2023高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题讲和练——说明文(含解析)

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高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解(说明文)

高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解（说明文）一、阅读理解（共10题；共68分）( 8分) （2021高三上·长春月考）阅读理解In 1975, George Carlin appeared on a popular TV show, Saturday Night Live, with his famous words about blue food. “Why is there no blue food? I can't find blue food—I can't find the flavor of blue! I mean yellow is lemon; orange is orange and red is cherry. Where is the blue food? ”Well, Carlin pretty much has it right—there's not no blue food, but there's certainly not a lot of it.Fresh-picked blueberries are blue, though they become purple when they are turned into jam. The blue in blueberries—like the purple in grapes and the red in tomatoes—is found in nature. But it isn't a hot color for food. People don't seem to prefer blue food. Some diet programs even suggest that those determined to lose weight should make their food blue.Eating, in part, begins with our eyes. Charles Spence—an experimental psychologist from Oxford University—points out that color can change our taste experience. Commonly, we consider red-colored foods up to 20% sweeter than they actually are; and green foods as being more sour. Spence suggests: human expectations may be influenced by our long history of watching - green fruits can become sweet as they grow up and turn red.But what about blue? Except blueberries, much of the blue food we see these days is dyed blue artificially. Food producers argue that artificial color doesn't do much harm to health. A lot of research shows that some physical problems of kids are related to food dyes—while other studies show no effects at all. Blue birthday cake or even blue-dyed chicken can be served on the dinner table. So what?1 ( 2分) .George Carlin's words are placed at the beginning of the passage to _______.A. show the author's opinionB. introduce a TV showC. tell a famous personD. lead in the topic2 ( 2分) .Which of the following statements of blue is true?A. Blueberries are always blue, whether fresh or not.B. The blue in blueberries is found unnatural.C. Blue is not a very popular color for foods.D. People often feel cold when they eat blueberries.3 ( 2分) .Eating sometimes begins with our eyes because _______.A. our taste experience can be influenced by colorB. red-colored food are 20% sweeter than green foodC. people prefer red-colored food to green foodD. before eating, people watch food for a long time4 ( 2分) .The und erlined words “is dyed” in Para. 4 are closest in meaning to “_______”.A. is eaten upB. has grown upC. is changed in colorD. is harmful to( 6分) （2021高二上·杭州期中）阅读理解Many of the sports in ancient Egypt are still practiced today. In fact, many of the basic elements of sports, like rules and uniforms, were first used by Egyptians. The sports had important functions in society. Some were played for fun and fitness. Others were played to make stronger warriors(武士) and leaders.The first group of sports, mostly for fun was those like rowing, hunting, and the high jump. Hunting and fishing could be enjoyed by the kings and regular people. The same was for rowing. Rowing needed strength. Teams of people got into boats and followed the commands of a leader. He would give regular, sharp calls to tell them when to row. This technique is still used for rowing teams today. Another popular game was tug-of-war. This was a game where two teams had to pull each other over a line. If team fell forward, they lost. This game is still played today in the country.The second group of sports prepared people for the army and the temple. These included boxing, horse riding, running, and archery(箭术). They were ways to work on skills for fighting. They were also ways to work on mental and spiritual power. Running a marathon was a good example of this. The king would run to show he had the mental strength to guide his country. Hockey was another Egyptian game. Players held tree branches with a bent end, just like modern hockey sticks. They had to hit a ball made of leather that was brightly colored.These sports were a part of Egyptian culture. They kept the people happy and fit. The basic rules were created thousands of years ago. They are still seen in some forms today.5 ( 2分) .According to the passage, what was the purpose of sports?A. They could stop people from being angry at the king.B. They could stop people from working too much.C. They could keep people busy with no time to fight.D. They could keep people happy and in good shape.6 ( 2分) .What does the underlined word “sharp” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. clearB. hopefulC. keenD. energetic7 ( 2分) .Why does the author mention hockey in Paragraph 3?A. To explain how hockey is not fashionable.B. To state his opinion on ancient Egyptian games.C. To provide another example of an old game played today.D. To contrast its simplicity with the complexity of other games.( 6分) （2021高二上·宁波期中）阅读理解Researchers have watched Asian honey bees hunt for animal feces（粪便）, carry it home, and then apply it around the entrance to their nests. Their findings document the behavior for the first time."It turns out that by applying animal feces around colony entrances, Asian honey bees are able to stop giant hornets（大黄蜂）from their nest entrances. The hornets are less likely to try to break into the colonies by landing and chewing at their entrances in a multiple-hornet attack, which is the most deadly kind of hornet attack that honey bees experience," lead researcher Heather Mattila said.Called "fecal spotting", what the bees are doing is using a tool, researchers suggest. "Tool use is a controversial topic and the criteria to identify it have been defined and redefined many times over," Mattila says. "Across the majority of definitions, we look for an animal holding something, placing it with intentionality, and using it in a way that improves the function of the thing that the tool was applied to. This behavior of honey bees meets all of these criteria. "Mattila and her fellows have been studying Asian honey bees in Vietnam since 2013. They've done fieldwork watching colonies in wooden hives（蜂房）managed by local beekeepers. They cleaned the front of the hives and then tracked how the bees looked for animal feces to build up defenses against their hornet enemies.They found that giant hornets were much less likely to land on hive entrances or chew their way into the hives when there were more fecal spots around the entrances.Attacks by groups of giant hornets can sometimes wipe out entire colonies of honey bees so protective measures like these are key to survival. Interestingly, the animal feces keeps away the hornets, but the beesdon't have a problem picking it up or toting it around."At this point, we don't know why animal feces disgusts hornets but is attractive to bees," Matilla says. "It is definitely something that needs to be studied further."8 ( 2分) .Why do Asian honey bees take animal feces home?A. To build their nests.B. To set a trap for enemies.C. To cover nest entrances.D. To defend their nests.9 ( 2分) .What puzzles researchers in the study?A. What is the key to honey bees' survival.B. Why giant hornets hate feces while bees don't.C. How honey bees find animal feces.D. Why giant hornets attack honey bees.10 ( 2分) .What can be the best title for the passage?A. Honey Bees Are Cleverer than Giant HornetsB. Tool Using Skills Make Honey Bees Stand OutC. Honey Bees Use Various Ways to Defend HornetsD. Honey Bees Employ Tools to Fight Giant Hornets( 6分) （2021高三上·绍兴期中）阅读理解A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris ( 碎片) was launched Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a "servicer satellite" and a "client satellite" ( 客户卫星) that launched together. The mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth. The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for earth-bound life, including weather forecasting, telecommunications and GPS systems. The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere. The mission, which will be run from the U. K. , will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months.Space junk has been a growing problem for years as human-made objects such as old satellites and spacecraft parts build up in low Earth orbit until they decay, deorbit, explode or crash with other objects, breaking into smaller pieces of waste. According to a recent report by NASA, at least 26,000 of the millions of pieces of space junk are orbiting along at 17,500 mph, and they could "destroy a satellite on impact". More than 500,000 pieces are a "mission-ending threat" because of their ability to impact protective systems, fuel tanks and spacecraft cabins.The development of other cleanup technologies has been in progress for years. In 2016, Japan's space agency sent a 700-meter chain into space to try to slow down and redirect space junk. In 2018, a device called Remove Debris successfully cast a net around a copy satellite. The European Space Agency also plans to send a self-destructing robot into orbit in 2025, which the organization's former director general has referred to as a space "vacuum cleaner".These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space ventures like Space X continue to fill low Earth orbit with a huge number of satellites in a mess.11 ( 2分) .What is ELSA-d?A. A spacecraft aimed to remove space junk.B. A satellite sent up to save the GPS system.C. A program designed to prove the satellite's ability.D. A mission intended to send a client satellite into space.12 ( 2分) .It can be learned from the passage that .A. Remove Debris is regarded as a space "vacuum cleaner"B. space junk is a potential threat to the launch of spacecraftsC. the U. K. is the first country to develop cleanup technologyD. ELSA-d will make dead satellites burn up in the atmosphere13 ( 2分) .What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Cleanup Technologies Are Developing RapidlyB. Constant Missions to Explore Space in the FutureC. New Effort to Clean up Space Junk Reaches OrbitD. The Appeal for Solution to the Space Junk Problem( 6分) （2021高三上·绍兴期中）阅读理解The Chinese philosopher Confucius said long ago that "Music produces a kind of pleasure which human nature cannot do without." Playing a musical instrument has many benefits and can bring joy to you and everyone around you.A good musician knows that the quality of practice time is more valuable than the quantity. In order for a musician to progress quicker, he or she will learn how to organize his or her practice time and plan different challenges to work on, making efficient use of time. Thus, learning how to play an instrument helps you to learn how to be organized and to manage your time wisely.Team skills are a very important aspect of being successful in life. Playing an instrument boosts your teamwork skills as it requires you to work with others to make music. In band and orchestra settings, you must learn how to cooperate with the people around you. Furthermore, in order for a group to make beautiful music, each player and section must learn how to listen to each other and play together.Playing an instrument comes with its responsibilities. Maintenance and care are very important in keeping an instrument in good working condition. Each instrument has different procedures to keep it functioning properly. In addition to being responsible for maintaining one's instrument, there are other aspects such as remembering music events like rehearsals and performances, and making time for practice. Thus, learning an instrument increases your sense of responsibility.Playing music by yourself requires you to concentrate on things like pitch, rhythm, tempo and quality of sound. Playing in a group involves even more concentration because you must learn to not only hear yourself, but you must listen to all the other sections and play in harmony with the rest of the group. Therefore, learning a musical instrument sharpens your concentration skills.14 ( 2分) .The author quotes Confucius' words at the beginning to ▲.A. introduce the topic of playing musicB. arouse readers' interest in performing musicC. settle an argument over the effects of playing musicD. clarify a confusion in people's understanding of music15 ( 2分) .What can be learned about playing a musical instrument?A. The quantity of practice counts most in making progress.B. Taking care of an instrument requires concentration skills.C. Teamwork skills determine whether a group can play in harmony.D. Participation in music events develops one's memory and responsibility.16 ( 2分) .How does the author develop paragraph 5？