懂你英语LUnit
《新目标英语》七年级下册 重点句型短语归纳
《新目标英语》七年级下册重点句型、短语归纳Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?Ⅰ、Useful expressions:1. be from= come from 来自于2. New York 纽约3. the United States 美国4. he United Kingdom 英国5. one’s (new) pen pal 某人的（新）笔友6. in Paris 在巴黎7. want a pen pal 想要一个笔友8. a pen pal in China=a Chinese pen pal 一个在中国的笔友9. a very interesting country 一个非常有趣的国家10. in November 在十一月11.speak a little (French) 说一点儿法语12. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事13. go to the movies 去看电影14. in school / at school在学校里15. too difficult 太困难16. write to sb. (soon) = write a letter to sb (soon)（尽快）给某人写信17. pen pal wanted 征招笔友18. on weekends 在周末19. at school 在学校；在上学20. the long weekend 漫长的周末21. tell sb. about yourself 告述某人关于你自己的情况22．live in 居住在---23 ．write to sb给某人写信；写信给某人24．in the world 在世界上25、in China 在中国26、one’s favorite subject 某人最喜欢的科目27．speak English 讲英语28、likes and dislikes 爱憎,好恶29、play sports 做运动Ⅱ、Sentences:1. Where is your pen pal from? 你的笔友来自哪儿？=Where does your pen pal come from?She’s from Japan. 她来自日本。
懂你英语LvUnit
懂你英语L v U n i t Document number：PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998L5U n i t2-1L i s t e n i n g One of the most important human emotions is love. However, there are manydifferent kinds of love. Romantic love is certainly one of most interesting kinds of love. It can be beautiful, wonderful and heart breaking, sometimes all of the same time. Romantic Love can make our lives full and meaningful but it can also be an escape from loneliness and suffering. If romantic love has a purpose, neither phycologist nor biologist has discovered it. however, throughout history,philosopher have offered opinions about it. The Geek Philosopher Plato said love makes us complete. He relates a comic story in which humans originally had 4 arms,4 legs and 2 faces. Then, when they angered the Gods, they were cut in half. Since then, every person has been searching for their soulmate, the other half of his or her self.Another philosopher believed that love is an illusion. In his view, people fall in love because they believe the other person can make them happy. But in fact, this is justan illusion designed to make us have children(省略that定语从句). Once we have children,we are right back to where we were, still searching for happiness. For nature, this is a success because we have children to maintain our species. But itleads us still searching for something more.In Buddhism, romantic love is seen as an attempt to satisfy to our desires. These desires are defect, something we need to overcome. The way we free ourselves from suffering, is to remove desires. Once free of desires, we can reach a state of peace and wisdom. This states of freeing are called *.In one of China greatest classical novels, Dream of the Red Chamber, love is presented as a state of foolishness. A young man falls in love with a beautiful woman, who tricks and makes fool of him. This results in the conflicting emotionsof love and hate which tear him apart(使心碎). To cure him, a priest gives him a magic mirror. The priest tells him to look into the reverse side of the mirror but never look at the front side. When the young man looks into the mirror, he doesn’t likewhat he sees, so he looks into the forbidden side, the front side. There he sees thelovely image of his love, who invites him into the mirror, to be with her. He does it several times, until he has finally dragged away(拖走)in chains. He dies whilelooking into the mirror. Perhaps the point of the story is that all such attachments should be avoided.A famous French writer, Simone de Beauvoir has another point of view. For her, loveis the desire to integrate with another, like in a great friendship. However, it’s important that the lovers not become too dependent on the other person. Becomingtoo dependent on the other person can lead to boredom or power games. Lovers should support each other in discovering themselves and developing theirpotentials. In this way, romantic love can reach the world. Falling in love can be exciting and frightening. Maybe we lose ourselves and maybe we find ourselves. Would you dare to find outOther kinds of love include the love between a parent and child.If something is an illusion, it isn’t what it seems to be.L5 Unit 2-1 vocabularyForbidden or prohibited to be against the law or not allowed. Smoking is prohibited on many airplanes. Athletes are forbidden from taking certain kinds of drugs. If something is allowed, it isn’t forbidden or prohibited.Risky to be a big dangerous or unsafe. A risky investment may not be a good idea for people who worry too much. If you make a risky investment, they may lose a lot of money. What level of risk are you willing to takeRidiculous to be foolish or not make any sense. Their proposal is ridiculous because it requires too much time and money. Without enough quality practice, it’s ridiculousto expect much progress.Innovative to come up with good idea or way of doing things. Innovative people are often clever and creative. Too innovate means to come up with a new way of doing something. Innovative thinking can lead to the development of new products and services.Conservative, to be conservative means to avoid taking risks. Conservative investor tries to make safe investments. A conservative investor wants to minimize risks. A conservative of approach to management may discourage innovation.To disguise, to change s omething’s appearance so that it can’t be recognized. He was n’t good at disguising himself so we knew who he was right away. She wore and disguise so it wasn’t sure who she was.To clarify, to explain or make something clea r. We weren’t sure what he meant until he clarified his ideas. Everyone was confused until she clarified what she meant.To confuse, to make things difficult to understand. The opposite is to clarify. Everyone is confused, because the presentation is so disorganized. He confuses people because he keeps changing his ideas. The instructions were confusing so nobody knew what to do.To ignore, to try not to notice or deal with something. To act as if something isn’t there. We tried to ignore her but she finally stood up and told everyone to shut up. People don’t res pect or like her so they ignore her in the office.To confirm, to indicate that something correct or completed it as susceptive. We won’t sure if he’s going to accept the offer until he called and confirmed it. we can’t start the project without written confirmation that we agree on the details. Meeting something on the internet can be risky, so be careful.There were forbidden from going to that website, because of its content.Assess to that part of the factory is prohibited for security seasons.Ignorant; confusionL5 Unit 2-1 dialogueWhat’s so funny what are you writing aboutI’m wri ting about something I saw earlier this morning.Really, do you keep a journalYes, I do. Very weekend I write about things that happened during the week.How long have you been doing itI’ve been doing it fairly regularly since high school.Are you going to turn it into a bookI don’t know. Maybe I will something but for now it’s just for me.So what was so interesting about what you saw this morningI was in the same coffee shop I usually go to and a group of teenagers came in.I couldn’t help watching them and try to hear some of their conversation.That must have been interesting.Yes, it was. The more I watched them, th e more I realized how glad I am that I don’t have to go through that state of life again.So it brought back some memories, rightYes, it did. It was so clear how I’m uncomfortable some of them were. Yet, they were pretending to have good time. At least, there was seemed to me.Why did you think they were pretendingIt was just the way they smiled and laughed. It seemed unnatural and overdone as if they were bad actors.A couple of boys were really awkward around the girls and two of the girls were wearing too much makeup. I had to stop myself and laughing.Yes, I can imagine it. I can remember wanting to be popular when I was in high school. Now that you mentioned it, it was n’t a great time, thought I had so fun too.I guessed it wasn’t so bad at the time, except when I was preparing for my university entrance examinations.Yes, that was awful. My parents put tons of pressure on me so I thought I was going to go crazy.What about girls Did you have any girlfriendsThere was one girl I had a crush on, but I thought she was interested in somebody else.I didn’t find out until much later that she was interested in me too. It was a lost opportunity, one of many.Really You should become a writer or make a movie. You had a great imagination. To be honest, it’s much easier to imagine things than actually do things.You can say that again.It seemed unnatural and overdone, as if they were bad actors.L5 Unit 2-2 listeningPeople have wondered about the nature of light and color since ancient times. Some people thought that light came from the eyes rather than coming into the eyes. To see, light was projected(投射) from our eyes, to illuminate(照亮) things as we look atthem. Now we know that what we see is mostly reflected light, like the light from the moon, which is reflected sunlight. Light comes from light source and either enters our eyes directly or after reflecting off thing.In 1666, Sir Isaac Newton showed that when light past through a prism, it’s separated into all the other colors. It clearly demonstrated that light is composed of many different colors. The difference between colors i s due to their wavelength. A prism separates light into different colors because each color has different wavelength. the angle in which a color bends in a prism depends on its wavelength. Colors with shorter wavelengths bend more than colors with longer wavelengths. It explains why red light bends less than yellow light. The reason is because its wavelength is longer. Of the visible light, violet light has the shortest wavelength, so it bends the most.If you have ever painted, you knew that different colors can be combined to create new colors. For example, if you add white to a color, you lighten it. however, the three primary colors, red, blue and yellow cannot be made by mixing other colors. It isn’t possible to mix any combination of colors to create red, blue or yellow. Mixing two primary colors creates a secondary color, such as purple, which is a mixing of blue and red. Mixing three primary colors create a tertiary (第三的)color such asbrown or grey.Color are wonderful to look at. But they also affect people in ways besides sight. They have a powerful effect on who people feel and behave. Artists notice and so do business people, who want to influence on how they feel about their products and advertisement. For example, researches have shown that people can be productive if they are working at a blue room. The color purple is often linked to wealth and loyalty and it seems as a mysterious, spiritual(精神的) color. Some colors have evenbeen associated with the changes in blood pressure. Though color can influence how we feel and act, these effects may depend on personal or cultural factors. Therefore, it’s important not to believe everything you hear about the effects of colors. Though there are differences between cultures, there is general agreement about some colors. The color red, for example, is a warm color, associated with energy and excitement in many cultures. In china, red is associate with fire, energy and good fortune. On the other hand, one experiment show that exposing students to red before taking a text can have a negative effect. In fact, of all the colors, research shows thatred has the most powerful effect on human behavior. Certainly, it’s interesting and important to better understand the psychological effect of light and color. To gain a better understand of these effects, more research is needed.L5 Unit 2-2 vocabularyTo promote, to move someone up in an organization, usually he has done a good job. We are going to promote her to manager. If we don’t promote him, he will probably be upset. The opposite of promote is demote.To transfer, to move someone or something from one place to another. The company was going to transfer him to Shanghai next month. She doesn’t want to be transferred because her husband is against moving to another city.To motivate, to get someone interested and excited about doing something. She’s really good at motivating her employees. One way to motivate someone is to encourage them by giving them constructive feedback.To postpone, to delay or put off something until a later date. We had to postpone the presentation because she wasn’t ready to give it. we can’t continue to postpone the meeting where they would cancel it completely.To evade, to escape or avoid something. They are trying to evade taking responsibility for their failure. He was arrested for tax evasion.To assign, to give someone a text to do. His boss assigned him to increase sales by 15%. Her company assigned her to find out more about the competition.To penalize, to fine or punish someone for doing something wrong. They were penalized for breaking the rules. You would be penalized for fewer late.To lay off, to fire or sack a worker because business is bad. The company was failing so he was laid off. Our company had to lay off 50% of the employees. A company may have to lay off workers when business was bad.To recruit, to look for new employees to hire. They are expanding their business and recruiting new employees. She joined to company after she was recruited at a job fair. To resign, to voluntarily to quit one’s job. His boss doesn’t like him, so he was asked to resigned. She resigned from her job because of the health reasons.It wouldn’t hurt to be a little less formal and to smile once in a while.L5 Unit 2-2 dialogueWow, you look different today.You mean I’m beautifulWhat’s the makeupI felt like dressing up today. Don’t you like itDo you want me to be honestOf course, but I know you. You are so old-fashion.I just think you don’t need so much makeup to look beautiful. That at least like a v Well not everyone agrees with you. And I like looking different once in a while.I glad that I’m not a woman. There are too many things to deal with.Yes, you wouldn’t be good at it.You always wear the same old clothes, it’s boring.Maybe it’s boring, but it’s comfortable.You’re never going to find a new girlfriend if you don’t c hange.I’m not interested in woman anymore. You know that. They are nothing but trouble. Am I troubleYou and I are just opposites. You are always doing something new and I would rather just relax.You sound like an old man. You need to act younger. You need to be more exciting. And then what Find my soulmateReally, you sound so cynical(愤世嫉俗的). Don’t you believe in loveSure, and the movie may be.Love is an illusion. It never lasts and once it starts, it’s difficult to break off.Your problem is that you expect too much from love. You are too romantic. You need to be more practical.I thought you were the romantic one.I had a romantic side yes, but I’m practical. My man has got to be good looking, well dress and hopefully rich.Ha-ha, but that lets me out.Yes, you’ve got a lot to learn.Now, where are we going for dinner Somewhere expensiveOk, you’ve convinced me that your makeup isn’t so bad. But I think it’s your turn to pay.That’s what you think.They’ll split the bill.L5 Unit 2-3 listeningOne of the most interesting people in history is probably someone you’ve never heard of. We would call him iceman because his body was frozen in ice for several thousand years. His body was discovered in 1991 by 2 hikers in mountain near the border of Australia and Italy. The lower part of his body was still frozen in ice but the upper part was uncovered and visible. Once a body was extracted from the ice, it was taken in for the examination. Upon examination, scientists determined that the iceman lived around 53 hundred years ago. This was at the end of stone age, nearly 1000 years before the great pyramids were built. This made him the oldest mummy ever found. Ice man’s bo dy was in good condition when it was found. People believed that the body was one of many hikers who have been lost in recent years. Nobody suspected that the body was as old as it was. It had been preserved by the ice for thousands of years. Given its good condition, studying it was like opening a window in time. Scientist could learn a lot about how people lived 5 thousand years ago.The iceman lived at the end of stone age, a time of great change in human history. Hunting was still major source for food but people were beginning to farm. People were settling down and forming communities. These communities were claiming territory and setting up boundaries. As a result, sometimes they had to fight to defend their territory from outsiders. The village where the iceman lived was probably not far from where he died. Perhaps, he was killed in the battle with outsiders.Iceman was about 45 years old when he died. He was meters tall and weigh about 50 kilograms when he was alive. Along with the body was the mother objects. These included some weapons, including a broken arrow, a knife and an axe. He was still wearing one of his shoes and he had a backpack with the wooden frame. He also had some plants that may have been used for medical purposes. Further examination of the body showed that he was well fat with a diet of meet, bread and food. In fact, he had eaten several meals within a few hours of his death. From all the evidence, he probably had a good life. Perhaps he was hunting for food when he was caught in a sudden storm. For several years after the discovery of the body, scientist believed that he died from the cold. Weather is unpredictable in the area where he was found, so perhaps he was caught in an unexpected storm. However, 10 years after his body was found, new evidence pointed a new cause of death. In 2001, examiner X-rayed the body and found an arrowhead deep in the iceman’s chest. Further analysis revealed that the iceman had been shot from behind. The arrow had cut throughan artery and had cause severe bleeding. Clearly it was a case of murder, the oldest case of murder ever discovered.L5 Unit 2-2 vocabularyTo sue, to take someone to court in a legal disagreement. They broke our contract and didn’t pay so we sue d them and won. She sued that her employers for firing her but she lost because they had the right to fire her.To restrict, to put limits on something. This is a restricted area so stay away. We need to restrict them from talking to anyone about our project.To negotiate, to deal with a bargain with others to reach an agreement. Instead of starting a war, we should negotiate and find a way to compromise. We are trying to negotiate a better deal but it isn’t easy.Responsible for or responsible to, to be responsible for something means to have a job getting done or taking care of. If you are responsible to someone, it means that you’re working under their control.Oversee or supervise, to control or direct a process of a project. One of his responsibilities was to supervise the rescue operations and keep things under control. As a product manager, she oversees the work of several departments.To merge, to combine or come together. Those 2 companies used to be competitors, but now they have merged into one company. When the companies merged, many people were laid off.To acquire, to buy or take position. Some big company grows by acquiring other companies. One way to protect your business is to acquire your competitors.An agenda, a plan or a list of items to be discussed at the meeting. The agenda for the meeting was still unclear. What are the main points on the agenda for the meetingA contract, a written document that defines the rule and relationship. A contract isn’t usually useful until things begins to go badly in the relationship. According to our contract, their first payment is due next week.Assets and liabilities, assets are what you own and liabilities are what you owe. Knowing the assets and liabilities of a company, help determine a company’s value. The company has more liabilities than assets so we decided not to invest.L5 Unit 2-3 dialogueGood morning, Lisa. What was it you wanted to see me aboutAh, good morning. Thanks for seeing me on such short work notice, I know it’s a busy time for you.That’s OK, Lisa. I can see that you’re upset about something. Is something wrong Yes, actually there is and I’ve been thinking about a lot. To make it short, I’ve decided to leave the company.You’re going to leaveYes, I think it’s best. I’m really not happy here anymore.Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. Have you found another jobNo, it isn’t that. My husband and I have just decided that I really don’t need to work. Well, I’m sorry to hear that you want to leav e. But I really want you to reconsider. You’ve only been here for a year. There isn’t very long and it won’t help you resume if you decide to look for a job in the future.Yes, that maybe true but staying here is really stressful. You may not be aware of it but I have real problems with my supervisor Bill.Oh, what kind of problemsHe takes on projects and assigns them to me with no regard for my other responsibilities. It’s just too much. Then he takes all the credit from my work. Maybe I’m just too sen sitive.Yes, I know he connected that way. And I have told him in some areas that he needs to improve. Anyway that all people like that in every organization.I know it’s difficult but you need how to deal with people like him.Well, I don’t know. It’s really stressful. It isn’t easy for me to talk to him.Listen, Lisa. You have great potential and I don’t want to lose you. If you already had job offer, I wouldn’t stand in your way. but since you don’t, I really want you to stay.I appreciate your saying that. It means a lot.So would you please reconsider your decision.Yes, I will talk to my husband.As for bill, please try work with him for a bit longer. This is your part of learning experience.Thanks, I really appreciate your advice. You ar e great sales person. I’m feeling better already.You are welcome, Lisa. I need you to stay. Please give it at least another year.She has sold Lisa on the idea of staying for another year.She has designed to quit because she’s not happy working ther e.L5 Unit 2-4 ListeningWhen the body of the iceman was discovered, nobody realized that he had been murdered. It was believed that he was got lost in storm and he died in the cold weather. However, with the discovery of the arrowhead in his body, it was clear that the iceman was murdered. Analysis has shown that an arrow had entered his body and cut through the arteries his chest. It would cause severe bleeding and weaken him. With the l oss of blood, he couldn’t have survived for very long after being shot. Further examination revealed something more about how he may have died. Using a CT scan, scientist found blood in his brain. This indicated that he was struck on the head before he died. Either he was hit on the head or he fell and struck his head on a rock. This probably happened when he was in a weakened condition after being shot by the arrow. Additional evidence showed that the arrow itself had been pulled out of the body. It had been pulled out with force, leaving just the arrowhead inside. Even more interesting was what was left behind, the copper ax. The technology needed to make such a weapon, was new at the time. As a result, scientist believe that there was a sign of great wealth and position. This suggests that the iceman may have been an important leader. It also raises a question of why the killer didn’t take it with him.If the iceman was important, he may have been the leader of his community. One leading theory of his death is that he had been assassinated. In ancient times, to take power, you often had to kill the leader. Perhaps the iceman was the target of assassination. The murdered may have followed the iceman and killed him from behind. Then to protect his identity, he pulled out the arrow and covered the body. He left the copper ax behind so that he couldn’t be identified. According to this theory, the iceman was killed by a member of his own community. Therefore, the murder was probably someone he knew.Another theory is that the iceman was killed after a battle with outsiders. Since the community was located on an important trade route, it may have been attacked. the iceman may have been the military leader, fighting to defend his village. Perhaps he was in a battle with the attackers on the date when he died. According to this theory, he was fled from the battle and was caught from behind in an isolated area. However, from the analysis of his stomach, it is unlikely that he was running for many one. There was a half-pound of food in his stomach when he died. Since food only remained in stomach for about an hour, he must have eaten a large meal shortly before his death. Someone who was in a hurry, would never take the time to stop and eat such a large meal. And if he was killed by the outsiders, why didn’t they take the copper ax. So the question remains about what happened on that final date of his life. The truth is that nobody will ever know what r eally happened. The iceman’s murderer will remain a mystery forever.L5 Unit 2-4 vocabularyTo interfere, to slow something down and make worse by getting in the way. Having too many meetings is interfering with our work. I told her to let us alone, and not to interfere in our problems.To reflect, to think about or consider something or throw back the image as from the mirror. Before I make a decision, I like sometime to reflect. When you look into a mirror, your image is reflected back to you.To influence, to have an effect on something. I think she can help us influence the others. I don’t think we can influence the final result. They don’t care what we think so it would be difficult to influence their decision.To focus, to bring attention to something and make it clear. If we don’t focus on something, we won’t get anything done. We aren’t sure what to focus on, so everyone was confused.To exaggerate, to describe something is larger or more important than it really is. It’s difficult to believe what he says because he always exaggerates. She says she can sell anything but of course that was an exaggeration.To be persuasive, able to cause people to do something by asking or giving reasons. She’s good at selling things because she is ver y persuasive. You can be more persuasive if you have facts to support you.To be convincing, to provide powerful support for a belief and to overcome doubts. The evidence that he was murdered was convincing. I couldn’t convince them that I was telling the truth, so they arrested me.To be misleading, to leave away from the truth, to give a false idea. Their advertisements are misleading, so be careful not to be fooled. He tries to mislead me into buying it by exaggerating the benefits.To be unique, to be highly usual or different from others. I like that design because it’s unique and attractive. She has a unique personality that some people don’t like. To be ordinary, to be just like others, not different from any other. The products are ordinary, with nothing except a low price to recommend them. The food in that restaurant was expensive but the taste was ordinary.There is nothing ordinary about her, so we should give her a promotion.L5 Unit 2-4 dialogueDid you see the beautiful sunset tonight It was gorgeous(华丽).No, I didn’t. but I’m surprised you even notice such things.Really, why are you surpriseYou are so focus on you work. I did n’t imagine you have ro your mind for nature. Really, well, I’m just don’t show it. I make a point of it to notice such things as often as I can.You know I think you should try to show that side of yourself more often. It will improve your image.So you think my image needs some improvingWell, it wo uldn’t hurt to be a little less formal and to smile once a while. You may also improve the way you dress, maybe with a few more warm colors.I’m afraid I don’t know much about fashionable design and warm colors. Do you really think the way we dress influences the peopleYou must be kidding. The first impression you give is based on your appearance in cloth. Don’t you ever notice the kind of shoes someone is wearing.No, I hardly notice.Well then, that explains why your shoes are always the same. How old the shoes you wear nowThis, I don’t know. Probably a year old.And I bet you’ve been wearing them almost every day. They look like it.That’s right. These shoes are comfortable and they weren’t expensive. I bet yours are expensive.Well, they weren’t cheap. I think it’s impor tant to dress right, to dress for the occasion and make a good impression.Ok, why don’t we go shopping together this weekend. You can be my fashion advisor.What was it for meIf I like your advice, I will buy you another pair of shoes. How is thatOk, but they won’t be cheap. You understand that, rightOf course, but it will be worthy if you think my new look will improve my image.I guarantee. With me as an advisor, you can’t go wrong.L5-7 speaking again。
美国人常用的英语口语
Don't mention it. 没关系，别客气。
Who knows! 天晓得！It is not a big deal! 没什么了不起！How come… 怎么回事，怎么搞的。
Don't push me. 别逼我。
Come on! 快点，振作起来！(come on的含义很多，主要体现在语气上，使用时请注意语气) Have a good of it.玩的很高兴。
It is urgent. 有急事。
What is the fuss？吵什么？Still up？还没睡呀？It doesn't make any differences. 没关系。
Don't let me down. 别让我失望。
God works. 上帝的安排。
Hope so. 希望如此。
get to the point言归正传。
(go down to business我感觉没有get to the point常用，所以换掉) It doesn't work. 不管用。
I'm not going. 我不去了。
Does it serve your purpose？对你有用吗？I don't care. 我不在乎。
Not so bad. 不错。
No way! 不可能！Don't flatter me. 过奖了。
Your are welcome. 你太客气了。
It is a long story. 一言难尽。
Between us. 你知，我知。
Big mouth! 多嘴驴！Sure thin! 當然！(我觉得Sure更加popular! I like to use SURE...) I''m going to go. 我這就去。
Never mind. 不要緊。
Can-do. 能人。
Close-up. 特写镜头。
Drop it! 停止！-欢迎下载2Don''t play possum! 別裝蒜！There is nobody by that name working here.這裡沒有這個人。
懂你英语L6Unit 2
U n i t2-1l i s t e n i n g退休和投资Walter wants to retire within the next few years. He has been working at the same company for over 15 years as an accountant. During that time, he’s been saving his money and paying off that debt. However, even with his savings and investments, he isn’t sure that he will have enough money for retirement. If it doesn’t, he will have to keep on working, which depends on the company. For now, the company is ok. But it’s no longer growing as fast as it used to. Whether or not he can keep on his working will also depend on his health. Fortunately, he is in good health. But he knows that that could change in any time. If he fell down or had a stroke, it could force him to stop working. If that happened, he would have to rely on his savings and other assets to survive. Soon or later, he knows his health will decline and he will have to stop working. So he needs to prepare. Most of his wealth is in the form of company stock and the value of his home. Both of these are at risk. The company stock may go down and the value of his home may also fall. The company he works for is a pharmaceutical(制药的) company. It develops new drugs which is risky business and sells them worldwide. It’s expensive to develop new drugs and it can take a very long time to get a new drug approved. Without government approval, it can’t be sold, which can result in a huge loss. Another threat the company comes from foreign competition, which is getting stronger. The company has also started to move some of its researches and production facilities oversees. Salary level is lower there, and the quality of the foreign workers is getting better. As a result, the company has to reduce its local hiring and it’s no longer giving large bonuses.One thing he is considering, is to sell his share in the company. He could begin to sell a little at a time and reinvest the money in somewhere else. But where would he invest? He doesn’t know much about investing and several of his friend have lost a lot by making a bad investment. Investing in real restate or the stock market could be very risky. In the best case, he will make a lot of money. If that happened, he could finally retire and enjoy a comfortable life. On the other hand, in the worst case, his investments could result in a huge l oss. If that happened, he wouldn’t be able to enjoy his retirement. He wouldn’t be able to travel or do any of things that he’s dreamed about doing. So now he has to decide what he should do. Should he begin to sell his stock in the company or should he wait until he actually needs the money. If he sold now, he will have to decide what to do with the money. His investment could turn out well or it could turn out to be a disaster. On the other hand, if you decide to wait, anything will depend on his company. The one advantage he has with this options is he’s being on the inside of the company. With his insider information, he can predict the company’s shot-term future. This is especially true because as an account, he has an access to the company’s financial data. If things start to go badly, he can begin to sell his stock and avoid a big loss. Otherwise, it’s probably safer to keep the stock and hope that the company does well even if its growth rate declines. So for now, that is probably what he should do. If you were he, what would you do?Unit 2-1 dialogue 非洲和巴黎旅行So, where should we go on our vacation. What about Africa?Africa, no, that’s not for me. Why do you want to go the Africa?I’d like to get out and see the wildlife, the drama of nature! We could see some of the great migrations.Wow, you are adventurer. What about food and diseases? What about terrorism.Sure something that could happen. But if we never take any risks, we won’t have an interesting life. I don’t want to have a boring life.So, you think I’m boring then, right.Well, you’re certainly not the most exciting person. What plays thing safe and secure.I don’t mind take a few risks but it’s got to be worth it. Watching animals migrate is something I could see in a documentary. And I d on’t like the idea of being around predators(肉食动物), like lions and hyenas(鬣狗).Ok, my brave man. What would you like to do?Well, I’ve been thinking about it. I think it’s nice to go to Paris in the fall and visit some museums. We can go to a concert and go to see a ballet.Ah, we’ve been to Paris before. That’s exciting about it and I’m tired of museums. Any other ideas?One place that might be interesting is in South America, Machu Picchu. It’s an abandoned city way up in the mountain Peru.Yes, I’ve h eard of it. that might be interesting.Should we look into it?Sure, you look into it and I’ll get some information about trips to Africa.So your heart is ready set on Africa, isn’t it?Yes, it really is. I need something exciting in my life now. all I do work and be with you. I need a change. Don’t you ever feel that way?OK, I hear you. Let’s go to Africa. And don’t blame me if you get sick along the way. Great, you are not so bad after all. I can always depend on you.Be careful. Maybe one of these days I will surprise you.Unit 2-1 reading 在线相亲和运动受伤Is online dating killing loveA fair maiden is guarded by a dragon. A handsome prince must slay(杀) the dragon to save her. Then, magically, they fall in love and live happily ever after.Traditional stories tend to emphasize the fantastic, magical side of love. Fate plays matchmaker(媒人). Strangers see each other from across a room and instantly know that they are destined to be together.It isn’t difficult to imagine two strangers coming together and fa lling in love despite their differences. It suggests that love is challenging, uncertain and incomprehensible.But with more people using online dating services, a very different kind of love has emerged: one that is scientific, convenient, and self-directed. It minimizes risk and provides a choice, like on a menu. There is anonymity and avoidance(逃避) of immediate rejection. Meeting terms are negotiated online.Online dating also allows the setting of preconditions. Computer algorithms(程序) exclude undesirable traits(个性/特征) such as the wrong hair color, race or age. But they also exclude randomness. They reduce the chances of meeting someone different, orsomeone who could challenge one’s romantic ideals. Instead, they find the partner we think we want and exclude everyone else. As a result, we could be missing the opportunity of a lifetime, to meet someone we would never have expected to fall in love with. Perhaps this new way represents a more efficient form of romance. Traditional ideas of love may be enchanting(迷人的) – but are they useful? Loneliness and boredom are less exciting than chance encounters, but they represent the more realistic side of love. All too often people have suffered through had dates and humiliations(羞辱).If they could just choose wh at they wanted. Wouldn’t it save time and reduce suffering? However, by