselves,will you?

Let me /him/ them will you Let me do it again,will you ?

Let him join us,will you?

表示邀请、请求的祈使句will/ won't you Come here this evening, will you?

You will speak English,won't you?

否定的祈使句（表示请求）will/ can't you Don't make a noise , will/can you?

感叹句用一般现在时be 的形式What fine weather ,isn't it ?

并列句与邻近的分句一致Mary is a nice girl, but she doesn't like

English,does she?

主从复合句多与主句的主、谓语一致Jim wouldn't go if it rained, would he?

I don't

think/believe/guess...+宾语从句与从句的主，谓语一致，且用肯

定形式

I don't think this story is funny,is it?

I don't believe he knows it, does he?

So..., or..., oh... 前后两部分一致（前否后也否）He is Michael Jordan,or is he?

3.附加部分与陈述部分主语不一致的情况

陈述部分主语附加部分主语例句

this,that ,anything,something,

nothing,everything，不定式，动名词（短语），从句it

1.This /That is your sister,isn't it?

2.Everything seems all right,doesn't it ?

3.Nothing is serious,is it?

4.To learn Japanese isn't easy, is it?

5.What she said was true,wasn't it?

some（none）of... it /they 1.Some of the boys have left,haven't they?

2.None of the food was delicious,was it? these/those they These /Those are not parrots,are they? anybody ,someone,

everyone,either,nobody,each of...no one,one,neither he/they

1.Everyone knows this,don't they/doesn't he?

2.Each of boys had an apple,didn't he /they?

3.Nobody saw him,did they?

4.No one called me just now,did they?

复数代词one one/he One can't always be young,can one/he? the +形容词以及由both ...and ,

either...or, neither...nor, and, not only...but also..., or 等连接的主语复数代词

1.The poor had no right to vote then, did they ?

2.Both Rose and Mary left,didn't they ?

3.Neither you or I am wrong, are we?

4.附加问句部分与陈述部分谓语不一致的情况

陈述部分谓语附加部分谓语例句

have 不作“有”讲do (does/did) 1.They all had a good time,didn't they?

2.We have to say goodbye,don't we? need/dare做实义动词do 1.he needs a lot of money,doesn't he?

2.I've never dared to ask her,have I? must (必须) needn't (不必) We must finish it today, needn't we?

can't (不可能)表示推测根据can't 后的动词

选用相应的形式1.The person can't be an inspector, is he?

2.They can't have finished it now, have they?

must+be 对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在

进行时处理

1.Ann looks pale. She must be ill,isn't she?

2.The boys must be playing football on the playground now,

aren't they?

must+完成时表示对过去情况的推测作一般过去时的附加

疑问句处理

1.The interviewers must have come yesterday,didn't they?

2.He must have been there then, wasn't he?

must+完成时用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成时的附加

疑问句处理

His cousin must have lived here at least ten years,hasn't he ?

used to+ d动词原形didn't/usedn't + 主语He used to live in the town, usedn't/didn't he?

语法讲义二、状语从句

状语从句在句中起状语的作用，修饰主句的谓语动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由从属连词引导，与主句相接。状语从句放在句首时，常在其后加上逗号，若放在句末时，其前一般不用逗号。

种类连接词例句注意事项

时间状语从句When /by the time /wherever;

once,every/each time;as soon

as=hardly/scarely...when=no

sooner...than;

the moment/minute

=immediately/instantly;

while/as; after;since;until/till

1.Once ha has made up his mind, nothing can

change it.

2.While we are young,we should work hard.

3.I'm going to talk with you as soon as I finish

my work.

4.He didn't go to bed last night until he finished

his work.

5.As she grew older,she began to go deaf.

主“将”从“现”。

when 强调“特定

时间”，while表示

的是时间段，有时

还有对比的含义，

as 用于口语，强

调“同时”。

地点状语where; wherever 1.please stay where you are.

2.I may go wherever I like.

原因状语because; as /for; since/now that

seeing that /as

considering (that)

1.Since no one else is against it, we'll pass the

law.

2.As she is not well today, I'll go myself.

3.Seeing as we're going the same way, I'll give

you a lift.

because引导的从

句一般在主句之

后，且主句不可再

用连词so;

because语气最

强，since较弱，

as次之，for最弱。

比较状语从句than

as....as

not as /so ...as

1.It is warmer in spring than ( it is)in winter.

2.I get up as early as my parents do every

morning.

3.He isn't as tall as Bill.

4.Liu Xiang runs much faster than I do.

as和than引导从

句，常省去与主句

中相同部分，留下

相比较的部分；常

用替代动词do等

形式代替与主句

相同的谓语部分。

目的状语so that =in order that

for fear that

that(以便)

in case

1.I got up early so that I could catch the first

bus to Macao.