A. By giving examples.B. By making a contrast.C. By offering analyses.D. By providing figures.( 8分) （2021高一上·台州期中）阅读理解People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you're wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms（体育馆）. Here, people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet.How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness（保护带）around your chest to hold you. There are ropes（绳索）tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall. A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it's easy to see the next piece of metal. Sometimes, it's not. The most difficult part is to control your fear. It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it's difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.Climbing attracts people because it's good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete training. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.17 ( 2分) .The word “training” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _____.A. excitement.B. tiredness.C. settlement.D. workout.18 ( 2分) .The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is________.A. to tie ropes to your harnessB. to control your fearC. to climb straight upD. to move away from the wall19 ( 2分) .Which of the following is true?A. It's easy for people not to feel fear while climbing.B. You have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb.C. To climb wall, you only need a harness around your chest to hold you.D. Climbing is good exercise for both your body and mind.20 ( 2分) .Why does the author write this passage?A. To introduce the sport of wall climbing.B. To encourage people to climb mountains.C. To prove the basic need for climbing.D. To tell people where to find gyms.( 6分) （2021高二上·浙江期中）阅读理解You're stuck in a sea of standstill traffic when it begins: hunger pangs, the kind that release a steady stream of fast food fantasizing. With your grumbling stomach growing louder, your options are limited: You can wait a few hours for the roadways to clear or leave your car idling (挂空挡) on the highway while you set off on foot (please don't do this).Now Burger King, is betting that hungry drivers will welcome a third option: a direct-to-driver delivery concept the company has labeled the "Traffic Jam Whooper." Reached by email, Gustavo Lauria, co-founder of the advertising agency We Believers, which developed the vehicle delivery concept, said the new approach allows the burger chain to gain advantage on a time of day in which the city's terrible traffic typically slows business. "This was an opportunity for Burger King to generate new profits out of those hungry drivers", Lauria added.Lauria claims Burger King is the first fast food brand to deliver food to people in the middle of a traffic jam. In Mexico City, the company said, delivery drivers are already receiving an average of 7, 000 orders per day, mostly to homes and offices. To make the traffic jam delivery process possible, Burger Kings Mexico app activates the service after identifying crowded areas in Mexico City during periods of high traffic. Customers can only place an order if the app determines that the driver will be locked in traffic for at least 30 minutes and they are within a 1. 8-mile distance of a Burger King restaurant, the company said.Early on, Lauria wrote, the act was met with disbelief. The challenges were complex: making sure real-time data of geographic location was accurate enough, and the creation of a hands-free way to take orders on cellphones in a country that has adopted serious punishment for drivers who use cellphones behind the wheel.Though the company did not offer a timeline, Burger King says it expects to roll out the Traffic Jam Whopper in other overcrowded cities, such as Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Shanghai.21 ( 2分) .What does the "Traffic Jam Whopper" (paragraph 2) refer to?A. A proposal intended to ease the traffic jam during peak hours.B. A practice which allows drivers to have food delivered directly to their cars.C. A platform which makes it convenient for drivers to order food via cellphones.D. An association monitoring whether drivers are observing traffic rules strictly.22 ( 2分) .Burger King is launching the Traffic Jam Whopper mainly to ____________.A. promote its business cultureB. make a shift in its sales patternC. achieve an increase in its profitD. popularize its business into more cities23 ( 2分) .What can be inferred from the passage?A. The Traffic Jam Whopper poses a threat to the safety of cyclists.B. Drivers will be allowed to type on their cellphones during traffic jams.C. Technological barriers may block the traffic jam delivery process.D. Drivers can instantly choose to activate Burger Kings app at will.( 8分) （2021高一上·浙江期中）阅读理解Physical education, or gym class, isn't required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn't offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly "yes".Today many people don't do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is extremely important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult.High school isn't that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student's studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school.The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity. Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don't get teens to move around, such as video games and computer activities, means many teens don't get their required exercise. Physical education classes act as a public health measure to encourage activities and help teens have healthy weights.Inactivity increases teens' risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes toward treating medical conditions that can be hindered by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine.According to the President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education.24 ( 2分) .According to Paragraph 3, what role does physical education in high school play?A. Helping teens learn to make good plans.B. Relieving the stress faced by teens at school.C. Making teens attach importance to exercise later.D. Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise.25 ( 2分) .What does the underlined word "hindered" in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Prevented.B. Measured.C. Worsened.D. Caused.26 ( 2分) .According to the PCFSN, doing sportsA. helps students make good use of all their time.B. helps students do better in their studiesC. means students fail in all their tests.D. means students don't concentrate on their studies.27 ( 2分) .What is the text mainly about?A. How high school students can live a happier life.B. How schools can help students love doing sports.C. Why some schools consider physical education important.D. Why high school students should receive physical education.( 8分) （2021高二上·浙江期中）阅读理解Carmakers. including BMW, Fiat. Chrysler and Peugeot, warmed that the worldwide semiconductor processor(半导体处理器) shortage will continue in 2021 and beyond. The shortage has affected both production and sales of automobiles.Automobiles have become increasingly dependent on processors. also known as chips. They are needed for computers to help engines with better fuel economy and assist drivers in emergency braking(刹车). Without a good supply of chips, carmakers have centered production on higher-profit models. The higher prices keep their businesses going even though they are selling fewer cars.Richard Palmer is the chief financial officer of Stellantis. The company sells cars under 14 brands including Fiat, Chrysler and Peugeot, He said the company did not expect chip supply to improve before the last three months of the year. That would mean a production loss of around 1.4 million vehicles for 2021.The German carmaker warned that there will be more problems during the second half of this year. “The longer the supply bottlenecks last, the more tense the situation is likely to become,” BMW chief financial officer Nicolas Peter said in a statement. “We expect production restrictions(限制) to continue in the second half of the year. Those restrictions will cause a lower number of sales,” he added.German chipmaker Infineon Technologies confirmed the shortage. The company said the latest wave of COVID-19 cases slows the production of materials in Asia. And the amounts of goods available have now hitall-time lows. Reinhard Ploss is the Chief Executive Officer of Infineon. He told economists that a sharp limit of supplies is hurting the recovery of worldwide car markets. He observed that “it will take time to get back” to a balance between supply and demand. “In our view, this will take until well into 2022,” he added.28 ( 2分) .How do carmakers deal with reduced sales?A. By improving production technology.B. By selling curs with lower fuel consumption.C. By offering better emergency braking systems.D. By producing high-priced cars,29 ( 2分) .Why does the author mention Richard Palmer and Nicolas Peter?A. To stress the seriousness of the present situation.B. To provide a solution to the reduced sales.C. To convey their expectation of the car production.D. To highlight the importance of chips for carmakers.30 ( 2分) .What's Reinhard Ploss' attitude towards car production and sales?A. Hopeful.B. Indifferent.C. Worried.D. Doubtful.31 ( 2分) .What is the best title of the passage?A. The Decline of Car Sales.B. Chip Shortage and its Influence.C. The Restrictions of Production.D. The Balance between Supply and Demand.( 6分) （2021高二上·浙江期中）阅读理解Being physically fit at age 18 is linked to a higher IQ, a new study finds. The researchers also show that fitness predicts greater educational and professional achievements later in life. Earlier studies have found links between physical fitness and intelligence(智力)in animals, children and older adults. But the relationship in young adults hasn't been clear.In the new study, researchers used data(数据)to examine over 1.2 million young men born in Sweden between 1950 and 1976. All the men had their physical fitness and intelligence assessed(评估) at age 18. The researchers compared this information to details of later achievements in academic(学术), social and economic aspects from other national databases and made some findings.Fitness in the 18-year-olds was strongly linked to scores on intelligence tests. "Being fit means that you have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen, '' says Dr. Michael Nilsson of the University of Gothenburg. "This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness." The researchers also found that fit teens were more likely to get a university degree later in life. Fitness at age 18 was also linked to landing better jobs, with higher pay or management responsibilities.The findings point to the importance of encouraging physical fitness in teens. "If so, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools," says Dr. Maria Aberg of the University of Gothernburg.32 ( 2分) .What is the new study about?A. The relationship among young adults.B. IQ differences between children and adults.C. Educational and professional achievements.D. Teenagers' physical health and intelligence.33 ( 2分) .How did the researchers make the findings?A. By comparing data.B. By listing some examples.C. By giving intelligence tests.D. By interviewing young men.34 ( 2分) .What do the findings of the research suggest?A. Similar researches should be made.B. Jobs with higher pay are hard to get.C. It's time to improve teenagers' intelligence.D. Physical education should be stressed in schools.答案解析部分一、阅读理解【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.C【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，科普环保类，说明文【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对科学实验结果和人们饮食习惯的分析，介绍了日常饮食中蓝色食物很少见的原因。