choosing partners based on our preconceived ideas, we may be indulging in our illusions. Instead of letting ourselves grow with someone, love becomes more about looking for ourselves i n the other. What if we don’t know ourselves as well as we think? Perhaps love isn’t about knowing what we want. Perhaps it’s about being open to unimagined possibilities.Sport injuriesSport injuries are injuries that happen to athletes participating in sporting events. In many cases, these types of injuries are due to overuse of a part of the body. For example, runner’s knee is a painful condition associated with running, while tennis elbow is a form of repetitive stress injury at the elbow. Other types of injuries, such as a broken bone, can be caused by hard contact with something. Injuries are a common occurrence in professional sports, and most teams have a staff of trainers and close connections to the medical community. Controversy has arisen at times when teams have made decisions that could threaten a player’s long-term health for short-team gain.Sport injuries can be classified as either traumatic(外伤的) or overuse injuries. Traumatic injuries account for most injuries in contact sports such as soccer, rugby(英式橄榄球), and American football. This is of course due to the dynamic and high collision nature of these games. These injuries range from bruises and muscle strains to fractures and head injuries.A bruise is damage to small blood vessels which causes bleeding within the tissues. A muscle strain is a small tear of muscle fibers and a ligament sprain(韧带拉伤) is a small tear of ligament tissue. The body’s response to these injuries is the same in the initialfive-day period immediately following the incident – inflammation(发炎). Inflammation is characterized by pain, localized swelling, heat, redness and a loss of function. Inflammation is the first phase of healing, and typically lasts for around five days. However, too much of an inflammatory response can mean that the healing process will take longer, and a return to activity is delayed. Sports injury treatments are intended to minimize the inflammatory phase of an injury so that the overall healing process is accelerated. Runner’s knee is a painful injury that’s due to overuse.Inflammation is the first phase of healing and typically lasts for around 5 days.Unit 2-2 listening 情态动词Now that you have studied in English at a high lever, let’s get a better understanding of the models. By now, you should already have a good understanding of what they meant. There are the models which are used to express the degree of certainty.Will shall may canThese models are used to make predictions, judgements and speculations. They indicate how much a speaker knows about the likelihood of an event.First, the model will express certainty as in if you heat water, it will boil. Based on what is known, the speaker is certain it would happen.The model may express possibility, as in it may rain this evening, but I’m not sure. Based on what is known, the speaker asserts that event is possible rather than certain or impossible.The model can express the potentiality or ability, as in he can afford it, but he may decide not to buy.The model “shall” is a bit differe nt from others. Tina shall be there means the speaker is determined that Tina will be there. In other words, the speaker is determined to get her to come and would try to influence events to make it happen. We would never say it shall rain. Nobody can make it rain so whether it rain or not is beyond one’s control. If some were to say that, it would seem as they were claiming the power to control or influence nature. Know that the question shall I open the door invites the person who is asked to make a decis ion. Whether or not the door is open depends on the person’s answer. In contrast, will I open the door ask for a prediction rather a decision.Know what these models can be weakened or removed or by some of these pass time form.Would should might couldWe would go if we had more money but we don’t. this sentence expresses the speaker’s certainty of going if they had more money, which they don’t. so the certain predictionexists but in an imaginary or unreal situation. The model might express less possibility than may so might go is less likely than may go. The models could express less potentiality than can and it’s often used in conditionals(从句). If he could come expresses less potential than if he can come. If he could come, we would all be happier expresses the feeling that in fact he can’t come.Here are the second sets of model.Must, should, had, better oughtThese models express degree of logical force or social expectations. Know that none of them has a past time or weakened form.The first one must indicates logical or social necessity. It expresses the strongest logical or social force.The model should and ought to assert that something is probably or expected but not necessary.The model had better expresses advice or ability. In other words, if someone had better do something, they should do it or there may be negative consequences. Therefore, had better has a feeling of threat, as in you had better be there. This isn’t the same as you should do it, which means you are expected to do it but without an applied threat if you don’t.One interesting rule is that no more than one model can be used with any verb. There are no exceptions to this rule. Therefore, it’s incorrect to say “he will must be there”. To avoid breaking this rule, there are other words that have the same meaning but are not models.The case of must, for example, we use have to, as in we will have to be there. Similarly, we cannot say he may can come. Instead, we say he may be able to come.One last thing to know about models. We use the same form regardless of what the subject is. If the subject is I, it, we or they, we use the same form will. We would never say “we wills be there”. But with non-model form, such as have to, we must change the form to match the subject. He has to be there and I have to be there.We shall overcome all obstacles express determination to make it happen.We don’t know for sure but there is still a possibility that they can leave on Friday.Unit 2-2 dialogue 感情和分手What’s wrong? You look awful.M y boyfriend and I had just had another fight. I think I’m going to break up with him. Hey, you’ve said that before. Calm down. Is that really what you want to do?Yeah, I think so. I don’t see any future in our relationship.Is that anyone else you’re in terested in?No, but there are some guys on the internet who have sent my messages.What? You’ve been online.Sure, just for fun.It’s nice to know that I can meet people if I want to.Does your boyfriend know about it?No, if he knew, he would be furious. He can be very jealous and he has a violent temper. Anyway, what was your fight about?It’s just the way he talked to me. He never shows any interested in what I’m doing or in what I’m feeling. if I had a bad headache or anything he says nothing.So who started the fight?He came over and wanted to kiss me and I turned away. I told him I didn’t feel anything for him right then. So then he got angry and we both blew up. Now we are not talking to each other.Oh is that all? That kind of thing is normal. Maybe you’re overreacting.No, it’s just that I’m beginning to realize that I don’t feel anything for him anymore.Our relationship is getting cold. We don’t feel appreciated.Well then maybe you should break up for a while and start seeing other men. But be careful. If I were you, I wouldn’t start seeing anyone else until I break up first.What do you think so?If he sees that you’re serious about breaking up, he may change.Maybe, but I doubt it.It could be that he feels the same way about you. Ma ybe he has lost interest. So it’s best to find out. You need to have a serious conversation with him.You’re right. Maybe it’s time to really find out.Unit 2-2 reading 爱情和旅游胜地马丘比丘The love labHow we communicate with our romantic partners can have a strong impact on the quality of our relationships. Psychologists John and Julie Gottman run the “Love Lab”, wherethousands of couples have been studied over the last 30 years. The purpose of their research is to determine the factors that lead to happy and unhappy relationships. From their data, they have concluded that contempt(轻蔑), criticism, defensiveness, and stonewalling are the most significant factors that can hurt a marriage or relationship. Among these, contempt is the biggest predictor of divorce. People who feel contempt for their partner often convey disapproval without addressing the issue. They sometimes label their partner with insulting words such as “lazy”, “stupid” or “emotional” which is particularly damaging.Many couples try to address is sues by criticizing their partner’s flaws or mistakes directly. Being too direct with criticism can hurt your partner’s self-esteem. Some people may react to criticism by stonewalling, where they refuse to acknowledge and respond to their partner for a period of time. Unfortunately, fighting back or ignoring your partner can make it difficult to determine the root of your problems. If your partner feels that they aren’t valued, it may lead to increased dissatisfaction with the relationship. The Gottmans maintain that being aware of these factors in communication is the first step to improving a relationship. It is important to acknowledge that all relationships have issues. The goal shouldn’t be to avoid these issues, but to learn to resolve them. In particu lar, we should avoid communication in ways that hurt our partner’s self-esteem. It is better to discuss problems in a way that is less confrontational and can better help your partner sympathize with your perspective. For example, rather than saying why ar e you ignoring me. It’s rude! One could say I feel hurt and undervalued when I don’t get a response from you. By beingconscious of how we communicate with our partner, we can begin to build a healthier relationship.Their research has given us insight into how to make our relationships better.The lost city of the IncasMachu Picchu is one of the world’s most impressive historical sites. It was built around 1450 by the Incas, who ruled most of south America at that time. They called themselves children of the Sun, the powerful god they worshipped as the source of light and life. Located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, at 8000 feet above sea level, the “City of the Incas” was mysteriously abandoned just 100 years after its construction. This was when the S panish were beginning their conquest of the Inca Empire, in the 1530’s. there is no evidence that the Spanish invaders ever attacked or even reached the mountaintop city, so many believe that the city’s inhabitants deserted(抛弃) the site because of a small pow epidemic.The city was almost forgotten until 1911 when it was discovered by an American historian, Hiram Bingham, after he heard rumors of its existence. Bingham was led to the site by local farmers and was amazed by what he saw, which seemed like an unbelievable dream. He wondered if anyone would believe what he had found.Though the surrounding jungle had overgrown the site, what remained was impressive. The city had been built on a remote and nearly inaccessible mountaintop, often shrouded in clouds. Forty rows of farming terraces(梯田) hued the steep mountainside, each over 10 feet high and liked together by over 3000 stone steps. Among the city were what appeared to be neighborhoods of homes and exquisite(精致的) stone buildings that arethought to be temples. Even today, the mystery remains as to the purpose of these temples, how the city was used and what its citizens did.Despite its remote location, Machu Picchu has become one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Every year, thousands of people travel to Peru to admire its magnificent stonework and breathtaking design. What they see is a wonderful harmony between the city and the landscape around it that is captivating.Unit 2-3 listening 凯撒和肯尼迪之死In this course we have tried to prepare you to understand and discuss important topics that are often in the news. Sometimes the news is good news, but all too often we learn of problems and crises. Once in a while, an event is extraordinary and will change the word. In this lesson, we focus on 2 events that changed history forever.One of the most famous assassinations in history was the assassination of Julius Caesar. At the time of his death in 44 DC, he was the leader of Roman empire. His title was Dictator for life, which meant he had absolute authority for as long as he lived. He had gain this power through his successes as a military commander. In fact, historian considered him to be one of greatest military commanders in history. Once gaining in power and fought against the corruption and began to restructure the government. For example, he increased the number of senator and changed how they were chosen. Instead of being elected, they could be appointed, even if they are not from Rome. This action reduced the power of individual senators and shifted it to Caesar himself. In doing so, he created several of enemies, especially the aristocracy. However, he also had manyadmirers, who supported his efforts to end the corruptions. Caesar was s to death by a group of Roman senators, at March 15, 44 BC. He was scheduled to lead Rome, 3 years later, to fight in another war. He had appointed members of his enemies to rule the empire while he was away. This action angered many of Roman senators, who didn’t want to take orders from Caesar’s subo rdinates. He should have been aware that many of the senators hated him, but he dismissed the security force not long before his assassination. If he hadn’t dismissed it, the assassination attempt might not have succeed. On the day of his assassination, it is reported that Caesar may have been handed a warning notes as he entered in senate. If he did receive such a note, he didn’t read it. it seems that he was at the state of denials and refused to recognize the danger that was facing him. Once he had entered the senate, he was surrounded by senators holding daggers or knives. The first blow hit Caesar in his neck and drew blood. Then and other senators joined in and stabbed him repeatedly, until he fl to the floor and died. In total, he suffered 23 knife wounds. with his death, power shifted to his adopted son Octavian, who vowed revenge against the event of assassins. Eventually, several of the leading assassins were either killed or committed suicide. After a power struggle, Octavian strengthened his position as leader and ruled the empire for years. In the end, Caesar’s attempts to end corruption failed.Another event that shocked the world, was the assassination of the U.S president, Jack Kennedy. He was shot while riding in a motorway in a city of Dallas tax. Kennedy and his wife was sitting in an open car, waving to a large crowd of people when he was shot. They were sitting in an open car with no protect because the sky was clear. It had rained untilabout 10 am but then the sun came out. If the sky ha dn’t cleared, they would have been a bubble car or clear roof, on the car. This would have prevented the assassination. Kennedy wanted it down so that he could be closer to the crow through they agree him. Another factor that contributed to his assassination was the round of motorcade through the city. The round was published several days earlier in the local newspapers. The motorcade was passing through the downtown Dallas and round the shot corner near the building where the assassin worked.From that bu ilding, there was a clear view of president’s car. If the round had been different,the assassination probably wouldn’t have taken place. The president was struck by 2 bullets but it was the second one that probably killed him. That was the fatal shot. It opened a massive of room in this head. Sitting beside him, his wife’s last words to his husband were, Jack, Jack, can you hear me, I love you Jack. The assassin’s quick shots were incredibly accurate. If the fatal shot had been off by just a little, Kennedy might have survived. So if any of these factors had been different, history would have changed. Kennedy’s death disillusioned Americans who have been inspired by his vision for the future. With his death, a whole generation of Americans woke up to a reality where their dreams for a brighter future had been shattered.He might have been overconfident and unaware of the magnitude of the dangerous facing him.Unit 2-3 Dialogue 亲人去世I’m sorry to hear about your father. I hope he died peacefully.Emm. He kn ew it was coming and he had a good life. He’d been sick for about for about a year. Luckily, there wasn’t much pain.So how is your mother?She hasn’t taken it well. Even know she knew it was coming, she has a hard time without him. She just the house see med so empty and she felt she’s useless.I can imagine. Does she have many friends?She has a few but she has never been very social. Maybe she’ll get out a bit more now but I don’t think that’s very likely. She’s also beginning to lose her memory.Oh, t hat’s too bad. My mother is losing her memory too. Sometime she doesn’t know who I am. She mixed me up with my sister.Does she live by herself?She did until about a year ago. Then we had her come and stay with us.How is that working out.It was ok at first but now with her memory problems, it isn’t working. We are thinking about putting her into a senior living community. It was expensive but they can provide her with spon.You may have to do that too. My husband and my mother don’t get along at all.You can’t relax when she’s around. When I mentioned it to him, he said he would consider it but only if it were for a very short time.Well, I’m sorry you have to deal with it. it doesn’t seem that there are any good choices. Emm, I’m afraid that’s righ t. We are getting older too. This is another reminder of ourmortality. You are no longer children so now it’s our turn to take care of our parents.The way I see is a reminder for us to enjoy life while we can. If you like, I can send you information about some senior communities.Please do. We need to start to making plans.There are waiting list to get into some of senior community.Unit 2-3 Reading 凯撒和印度的老年化Should a good leader be loved or feared? This question is as relevant to leaders today as it was to Julius Caesar when he took control of Rome in 44 BC. How Caesar