2.Better take more clothes in case the weather is

cold.

表示目的的so

that=in order that ,

后常接may或

should,could,

would等。

结果状语so.....that

such....that

1.I was so excited that I couldn't go to sleep.

2.She spoke in such a low voice that we

couldn't hear her at all.

注意so和such后

的搭配词

so+adj./adv...

such+(adj.)+n..

条件状语if; unless ; as/so long as

on condition that; suppose that;

in case

1.He'll talk with me if he has time tomorrow.

2.You will fail in the exam unless you work

harder.

3.Stay as long as you like.

4.Send me a message in case you have any

difficulty.

从句中的动词时

态不可用将来时，

只能用现在或过

去时来表示将来

时

方式状语as if =as though

as

1.We heard a noise, as if someone were

breathing.

2.It looks as though it is going to rain this

morning.

3.She will do as she is told.

as if /as though引

导的从句一般用

虚拟语气

让步状语(al)though; even if/though;

no matter what/who/which/how...

1.Native English speakers can understand each

other even if they don't speak the same.

2.They kept on working, though it was raining.

3.No matter how difficult (it may be), we must

go on.

4.Young /Child as he is , he knows a lot.

as 作“尽管”，用

于让步状语从句

时，需用部分倒装

结构，而

although/though

则用正常语序。两

者可和yet连用，

但不可与but连用

语法讲义三、宾语从句

直接引语与间接引语

类型直接引语改变方法间接引语

陈述句 1."I like sports."Jim said.

2.He said to me,"My sister

has been here." 用连词that 引导。从句中的人

称、时态、时间、地点状语及

指示代词等要作相应变化。

1.Jim said that he liked sports.

2.He told me that his sister had been

there.

一般疑问句1.He said to me ,"Are you

out of work?"

2.She said,"Did you see

Bob last night？"

用连词if 或whether引导，主

句中谓语动词是said时，改为

asked, 如无间接宾语，可加

一个（me,him,us等）。语序要

用陈述句语序，句末用句号。

1.he asked whether /if I was out of

work.

2.She asked me if I had seen Bob the

night before.

特殊疑问句1.“Which do you want?”

he asked me.

2."Who has taken my

record?"Tom asked.

用原来问句中的疑问词引导，

注意从句需用陈述语序，句末

用点号。

1.He asked me which wanted.

2.Tom asked who had taken his record.

祈使句 1.She said to us ，"Please

come in."

2.The teacher said,"Don't

make a noise , boys."

将原句中的动词原形变为不

定式，并在前面加上

tell,ask,order等动词，其句型

是tell(ask,order) sb. to do sth.

如果祈使句是否定式，则在不

定式前面加上not.

1.she asked us to come in.

2.The teacher told the boys not to

make a noise.

直接引语变间接引语的一般规律

变项分类直接引语要变项间接引语

主句中的谓语动词时

态

一般现在时-------------------------------------------------------------

一般过去时-------------------------------------------------------------

现在完成时-------------------------------------------------------------

现在进行时------------------------------------------------------------

一般将来时-------------------------------------------------------------

过去完成时-------------------------------------------------------------

一般过去时

过去完成时

过去完成时

过去进行时

过去将来时

过去完成时

情态动词can/may-----------------------------------------------------------------

shall/will-----------------------------------------------------------------

must----------------------------------------------------------------------

could/might

should/would

had to(must)

指示代词this/these-------------------------------------------------------------- that/those 地点状语here------------------------------------------------------------------- there

方向性动词come/bring----------------------------------------------------------- go/take

时间状语now-----------------------------------------------------------------

today-----------------------------------------------------------------

tonight---------------------------------------------------------------

tomorrow----------------------------------------------------------

yesterday-----------------------------------------------------------

last night(week)----------------------------------------------------

next week/month--------------------------------------------------

ago-----------------------------------------------------------------

the day before yesterday----------------------------------------

the day after tomorrow---------------------------------------

then

that day

that night

the next(following) day

the day before

the night (week) before

the next week/month

before

two days before

in two day's time

直接引语变间接引语不变的情况

不变项说明直接引语间接引语

时态所转述的是科

学真理，格言等

已有表示明确

或具体过去的

时间状语

1.He said,"Practice makes

perfect."

2.Nick said,"I was born in May

1978."

1.He said that practice makes perfect.

2.Nick said that he was born in May,1978.

时间地点状语如转述发生在

当地，当时的

事，come，here

today, this

morning ，

tomorrow等不

必变。

She said, "I'll come here this

evening."

She said that she would come here this

evening.