2023高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题对点讲练第4讲主旨大意题

Psychologist Susan Levine... found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills...
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities ...
... The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time ... and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls. ... What is the passage mainly about? A.A mathematical method. B.A scientific study C.A woman psychologist. D.A teaching program.
2. 段落大意题
2. 段落大意题
2021·新高考卷Ⅰ卷D篇 Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 34. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. B. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.

2025年高考英语二轮复习七选五阅读考点分类练(三) 代词线索类(含解析)

考点分类练(三)代词线索类Passage 1(2024湖南岳阳二模)Anger is the most destructive emotion.When in a temper,you make hasty ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret.You will also regret language spoken without thought.How to stop being angry 1Change your attitude to the way the world works.You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely.2Also,you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you,nor will they behave in the same way that you would in a given situation.The answer is to be a bit more flexible and loosen your hold on life.Don’t dismiss anger as a bad emotion.There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things.Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights in the USA.Gandhi was angry about British domination in India.3 Use anger to help you not prevent you.4Anger management used to be promoted as a way of dealing with anger,but all that happens is that the anger is held back.A much better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause.When trying to get to the root cause,be prepared to be honest with yourself.Once you know why you get mad,it is possibleto deal with the cause.Take positive steps to help you overcome feelings of anger.5Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes,and you will stop being angry.A.Stop trying to manage your anger.B.Try to control it when you get angry.C.Here are ways that you can counter the causes of anger.D.In conclusion,you must recognize that anger is something you can control.E.Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry.F.Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you frustrated and angry.G.They both used anger to motivate themselves to fight against what they saw as injustice.Passage 2(2024湖南张家界二模)It’s obvious that our society favors the outgoing personality,so being introverted(内向的) has always been seen as something that needs to be “fixed”.However,there is no fault in be ing introverted. 6Introverts have hidden powers.7While others are busy chatting,introverts observe things most people are unawareof.Sometimes we can even read people.While it may seem introverts are always zoned out,we’re actually analyzing and thinking of creative ideas to one day share with you.Introverts also keep the world balanced.In a world that can’t stop talking,the ability to listen to what each other has to say is an important virtue that will assist us in building peaceful relationships of understanding.8By listening to whatever people pour out,introverts help maintain the order of the world.Introverts can self-recharge.Though the outgoing may gain their energy through mixing in crowds,introverts are self-recharging powerhouses.9Their energy is found through loneliness.10In the noise of chatterboxes,their voices often get drowned out.There’s nothing more disappointing to an introvert than finally taking advantage of a moment to speak,only to be interrupted by the extroverts(外向者).While extroverts may speak every thought that comes to mind,an introvert will choose their thoughts carefully and only speak of the ones they think their best to share.So next time,all you have to do is to be willing to listen.A.Unluckily,introverts are faced with a big challenge.B.And this is exactly what our introverts are born with.C.Introverts have shown the potential to be great leaders.D.Extroverted people would have no one to listen to them.E.Instead,we should appreciate introverts for various reasons.F.They don’t need to constantly put themselves out there to be lively.G.Just because that we introverts don’t say much doesn’t always mean we’re clueless.Passage 3 (2024福建莆田二模)Almost everyone has felt something similar:wearing clothes we don’t li ke causes a general feeling of unease and discontent.This proves the fact that clothes have more than functions of protection or warmth in life.11As former fashion editor Caryn Franklin writes,“Fashion offers a dialogue rich with social and political me aning for those who want to unlock the language of clothes.”12We like or dislike certain colors because of the attributes or moods we associate with them.Those associations might be cultural.White,for example,is commonly associated with purity and innocence in Western cultures,whereas in China,people associate it with death and mourning.13The book The Little Prince offers a fictional example of the latter:The fox will love the sight of wheat,which had been meaningless to him,just because it will remind him of the color of the boy’s hair.As a result,associations can differ widely from person to person andculture to culture.Others might read into our outfits something different than we intend.14But as long as we are not wearing our clothes specifically to communicate certain qualities to others in a specific context (such as professionalism at a job interview),what others think of our clothes should be less important than what we think of them and why we choose to wear them.15A.Take colors,for instance.B.We ought to dress to benefit ourselves,not others.C.They also communicate something about the wearer.D.Thus,they will misunderstand our values and identity.E.Clothes have the psychological power to elevate our sense of self.F.Or we can form associations based on our personal experience and values.G.We might also associate certain fabrics with different qualities of character.Passage 4(2024河南濮阳一模)No matter how friendly your tone is or how honey-sweet you are in a conversation,when you start your sentences with one of these words (or both),the message to your recipient is “You are wrong.”16They are “No” and “But”.These words don’t say,“Let’s discuss this” or “I’d love to hear whatyou think about this” to people.They say,“You are wrong and I am right.” If your conversation companion is also eager to win at any cost,you will have a potential battle on your hands.The result 17 Are you interested in a little test to see how competitive your co-workers are Try this.For one week,keep a scorecard of how many times each person uses “No” or “But” to start a sentence.18 And,if you drill a little deeper,you’ll see patterns emerge.For instance,some people use these words to gain power.You’ll see how much people dislike it,consciously or not,and how it kills rather than opens up discussions.19Practically without even thinking,I keep count of their use of these two little words.It’s such an important indicator!If the numbers pile up in an initial meeting with a client.I’ll interrupt him or her and say,“We’ve been talking for almost an hour now,and do you realize that you have responded 17 times with either ‘No’ or ‘But’ ”Stop trying to defend your position and start monitoring how many times you begin remarks with “No” or “But”.20For example,“That’s true,but...” (Meaning:You don’t really think it’s true at all.) Another expression is “Yes,but...” (Meaning:Prepare to be contradicted.)A.Why do people like saying thisB.I use this technique with my clients.C.What are these conversation stopping wordsD.Nothing more can happen that will be productive.E.It’s human nature to like being accepted and recognized.F.You will be shocked at how frequently these words are used.G.Pay close attention to when you use these words in sentences.