treated his enemies is a valuable lesson on forgiveness, arrogance, and absolute power.After Caesar seized power, he had to decide how to handle those who opposed him. Roman politics had always been bloody. The previous dictator(独裁者) had murdered 5000 of his rivals and confiscated(没收) their property after coming to power. Caesar’s enemies expected a similar punishment.But Caesar was determined not to rule through fear. If he were to reform the government, he would need the support of the people. So he made a fateful decision: rather than punish or kill his enemies, he offered them mercy and incentives. He didn’t seize their property, and he even rewarded some of them with high-ranking government positions. However, not all of his enemies wanted to be forgiven. Caesar’s rivals came from the aristocracy. Many had held power in the senate for centuries. By expanding and reforming the senate, Caesar had shifted power away from the aristocracy and taken it for himself. The high-ranking positions he had given as rewards had no real authority. For thearistocracy, to live without power was not forgiveness, but humiliation.Caesar should have known that many senators hated him, but his arrogance seems to have blinded him. After he made himself dictator for life, he proclaimed(正式宣布) himself a god and consolidated more power. These actions infuriated(激怒) his enemies and even his allies. However, he still considered many senators to be his loyal friends. He even dismissed his personal security force. Ironically, when he was assassinated, it was his good friend, Brutus, who led the plot.Perhaps it is better for a leader to be feared. If Caesar hadn’t let his rivals live, he might not have been m urdered. But was forgiveness the problem? Caesar’s reforms took power from the aristocracy, and his arrogance angered both friends and enemies. Perhaps if he hadn’t been so arrogant, or acted like a god, he would have survived.Lack of adequate care for senior citizens is a real issue in India that cuts across economic and social strata(各阶层). Many of us have personally lived through and experienced it with our parents and elders. Most senior citizens, especially those who live independently, are unable to get the care and trusted support they need. As a result, they compromise on their needs and lifestyle. Their children or caregivers are forced to spend disproportionate(不成比例的) time, and/or resources to support them. So much so, that many women are forced to stay away from the workforce to take care of elders at home. The imminent(迫在眉睫) demographic(人口统计学的), economic, and social changes that accompany the growing population of senior citizens, together with the rising aspirations of the young, leading to more women in the workforce, are rapidly driving up the magnitude(量级) of this problem.。
懂你英语Level unit
Level 4 unit 1 part1ListeningChristina is on a two week vocation.This is the first vocation she has had for a long time.The last vocation she took was more than two years ago.Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco.Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city.He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley.While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.-How long has it been since her last vocation?–It’s been more than 2 years.-What kind of company d oes her friend’s husband work for?–A start-up company.Christina hasn’t seen her friend for a longtime.The last time they saw each other was three years ago.At that time, they were both working at a department store.Then Christina quitted her job and started her own business.She designs women’s clothing.She has two employees now and her company is slowly growing.-How long has it been since Christina last saw her friend? –It has been 3 years.-Where were Christina and her friend working before she started her own business?–They were working at a department store.-How long has it been since Christina started her own business?–It’s been 3 years.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself.Her husband didn’t come, because he has to work.He tried to start a company two years ago, but it didn’t work out.His company failed after only a few months.So now he is working at another company and saving money.Once he saves enough money, he plans to start another company.He doesn’t want to give up.-Why hasn’t Christina’s husband come with her?–He has to work.-Why is Christina’s husband saving money?–He wants to start a new company.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco.The first time was when she was a high school student.That was more than ten years ago.During that trip, she was only in San Francisco for a few days.After that, she went to Los Angeles and New York.This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.-How many times has Christina been to San Francisco?–She has been to San Francisco twice.-How long did she stay in San Francisco on her first trip?–A few days.Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday.Her friend met her at the airport, and drove her to her apartment.Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco.It’s a small apartment, but it’s on a hill, and it has a great view. Yesterday they went downtown, and rode the cable cars.Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are.Then they walked along the ocean, and ate lunch at a sea food restaurant. Fromthe restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate Bridge.-How long has she been here?–For two days.Tomorrow they are planning to drive to Yosemite National Park.By car, it’s about four hours away.Christina has never been there before, so she is excited.She has heard that the park is very beautiful.Her friend has been to Yosemite several times.She says that it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world. Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.-How many times has she been to the Yosemite?–Never.VocabularyHeadaches can be very painful, and can last for a long time.If you have a headache, your head hurts.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can’t walk.Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow.A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin caused by fire or heat.If you get to close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear.Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure, or water in the ear.Mountains are land forms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level.Hills are like mountains but not as tall.Mountains are formed by forces deep within the Earth, and are made of different types of rocks.Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into the sea.Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world’s water is in the oceans, which are large bodies of saltwater.The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall.The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.A valley is a low relatively flat area between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it. Somevalleys are formed by flowing water, and others are formed by glaciers. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, covering more area than all the continents put together.Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees FDialogueM: Have you eaten yet?W: No, I haven’t, and I’m hungry.M: Me too. Let’s go out for dinner.W: Where to?M: What about Joe’s Italian?W: How many times have you eaten there?M: I eat there a lot. It’s one of my favorite places.-Why is she hungry?–She hasn’t eaten yet.W: I went there two weeks ago, and the service was terrible.M:Really? Then let’s go someplace else.-Why doesn’t she want to go to Joe’s Italian?–She went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible.M: What do you suggest?W: How about the Royal Indian? It’s not far from here.M: I’ve never heard of it. Is it good?W: Yes, I’ve been there several times, and I’ve never been disappointed. -What’s one reason she suggests Royal Indian?–It’s not far away.-Has she been to the Royal Indian before?–Yes, she has.M: OK, let’s try it. I haven’t eaten Indian food for a long time.W: You won’t be disappointed, and the prices are reasonable.M: Ah, so you mean I’m going to pay.W: Well, that would certainly be nice.-How expensive is the restaurant?–It’s reasonably priced.M: What about reservations?W: If we get there early enough, we won’t need them.M: I hope you are right.W: Don’t worry, if we have to wait, I’ll pay the bill.-What would happen if they don’t get there early enough?–They may have to wait.When she went there two weeks ago, the service was awful.She has been there several times.Level 4 unit 1 part2ListeningToday Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco. They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south.Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.-How heavy was the traffic?–There were almost no cars.After driving for an hour and a half, they stopped and had breakfast. They ordered pancakes and coffee.They also had some fresh fruit.When they finished eating, it was seven o’clock.Then they got back into the car, and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.An hour later, they stopped for gas.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.-How did they order for breakfast?–They ordered pancakes and coffee.-What did they do after they finished eating?–They got back into the car and drove south.It’s now 1:15 (one fifteen), and they are in Yosemite Park.They have been there for two hours, since 11:15(eleven fifteen).They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park. The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.-When did they arrive at the park?–They got there at 11:15.In another fifteen minutes, they planned to eat lunch at a magnificent oldhotel in the park.It was built in 1927 and has a great view.They wanted to stay there but they couldn’t get reservations.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.-When do you need to make reservations?–You need to make reservations several months in advance.-Why couldn’t they get reservations?–They didn’t reserve early enough.They planned to stay in the park until around four o’clock.By then, they will have been in the park for nearly five hours.Then they will get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco. They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.If the traffic isn’t too bad, they should be back in San Francisco by ten o’clock.-When do they expect to be back in San Francisco?–They expect to be back by 10 o’clock.-How long would they have been in the park if they leave as scheduled?–For nearly 5 hours.Early tomorrow morning, they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she is looking forward to it. And tomorrow night they have something special planned.They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US. Andthe San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.-What does she hope to see from the coast?–She hopes to see whales.-What are they going to do tomorrow morning?–They are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge.VocabularyA force is a push or a pull on an object.A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The Earth is a planet that goes around the sun in a circular orbit.The speed of its motion doesn’t change, but the direction of its motion does.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface which helps to support life. Atoms are the building blocks of matter.At the center of an atom is its nucleus which has a positive electric charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons which have a negative charge. Asteroids and comets are objects that obey our sun, but are smaller than planets.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects.The layer of gases just above the Earth’s surface is our atmosphere.The atmosphere is made of gases such as oxygen and nitrogen. Withoutan atmosphere there would be no life on Earth.If they collide with Earth they could cause an extinction event.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion. Theelectric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.The two lines on the left intersect each other at a right angle which is 90 degrees.The two lines on the right are parallel which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of a rectangle are perpendicular which means they meet a90-degree angle.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel which means they never cross.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is a two dimensional figure with a radius and a circumference which is the distance around the circle. Thearea of a circle is Pi R squared, where R is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume which is four thirds Pi R cubed.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with three side, two of which are perpendicular.To find its area, multiply the length of the two perpendicular sides a and b and divide by 2, A equals 1 half ab.A rectangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 4 sides.DialogueM: Have you finished eating yet?W: No, I haven’t. Why are you in such a hurry?M: I’m sorry, but you are such a slow eater.W: A slow eater? Well, I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow.I don’t see how you can even taste it.M: OK, I’m sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wine?W: No, go ahead. I don’t want you to sit there putting pressure on me.I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.-What does she allow him to do?–She allows him to get another glass of wine.A relaxing evening is the opposite of a high-pressure evening.M: Yes, you are right. I’d like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.W: Work related?M: Yes, it is. I’ve been getting some strange emails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses.Maybe he wants to fire me.His boss wants him to spend less.-What is he afraid of?–He may lose his job.W: Is business bad?M: Yes, it is. But I don’t want to talk about it.W: OK, but I’m a good listener. You can tell me if you’d like to.-What doesn’t he want to talk about?–He doesn’t want to talk about his business.M: Thanks. Maybe some other time.I’ll try to stop thinking about it until when it’s tomorrow.W: Good idea. You need to take a break from work.Your healthy is important, and so am I.M:Yes, you are. I don’t kn ow what I would do without you.To deal with something means to do something about it. Level 4 unit 1 part3ListeningHarry is an American businessman.His job requires him to do a lot of travelling.He takes nine or ten trips a year.In the past six months, he has made five trips.Three were to Asia, and two were to Europe.The purpose of his trips is to attend meetings and make presentations. -What does his job require him to do?–Travel a lot.-What is the purpose of his trips?–Attend meetings and make presentations.His job requires him to attend meetings in many countries.Harry loves to travel and he’s travelled to many countries.Most of his trips are for one or two weeks.His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old. He really wanted to see Asia, so he and his friend flew to Tokyo, Japan. -How long are most of his trips?–for one or two weeks.From Tokyo, they travelled around Japan for 2 weeks.The people they met were very nice, but most of them didn’t speak English.Harry tried to speak a little Japanese, but it was difficult.He didn’t do very well.When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him.They didn’t understand what he was trying to say.-What language did he try to use when he was in Japan?–He tried to speak Japanese.He has made 5 trips in the last 6 months.From Japan, they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China.In China, they visited the Great Wall near Beijing.They stayed in Beijing for a few days, and then boarded a train for Shanghai. It was an overnight train, with sleeping cars.-What kind of train did they take to Shanghai?–It was an overnight train.-How long did they stay in Beijing?–for a few days.During the journey, they enjoyed looking out the window at the countryside. The view from the train was wonderful.Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening.It was a beautiful sunset.-What did they enjoy doing during the journey?–looking out the window at the countryside.-What won’t Harry ever forget?–Watching the beautiful sunset.The journey to Shanghai took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience.On the train, they met a Chinese professor who spoke English.He was a middle-aged man, whose hair was turning grey.He told them about how things were changing in China.It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking.His eyes were full of energy and excitement.-Who did they meet on the train?–a Chinese professor.-What did the professor talk about?–He talked about the many changes China was experiencing.They only stayed in Shanghai a couple of days.Then they returned to the US and went back to school.They had one more year to finish their studies.-Why did they return to the US?–They went back to finish their studies.Harry’s next few trips were to different part of the world.He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries.On one trip, he travelled through the UK and France.On the next trip, he went to Italy and Greece.-How many times did he go to Europe?–He went to Europe twice.After Europe, he travelled to Mexico and South America.In South America he went to Argentina and Brazil.He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.-What countries did he visit in South America?–Both Argentina and Brazil.Then he decided to go back to Asia.But this time he went to Southeast Asia.He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore.Each country had a charm of its own.-Where did he go after he went to South America?–He went to Southeast Asia.-How many countries did he visit in Southeast Asia?–He visited 3 different countries.After all these travel Harry decided to make travel part of his career. He didn’t want to work only in the US.He didn’t want to work only with Americans.He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures. His dream was to work for an international company.-Why did he decide to work for an international company?–he wanted to experience other countries and other cultures.-What was his dream?–working for an international company.5 years ago, his dream came true.Now he is working for a German high-tech company.As part of his job, he has to travel a lot.As a result, he has been to many cities and countries.And he has met many interesting people.