虚拟语气重点难点

虚拟语气重点难点

一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用

1. a.在if 条件句中表示与“现在”、“过去”以及“将来”事实相反的虚拟语气

b.倒装型虚拟语气，即条件句省略if 后将主、谓倒装的情况

c.混合型虚拟语气，即错综条件句

d.使用含蓄条件的虚拟语气，即if 代用语和上下文暗示出的条件

2. if条件句的省略和倒装形式

在if 从句中，如果有were, had, should 这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓倒置形式，多用于书面语。

e.g. Had I known about it, I would have told you. (If I had known about it, I

would have told you.)

Were I you, I would choose to study Japanese. (If I were you, I would choose to study Japanese.)

Were I to do the test, I would do it in a different way. (If I were to do the

test,…)

3.错综时间条件句

错综时间条件句是指虚拟条件句和结果主句中的动作发生在不同的时间，因此条件从句和结果主句中的谓语动词要根据各自的时间来确定其正确形式。eg. 如果汤姆打算今天早晨走，他就该在昨晚把东西收拾好。（条件句的时间是今天早晨this morning, 主句动作在昨天last night。）

If Tom intended to leave this morning, he would have got everything

ready last night.

如果（当初）我把英语学好, 现在就该是个大学生了。（没有学好英语发生在以前，它对现在的情况造成了影响。）

If I had studied English well, I would be a college student now.

4.含蓄虚拟条件句（含蓄型虚拟语气）

指句子表面上没有使用if 等引起的条件句，但是在句中通过介词、形容词、动词、分词、不定式、定语从句、祈使句或上下文等表示出虚拟条件。常用的这类词有：but for, without, with, in the absence of, under, but, or, but that, otherwise, supposing, provided, …and…等。

e.g.如果没有电子计算机, 也就没有现代社会。

Without electronic computers, there would not be modern society.

要不是由于风暴, 我们就会按时到达了。

But for the storm we would have been here in time.

(but for = if it were not for 或if it hadn’t been for)

在别的社会制度下，这样的大水就会造成巨大的灾难。（介词短语表

明另一种情况）

Under another social system, such floods would have caused terrible disasters.

如果跟她谈一谈，你就会知道她听力不好。（用不定式代替从句If you

should talk with her）

如果我事先知道这件事就好了。（靠上下文衬托，省略主句I should

have helped him.）

If I had known it before!

你为什么不把那件事告诉我？我会帮你的。（靠上下文的衬托，省略从

句if you had told me about it)

Why didn’t you tell me about it? I should have helped you.

★其它含蓄条件句

含蓄条件句中可用比较级来表示条件

A more careful person would not have made such kind of mistakes.

含蓄条件句中可用从句来表示条件

Anyone who had been in your case would have done the same.

含蓄条件句中可用分词来表示条件

Having arrived on time, she would have seen his father.

二．从句中的虚拟语气

1.虚拟语气用于宾语从句中

虚拟语气用于主语从句中

虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句中

虚拟语气用于状语从句中

2.表示建议、意见、要求、请求、命令、劝告、需要等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气

注：如果上述这些词在句中不表示要求、建议、命令等意义，就不需要用虚拟语气，而用一般的陈述语气，如suggest 还可指“表明”；insist 表示“坚决要求、主张”时用虚拟语气，但表示“坚持说、坚持认为”时用陈述语气

3.表示命令、建议、要求的形容词引起的主语从句，多是以it 为形式主语的主语从句，

即：It is + a.+ that … 句型

4.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

该语法项目主要取决于能引起表语从句和同位语从句，同时表达建议、要求、命令等含义的若干名词。

5.状语从句中的虚拟语气

a.以in case, lest, for fear that (以免，惟恐) 引起的目的状语从句，谓语动词用should + 动词原形。

e.g.他带上雨衣，以防下雨

He took his raincoat lest/in case it (should) rain. 。

他努力学习，惟恐被同学落下.

He’s working hard for fear that he (should) fall behind.

b.在even if 或even though引起的让步状语从句中有时用虚拟语气（有时也用陈述语气）

e.g.即使他来找我也找不到，昨天我外出了。

Even though he had looked for me, he couldn’t have found me. I was out