考点分类练(三)代词线索类（解析版）Passage 1(2024湖南岳阳二模)Anger is the most destructive emotion.When in a temper,you make hasty ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret.You will also regret language spoken without thought.How to stop being angry 1Change your attitude to the way the world works.You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely.2Also,you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you,nor will they behave in the same way that you would in a given situation.The answer is to be a bit more flexible and loosen your hold on life.Don’t dismiss anger as a bad emotion.There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things.Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights in the USA.Gandhi was angry about British domination in India.3Use anger to help you not prevent you.4Anger management used to be promoted as a way of dealing with anger,but all that happens is that the anger is held back.A much better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause.When trying to get to the root cause,be prepared to be honest with yourself.Once you know why you get mad,it is possible to deal with the cause.Take positive steps to help you overcome feelings of anger.5Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes,and you will stop being angry.A.Stop trying to manage your anger.B.Try to control it when you get angry.C.Here are ways that you can counter the causes of anger.D.In conclusion,you must recognize that anger is something you can control.E.Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry.F.Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you frustrated and angry.G.They both used anger to motivate themselves to fight against what they saw as injustice.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。

2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解题型分类练(一)细节理解题——直接信息类

阅读理解题型分类练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类A[2022·南昌市第一次模拟]JOURNEY BY STEAM THROUGH THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDSEnjoy Scotland's magnificent scenery as you travel on the famous Jacobite Steam Train.Steam locomotion has long been one of the most elegant and memorable ways to travel, and when mixed with the magnificent scenery of the Scottish Highlands it makes for a trip of a lifetime. On this wonderful fourday holiday you will ride on the famous Jacobite Steam Train from Fort William to Mallaig, a 42mile journey through spectacular scenery.Your trip starts near Ben Nevis, Britain's highest mountain, passes Loch Morar, its deepest freshwater lake, and the River Morar, and then finally arrives beside the deepest sea water lake in Europe—Loch Nevis. Robert McAIpine's 21arch Glenfinnan Viaduct, featured in Harry Potter films, is just one of the engineering wonders you'll see on the journey, which is made more enjoyable by the sound and fury of the steam train making its way along the Iron Road to the Isles.PriceFour days from $945 per person for TheTimes subscribers or from $1，045 per person for all the other readers.TheTimes subscribers save up to $200 per couple. Visit mytimesplus. co. uk to redeem (兑换) your code.Departure√27 September and 25 October, 2022Price includes√Return train tickets from London√Three nights' stay at the fourstar Stirling Highland Hotel√Breakfast every day√Visits to the Falkirk Wheel and Inveraray Castle and cruises on Loch Lomond and Loch KatrineCall today on 0808 291 3879 or visit thetimes. co. uk.1．How will people take the journey?A．By car. B．By train.C．By airplane. D．By steamboat.2．What can be learned about Glenfinnan Viaduct?A.It is the name of a steam train.B．It is the deepest sea water lake.C．It is shown in Harry Potter films.D．It is on the Britain's highest mountain.3．Which of the following is included in the price?A．Three meals every day.B．Visits to Inveraray Castle.C．Cruises on Loch Morar.D．Return flights from London.B[2022·南通市高三第一次调研测试]A special place to stay can make a holiday—but also break the bank.We have picked new affordable places across Europe for 150 a room a night or less.Scourie__HotelDoublesfrom129OpenedinOctober 2015This hotel has been adored by fishing fans for generations. When the Campbell family bought it, they updated it with gentle, stylish furnishings.There's a string of spectacular beaches to discover, including the Scourie Bay with golden sand.Ho36 HostelDoublesfrom109OpenedinDecember 2017This hotel offers the rarest of things—ski accommodation that is both affordable and stylish. Guests can ski or snowboard from the front door. There are two lively bars with live music and regular DJ nights, a restaurant serving hearty Alpine meals and film nights.Conscious__Hotel__WesterparkDoublesfrom120OpenedinApril 2016This hotel by Dutch sustainable brand Conscious is the first powered entirely by wind. The restaurant is fully organic and the bedrooms simple with contemporary elements. The hotel overlooks the Westerpark, one of Amsterdam's biggest green spaces.Dock__HotelDoublesfrom150OpenedinMay 2014This large hotel on the Baltic coast is made from shipping containers. The industrial theme continues inside, with concrete walls, exposed pipes, and more containers. The hotel is 12 minutes' walk from the beach.4．Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?A．Scourie Hotel.B．Ho36 Hostel.C．Conscious Hotel Westerpark.D．Dock Hotel.5．What is special about Conscious Hotel Westerpark?A．It is oldfashioned.B．It has the longest history.C．It is environmentfriendly.D．It offers the biggest green space.6．What can the guests of Scourie Hotel and Dock Hotel do?A．Update the furniture.B．Walk on the beach.C．Appreciate architecture.D．Visit industrial fairs.C[2022·武汉市武昌区高三质量检测]Do you want to level up your maskwearing while also looking like you're about to battle with Batman? This is lifewearing Razer Zephyr, a wearable air purifier.A version of Razer's latest appliance made waves in January during the Consumer Electronics Show.It's no surprise that tech companies are considering a leap beyond cloth and surgical masks that have come to define the COVID19 pandemic. It has a hard shell with two belts to fit onto your head. There are two air exchange chambers (腔) on the front, featuring double circulating fans to help circulate cool air. The chambers feature N5 filters (过滤器) providing twoway protection for you and those around you. It's also transparent (透明的) with inside lights and an ant ifog coating to help solve one of the key issues with maskwearing: watching mouths move when you speak.Good as the mask appears, will it protect you from COVID19? According to Razer, the mask is registered with the Food and Drug Administration and lab tested for 99% BFE, or Bacterial Filtration Efficiency, a measure of how well it filters out bacteria. “It is not tested specifically against the COVID19 virus, but offers the same functionality and adequate protection due to its 99% BFE rating，” Razer's website says.There's also the financial cost to consider. The mask itself is $99, and Razer sells a pack of 10 sets of N95 filters for $30. By comparison, a quick search for surgical masks on a shopping website turned up a box of 50 masks for between $11－$14.“I've tried out the $99 Zephyr for roughly a week now. Wearing the Zephyr feels comfortable. The adjustable head straps (带) allow for the ideal fit. Above all, it feels breathable thanks to the air circulating through its fans，” one commentedon the shopping website.7．Why is the Zephyr made transparent?A．To fix lights inside.B．To circulate cool air.C．To test the antifog coating.D．To expose mouth movement.8．What can be inferred from the third paragraph about the Zephyr?A．It's officially approved.B．It's highly rated by consumers.C．It's specially designed against COVID19.D．It's adequately protective against all viruses.9．What probably appeal(s) to the buyer most according to the comment?A．Its adjustable fans.B．Its air circulating system.C．Its comfortable head straps.D．Its high but reasonable price.10．What is the best title for the passage?A．An Innovative Mask Makes a HitB．Surgical Masks Are Being ImprovedC．Wearable Technology Changes Our LifeD．A New Treatment for COVID19 Is on the Way阅读理解题型分类练(一)A语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化——乘坐蒸汽火车到苏格兰旅行1．答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。