-What has happened as a result to his job?–He has been to many countries and met many interesting people.-What kind of company is he working for?–A German hi-tech companyVocabularyA dental cavity is a hole in a tooth.A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth.Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.A crack tooth can be caused by biting down on something hard. Dentists treat a crack tooth by covering it with a crown.A dental X-Ray is a picture of your teeth and gums.An X-Ray shows what can’t be seen on the surface of the teeth and gums. Braces are used by dentists to strengthen teeth over a period of years. Through braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To exact a tooth means to remove it from the mouth.Dentists have to pull hard to exact a tooth.Braces are used on people with crooked teeth or after an injury.Biting down on something hard can be very painful.Dentist often inject something into the gum to block the pain during the extraction process.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a system of arteries and veins.It’s located in the chest, between the lungs, and beats about once per second.The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood.They are bean-shaped organs, and are about 10 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air, with carbon dioxide from the blood.They expand when inhaling air, and contract when exhaling air.The stomach is blow the heart, and is part of the digestive system.It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine.The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys. In an adult, the bladder can hold about half liter of urine.DialogueOfficer: Good evening, sir. You were driving too fast.Driver: really? Was I?Officer: Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.Driver: I’m sorry officer.Officer: OK, I need to see your driver’s license.Driver: Here’s my driver’s license.-Why has he been stopped?–He was driving too fast.He has given his driver’s license to the police officer.Officer: Your license has expired. Are you aware of that?Driver: No sir, that’s a surprise. I didn’t know.Officer: It has expired more than a year ago.-He probably knows that his license has expired, so…-he’s lying.-What has expired?–His driver’s license.Officer: Is this your car?Driver: No sir. It’s a friend’s. I’m borrowing it for a nig ht.-Click the correct choice. –He probably isn’t telling the truth. Officer: Get out of the car, and put your hands behind your back. Driver: Why officer? What have I done?Officer: Just do as I say.Driver: OK, officer, I’m cooperating. Please don’t pus h me.-To cooperate means..–to do as asked.Officer: Get your hands behind your back.Driver: OK, OK.Officer: I’m not asking you, I’m ordering you.Driver: Please officer, I haven’t done anything wrong.-What is he supposed to do?–to put his hands behind his back.-To order someone to do something means…-to command them to do it.Officer: Stay still, and don’t say anything. This is a stolen car. Are you aware of that?Driver: Are you going to arrest me?Officer: What do you think? That’s what we do with car thieves.-Stay still means the same thing as…-Don’t move.-To be aware of means…-to know.Driver: If you let me go, I’ll give you a couple of thousand dollars. I haven’t hurt anybody.Officer: So now you are trying to bribe me. How stupid can you be? Driver:I just don’t want to go back to jail. Give me a break.-What is the driver trying to do?–bribe the officer.Officer: Sure, you’re a nice guy. I’d like to give you a break. But there’s nothing I can do.Driver: Please officer.Officer: OK, where’s the money? Let me see it, and I’ll think about it. -If he takes the money, what would he be taking?–a bribe.-An honest police officer will never…-accept a bribeLevel 4 unit 1 part4ListeningQuick Serve is a successful home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.It was established five years ago, and has been expanding rapidly.In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities.-How many offices has it opened in the past two years?–It has opened offices in 3 new cities.-What services does it provide?–It provides home repair services.-To be reliable means…-to be dependable.Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees.In the last six months, it has hired 50 new employees.The total number of employees in the company is now over 500. Andthe number of customers has increased to more than 5000.-How many people has the company hired in the last 6 months?–It has hired 50 new employees.-Why does it have to hire new employees?–It has been expanding rapidly.The company has also improved its business model.Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers to upgrade their appliances.Quick Serve does this by giving a choice.Customers can choose to repair an appliance, or upgrade it by buying a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee, or buy a new one.-To upgrade something means…-to add features or quality.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation.This is possible because several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts.Quick Serve then installs the new appliance, and removes the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.-How have customers reacted to this service?–Their feedback has been positive.-Who have agreed to give Quick Service big discounts?–Several appliance manufacturers.A high percentage of customers have taken advantage of this new service. As a result, Quick Serve has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Its word of mouth approach to advising has been cost effective.The appliance manufacturers have also been happy with the results.Their growing relationship with Quick Serve has helped to increase their sales.-What has proven to be successful?–Its dedication to high quality service. QuickServe’s approach to business is proving to be successful.The world’s population is growing.There are now over 7 billion people in the world.During the 20th century, the population grows from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. It’s now growing at a rate of aroun d 1.1% per year. Thatmean it increases about 18 million per year.By 2024, the population has expected to be around 8 billion people.-How fast is the world’s population growing?–The growth rate is about 1.1% per year.-What was the population at the end of the 20th century?–around 6 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher.In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%.Since then, the growth rate has declined.It is estimated that the growth rate will be less than 1% by 2020. Bythe year 2050, the growth rate should be even less.-What has happened to the growth rate?–It has declined since the 1960s.It is estimated that the growth rate should be even less.Even with the declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow. But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 15 years the world’s population has more than doubled.It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011. -What has more than doubled in the past 15 years?–the world’s population.The rate of growth varies by country.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is in Africa, is more than twice India’s growth rate.Russia, on the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years. When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.-How do the growth rates of India and China compare?–India’s growth rate is h igherVocabularyCo-founder of Apple, this entrepreneur was a major figure in the computer industry.He was self-centered and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack ma is one of the richest and most famous men in China.He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exams twice. Despite of his many failures, he has built one of the world’s largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of the world’s richest and most famous athletes. He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Much of his success as an athletes is because he practiced harder than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writings on women’s education.In 2012, she was shot in the head and nearly killed.She survived the injur y and became the world’s most famous teenager. Born in 1942, Stephen Hawking is one of the world’s most famous scientists.When he was 23, he was diagnosed with ALS, a real disease of the nerves. Becauseof his disease, he is unable to walk and talk.Though he was difficult to work for, his creative genius inspired others to do great work.Despite his condition, he has made important discoveries about the creation of the universe.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people. They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.It’s often difficult to make friends with a shy person because they won’t open up.Outgoing people enjoy being with others, and are comfortable in social situations.They’re friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometimes they can’t be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.They like people to look at them and pay attention to them.Self-centered people often talk too much and don’t listen enough. Selfish and greedy peop le don’t share things with others.They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation.They can be depended on to get things down.These people can be trusted.Outgoing people often have many friends and can be quite popularDialogueM: Hey, Steven, you know I’m your friend, right?Steven: Sure. I know that. What are you trying to say?M: I’m sorry to say this. But I think you are making a fool of yourself. Steven: how am I making a fool of myself?M: Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.Steven: Taking advantage of me?M: Yes, I think so. She’s just using you.-To use someone means…-to take advantage of them.Steven: So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s OK. I’m using her too.M: What do you mean? Are you joining in love with her?Steven: Yes, I’m in love with her, but that doesn’t mean I’m not using her too.-Steven doesn’t mind if his girlfriend…-is using him.-How does Steven feel about his girlfriend?–He’s in love with her.。
(完整)新版新概念英语第一册课文PDF
Lesson 1 Excuse me!对不起！Listen to the tape then answer this question. Whose handbag is it？听录音，然后回答问题，这是谁的手袋？Excuse me! Yes？Is this your handbag? Pardon？Is this your handbag？ Yes， itis。
Thank you very much。
New Word and expressions 生词和短语excusev。
原谅me pron。
我（宾格）yes adv. 是的isv. be 动词现在时第三人称单数this pron。
这yourpossessive adjective 你的,你们的handbagn。
（女用）手提包pardonint. 原谅，请再说一遍it pron.它thank you感谢你（们）very much非常地参考译文对不起什么事?这是您的手提包吗？对不起,请再说一遍。
这是您的手提包吗？是的,是我的.非常感谢!Lesson 3 Sorry, sir。
对不起，先生.Listen to the tape then answer this question。
听录音，然后回答问题。
这位男士有没有要回他的雨伞？My coat and my umbrella please。
Here is my ticket。
Thank you， sir.Number five.Here's your umbrella and your coat。
This is not my umbrella.Sorry sir。
Is this your umbrella？ No， itisn't.Is this it？ Yes， it is。
Thank you very much.New words and Expressions 生词和短语umbrellan。
七年级英语单词表(上下册)
,.七年级上册英语单词表（新人教版）Starter Unit1good [gud] adj.好的morning ['mɔ:niŋ] n.早晨；上午Good morning! 早上好！hi [hai] interj.(用于打招呼)嗨；喂hello ['hə'ləu] interj.你好；喂afternoon ['ɑ:ftə'nu:n] n.下午Good afternoon! 下午好！evening ['i:vniŋ] n.晚上；傍晚Good evening! 晚上好！how [hau] adv.怎样；如何are [ɑ:] v.是you [ju:, ju] pron.你；你们How are you? 你好吗？I [ai] pron.我am [æm, əm] v.是fine [fain] adj.健康的；美好的thanks interj.n.感谢；谢谢OK ['əu'kei] interj.adv.好；可以HB （铅笔芯）硬黑CD 光盘；激光唱片BBC 英国广播公司Alice ['ælis]爱丽丝（女名）Bob [bɔb] 鲍勃（男名）Cindy 辛迪（女名）Dale [deil] 戴尔（男名）Eric ['erek] 埃里克(男名)Frank [fræŋk] 弗兰克（男名）Grace [greis] 格雷丝（女名）Helen ['helin] 海伦（女名）Starter Unit2what [wɔt] pron.adj.什么is [iz] v.是this [ðis] pron.这；这个in [in] prep.（表示使用语言、材料等）用；以English ['iŋgliʃ] n.英语adj.英格兰的；英语的in English 用英语map [mæp] n.地图cup [kʌp] n.杯子ruler ['ru:lə] n.尺；直尺pen [pen] n.笔；钢笔orange ['ɔrindʒ] n.橙子jacket ['dʒækit] n.夹克衫；短上衣key [ki:] n.钥匙quilt [kwilt] n.被子；床罩,.it [it] pron.它a [ei, ə] art.一(人、事、物）that [ðæt] pron.那；那个spell [spel] v.用字母拼；拼写please [pli:z] interj.请NBA （美国）全国篮球联赛P 停车场；停车位kg n.千克；公斤Starter Unit3color ['kʌlə] n.颜色red [red] adj.n.红色（的）yellow ['jeləu] adj.n.黄色（的）green [gri:n] adj.n.绿色（的）blue [blu:] adj.n.蓝色（的）black [blæk] adj.n.黑色（的）white [wait] adj.n.白色（的）purple ['pə:pl] adj.n.紫色（的）brown [braun] adj.n.褐色（的）；棕色（的）the [ðə, ði] art.指已被提到或易领会到的人或事物now [nau] adv.现在；目前see [si:] v.理解；明白can [kæn] modal v.能；会say [sei] v.说；讲my [mai] pron.我的S （尤指服装的尺码）小号的M （尤指服装的尺码）中号的L （尤指服装的尺码）大号的UFO 不明飞行物CCTV 中国中央电视台Unit1name ['neim] n.名字；名称nice ['nais] adj.令人愉快的；宜人的to [tu:, tu, tə] 常用于原形动词之前，表示该动词为不定式meet [mi:t] v.遇见；相逢too [tu:] adv.也；又；太your [jɔ:] pron.你的；你们的Ms. n.(不指名婚否)女士his [his] pron.他的and [ænd, ənd] conj.和；又；而her [hə:, hə] pron.她的yes [jes] interj.是的；可以she [ʃi:, ʃi] pron.她he [hi:] pron.他no [nəu] interj.不；没有；不是,.not [nɔt] adv.不；没有zero ['ziərəu] num.零one [wʌn] num.一two [tu:] num.二three [θri:] num.三four [fɔ:] num.四five [faiv] num.五six [siks] num.六seven ['seven] num.七eight [eit] num.八nine [nain] num.九telephone ['telifəun] n.电话；电话机number ['nʌmbə] n.号码；数字phone [fəun] n.电话telephone/phone number 电话号码first [fə:st] adj.第一first name n.名字last [lɑ:st] adj.最后的；末尾的last name 姓friend [frend] n.朋友China ['tʃainə] 中国middle ['midl] adj.中间的n.中间school [sku:l] n.学校middle school 中学；初中Gina 吉娜（女名）Jenny ['dʒeni, 'dʒini] 珍妮（女名）Brown [braun] 布朗（姓）Alan ['ælən] 艾伦（男名）Tom [tɔm] 汤姆（男名）Mike [maik] 迈克（男名）Jack [dʒæk]杰克（男名）Mary ['mɛəri] 玛丽（女名）Miller ['milə] 米勒（姓）Linda ['lində] 琳达（女名）Jane [dʒein] 简（女名）Green [gri:n] 格林（姓）Smith [smiθ] 史密斯（姓）Unit2sister [sistə] n.姐；妹mother ['mʌðə] n.母亲；妈妈father ['fɑ:ðə] n.父亲；爸爸parent ['pɛərənt] n.父（母）亲brother ['brʌðə] n.兄；弟grandmother ['grænd'mʌðə] n.（外）祖母；奶奶；外婆；姥姥grandfather ['grænd'fɑ:ðə] n.（外）祖父；爷爷；,.外公；姥爷grandparent ['grændp erənt] n.祖父（母）；外祖父（母）family ['fæmili] n.家；家庭those [ðəuz] pron.那些who [hu:] pron.谁；什么人oh [əu] int.哦；啊these [ði:z] adv.这些they [ðei] pron.他(她、它)们well [wel] interj.嗯；好吧have [hæv, həv] v.经受；经历day [dei] n.一天；一日；白天Have a good day! （表示祝愿）过得愉快！bye [bai] 再见son [sʌn] n.儿子cousin ['kʌzn] n.堂兄(弟、姐、妹)；表兄(弟、姐、妹)grandpa ['grænpɑ:] n.(口语)（外）祖父；爷爷；外公；姥爷mom [mɔm] n.（=mum）妈妈aunt [ɑ:nt] n.姑母；姨母；伯母；婶母；舅母grandma ['grænmɑ:] n.(口语)（外）祖母；奶奶；外婆；姥姥dad [dæd] n.爸爸uncle ['ʌŋkl] n.舅父；叔父；伯父；姑父；姨父daughter ['dɔ:tə] n.女儿here [hiə] adv.这就是；在这里photo ['fəutəu] n.照片of [ɔv, əv] prep.属于；关于next [nekst] n.adj.下一个（的）；接下来（的）picture ['piktʃə] n.照片；图画girl [gə:l] n.女孩dog [dɔg] n.狗Sally ['sæli] n.萨莉（女名）Kate [keit] n.凯特（女名）Paul [pɔ:l] n.保罗（男名）Unit3pencil ['pensl] n.铅笔book [buk] n.书eraser [i'reizə] n.橡皮box [bɔks] n.箱；盒pencil box 铅笔盒；文具盒schoolbag n.书包dictionary ['dikʃənəri] n.词典；字典his [his] pron.他的mine [main] pron.我的,.hers [hə:z] pron.她的excuse [iks'kju:z, iks'kju:s] v.原谅；宽恕me [mi:, mi] pron.我excuse me 劳驾；请原谅thank [θæŋk] v.感谢；谢谢teacher ['ti:tʃə] n.老师；教师about [ə'baut] prep.关于What about...? …怎么样？…好吗？yours [jɔ:z] pron.你的；你们的for [fɔ:, fə] prep.为了；对thank you for... 为…而感谢help [help] v.n.帮助；援助welcome ['welkəm] adj.受欢迎的You're welcome 别客气。
人教版新版初中英语单词
七年级上2013新教材人教版七年级英语上册单词表带音标人教版七年级下册单词表（含音标）Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?Unit 2 What time do you go to school?Unit 3 How do you get to school?Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.2013年新人教版（go for it)八年级上册英语单词Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?Unit4 What's the best movie theater?Unit6 I'm going to study computer science.Unit 7 Will people have robots?Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?Unit 9 Can you come to my party?Unit10 If you go to the party,you 'll have a great time!八年级下英语单词Unit 1 What’s the matter?Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Unit 4 Why do’t you talk to your parents?Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.九年级Words and Expressions in Each UnitUnit 1/{lIgz nd@r/ Graham/greI@m/Bell/bel/v. (stole/st l/,stolen/st l n/)偷；窃取/n@Ub@di/,/n@Ub:di/pron.Unit 4/gr ns n/Unit 5 /gl:s/,/gl s//prses/,/prA:ses//p m/。
懂你英语L3unit1精细校对无错版
U n i t1-1L i s t e n i n gCathy usually gets up at 6:30, but this morning she didn’t hear her alarm. As a result, she overslept. She didn’t get up until 7:00, 30 minutes later than usual. As a result, she didn’t have time to cook breakfast for her children.Today Cathy and her kids left home early. They usually leave home at 7:30 but today they left home at 7:15. They left early because they had to buy breakfast on their way to school. It usually takes 45 minutes to drive her kids to school but today it took longer. It took them longer because they stopped for breakfast along the way. It took 15 minutes for them to have breakfast. They ate at a little coffee shop along the side of the road.After eating breakfast, they got back into their car. On most days, the tr affic isn’t too bad in the morning, but this morning it was much worse than usual. The cars were moving very slowly. As a result, it took them longer than usual to get to school.One of her children got to school on time but the other two were late. They were late because their schools are farther away. They were both about 10 minutes late to school.When Cathy finally got home, she cleaned her house as usual. She vacuumed the living room and cleaned the bathroom. Then she talked with her friend on the phone as usual.When she finished talking with her friend, she got into her car. She put the key into the ignition and tried to start the engine. But her car’s engine didn’t start. Her car battery was dead so she had to call for help. After getting a new battery for her car, the engine started.Then Cathy drove to the mall to meet her friend. She arrived to the mall an hour late but her friend was waiting for her. They had lunch together and then they went shopping. They both brought new shoes and something for their kids. Cathy brought a new tie for her husband.It’s now 3:00 and everything is going as usual. Cathy doesn’t want anything else to go wrong. She wants the rest of the day to go as usual. She doesn’t want any more surprises. And tomorrow she won’t oversleep. She never wants to oversleep again.Here is a bus schedule at bus stop. On most days, the buses come on schedule but sometimes they don’t. Yesterday for example, several buses were late. This is because the traffic yesterday was much heavier than usual.Bus number 38 was supposed to come at 8:40 but it was 5 minutes late. It didn’t come until 8:45. Bus number 60 was supposed to come at 8:30, but yesterday it didn’t come until 8:40. It was 10 minutes late. Not one bus came early. As a result of the delays, one man got on the wrong bus. He wanted to go to the airport so he wanted to get on the bus number 38. He expected it to come at 8:40. Instead he got on the bus number 60, which came at 8:40. He didn’t notice that it was the wrong bus. It didn’t go to the airport. As a result, he missed his flight.Unit 1-1 vocabularyWeddings are where two people get married. This man and women are getting married.The building in the middle is an office building. Many people come to work here during the week. There people are at the dance party. The woman in the green dress is dancing with her boyfriend. There two people are meeting for the first time. They are shaking hands.This young boy is brushing his teeth. He brushes his teeth several times a day.The triangle is inside the square. The square is around the triangle.The triangle is inside the circle. The circle is around the triangle.The square is inside the triangle. The triangle is around the square.The circle is between two small squares. There’s a square on either side of the circle.The circle is on the left of a rectangle. The rectangle is on the right of the circle.Candies and cakes are sweet because they are made with a lot of sugar. Eating too many sweets isn’t good for your teeth.Lemons and grapefruit taste a little sour so some people don’t like them. Some sour tasting foods have a lot of vitamin C.These red peppers are very hot and spicy. Eating hot or spicy rises body temperature, so don’t eat them before going to bed.These foods are deep fried and greasy. Greasy foods have a lot of Calories so don’t eat them if you want to lose weight.Healthy foods are usually natural and don’t include dangerous chemicals. Fruits and vegetables are examples of the healthy foods.Unit 1-1 dialogueHey wh ere are you. I don’t see you anywhere.I’m on the subway.My flight arrived early and I’m tired.I’m sorry to be late. I’ll be there as fast as I can.Where are you now?There are 3 more sto ps. I’ll be there in 10 minutes.I’ll meet you at the bus stop i n front of terminal 2. Then we can get a taxi.Ok, I’ll look for you in front of terminal 2. See you soon.What’s the matter Tom?I don’t feel well.Are you sick?No, I don’t think so. I’m just tired.Didn’t you get enough sleep?No, I didn’t. I went to bed later than usual last night.What time did you go to bed?I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock.Why did you stay up so late?I was watching some videos online.What kind of videos?Music videos from all over the world.Really!Sure, I’ll send you some links if you like.Thank, I like music videos too. They are really fun.Just don’t stay up too late.Don’t worry. I won’t stay up too late. I need my sleep.Unit 1-2 ListeningOur planet, the earth is the third planet from the sun. It is a beautiful, rotating sphere. The side facing the sun is in daylight. The side facing away from the sun is in darkness. For example, when it’s daytime in US, it nighttime in China. In fact, there’s 12-hour time difference between Boston and Shanghai. When it’s mid night in Shanghai, it’s noon in Boston. The earth rotates from west to ea st. To know which direction is west or east, watch the sun.The sun travels through the sky from east to west. The sun comes up in the east and goes down in the west. Again, this is because the earth rotates. It takes 24 hours for the earth to make a complete rotation. And that is the length of one day.Because of the earth’s rotation, the earth is divided into time zones. Some countries, such as US, has several time zones. When it’s10 am in New York, it’s 7 am in San Francisco. Europe and the US are separated by several time zones. When it’s 5 pm in Paris, it’s 11 am in Boston. So there is a 6 hours different between Paris and Boston. One large country, China, has just one timezone for the whole country. As a result, at the same time, some parts of the country can be dark and other parts can be light.As you travel around the earth, the time changes. The time of day depends on your location on the planet. When you travel east or west, you may cross several time zones. For example, if you travel from Beijing to Los Angeles, you may cross 8 time zones. That means, when it’s noon on Sunday inChina, it 8 pm on Saturday in Los Angeles. For travelers, this means it can be very difficult to sleep after a long flight. The clock may say 8 pm, but for your body, it’s noon. This is called jet lag.Kim is a popular Korean actress. She’s 28 years old, slim and beautiful. She has a large fan club and her movies are very popular. Everywhere she goes, her fans want her autograph. But Kim wants more. She wants to be popular all over the world. Tomorrow is a special day for her, she is leaving for Hollywood. She’s going to Hollywood to meet with some top movie executives. The meeting is scheduled for the day after tomorrow. If the meeting goes well, she’ll be in a Hollywood movie. This is her chance to become a star. She met the movie’s director last year. He came to Korean and saw her latest movie. After that, he decided to use her in his new movie. Fortunately, Kim’s English is excellent, so she can play the role.The director wants her to play a major role in the movie. The movie’s story will take place in the future. At that time, the world will be a very different place. Unfortunately, much of the world will be polluted. Robots will do much of the work and only the very rich can have a good life. The ending of the movie is still a secret. Even Kim doesn’t know how it will end. But she hopes it will have a happy ending. She wants people to have hope for a better future.Unit 1-2 vocabularyThese people are having a meeting. The woman is giving a presentation.This person is having a scary dream. In his dream, something is chasing him, so he’s running as fast as he can.This old man is a tourist. He is looking out the window of his tour bus.This young couple is in an art museum. They are looking at a famous painting.The sun is setting behind the mountains. The sky is turning red.The longest line is the one on the top. The top line is the longest of the 3 lines.The shortest line the one in the middle. The line in the middle is shorter than the other two.The bottom line is the shortest. The shortest of these 3 lines is the one on the bottom.The shirt on the left is more expensive than the shirt on the right. The shirt on the right is less expensive than the shirt on the left. The shirt on the left isn’t as expensive as the one on the right. The shirt on the left costs less than the one on the right.Winter is the coldest season because the sun is at the lowest point in the sky. Winter sports include skiing and ice skating.Summer is the hottest season because the sun is at the highest point in the sky. Many people like to go swimming in summer because of the hot weather.Spring is the season when the weather gets warmer each day. For many animals, new life begins in the spring.Autumn is the season when the weather begins to cool and the days begin to shorten. Autumn is when the trees turn many colors and leaves fall to the ground.Rainy season is the season when some countries get most of the rainfall. Rainy season usually lasts one or two months.Unit 1-2 dialogueHi, I’m sorry to be late.What happened? You were supposed to be here an hour ago.Yes, I know. But I missed my flight.You missed your flight. How did that happen?I got on a wrong bus this morning so I was late to the airport. By the time I arrived, the gate was closed.What did you do then?I had to rebook a flight and get on the waiting list.Oh, that’s too bad. At least you got here.Yes, it wasn’t easy getting on the next flight. I had to run to the gate.This kind of thing happens a lot lately. Last week, I missed a flight too.What happened?There was a traffic accident near the airport.You were driving?No, I wasn’t. I was in a taxi. But it took a long time to get to the airport.The traffic was stopped for nearly 15 minutes.By the time I got there, it was too late to get on the flight.The next flight wasn’t for another 3 hours. So it was a long wait.From now on, I’ll try to get to the airport much earlier.Me too.What’s the matter? Why do you look so sad?Ada has a new job. She’s going to Beijing.Really, when did she leaving?She’s leaving at the end of next week.That soon?Yes, she just told me.That’s too bad. I really enjoy working with her.Me too. I’m going to miss her.Let’s have a going away party for her.Good idea! How about this weekend?Friday evening would be better. We can have it after work. Yes, Friday is better. Let’s go to her favorite restaurant ok.Which one? The Italian one or the German one?The Italian one has better food, so let’s go there. Their pizza is awesome.Ok, I’ll make the reservation.Let me check with Ada first. We don’t want her to miss her party.Yeah, that’s for sur e. And could you please invite everyone in the office?Sure, no problem. Nobody will want to miss it.Unit 1-3 ListeningPaul is a very successful businessman. He owns several restaurants. All of them are doing well. In fact, they are very profitable. To be profitable means that their income is more than their expenses. As a result, he is making a lot of money.Paul wants to buy a new car. He’s trying to decide which car to buy. He has plenty of money. As a result, he isn’t worr ied about the cost. He can afford any expensive car.On the other hand, he doesn’t want to waste money. He wants a car he can rely on. It has to be safe and reliable, especially in the cold winter weather. If a car breaks down in a bad weather, it can be very dangerous.Paul wants to help reduce the pollution and smog. He would like to buy a clean car something good for environment. He’s thinking about bu ying a Tesla. The Tesla is an all electric car. It uses batteries instead of gasoline. There is not exhaust so it doesn’t pollute the air. However, the car can’t go very far without recharging the battery. To charge the battery, you can plug it into an electrical outlet. Recharging the battery takes time.One of Paul’s friends has one and he’s quite happy with it. He says it’s relia ble and well-engineered. There are also several charging stations near Paul’s office. So he isn’t worr ied about that. The cost for charging the battery is low. It’s less expensive than paying for gasoline.His wife Cathy also likes the idea of buying an electric car. She likes the idea of driving a clean car, so it makes sense. In the future, there may be driverless cars. These may be very safe but Paul doesn’t like them. He enjoys driving. He likes to be in control of his car.The man in the middle is the heaviest. The man in the middle is heavier than the other two.The woman on the left is smarter than the man on the right. The man isn’t as smart as the woman is. The woman is standing under a bridge. The bridge is above the woman.There is a bridge over the river. The river is flowing beneath the bridge.The water is flowing over a waterfall. The waterfall is very high and beautiful.People need passports to travel internationally. With the passport, you cannot leave your country or enter another country. You need a driver’s license to drive a car. It is against the law to drive without a driver’s license.Many people use credit cards to buy things on credit. When you have a credit card, you don’t need to carry cash.Smartphones are very useful and can do many things. You can use them to make phone calls, play games or go shopping on the internet.We need to buy ticket in order to take a train or watch a sport event. You can often buy tickets online and sometimes you can get a discount.Banks are where people can deposit or withdraw money. You can also use online banking to pay bills such as your credit card bill.Hotels are where travelers can stay overnight or for several days. If you plan to stay at hotel, you should make a reservation.Restaurants are where people go to eat with friends or family. There are many different kinds of restaurants such as Indian, Italian or Chinese restaurants.Repair shops are where people go to fix things which are broken or not working right. This repair shop fixes cars and can check to see if it’s safe to drive.Coffee shops are favorite place to meet new people or take a break from the office. They are usually less expensive than restaurants.I’m tired of going out to eat. Let’s eat at home tonight.Ok. Are you going to cook?No, it’s too late. And you know I’m not a good cook. Let’s order something.What do you have in mind?I was thinking about a nice big pizza.Again? I had pizza last night so please no pizza.Ok, no pizza. Let’s order Chinese food ok?Sweet and sour? You always like sweet and sour. I feel like eating something hot and spicy.OK, you order something hot and spicy and I order sweet and sour. I don’t want anything spicy. My stomach doesn’t feel good. It’s a bit upset.Ok, if you want sweet and sour, then I will have that too. And I will make some salad with lots of tomatoes. How long will it take for the food to get here?I don’t know. I’ll call and find out.Thanks, hopefully it won’t take longer than an hour. I’m getting hungry.Hey, what did you do last night?I took a long walk from my hotel.You didn’t get lost.No, I didn’t.Where did you go? Anywhere interesting?I walked to the river. There were thousands of people there.You went to the river? How long did it take you to walk there?It took around 20 minutes.Did you see anything interesting?I was really surprised by how many people were there.Many of them were taking pictures and selfies. Lots of selfies.Do you take selfies?Sure, don’t you?Sometimes, but my girlfriend takes a lot of selfies. Then she shares them with her friends online. I don’t understand why people like to take so many pictures of themselves.That’s because you are old-fashioned.Am, I guess you’re right. There’s so much social media for me. When I go to a restaurant, I see many people looking at their smartphones. They don’t even look at the people they are with.Times are changing, my friend whether you like it or not.Unit 1-4 ListeningChristina sells wom en’s clothing in the department store. She usually works 6 days a week but this week she’s going to take 3 days off. She is taking time off so that she can visit her parents. Her parents live in the mountains, about 3 hours away by train. They are looking forward to seeing her. They haven’t seen her for almost a year. Christina is their only child.Christina isn’t going on the trip by herself. Her boyfriend is going with her. She’s going to introduce him to her parents. She and her boyfriend want to get married. If everything goes well, they plan to get married in 6 months. After they get married, Christina plans to quit her job. She wants to spend more time designing clothes. She wants to set up her own business. This will take time. Her boyfriend thinks i t’s a good idea. He is also thinking about starting his own business.They don’t plan to have children right away. In fact, they may decide not to have children. They don’t know yet. It’s going to be a big decision. Christina’s parents want her to get mar ry and have children. They are looking forward to having grandchildren. They don’t want her to start her own business. They think it’s more important to have children. In fact, they would like her to live closer to them. They want to be close to their grandchildren.So Christina doesn’t plan to tell her parents everything. For now, she just wants them to meet her boyfriend. She wants them to be happy that she is going to get married. She wants them to like him and see her happiness. She wants her parents t o accept her way of life. Life isn’t the same now as it used to be. Times are changing.Unit 1-4 vocabularyMechanics, like this one, fix cars. He is working in a repair shop.A delivery person delivers things such as pizzas. This person works for a restaurant.A pharmacist sells medicines. Pharmacists like this woman, work in a pharmacy.Thieves, like this one, steal things. This thief is stealing a television from a home.A musician, like this one, plays music. This musician is playing a guitar.These people are wearing masks because of the smog. One cause of smog is automobile exhaust.It’s raining hard so you need an umbrella. Heavy rain like this can cause flooding and mudslides. When the sky is overcast(天阴的，多云的), we can’t see the sun because of the clouds. A cloudy sky means that it might rain.We need to wear a coat when it’s cold and windy. In a very strong wind, it’s difficult to use umbrella. We need to drink water or other liquids when it’s hot outside. When it’s really hot, most people turn on the air-conditioning.Here are some different types of things to read. Works of fiction includes narration, short stories and plays such as Shakespeare. We read fiction to enjoy stories of imagination and adventure. People read the news to learn ab out what’s happening in the world. We can get the news in newspapers and online. When we buy something, we often need to read an introduction manual. Introduction manuals show us how to put together or install things. Non-fiction works include biographies(传记)and books about science and history. We read non-fiction to learn about different subjects and real people. We can learn about the latest scientific research in journals and academic papers. Many online university courses give a list of research papers to read.Unit 1-4 dialogueWhat’s wrong?I can’t walk. My left foot hurts.Is it broken?I don’t know if broken but it sure hurts.There’s one way to find out if it’s broken.How?You need to see a doctor. The doctor can X-ray your foot.Ok, let’s go.I can’t walk by myself. Can you help me into a taxi?Sure, I’ll call a taxi. I’ll get you to a hospital as soon as possible.Thanks, I’m sure hope it isn’t broken.We’ll find out s oon enough.I don’t feel like cooking tonight. Let’s go out.Where would you like to go?I feel like eating some great Italian food.How about Al’s Italian? It’s always good.We went there last week. Let’s try something new. You have no imagination. You always want to go to the same place.Right, I don’t like unpleasant sur prises. I just want things to be simple.OK. Let’s compromise.What does that mean? What do you mean by compromise?Let’s go 50-50. This time we’ll go some places new and next time we can go to one of your favorites. Ok, I’ll compromise and make your h alfway.Good, I’ll leave for something new and make reservations.Great, let’s not go too late.I’ll make reservations for 8. Is that ok? Yes, perfect.。
懂你英语LevelUnitPart新编
-他们的父亲喜欢做什么？
-Billlikestosing.
