英国文学选读上名词解释(中英文版)

Byronic hero

A proud, mysterious, rebellious, gloomy figure of noble origin, with fiery passions and unbending will, expresses Byron’s own ideal of freedom. He rises against tyranny and injustice, but he’s merely a lone fighter striving for personal freedo m.

Sonnet

A sonnet is a 14-line lyric poem with a single theme. Sonnets vary but are usually written in iambic pentameter, following one of two traditional patterns: the Petrarchan or Italian sonnet and the Shakespearean or English sonnet. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.

Sonnet是一种欧洲传统的非常有影响力的诗歌形式。从形式上来说它有14行诗构成，通常是五步抑扬格，有着严格的特定的押韵方式。莎士比亚的十四行诗非常出名。

Lake Poets

The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century. As a group, they followed no single "school" of thought or literary practice then known, although their works were uniformly disparaged by the Edinburgh Review. They are considered part of the Romantic Movement

早期浪漫主义诗人Wordsworth，Coleridge和Southey，也被称为湖畔派诗人。他们都住在英国西北部的湖区，并且在文学和社会见解上有着一致性。湖畔派诗人主要回忆快乐的旧英格兰时代，把自然看作是精神上的避难所，因为他们惧怕即将到来的工业化和城市化。

Metaphysical poetry（玄学派诗歌）

Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.

2>with a rebellious spirit， the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.

3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods， and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.

4> the imagery is drawn from actual life.

Metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion. John Donne is the most important representative.

玄学派诗歌一般用来称呼那些在John Donne影响下写作的作家的作品。

玄学派诗人一种背叛精神去试着打破传统的伊丽莎白爱情诗的束缚。

玄学诗歌多使用巧智（wit and conceit），结构精巧（ingenious structure），韵律多变（irregular meter），语言口语化（colloquial language），意象奇特（elaborate imagery），并把不同的事物并置（a drawing together of dissimilar idea）。它们的意象多来源于现实生活。

Neoclassicism（新古典主义）

In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of inte rest in the old classical works.

2>this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of lite rature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman w

riters such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.

3> they believed that the artistic ideals should be order， logic， restrained emotion and accuracy， and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity Romanticism（浪漫主义）

1>In the mid-18th century， a new literary movement called romanticism came to E urope and then to England.

2>It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism， which emphasized reason， order and elegant wit. Instead， romanti cism gave primary concern to passion， emotion， and natural beauty. 3>In the hist ory of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a lit erary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience. 4> The English romantic period is an age of poetry which prev ailed in England from 1798 to 1837. The major romantic poets include Wordsworth， Byron and Shelley.

13. Modernism（现代主义）

Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement ， which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of t he 20th century.

2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as it s theoretical case.

3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry， fiction， drama， p ainting， music and architecture.

4> in England from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s， in A merica from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period， m odernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful. 5>as far as literature is con cerned， Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules， traditions and conventions. fresh ways of looking at man…s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style. It is p articularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.