高考英语二轮总复习专题训练专题十三说明文(含解析)

专题十三说明文A(2014·安徽蚌埠第三次质检)In Britain,people have different attitudes to the police.Most people generally 1them and the job they do—although there are certain people who do not believe that the police 2 have the power that they do.What does a policeman actually do?It is not 3job to describe.After all,a policeman has a number of jobs in 4.A policeman often has to control traffic,either 5foot in the center of a town,or in a police car on the roads.Indeed,in Britain,he might be in the Traffic Police and spend all,or a lot of,his time 6up and down main roads and motorways(高速公路).A traffic policeman has to help keep the traffic moving,stop 7drivers and help when there is an accident.A policeman has to help keep the 8,too.If there is a fight or some other disturbance,we 9 the police to come and restore(恢复) order.And they often have to 10the situation at great risk to their own 11.We expect the police to solve crimes,of course,so an ordinary policeman,12he is not a detective,will often have to help 13and arrest criminals.And 14do well when there is an emergency—an air crash,a 15,a road accident,or a robbery?We call the police.16 a policeman has to be 17to face any unpleasant emergency that may happen in the 18world.The police do an absolutely necessary job.They do it 19well and I support them,but I do not envy policemen.I do not think that I could 20do the job of a policeman.1.A.dislike B.join C.appreciate D.admire2.A.should B.would C.could D.must3.A.a funny B.a pleasantC.an interestingD.an easy4.A.it B.one C.him D.them5.A.on B.by C.under D.with6.A.walking B.driving C.wandering D.running7.A.rested B.tiring C.speeding D.waken8.A.peace B.silence C.situation D.condition9.A.wait for B.see C.think of D.expect10.A.turn to B.avoid C.deal with D.treat11.A.safety B.families C.future D.friends12.A.although B.as if C.however D.even if13.A.get rid of B.question C.look for D.sentence14.A.how B.where C.what D.who15.A. power failure B.fireC.thunderstormD.thief16.A.Yet B.Then C.As D.So17.A.provided B.promised C.prepared D.presented18.A.future B.modern C.real D.past19.A.extremely B.speciallyC.surprisinglyD.particularly20.A.hardly B.forever C.ever D.neverB(2014·河北保定二模)In America,if you are invited to a wedding,baby shower,bar mitzvah(成年礼)or other celebrations,you’re 1to bring a ually,it should be modest in 2,about $25.For a wedding,the bride will often have “registered” a 3of gifts at a local department store,indicating the items she 4.When you buy a registered item,tell the store that you’re doing this,so the couple doesn’t receive the 5gift twice.For a baby shower,bring a gift 6 for a newborn baby.For a bar mitzvah,bring a gift appropriate for a 13-year-old boy.7they are such important occasions,gifts for bar mitzvahs tend to be more 8,for example,a gold-plated pen.9the pen by carving the boy’s full name will be appreciated.If you wish to give a gift to American friends,choose something that is 10to your country.It needn’t be valuable or 11,just typical of your homeland.12include a book about your country,an inexpensive souvenir,or something else that reflects your 13.Young children who like collecting will probably be very 14with a set of your co untry’s coins or stamps.Items that are 15in your country but difficult to find abroad are also good.If 16with an American family,a good way of expressing your thanks is to take them to a form of 17,such as a basketball game or a concert.When gi ving gifts to a business acquaintance,don’t give anything too 18,especially to a woman.A scarf or a hat is OK,but other types of 19are not.Something appropriate for the 20is best.1.A.invited B.called C.expected D.thought2.A.appearance B.value C.weight D.size3.A.list B.line C.number D.pack4.A.prefers B.owns es D.imagines5.A.little B.good C.similar D.same6.A.demanding B.suitableC.cheap D.expensive7.A.Although B.Because C.When D.Therefore8.A.modest B.cheerful C.normal D.formal9.A.Personalizing B.ReplacingC.MakingD.Changing10.A.convenient B.appropriateC.uniqueD.beneficial11.A.colorful B.rare C.priceless D.nice12.A.Opportunities B.ExpectationsC.InventionsD.Possibilities13.A.character B.interest C.culture D.progress14.A.annoyed B.impressed C.disappointed D.puzzled15.A.limited eful mon D.special16.A.arguing B.departing C.meeting D.stayingcation B.discussionC.exerciseD.entertainment18.A.heavy B.simpleC.personalD.professional19.A.clothing B.fortune C.jewelry D.equipment20.A.office B.home C.fun D.date##A1.C根据破折号后面的解释可知,此处表示大部分人总体上是“感激(appreciate)”警察及他们的工作的。

新高考英语二轮复习攻破新题：阅读理解之说明文(2

新高考英语二轮复习攻破新题阅读理解之说明文（2.5分）02：模拟训练距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【模拟试题1】(2022·浙江强基联盟联考)The tornadoes that recently struck the U.S. are some of the most destructive and deadly in history. The death in Kentucky, the hardest hit state, reached 80 on Monday, with dozens still unaccounted for. The scale of destruction and timing of the tornadoes so late in the year — most tornadoes occur in the spring and summer — is fueling discussion about how climate change may have influenced this deadly disaster.“In my 40years as a meteorologist, this was one of the most shocking weather events I’ve ever witnessed,” says Jeff Masters, at Yale Climate Connections. “Watching these storms on Friday night, my thought was, ‘Is no season safe?’ Extreme tornadoes in December. Th at wasmind blowing to me.”Unlike heat waves and floods, the link between a warming world and tornadoes is complex and uncertain. Scientists have several theories about how tornado behavior may change. Tornadoes in December are possible. But it remains to be seen whether climate change will strengthen or increase the frequency of tornadoes.According to NOAA’s data, there has been a recorded increase in the number of observed tornadoes since 1950, which experts believe is largely due to better technology such as Doppler radar. There’s been no observed increase in the frequency of major tornadoes over time. For example, 59 of the most severe F5 tornadoes in the U.S. have occurred since 1950. But if the storm that destroyed Kentucky turns out to have been an F5, it will have been the first since 2013 — bringing to an end the longest recorded period so far.Nevertheless, “given the general influence of global warming on the atmosphere, it makes sense that it should be having an impact on tornadoes too,” says Vi ctor Gensini, an extreme weather expert at Northern Illinois University. “Instead of asking: ‘Did climate change cause this tornado?’ It’s better to operate under the assumption that climate change did play a role,” he says.While the science on climate ch ange and tornadoes isn’t clear, meteorologists are predicting that conditions benefiting tornadoes will continue this month. “I’m worried about the rest of the year to be honest. I don’t think we’re out of the woods yet.” Gensini says.28. What is one difference between the recent tornadoes and the ones in the past?A. They hit only Kentucky.B. They happened in December.C. They caused no deaths.D. They caught people unprepared.29. What can be inferred in paragraph 3?A. Waves and floods often follow tornadoes.B. There is an agreement on how tornadoes may change.C. Climate change will make tornadoes the most deadly disaster.D. Scientists are unsure about how climate change influences tornadoes.30. Which statement may Victor Gensini agree with?A. The climate change most likely has an effect on tornadoes.B. The tornadoes have nothing to do with climate warming.C. The science on climate change is advancing very quickly.D. The climate change will make tornadoes much less frequent.【答案】28 B 29. D 30. A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读专练九(全国通用)(含答案)

2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读专练九（全国通用）ASnorkelling in SilfraThe clear water at this UNESCO world heritage(遗产) site in Thingvellir National Park will leave you speechless. It is one of the highest rated dive sites in the world. During this journey, you will snorkel within a crack between the Eurasian and American continents. You’ll experience truly amazing views of the colorful underwater landscape, marine life(海洋生物), and geological formations. Silfra’s water is fresh and drinkable at around 2°C -- 4°C all year round. Visibility can reach more than 100 meters, and swimming often feels more like flying.This trip is for anyone who knows how to swim and is up for a unique adventure. We offer transportation with a pick-up in Reykjavik, and provide you with a dry suit. The total length of the tour is approximately five hours, and includes in-water snorkelling lasting around 30 minutes. We’ll guide you through the main Silfra Big Crack, Silfra Hall, Silfra Cathedral and Silfra Lagoon.Included:★ All necessary snorkeling equipment;★ Hot drinks and food;★ Silfra entrance fee of 1,000 ISK.Availability: All year at 09:00 and 15:00. Pick-up in one hour before.Requirements:Participants need to complete the Silfra medical statement before the tour.Divers must:★ Be at least 18 years old (young people under 18 years old need a signature from their legal guardian), and the maximum age is 65 years old;★ Be able to communicate in English.★ Be physically fit;★ Not be pregnant;★ Not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs;★ Sign a medical form.1. What will be offered to you if you take this trip?A. Cold drinks.B. Two dry suits.C. Round-trip air tickets.D. Equipment for snorkeling.2. When is the earliest pick-up time every day?A. 07:00.B. 08:00.C. 09:00.D. 14:00.3. To participate in the trip, one must ____.A. be over 18 years old.B. be under 66 years old.C. have the support of parents.D. have a high level of ability in English.BOn February 3rd，1949，New York Harbor（港）was an exciting place．Many people were there to greet a ship from France．On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars（火车车厢）filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of America．These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train（Merci：a French word meaning “thank you”）．After World War II（二战），a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been destroyed．Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little to eat．In the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United States，stopping in cities and towns along the way．At every stop，people gave whatever they could．Factories gave clothing and medicine．Farmers gave food．Families gave money．Even school children gave away their pocket money．All the things were then taken to France by ship．By 1949，the French had begun to recover（恢复）from the war．The Merci Train was their way of saying “thank you” to America．French people had filled the boxcars with gifts．Most of them were personal，like hand - made toys，children’s drawings，or postcards．But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts．On each car，the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces．with an American eagle on the front．The boxcars were taken to each stateof America，where they were warmly greeted．Now many of the states still keep their boxcars．Gifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museums．The Merci Train came out of the war，but it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace．4．Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd，1949 to ．A．have a big party B．meet their familiesC．welcome the Merci Train D．start a trip by ship5．In 1947，a train stopped in cities across America in order to ．A．collect things to help French peopleB．get more soldiers for the warC．give away clothing and foodD．show exhibitions from the museums6．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to ．A．the American people B．the gifts C．the boxcars D．the French people7．The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar because ．A．they thought France was stronger than AmericaB．they were very good at painting picturesC．the boxcars would be more beautifulD．it could show the friendship between the two countries8．The passage is mainly about ．A．World War IIB．American museums where the boxcars keptC．gifts that American people likedD．the story of the Merci TrainCIt is not unusual to see your deskmate yawn (打呵欠) as he complains that he didn’t have a good sleep the night before. Many teens don’t get enough sleep because they have too much homework，which keeps them up at night. Some teens cannotsleep at night even when they want to.Studies show that during your teenage years，the body’s biological clock is reset，telling you to sleep later at night and wake up later in the morning.But changes in the body clock aren’t the only reason teens lose sleep. Lots of people have insomnia．They can’t go to sleep easily or get enough sleep. The most common cause of insomnia is stress. But all sorts of things can lead to insomnia. These include physical discomfort, emotional troubles and even sleeping environment. It’s common for everyone to have insomnia from time to time. But if it lasts for a month or more ,go and see a doctor.Some people have a condition that causes stomach acid (酸) to move backward towards the chest. This produces the uncomfortable, burning feeling called heartburn. So even if the person doesn’t notice the feelings of heartburn because he is sleeping，he may feel tired the next day.Most teens have nightmares sometimes. But，if they are frequent，a person’s sleep pattern can be seriously affected. The most common cause of nightmares is emotional problems，such as stress (压力) or anxiety. If you have them a lot，it’s a good idea to talk to a doctor.Doctors encourage teens to make lifestyle changes to develop good sleeping habits. You probably know that coffee can keep you awake，but did you know that playing video games or watching TV does the same?9. What does the underlined word “insomnia” in paragraph 3 mean?A. A kind of disease that prevents people from sleeping well.B. A kind of dream that makes people afraid.C. A kind of study that deals with people’s sleeping problems.D. A. kind of life style that allows people to sleep late.10. The teenagers’ biological clock ________.A. is the origin of their insomniaB. easily makes teenagers lead to insomniaC. provides them with plenty of time at nightD. is helpful to improve their concentration11. What does the writer say about “nightmares”？A. It is nothing and shouldn’t be taken seriously.B. It can release their stress or anxiety.C. Emotional problems might contribute to nightmares.D. People will suffer from nightmares if they sleep early.12. Which way can help to get rid of insomnia?A. Drinking some coffee before going to bed.B. Playing video games or watching TV often.C. Turning to a doctor for help.D. Eating much medicine for insomnia.13. The passage mainly talks about________.A. how to get good sleepB. causes of nightmaresC. how to treat insomniaD. sleeping problems with teenagers参考答案：1-3DBB 4-8CABDD 9-13 BABCCD。

统考版2023高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解题型分类练二细节理解题__间接信息类

阅读理解题型分类练(二) 细节理解题——间接信息类A[2022·石家庄市高中毕业质量检测(一)]Guided Tours in the British MuseumAround the world in a 70minute tourExplore some of the most famous objects on display at the Museum. See the details of the characterful Lewis Chessmen, surprise yourself at the ancient texts on the worldfamous Rosetta Stone and get closer to more highlights from the collection.Time：11：30－12：40, 14：00－15：10, 18 Mar.2022－29 May 2022Price：￡14 (Adults and children aged 12＋)Life and death in ancient EgyptDiscover how people lived and died in ancient Egypt, and explore their hopes for the life after death. From statues and models of daily life to wall paintings, investigate what tombs and burial goods tell us about the lives of ancient Egyptians.Time：9：00－10：00, 19 Mar. 2022－18 Dec. 2022Price：￡33; ￡30 (Students, disabled visitors); ￡16.50 (Children aged 5－15); Free for children under 5An introduction to ChinaGain an insight into the development of the Chinese history and culture from 5000 BC to the present day. Appreciate the exhibits featuring Tang dynasty tomb figures and Ming dynasty blueandwhite porcelain.Time：9：00－10：00, 19 Mar. 2022－17 Dec. 2022Price：￡33; ￡30 (Students, disabled visitors); ￡16.50 (Children aged 5－15); Free for children under 5An introduction to the ancient Greek worldStart from the rise of the Greek city states to the empire of Alexander the Great. Enjoy some of the highlights of the collection, including sculptures from the Parthenon and the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus—one of the Seven Wonders of the World.Time：9：00－10：00, 17 Mar. 2022－26 Jun. 2022Price：￡33; ￡30 (Students, disabled visitors); ￡16.50 (Children aged 5－15); Free for children under 51．When can you see the Rosetta Stone?A．At 9：30, 15 Feb.B．At 11：30, 26 May.C．At 12：00, 6 Jun.D．At 12：30，17 Dec.2．What can people do in the tour of Life and death in ancient Egypt?A．Explore ancient tombs and burial goods.B．Witness the development of the country.C．Visit famous galleries of the country.D．Appreciate sculptures from the Parthenon.3．How much should a couple with a child aged 6 pay for An introduction to China?A．￡33. B．￡49.5.C．￡66. D．￡82.5.B[2022·甘肃省第二次高考诊断考试]The most popular martial arts (武术) today originated in Asia, especially in China. Many martial arts were invented because people needed to defend themselves or protect others. Nowadays, people learn martial arts as a way of keeping fit or as a competitive sport, but they are still very useful for selfdefense.Martial arts are often referred to as either the soft ones or the hard ones. These terms imply a way of dealing with your opponent's force. Soft martial arts, such as tai chi, teach you to use your opponent's force to defend yourself. Soft styles allow you to use flowing movements and timing to avoid your opponent's attacks. These martial arts are soft for the defender but not for the attacker! On the other hand, hard styles such as kung fu, teach you to defend yourself using force.Techniques involve blocking, posturing, powerful hitting and kicking. Hard martial arts techniques are more effective if you are more skillful, more powerful and faster than your opponent.Perhaps one of the best known Japanese martial arts today is karate. But did you know that its roots are derived from Fujian Province? In the 4th century, a community of Chinese migrants from Fujian settled in what was then the kingdom of Okinawa. The Chinese migrants used to gather in a park to enjoy cultural activities—one of which was kung fu. This soon caught the attention of local youths, who started learning kung fu from their Chinese neighbours.In fact, Chinese influence in martial arts was not limited to kung fu. The very first Korean military training guidebook was based on a Chinese version. During the Japanese invasion of Korea in the 16th century, the Korean army needed an effective way to train a large number of troops. They adopted a training methodology (方法) from a Chinese military book called Ji Xiao Xin Shu, written by the famous Chinese general Qi Jiguang.4．Why did people invent martial arts?A．For keeping fit.B．For selfdefense.C．For competition.D．For attacking others.5．Which is the character of soft martial arts?A．Using violence to attack others.B．Attacking your opponent's weakness.C．Using smooth action to defend yourself from damage.D．Defending yourself with powerful hitting and kicking.6．Who spread karate?A．The Chinese army.B．The Korean military.C．Japanese troops.D．Chinese migrants.7．Why did the Korean army adopt a training methodology from Ji Xiao Xin Shu?A．To train soldiers.B．To keep soldiers fit.C．To attend cultural activities.D．To show admiration for Qi Jiguang.C[2022·云南省第一次高三检测]Italy's cheap old homes continue to appeal to hundreds of interested buyers, among whom was Roy Patrick, a British who deals in antiques in Italy. Patrick bought an old schoolhouse in the mountain village of Carrega Ligure for $16，500. It's both an adventure and a joy.Patrick bought the property quite by accident. When told about the wonders of the village, he toured there to take a look and was instantly struck by the 1930s school building. “The house is very special and the view is unique—the way the sun goes down over the mountains, you'd say‘wow'. It's a fantastic wonderland，” says Patrick.The property was offloaded by the local government to boost the populations of communities in decline. Since the purchase, he's been visiting every two weeks and finds it has many charms. “Top of the list is the friendliness of the local residents, followed by the breathtaking views I get out of the windows looking across the valley，” he adds.Patrick's initial encounter with his new home was less than promising. He had to climb through a window to open up the building, which had been shut for decades and whose door was jammed, with the keys nowhere to be found.However, a later structural disaster turned into a positive story. When an unstable chimney collapsed due to a heavy snow, a neighbor volunteered to climb onto his roof to make it safe. The locals are so welcoming that they are ready to help newcomers.During the restoration needed to make the old school habitable, Patrick unexpectedly unearthed a great many treasures: dusty piles of old textbooks,inkwells, pupil registers and other historical items.Patrick has some advice for those with the thought of buying a house in Carrega Ligure: There is absolutely nothing, just great views, pure air and clean surroundings. There are no bars, supermarkets, or restaurants. A vehicle is essential to move around. However, Carrega Ligure does spring to life in the summer when vacationers arrive to relax. “There are nights when people throw a party with loud music，” says Patrick.“Otherwise it's just singing birds and total silence.”8．What led to Patrick's purchase of the old schoolhouse?A．The locals' friendly attitude.B．Its location and rising value.C．Its uniqueness and surroundings.D．The government's housing welfare.9．What was the government's intention of selling the property?A．To attract more settlers.B．To boost local tourism.C．To preserve village traditions.D．To reform the education system.10．What's one of Patrick's added bonuses of getting the house?A．Acquiring more personal space.B．Digging up some historical finds.C．Enjoying a more active social life.D．Getting free home decoration service.11．How does it feel most of the time living in Carrega Ligure?A．Quiet. B．Lively.C．Modern. D．Convenient.[答题区]阅读理解题型分类练(二)A语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会——旅游广告——大英博物馆导览旅行1．答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。

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2023高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题说明文说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。

它通过对实体事物进行科学的解说，对客观事物作出说明或对抽象事理进行阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有科学的认识，从而获得有关知识。

考情分析说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。

在高考英语阅读理解中，说明文所占比重尤为突出。

它既要求考生能熟练运用词汇和语法知识、理解文章语句、把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式。