-比尔喜欢唱歌。
Lisalovesmusic.
丽莎喜欢音乐。
Sheplaystheviolin.
她拉小提琴。
Shepracticeseveryday.
她每天都在练习。
Withpractice,shecanplaybetter.
他们都在学校教书。
Theydon’tteachatthesameschool.
他们不在同一所学校任教。
Helenteachesataprimaryschool.
海伦在一所小学任教。
Herstudentsarebetween7and9yearsold.
她的学生年龄在7到9岁之间。
Billteachesinasmalluniversity.
丽莎：你有照片吗？
Tom:Yes,Ihaveapictureonmyphone.
汤姆：是的，我的手机上有一张照片。
Lisa:Wow,sheisabeautifulcat.
丽莎：哇，她是一只漂亮的猫。
Tom:Thanks,Ithinksotoo.
-谁在桌子的另一边？-女孩在桌子的另一边。
-Whoisonthissideofthetable?-Theboyisonthissideofthetable.
-谁在桌子的这一边？-男孩在桌子的这一边。
Buyit
买吧
She’sbuyingadress.
她正在买一件衣服。
Sellit.
卖掉它。
Thisshopsellsflowers.
-丽莎擅长什么？-她擅长语言。
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U n i t2-1l i s t e n i n g退休和投资Walter wants to retire within the next few years. He has been working at the same company for over 15 years as an accountant. During that time, he’s been saving his money and paying off that debt. However, even with his savings an d investments, he isn’t sure that he will have enough money for retirement. If it doesn’t, he will have to keep on working, which depends on the company. For now, the company is ok. But it’s no longer growing as fast as it used to. Whether or not he can keep on his working will also depend on his health. Fortunately, he is in good health. But he knows that that could change in any time. If he fell down or had a stroke, it could force him to stop working. If that happened, he would have to rely on his savings and other assets to survive. Soon or later, he knows his health will decline and he will have to stop working. So he needs to prepare.Most of his wealth is in the form of company stock and the value of his home. Both of these are at risk. The company stock may go down and the value of his home may also fall. The company he works for is a pharmaceutical(制药的) company. It develops new drugs which is risky business and sells them worldwide. It’s expensive to develop new drugs and it can take a very long tim e to get a new drug approved. Without government approval, it can’t be sold, which can result in a huge loss. Another threat the company comes from foreign competition, which is getting stronger. The company has also started to move some of its researches and production facilities oversees. Salary level is lower there, and the quality of the foreign workers is getting better. As a result, the company has to reduce its local hiring and it’s no longer giving large bonuses.One thing he is considering, is to sell his share in the company. He could begin to sell a little at a time and reinvest the money in somewhere else. But where would he invest He doesn’t know much about investing and several of his friend have lost a lot by making a bad investment. Investing in real restate or the stock market could be very risky. In the best case, he will make a lot of money. If that happened, he could finally retire and enjoy a comfortable life. On the other hand, in the worst case, his investments could result in a huge l oss. If that happened, he wouldn’t be able to enjoy his retirement. He wouldn’t be able to travel or do any of things that he’s dreamed about doing. So now he has to decide what he should do. Should he begin to sell his stock in the company or should he wait until he actually needs the money. If he sold now, he will have to decide what to do with the money. His investment could turn out well or it could turn out to be a disaster. On the other hand, if you decide to wait, anything will depend on his company. The one advantage he has with this options is he’s being on the inside of the company. With his insider information, he can predict the company’s shot-term future. This is especially true because as an account, he has an access to the company’s financial data. If things start to go badly, he can begin to sell his stock and avoid a big loss. Otherwise, it’s probably safer to keep the stock and hope that the company does well even if its growth rate declines. So for now, that is probably what he should do. If you were he, what would you doUnit 2-1 dialogue 非洲和巴黎旅行So, where should we go on our vacation. What about AfricaAfrica, no, that’s not for me. Why do you want to go the AfricaI’d like to get out and see the wildlife, the drama of nature! We could se e some of the great migrations. Wow, you are adventurer. What about food and diseases What about terrorism.Sure something that could happen. But if we never take any risks, we won’t have an interesting life. I don’t want to have a boring life.So, you think I’m boring then, right.Well, you’re certainly not the most exciting person. What plays thing safe and secure.I don’t mind take a few risks but it’s got to be worth it. Watching animals migrate is something I could see in a documentary. And I don’t like the idea of being around predators(肉食动物), like lions and hyenas(鬣狗).Ok, my brave man. What would you like to doWell, I’ve been thinking about it. I think it’s nice to go to Paris in the fall and visit some museums. We can go to a concert and go to see a ballet.Ah, we’ve been to Paris before. That’s exciting about it and I’m tired of museums. Any other ideasOne place that might be interesting is in South America, Machu Picchu. It’s an abandoned city way up in the mountain Peru.Yes, I’ve heard o f it. that might be interesting.Should we look into itSure, you look into it and I’ll get some information about trips to Africa.So your heart is ready set on Africa, isn’t itYes, it really is. I need something exciting in my life now. all I do work and be with you. I need a change. Don’t you ever feel that wayOK, I hear you. Let’s go to Africa. And don’t blame me if you get sick along the way.Great, you are not so bad after all. I can always depend on you.Be careful. Maybe one of these days I will surprise you.Unit 2-1 reading 在线相亲和运动受伤Is online dating killing loveA fair maiden is guarded by a dragon. A handsome prince must slay(杀) the dragon to save her. Then, magically, they fall in love and live happily ever after.Traditional stories tend to emphasize the fantastic, magical side of love. Fate plays matchmaker(媒人). Strangers see each other from across a room and instantly know that they are destined to be together.It isn’t difficult to imagine two strangers coming together and falling in love despite their differences. It suggests that love is challenging, uncertain and incomprehensible.But with more people using online dating services, a very different kind of love has emerged: one that is scientific, convenient, and self-directed. It minimizes risk and provides a choice, like on a menu. There is anonymity and avoidance(逃避) of immediate rejection. Meeting terms are negotiated online.Online dating also allows the setting of preconditions. Computer algorithms(程序) exclude undesirable traits(个性/特征) such as the wrong hair color, race or age. But they also exclude randomness. They reduce the chances of meeting someone different, or someone who could challenge one’s romantic ideals. Instead, they find the partner we think we want and exclude everyone else. As a result, we could be missing the opportunity of a lifetime, to meet someone we would never have expected to fall in love with.Perhaps this new way represents a more efficient form of romance. Traditional ideas of love may be enchanting(迷人的) – but are they useful Loneliness and boredom are less exciting than chance encounters, but they represent the more realistic side of love. All too often people have suffered through had dates and humiliations(羞辱).If they could just choose what they wa nted. Wouldn’t it save time and reduce suffering However, by choosing partners based on our preconceived ideas, we may be indulging in our illusions. Instead of letting ourselves grow with someone, love becomes more about looking for ourselves in the other. What if we don’t know ourselves as well as we think Perhaps love isn’t about knowing what we want. Perhaps it’s about being open to unimagined possibilities.Sport injuriesSport injuries are injuries that happen to athletes participating in sporting events. In many cases, these types of injuries are due to overuse of a part of the body. For example, runner’s knee is a painful conditionassociated with running, while tennis elbow is a form of repetitive stress injury at the elbow. Other types of injuries, such as a broken bone, can be caused by hard contact with something. Injuries are a common occurrence in professional sports, and most teams have a staff of trainers and close connections to the medical community. Controversy has arisen at times when teams have made decisions that could threaten a player’s long-term health for short-team gain.Sport injuries can be classified as either traumatic(外伤的) or overuse injuries. Traumatic injuries account for most injuries in contact sports such as soccer, rugby(英式橄榄球), and American football. This is of course due to the dynamic and high collision nature of these games. These injuries range from bruises and muscle strains to fractures and head injuries.A bruise is damage to small blood vessels which causes bleeding within the tissues. A muscle strain is a small tear of muscle fibers and a ligament sprain(韧带拉伤) is a small tear of ligament tissue. The body’s response to these injuries is the same in the initial five-day period immediately following the incident –inflammation(发炎). Inflammation is characterized by pain, localized swelling, heat, redness and a loss of function.Inflammation is the first phase of healing, and typically lasts for around five days. However, too much of an inflammatory response can mean that the healing process will take longer, and a return to activity is delayed. Sports injury treatments are intended to minimize the inflammatory phase of an injury so that the overall healing process is accelerated.Runner’s knee is a painful injury that’s due to overuse.Inflammation is the first phase of healing and typically lasts for around 5 days.Unit 2-2 listening 情态动词Now that you have studied in English at a high lever, let’s get a better understanding of the models. By now, you should already have a good understanding of what they meant. There are the models which are used to express the degree of certainty.Will shall may canThese models are used to make predictions, judgements and speculations. They indicate how much a speaker knows about the likelihood of an event.First, the model will express certainty as in if you heat water, it will boil. Based on what is known, the speaker is certain it would happen.The model may express possibility, as in it may rain this evening, but I’m not sure. Based on what is known, the speaker asserts that event is possible rather than certain or impossible.The model can express the potentiality or ability, as in he can afford it, but he may decide not to buy.The model “shall” is a bit different from othe rs. Tina shall be there means the speaker is determined that Tina will be there. In other words, the speaker is determined to get her to come and would try to influence events to make it happen. We would never say it shall rain. Nobody can make it rain so whether it rain or not is beyond one’s control. If some were to say that, it would seem as they were claiming the power to control or influence nature. Know that the question shall I open the door invites the person who is asked to make a decision. Whether or not the door is open depends on the person’s answer. In contrast, will I open the door ask for a prediction rather a decision.Know what these models can be weakened or removed or by some of these pass time form.Would should might couldWe would go if we had more money but we don’t. this sentence expresses the speaker’s certainty of going if they had more money, which they don’t. so the certain prediction exists but in an imaginary or unreal situation. The model might express less possibility than may so might go is less likely than may go. The models could express less potentiality than can and it’s often used in conditionals(从句). If he could comeexpresses less potential than if he can come. If he could come, we would all be happier expresses the feeling that in fact he can’t come.Here are the second sets of model.Must, should, had, better oughtThese models express degree of logical force or social expectations. Know that none of them has a past time or weakened form.The first one must indicates logical or social necessity. It expresses the strongest logical or social force.The model should and ought to assert that something is probably or expected but not necessary.The model had better expresses advice or ability. In other words, if someone had better do something, they should do it or there may be negative consequences. Therefore, had better has a feeling of threat, as in you had better be there. This isn’t the same as you should do it, which means you are expected to do it but without an applied threat if you don’t.One interesting rule is that no more than one model can be used with any verb. There are no exceptions to this rule. Therefore, it’s incorrect to say “he will must be there”. To avoid breaking this rule, there are other words that have the same meaning but are not models. The case of must, for example, we use have to, as in we will have to be there. Similarly, we cannot say he may can come. Instead, we say he may be able to come. One last thing to know about models. We use the same form regardless of what the subject is. If the subject is I, it, we or they, we use the same form will. We would never say “we wills be there”. But with non-model form, such as have to, we must change the form to match the subject. He has to be there and I have to be there.We shall overcome all obstacles express determination to make it happen.We don’t know for sure but there is still a possibility that they can leave on Friday.Unit 2-2 dialogue 感情和分手What’s wrong You look awful.My boyfriend a nd I had just had another fight. I think I’m going to break up with him.Hey, you’ve said that before. Calm down. Is that really what you want to doYeah, I think so. I don’t see any future in our relationship.Is that anyone else you’re interested inNo, but there are some guys on the internet who have sent my messages.What You’ve been online.Sure, just for fun.It’s nice to know that I can meet people if I want to.Does your boyfriend know about itNo, if he knew, he would be furious. He can be very jealous and he has a violent temper.Anyway, what was your fight aboutIt’s just the way he talked to me. He never shows any interested in what I’m doing or in what I’m feeling. if I had a bad headache or anything he says nothing.So who started the fightHe came over and wanted to kiss me and I turned away. I told him I didn’t feel anything for him right then. So then he got angry and we both blew up. Now we are not talking to each other.Oh is that all That kind of thing is normal. Maybe you’re overre acting.No, it’s just that I’m beginning to realize that I don’t feel anything for him anymore.Our relationship is getting cold. We don’t feel appreciated.Well then maybe you should break up for a while and start seeing other men. But be careful. If I were you, I wouldn’t start seeing anyone else until I break up first.What do you think soIf he sees that you’re serious about breaking up, he may change.Maybe, but I doubt it.It could be that he feels the same way about you. Maybe he has lost inter est. So it’s best to find out. You need to have a serious conversation with him.You’re right. Maybe it’s time to really find out.Unit 2-2 reading 爱情和旅游胜地马丘比丘The love labHow we communicate with our romantic partners can have a strong impact on the quality of our relationships. Psychologists John and Julie Gottman run the “Love Lab”, where thousands