语法讲义四、定语从句

在复合句中，用一个由主谓结构的陈述句修饰某一个名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；引导从句的词叫关系词。（放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用；充当从句的某个成分；重复先行词的意义，故其数与先行词一致）

关系词先行

词从句成

分

例句备注

关系

who 人主语The boy who helped us is called Nick.

Do you like the kid who is crying?

Whom及that，

which在从句中

作宾语时，在口

语和非正式文体

中常可省，但介

词提前时，that whom 人宾语The girl whom I met looks like Lily.

I know the actor to whom you just talked.

that 人，

物

主语，

宾语

A plane is a machine that can fly.

I am not the fool that you thought me to be.

代词which 物主语，

宾语

This is a book which describes Canada.

The pen (which) you lent me is missing.

不能用，

whom,which不

可省。whose=of

whom指人；

whose=of which

指物

whose 人，

物

定语The room whose window is red is mine.

This is the scientist whose name is known all over the

world.

关系副词

when 时间

状语

Don't forget the time when we met her.

It happened on the day when I was out.

When可用in/on

which 代替where 地点This is the place where (= at/in which ) we lived last

year.

I recently went to the town where(=in which) I was

born.

where可用in、

at which 代替

why 原因The reason why(=for which) he didn't come was that he

missed his train.

why 可用for

which 代替

由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词之前如果带介词，可能出于以下三种情况之一：1.由于先行词的要求；2.由于从句某个关键

词的搭配；出于语意表达的需要。

类别语法意义及特征例句

介词位于关系词前关系词which,whom在定语从句

中作介词的宾语时，有时可将介

词前置放在它们前面

1.Mr. Li is the person from whom you should learn.

2.He built a telescope through which he could study the sky.

3.Knowledge is the wings with which we fly to the heavens.

介词位于从句有关动词之后关系词如果是作“动词+介词”固

定词组的宾语，这个介词一般不

拆开，仍放在动词的后面。

1.The baby (whom/who/that) the nurse looks after is healthy.

2.Is this the necklace (which /that) you are looking for?

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句用法的区别

类别语法意义及特征例句

限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，是先行词

不可或缺的定语，如去掉，主句的意思就会不完

整，不明确或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系

十分密切，书写时不用逗号分开。

1.I have found the key that I lost last week.

2.It happened at the time when I left.

3.The person(whom) you talked to has come

again.

非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，较

松散，从句只对先行词作附加的说明，如去掉，

主句的意思仍然清楚，这种从句和主句之间往往

用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，翻译时可译成

一个并列句。不能用that引导。

1.Abraham Lincoln, who led the USA through

these years,was shot on April 14,1865 at a theatre

in Washington D.C.

2.Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very

busy.

3.He lives in Boston, which is about five hours'

ride from here.

that 与Which，whom /who用法区别情况用法说明

Which 与that Whom 与that 可互用情况1.限制性定语从句中，先行词是物时，which,that两者可以互换

2.限制性定语从句中，先行词是人时，who/whom,that两者可以互换

只能用which,who/whom 的情况1.在非制性定语从句中，指物只能用which引导定语从句，which可以引导修饰整个主句的定语从句（代替前面主句），用who/whom指人。如：

She was awarded a gold medal,which the whole family considered a great honour.

只用that的情况1.all,everything,anything,nothing (something除外），little,much等不定代词作先行词时；

2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级以及first,last,only,very等修饰时；

3.当先行词既有人又有物时；

4.先行词被all,any,every,wach,few,little,no,some等修饰时；

5.先行词是who,which时；

6.在there, be 句型中；

7.介词提前；

8.在非限制性定语从句中

as 在定语从句中的用法

as 的用法 1.as可用作关系代词或关系副词，在所引导的限制性定语从句中，既可作主语、宾语，又可作状语。As多和such,the same连用，它代替的先行词既可以是人，又可以是物或整个句子。

2.在the same ...as 结构中，有时也有the same ...that，但两者句意不同。As表示“相似性”；

that表示“同一性”。

as 与who,which 的区别1.当先行词被so,as,such,the same所修饰时，关系代词用as;

2.As引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代后面整个主句，有“正如，好像”之意，其位置可以在主句前或主句后。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能在主句后，并无as所表之意。

3.Such作先行词的修饰语，关系代词只能用as.

习惯用法as anybody can see

as has been said before

as often happens

as mentioned above

as has been pointed out

as we all know/ as is known to us as is often the case

as as may be imagined

as is hoped

as is usual with sb

高中英语语法练习-动词的虚拟语气

一、基础练习

1. ---I’ve bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.

---Oh, how good a dad! But she doesn’t like sweet things, _____that?

A. Don’t you know

B. Haven’t you known

C. Didn’t you know

D. Hadn’t you known

2. ---Have you decided already?---Yes, I ____at once.