即便是细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断。

通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化。

二、文体特点与阅读策略1. 语言特点：阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。

说明文因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。

结构特点：说明文的特点是客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。

说明文通常采用以下结构形式：（1）总分式。

事物说明文常用“总－分”式、“总－分－总”式和“分－总”式结构，完整的“总－分－总”式说明文先总体概括，再分说，最后再总结。

（2）递进式。

事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。

（3）并列式。

文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。

（4）对照式。

通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。

不管采用何种方式行文，说明文基本上都会遵循“首段引入所要说明的话题，其他部分采用并列式段落或递进式段落对其进行说明”这一规律。

3. 备考误区（1）阅读方法错误。

比如用手指划着读或者边读边译都会减慢应有的阅读速度。

此外，遇到新词马上停下去查词典，这不利于培养独立思考和解决问题的能力，也不利于提高利用构词法知识和根据上下文语境猜测词义的能力。

（2）基础知识不牢固。

词汇量不足和缺乏语法、句法知识致使考生理解长句和难句的能力不强，比如对于新课标中的生僻词汇、一词多义、熟词生义以及派生词、合成词等不了解，导致无法理解文意。

针对这个问题，考生平时要有目的地积累和总结。

答完题后重读文章，找出做题过程中经常影响阅读的单词，将其积累到笔记本中，利用零碎时间加强记忆。

4. 阅读策略说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法有技巧地去阅读。

一般我们采用的方法有三个：细读、略读和跳读。

（1）细读重点。

重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句。

以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。

宏观方面：文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。

微观方面：有转折处；重要标点；句子主干。

（2）有选择地略读或跳读。

在快速浏览了题干，初步把握了文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文。

在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括：①繁琐的例证。

为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但需要读者花很多时间去阅读。

如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。

②并列多项列举。

有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读。

③无关大局的生僻词汇。

阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。

④较长的人名、地名。

有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。

在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查看费时费力。

三、实战演练【原创试题（一）】For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be essential. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in lunar soil.The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” expl ained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.”While previous studies have dusted plants with lunar soil to test for organisms, until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in lunar soil What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse Could we have lunar farmers ”Professor Ferl questioned.To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in lunar soil, add water, nutrients, and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that simulate Martian soils. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.Growing plants in lunar soils may also change the moon itself, according to Dr Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place,” he said. “How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants ” The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.1. What does Ferl think of the findingsA. They benefit the next generation of lunar explorers.B. They turn the moon into a perfect launching platform.C. They are a good starting point to explore space.D. They bring hope for the future agriculture.2. Why did researchers use thale cress in the experimentA. Its genes are suitable for lunar soil.B. It has a long evolutionary history.C. It has been dusted with lunar soil before.D. People have a good knowledge of its genes.3. What did researchers find about the plants grown in lunar soilA. They absorbed few nutrients.B. They grew slowly in the dark.C. They didn’t grow well enough.D. They needed more water to grow bigger.4. What is the best title for the textA. Scientists Hope to Collect More Lunar SoilB. Scientists Conduct a Study on Lunar SoilC. Scientists Prepare for Farming on the MoonD. Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil Successfully【原创试题（二）】Handing power tools over to young students could result in some disastrous situations. But if those tools are combined with effective management and teaching, the students can learn valuable new skills and might even find a new career path.Margery Goldberg had long dreamed of creating a mobile woodshop to assist students. That dream finally came true in 2020,when the city gave her a large grant for the program. It includes a woodshop, completely housed inside a truck, that acts as a kind of “classroom on wheels”.The program is currently based at Ballou STAY Opportunity Academy in Washington, D.C. Students at Ballou can learn the same skills as a beginning carpenter would. These include cutting, marking, measuring, nailing and how to use different tools. The class textbook provides step-by-step instructions on how to make things from simple wooden birdhouses to more complex wooden containers and objects. The truck is equipped with all the instructional materials and tools necessary to operate as a complete mobile classroom. Mobile workstations are also available so students can work on projects outside the truck.Ryan is a student at the mobile woodshop. Before entering the class, he had some experience of working with wood and tools. “That’s why I started in the class, because I like working with my hands and I already knew how to work with electrical tools,” Ryan said. “I wanted to give myself a chance to get bette r at it. I can also sell some of this stuff and make some money.”One study from the Home Builders Institute found that 2.2 million jobs will be needed by 2024 to keep up with building demand. And, the U.S. Bureau for Labor Statistics estimates that more than 89,000openings for carpenters will be created each year in the U.S. over the next 10 years.Goldberg believes woodshop programs can help prepare the next generation of woodworkers. She said the class at Ballou seeks “to help some people who wouldn’t h ave the chance to even get into the apprenticeship program, and give them a leg up.” That, she added, can “hopefully help them with a better future”.1. What do we know about the woodshop at BallouA. Its truck is suitable for any school project.B. Its textbooks have detailed math knowledge.C. Students learn basic woodworking skills there.D. Learners there are taught to be beginning carpenters.2. Why did Ryan enter the class at BallouA. To experience working with wood.B. To learn how to use electrical tools.C. To make a living from woodworking.D. To improve his skills of woodworking.3. What can we infer from the fifth paragraphA. More building workers will lose their jobs.B. Building-related jobs are in high demand.C. There will be 2.2 million woodworkers by 2024.D. Carpenters will be the best job in the next 10 years.4. What does the underlined phrase “give them a leg up” in the last paragraph meanA. Learn all by themselves.B. Build up their confidence.C. Help them stand up.D. Improve their situation.【真题链接：2022新高考I卷】Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus onA. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to producelabiodentalsA. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open and close their lips easily.C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.34. What is paragraph 5 mainly aboutA. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech soundsA. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.【真题链接：2022新高考II卷】Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be gettingworse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted (分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”“Big change requires big ideas,” h e said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.“We need something on the books that can change people’sbeh avior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands onthe cell phone.”28. Which of the following best descri bes the ban on drivers’ texting in the USA. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.C. Inconsistent.D. Unfair.29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find outA. Where a driver came from.B. Whether a driver used their phone.C. How fast a driver was going.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.30. What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer toA. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.31. What is a suitable title for the textA. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You StartB. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the TextalyzerC. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by DriversD. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer【真题链接：2022新高考II卷】As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it ina drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart. Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise —balance training and weight training — three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health. “We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a year-long exercise trainingprogram, and nothing happened to them at all.”Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.32. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber bandA. The right way of exercising.B. The causes of a heart attack.C. The difficulty of keeping fit.D. The aging process of the heart.33. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research designA. Diet plan.B. Professional background.C. Exercise type.D. Previous physical condition.34. What does Levine’s research findA. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggestA. Making use of the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.C. Conducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpose of thestudy.【真题链接：2022全国甲卷】Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direct ion before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work outwhether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experimentA. By following instructions.B. By using a tool.C. By turning the box around.D. By removing the lid.25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the textA. Using a key to unlock a door.B. Telling parrots from other birds.C. Putting a ball into a round hole.D. Grouping toys of different shapes.26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoosA. How far they are able to see.B. How they track moving objects.C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.27. Which can be a suitable title for the textA. Cockatoos: Quick Error CheckersB. Cockatoos: Independent LearnersC. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cockatoos: SkilfulShape-Sorters【真题链接：2022全国乙卷】Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability andon-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providinghigher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possibleA. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones’ reliable perfor mance in remote areas.29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer toA. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.30. What function is expected of the rail dronesA. To provide early warning.B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews.D. To accelerate transportation.31. Which is the most suitable title for the textA. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways参考答案：【原创试题（一）】本文是一篇说明文。