of couples have been studied over the last 30 years. The purpose of their research is to determine the factors that lead to happy and unhappy relationships. From their data, they have concluded that contempt(轻蔑), criticism, defensiveness, and stonewalling are the most significant factors that can hurt a marriage or relationship. Among these, contempt is the biggest predictor of divorce. People who feel contempt for their partner often convey disapproval without addressing the issue. They sometimes label their partner with insulting words such as “lazy”, “stupid” or “emotional” which is particularly damaging.Many couples try to address issues by criticizing t heir partner’s flaws or mistakes directly. Being too direct with criticism can hurt your partner’s self-esteem. Some people may react to criticism by stonewalling, where they refuse to acknowledge and respond to their partner for a period of time. Unfortunately, fighting back or ignoring your partner can make it difficult to determine the root of your problems. If your partner feels that they aren’t valued, it may lead to increased dissatisfaction with the relationship. The Gottmans maintain that being aware of these factors in communication is the first step to improving a relationship. It is important to acknowledge that all relationships have issues. The goal shouldn’t be to avoid these issues, but to learn to resolve them. In particular, we should avoid communication in ways that hurt our partner’s self-esteem. It is better to discuss problems in a way that is less confrontational and can better help your partner sympathize with your perspective. For example, rather than saying why are you ignoring me. It’s rude! One could say I feel hurt and undervalued when I don’t get a response from you. By being conscious of how we communicate with our partner, we can begin to build a healthier relationship.Their research has given us insight into how to make our relationships better.The lost city of the IncasMachu Picchu is one of the world’s most impressive historical sites. It was built around 1450 by the Incas, who ruled most of south America at that time. They called themselves children of the Sun, the powerful god they worshipped as the source of light and life. Located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, at 8000 feet above sea level, the “City of the Incas” was mysteriously abandoned just 100 years after its construction. This was when the Spanish were beginning their conquest of the Inca Empire, in the 1530’s. there is no evidence that the Spanish invaders ever attacked or even reached the mountaintop city, so many believe that the city’s inhabitants deserted(抛弃) the site because of a small pow epidemic.The city was almost forgotten until 1911 when it was discovered by an American historian, Hiram Bingham, after he heard rumors of its existence. Bingham was led to the site by local farmers and was amazed by what he saw, which seemed like an unbelievable dream. He wondered if anyone would believe what he had found.Though the surrounding jungle had overgrown the site, what remained was impressive. The city had been built on a remote and nearly inaccessible mountaintop, often shrouded in clouds. Forty rows of farming terraces(梯田) hued the steep mountainside, each over 10 feet high and liked together by over 3000 stone steps. Among the city were what appeared to be neighborhoods of homes and exquisite(精致的) stone buildings that are thought to be temples. Even today, the mystery remains as to the purpose of these temples, how the city was used and what its citizens did.Despite its remote location, Machu Picchu has become one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Every year, thousands of people travel to Peru to admire its magnificent stonework and breathtaking design. What they see is a wonderful harmony between the city and the landscape around it that is captivating.Unit 2-3 listening 凯撒和肯尼迪之死In this course we have tried to prepare you to understand and discuss important topics that are often in the news. Sometimes the news is good news, but all too often we learn of problems and crises. Once in a while, an event is extraordinary and will change the word. In this lesson, we focus on 2 events that changed history forever.One of the most famous assassinations in history was the assassination of Julius Caesar. At the time of his death in 44 DC, he was the leader of Roman empire. His title was Dictator for life, which meant he had absolute authority for as long as he lived. He had gain this power through his successes as a military commander. In fact, historian considered him to be one of greatest military commanders in history. Once gaining in power and fought against the corruption and began to restructure the government. For example, he increased the number of senator and changed how they were chosen. Instead of being elected, they could be appointed, even if they are not from Rome. This action reduced the power of individual senators and shifted it to Caesar himself. In doing so, he created several of enemies, especially the aristocracy. However, he also had many admirers, who supported his efforts to end the corruptions. Caesar was s to death by a group of Roman senators, at March 15, 44 BC. He was scheduled to lead Rome, 3 years later, to fight in another war. He had appointed members of his enemies to rule the empire while he was away. This action angered many of Roman senators, who didn’t want to take orders from Caesar’s subordinates. He should have been aware that many of the senators hated him, but he dismissed the security force not long before his assassination. If he hadn’t dismissed it, the assassination attempt might not have succeed. On the day of his assassination, it is reported that Caesar may have been handed a warning notes as he entered in senate. If he did receive such a note, he didn’t read it. it seems that he was at the state of denials and refused to recognize the danger that was facing him. Once he had entered the senate, he was surrounded by senators holding daggers or knives. The first blow hit Caesar in his neck and drew blood. Then and other senators joined in and stabbed him repeatedly, until he fl to the floor and died. In total, he suffered 23 knife wounds. with his death, power shifted to his adopted son Octavian, who vowed revenge against the event of assassins. Eventually, several of the leading assassins were either killed or committed suicide. After a power struggle, Octavian strengthened his position as leader and rul ed the empire for years. In the end, Caesar’s attempts to end corruption failed.Another event that shocked the world, was the assassination of the president, Jack Kennedy. He was shot while riding in a motorway in a city of Dallas tax. Kennedy and his wife was sitting in an open car, waving to a large crowd of people when he was shot. They were sitting in an open car with no protect because the sky was clear. It had rained until about 10 am but then the sun came out. If the sky hadn’t cleared, they would have been a bubble car or clear roof, on the car. This would have prevented the assassination. Kennedy wanted it down so that he could be closer to the crow through they agree him. Another factor that contributed to his assassination was the round of motorcade through the city. The round was published several days earlier in the local newspapers. The motorcade was passing through the downtown Dallas and round the shot corner near the building where the assassin worked.From that building, there was a clea r view of president’s car. If the round had been different,the assassination probably wouldn’t have taken place. The president was struck by 2 bullets but it was the second one that probably killed him. That was the fatal shot. It opened a massive of room in this head. Sitting beside him, his wife’s last words to his husband were, Jack, Jack, can you hear me, I love you Jack. The assassin’s quick shots were incredibly accurate. If the fatal shot had been off by just a little, Kennedy mighthave survived. So if any of these factors had been different, history would have changed. Kennedy’s death disillusioned Americans who have been inspired by his vision for the future. With his death, a whole generation of Americans woke up to a reality where their dreams for a brighter future had been shattered. He might have been overconfident and unaware of the magnitude of the dangerous facing him.Unit 2-3 Dialogue 亲人去世I’m sorry to hear about your father. I hope he died peacefully.Emm. He knew it was coming and he had a good life. He’d been sick for about for about a year. Luckily, there wasn’t much pain.So how is your motherShe hasn’t taken it well. Even know she knew it was coming, she has a hard time without him. She just the house seemed so empty and she felt she’s useless.I can imagine. Does she have many friendsShe has a few but she has never been very social. Maybe she’ll get out a bit more now but I don’t think that’s very likely. She’s also beginning to lose her memory.Oh, that’s too bad. My mother is losing her memory too. Sometime she doesn’t know who I am. She mixed me up with my sister.Does she live by herselfShe did until about a year ago. Then we had her come and stay with us.How is that working out.It was ok at first but now with her mem ory problems, it isn’t working. We are thinking about putting her into a senior living community. It was expensive but they can provide her with spon.You may have to do that too. My husband and my mother don’t get along at all. You can’t relax when she’s around. When I mentioned it to him, he said he would consider it but only if it were for a very short time. Well, I’m sorry you have to deal with it. it doesn’t seem that there are any good choices.Emm, I’m afraid that’s right. We are getting older too. This is another reminder of our mortality. You are no longer children so now it’s our turn to take care of our parents.The way I see is a reminder for us to enjoy life while we can. If you like, I can send you information about some senior communities.Please do. We need to start to making plans.There are waiting list to get into some of senior community.Unit 2-3 Reading 凯撒和印度的老年化Should a good leader be loved or feared This question is as relevant to leaders today as it was to Julius Caesar when he took control of Rome in 44 BC. How Caesar treated his enemies is a valuable lesson on forgiveness, arrogance, and absolute power.After Caesar seized power, he had to decide how to handle those who opposed him. Roman politics had always been bloody. The previous dictator(独裁者) had murdered 5000 of his rivals and confiscated(没收) their property after coming to power. Caesar’s enemies expected a similar punishment.But Caesar was determined not to rule through fear. If he were to reform the government, he would need the support of the people. So he made a fateful decision: rather than punish or kill his enemies, he offered them mercy and incentives. He didn’t seize their property, and he even rewarded some of them withhigh-ranking government positions.How ever, not all of his enemies wanted to be forgiven. Caesar’s rivals came from the aristocracy. Many had held power in the senate for centuries. By expanding and reforming the senate, Caesar had shifted power away from the aristocracy and taken it for himself. The high-ranking positions he had given as rewards had no real authority. For the aristocracy, to live without power was not forgiveness, but humiliation.Caesar should have known that many senators hated him, but his arrogance seems to have blinded him. After he made himself dictator for life, he proclaimed(正式宣布) himself a god and consolidated more power. These actions infuriated(激怒) his enemies and even his allies. However, he still considered many senators to be his loyal friends. He even dismissed his personal security force. Ironically, when he was assassinated, it was his good friend, Brutus, who led the plot.Perhaps it is better for a leader to be feared. If Caesar hadn’t let his rivals live, he might not have been murdered. But was forgiveness the problem Caesar’s reforms took power from the aristocracy, and his arrogance angered both friends and enemies. Perhaps if he hadn’t been so arrogant, or acted like a god, he would have survived.Lack of adequate care for senior citizens is a real issue in India that cuts across economic and social strata(各阶层). Many of us have personally lived through and experienced it with our parents and elders. Most senior citizens, especially those who live independently, are unable to get the care and trusted support they need. As a result, they compromise on their needs and lifestyle. Their children or caregivers are forced to spend disproportionate(不成比例的) time, and/or resources to support them. So much so, that many women are forced to stay away from the workforce to take care of elders at home.The imminent(迫在眉睫) demographic(人口统计学的), economic, and social changes that accompany the growing population of senior citizens, together with the rising aspirations of the young, leading to more women in the workforce, are rapidly driving up the magnitude(量级) of this problem.If we look at numbers, India is home to 115 million elderlies, which is more than 8% of the population. Many of us don’t realize it, but that puts India into the category of “aging” countries. While India’s overall population will grow by about 40% from 2006 to 2050, the population of the oldest elderly, 80 plus, will grow 500% over the same period. This should be enough to make one take notice. Engaging with the elderly will become one of the biggest areas of work in the country. Some may see this as a challenge and some as a huge opportunity.Businesses have attempted to address this only sporadically(偶发的), with emotional advertising that features a poignant(尖锐的) conversation involving an elderly grandparent. But there has been very little effort to provide products and services. The reasons for such apathy(冷漠), especially among entrepreneurs, are not difficult to guess. Many feel that the elderly are cynical(怀疑的), not open to experiment and not willing to spend. Investors see bigger opportunities for exponential growth in addressing young, upwardly mobile consumers. Still, I’m left with the question of why aren’t more products and services designed for the elderlyI sense a problem looking for the solution.Unit 2-4 listening 人口老龄化The world’s population is growing at a rate of a little more than 1% per year. However, not all segments of the population are growing at the same rate. This graph shows that the rates of growth have 3 different groups, children, adults and elderly. As you can see, while the population of children is fairly constant, the elderly population is increasing at the fastest rate. This is due to very low birthrates in developed country and birthrate declines most developing countrie s. As a result of this trend, the world’s population is aging. Between 2015 and 2050, the percentage of world’s population over 60 is nearly doubled. In 2015, there were 900 million people over 60 and 2050, the number should be around 2 billion. Aging populations are becoming a huge problem in many countries, especially in developing counties. It used to be that many elderly people lived with the family and helped take care of the next generation. They had a place to stay and people who help take care of them when they need an assistance. Now however, many elderly people or senior citizens are left on their own. This is partly the result of people having fewer children and also because of the massive urbanization. Young and middle age audits have left the rural area for economic。