A. have decided

B. decided

C. will decide

D. had decided

3. Glad to see you back. How long _____in Russia?

A. did you stay

B. have you stayed

C. were you staying

D. have you been staying

4. He works in a factory now, but he _____ on a farm for 20 years.

A. worked

B. has worked

C. had worked

D. had been working

5. Where on earth have you been? We _____ you back much earlier.

A. were expecting

B. are expecting

C. had expected

D. expect

6. ---I beg your pardon!---Oh, you _____ to me carefully. (just now)

A. didn’t

B. haven’t listened

C. don’t listen

D. weren’t listening

7. ---Mr. White didn’t come last night, did he?---No. We ______ .

A. had waited

B. have been waiting

C. were waiting D, had been waiting

8. ---Could you take a message for Mr. Green?

---Certainly. I _____ him about something at any case, so it _____ may other.

A. may see; isn’t

B. see; won’t be

C. will see; isn’t

D. will be seeing; won’t be

9. ---Who is the old man talking with your teacher? ---I don’t know. I _____ him before.

A. was never seeing

B. had never seen

C. never saw

D. wouldn’t see

10. I can guess you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.

A. had worn

B. wore

C. are wearing

D. were wearing

11. Going out for tea with friends _____ increasingly popular during the past twenty years.

A. becomes

B. became

C. has become

D. had become

12. As far as we know, Tom spends at least as much time watching TV as he ______ .

A. does writing

B. writes

C. writing

D. does to write

13. ---I hope you enjoyed the film last night.

---How on earth do you know I went to a film? I ______ you.

A. won’t tell

B. didn’t

C. haven’t told

D. don’t tell

14. Turn off the tap please. The water _______ .

A. was wasted

B. wastes

C. is wasting

D. is wasted

15. ---I thought I asked you to fix the radio. ---Oh, I’m sorry. I ______ it right away.

A. am to do

B. will do

C. was about to do

D. am going to do.

16. ---The farmer president was caught at last. ---Really? Where _____ himself?

A. had hidden

B. has he hidden

C. was he hidden

D. has he been hiding

二、提高练习

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.

A. would be

B. would have been

C. were

D. may be

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were

B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be

D. If the captain would have been

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call

B. should not have been able

C. were not able

D. are not able

4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.

A. may get

B. might get

C. should have called

D. maybe get

5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave

B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave

D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was

B. Had been

C. Will be

D. Were

7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been

B. would have been

C. were

D. would be

8. ____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of

B. But for

C. Because of

D. As for

9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice

A. follow

B. would follow

C. had followed

D. have followed

10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.

A. would have won

B. won

C. must have won

D. did have won

11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there

B. should there be

C. there was

D. there having been

12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.

A. be

B. circles

C. is circling

D. be circling

13. I wish I ___________ with her.

A. would be

B. am

C. was

D. were

14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.

A. had not gone

B. have not gone

C. did not go

D. can not have gone

15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire

B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened

C. had he not had a flat tire

D. had the tire not flattened itself

16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their

B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her

D. had written any compositions for his

17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.

A. were

B. had been

C. is

D. has been

18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.

A. has been

B. was

C. is

D. had been

19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do

B. don’t

C. didn’t

D. didn’t do

20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.

A. will confirm

B. confirm

C. confirms

D. must confirm

21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.

A. will not have been achieved

B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved

D. had not been achieved

22. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.

A. were

B. had been

C. is

D. has been

23. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes

B. took

C. has taken

D. taking

24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has

B. will have

C. should have

D. must have

25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come

B. came

C. would have come

D. had come

26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.

A. would tell

B. will tell

C. have told

D. would have told

27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends

B. spent

C. would spend

D. will spend

28. It’s high time they____________ this road.

A. mend

B. mended

C. must have mended

D. will mend

29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.

A. take

B. took

C. have taken

D. will take

30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .

A. should fall behind

B. fell behind

C. may fall behind

D. would fall behind

31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.

A. worked

B. would work

C. work

D. were working

32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is

B. were

C. be

D. would be

33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.

A. she waits

B. she wait

C. wait she

D. she waited

34. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.

A. sing

B. singed

C. had signed

D. were signing

35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.

A. should send to

B. should be sent

C. be went to

D. must be sent to

36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent.

A. be raised

B. would be raised

C. raised

D. raise

37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.

A. obeys

B. obey

C. will obey

D. would obey

38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of

good to her.

A. takes

B. must take

C. take

D. took

39. If only I ________ driving before.

A. learn

B. learned

C. had learned

D. would learn

40. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.

A. If, didn’t leave

B. Had not, left

C. Hadn’t, left

D. Didn’t, leave

答案

一、1---5 CBAAC 6---10 DDDCC CABCBA

二、1 ~ 20: ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB

21 ~ 40: CDBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC