雅思阅读长难句简析

1 雅思阅读长难句简析 西安新东方 国外考试部 王鹏 雅思阅读考试的部分，在一个小时的时间里要求众多烤鸭们完成三篇800—1200词的文章阅读和题目解答，对于很多人来说，这个时间是不够进行完全阅读的。要最有效率地善用时间，拿到自己满意的分数，我们可以从两个方面入手： 一方面是技巧，知道如何依据题目给出的指向，去文章的什么地方寻找答案； 另一方面则是硬碰硬的速读能力，很快地扫描全文，然后挑拣出有用信息所在的句子。从长远角度来看，后者对于各位鸭鸭们更为重要，毕竟考到了满意的分数只是开始而非结束，去了自己心仪的学校以后还是要接受铺天盖地的英语材料轰炸。

英语的句式结构其实很简单：主谓宾和主系表。 主谓宾是“谁—干—什么”， 比如“羊吃草”。 “洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿

的青草” 一样也是主谓宾，只不过修饰成分多了些、显得唐僧了些而已。我们就要学会迅速地抓出句子的主干—也就是“羊吃草”的部分，至于其它的修饰部分可以先不过大脑。如果主干显示本句子中包含了解题信息的话，此时再去细细查看题目要问的细节信息也不迟。这样的抓主干技巧一旦熟练，要有充分的时间通读三篇文章、保证不遗漏任何信息地做题，也不是什么不可完成的任务了 IELTS的阅读部分有大量句型结构复杂、难以理解和把握的复杂句或难句。一般来说，这些句子有以下特点： 一、句子冗长，大多数句子由20个以上单词组成，很多句子超过40个单词 二、结构复杂，频繁使用并列复合句、多重复合句等复杂句式 三、大多是阅读考试的出题点，在阅读试题中常常有所涉及 简单句 对于难度较大的简单句，阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾，找出句子的主干，忽略其他的成分，将长句变成短句，将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。 例1：It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interest are opposed. 分析：句子的主语是it, 谓语是involves,三个动名词短语probing for deeply rooted concerns、devising creative solutions和making trade-offs and compromises作宾语。意思是说：它涉及了探究深层次的关注、想出更有创意的解决方案以及当利益发生冲突的时候，做出交易和妥协。 例2：Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person's identity infallibly are attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail. 分析：该句主语是automated techniques, 谓语是attract,宾语是attention, in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail在句子里起时间状语的作用。意思是说：在信用卡和电子邮件越来越多地被使用的今天，用来测量这些特性和确认人的身份的自动技术吸引了广泛的关注。 2

并列句 如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，最常见的并列连词有and,or 和but。最简单的方法就是将句子从并列连词处断开，将并列句变成两个或若干个相对短的句子，然后再用处理简单句的方法——抓句子主干，来依次处理每个相对短的句子。 例：Government has encouraged waste paper collecton and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. 分析：这个复合句可以从and处将句子分成两个相对较短的句子：and前面是一个简单句;and后面的句子有一个由that引导的定语从句，充当new recycling technologies的定语。意思是：政府鼓励了废纸的回收和分类计划，同时造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术作出了反应，这个回收技术为更大程度地利用已经使用过的纤维铺平了道路。

插入语结构 插入语一般是对句子的某个成分的解释或补充说明，前后有逗号与其他句子成分分开，比较容易识别。处理插入语的基本办法是先略去不读，直接跳过两个逗号之间的内容，使插入语结构前后意思顺畅。 例句1:To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless. 分析：该句中，as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners充当插入语，阅读句子时，可以先忽略这部分。意思是说：对不经意看到的人和有影响力的自然科学家、区域规划者来说，亚马逊地区的繁茂的森林似乎是永恒的。 例句2ver 120 years ago, the English botanist J.D. Hooker, writing of Australian edible plants, suggested that many of them were 'eatable but not worth eating'. 分析：此句中，两个逗号之间的内容即writing of Australian edible plants, 充当插入语。意思是说：120多年前，在写到澳大利亚可食用的植物时，英国植物学家J.D.Hooker就指出它们当中有很多可食用的，但却不值得食用。

倒装结构 在英语当中，主语和谓语有两种顺序：一种和汉语一致，即主语在前；另外一种顺序是谓语在主语前面，即倒装。阅读中一般会出现以not only等否定连词和never,seldom rarely, hardly等否定副词引导的倒装句。理解倒装句，就要把它转换成普通语句，把倒装语序还原为自然语序，在自然语序下理解句子。 例句1：In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict. 分析：该句中，not only...but also...引导了倒装句，把其中的句子换成正常语序就是：the interests of one party do not coincide with those of the other party.整句的意思是：在一个争论中，不仅一方的利益和另外一方不一致，而且它们是相互矛盾的。 例句2：Hardly had we arrived in Shanghai when it began to snow. 分析：此句是由hardly...when引导出了倒装，意思是：我们一到上海天就开始下雪。 3

1. There are examples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revived by later generations. (4A0201)

2. In New Zealand, classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language. (4A0201)

3. The former US policy of running Indian reservations schools in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. (4A0201) 4. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. (4A0201)

5. However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop. (3A0101) 6. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are. (4A0201)

7. In the Native American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying.(4A0201)

8. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one. (4A0403) 9. Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community’s total resources should be spent on health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and diabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective. (4A0403) 10. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining if they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. (4A0403) 11. The spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. (3A0202) 12. Animals at play often use unique signs—tail-wagging in dogs, for example—to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviour is not really in earnest. (4A0203) 13. A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. (5A0102) 14. How can we possily account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and