2019大学英语六级选词填空练习题(7)
六级选词填空精选训练题
六级选词填空精选训练题High street shops use a variety of means to attract shoppers, such as striking windowdisplays, huge red “Sale” signs and special promotions. Online retailers also _1_ similartechniques totempt people to their websites and to make a purchase. “In the Internet _2_years, online retailers competed on price, but today you just pay the same price online asoffline. Any difference ismade up by the delivery charge, says Gavin George, a partner atItim Group, a consultancy.Today’s online retailers are using e-mail marketing, personalized technology, smart searchengines and _3_ in an effort to increase traffic and sales. Some online retailers are using _4_e-mail services to encourage customers to visit their sites. The travel and leisure retailerLastminute, for example, sends more than 2 million emails to customers every week. Thecontent of theemail is _5_ to fit the recipient’s age, lifestyle and other factors.Carl Lyons, head of marketing at Lastminute UK, says:“E-mail is a different medium withits own culture, so you have to know how to use it _6_ if it’s going to be effective. Whatyou’retrying to do is to _7_ lookers into bookers.”MyPoints is an _8_ scheme for online shoppers, which gives them points for reading e-mails,visiting sites and making purchases. The acquired points can be _9_ for a variety ofgoods andservices. In the US, there are more than 10 million MyPoints registered users. Theservice is free to join and subscribers complete an online _10_ that produces 400 data pointsabout them.A incentiveB tailoredC diplomaticD profileE properlyF embarkedG boomH targetedI indicative J deploy K recommendation L convertM multimedia N invariably O redeemed1.[J]此处需填人谓语动词，由主语retailers可知是动词原形。
2019英语六级考试阅读训练题(7)
2019英语六级考试阅读训练题（7）The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religio, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition. Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life.In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha. In many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life.Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments.1.What is the passage mainly concerned about?A.Religion has a variety of interpretation.B.Religion is a reflection of ignorance.C.Religion is not only confined to the Christian categories.D.Religion includes all kinds of activities.2.What does the word “observance” probably convey in Para. 1?A.noticeB.watchingC.conformityD.experience3.According to the passage what people generally consider religion to be?A.Fantastic observanceB.Spiritual practiceC.Individual observance of traditionD.A complex of activities4.Which of the following is not true?A.It is believed by some that religion should be what it ought to be.B.“The path of enlightenment” is a definition that the author doesn’t agree to.C.According to the author, the committed believers define religion improperly.D.The author doesn’t speak i n favor of the definition of “the sacred”.5.Which of the following is religion according to the passage?A.Performance of human beings.B.Buddha, monotheism and some tribal tradition.C.Practice separated from culture.D.All the above.答案：ACBDB。
2019年英语六级选词填空习题及答案(9)
2019年英语六级选词填空习题及答案(9)Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticismfrom coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessiveamount of __1__ or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychologicaland research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as __2__ orquitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are __3__ years for learning about oneself. The sport settingis one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to__4__ with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can __5__affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find aflaw（缺陷）in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be __6__ that youth sport participation does not become workfor children. That outcome of the game should not be more important than the __7__ of learning thesport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying moreabout who will win instead of __8__ themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents andcoaches __9__ on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcementshould be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivatesand has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again,criticism can create __10__ levels of stress,which can lead to burnout.A)processB)highC)enjoyingD)anxietyE)settleF)cautiousG)cooperateH)greatlyI)droppingJ)hardlyK)intenseL)focusM)aspirationN)criticalO)procedure。
2019年12月大学英语六级阅读专项练习7
2019年12月大学英语六级阅读专项练习7Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and, in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States Coast Guard requirements, life preservers must be simple in design, reversible, capable of beingquickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.Sufficient buoyancy (浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hour in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions which follow a disaster. Thus, the life preserver should be reversible, so that it is nearly impossible to set it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floatingand the self-righting qualities. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.21.The passage is mainly about ________.A) the uses of life preserversB) the design of life preserversC) the materials for life preserversD) the buoyancy of life preservers22.According to the passage, a life preserver should be first of all, ________.A) adjustableB) comfortableC) self-evidentD) self-righting23.United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to the made ________.A) with as few strings as possibleB) capable of being worn on both sidesC) according to each wearer’s sizeD) comfortable and light to wear24.By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, line 6) the author refers to the person ________.A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserverB) who has a little experience in using a life preserverC) who uses a life preserver without permissionD) who becomes nervous before a disaster25.What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?A) The waves would move him backwards.B) The water would choke him.C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.参考答案：daadc。
2019年12月英语六级选词填空习题及答案(10)
2019年12月英语六级选词填空习题及答案(10)The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens（雅典)in 1896and only twelve nations participated. Besides the host nationman participants were tourists who __1__ to be in Greece atthe time. Though the whole affair was __2__ and the standardwas not high, the old principle of amateur sport was kept up.Since then the games had been held every four yearsexcept during the __3__ of the two World War. This was __4__ adeparture from the old Olympic spirit when wars had to stoPandmake way for the games.The games have grown enormously in scale and __5__performances have now reached unprecedented heights.Unfortunately the same cannot be said about their__6__ standard.Instead of Olympia, the modern games are now held in differentcities all over the world. Inevitablypolitics and commercialismget involvedas countries vie each other for(为 ...... 而互相竞争) the __7__ to hold the games because of the politicalprestige and commercial profit to be __8__ out of them. Inthe 11 th games held in Berlin in 1936, Hitler who had newlycome to __9__ in Germany tried to use the occasion for hisNazi propaganda. For the first time the Olympic flame wasbrought all the way from Olympia to the games site in relays,a marathon journey now often taking months to __10__.A) honourB) accomplishC) hadD) moralE) arriveF) occuredG) endH) powerI) happenedJ) definitely K) PhysicalL) informal M) interruption N) especially O) irregular答案解析：1.选I2.选L3.选M4.选J5.选K6.选D7.选A8.选C9.选H10.选B。
2019英语六级考试听力模拟训练题(7)
2019 英语六级考试听力模拟训练题(7)Section ADirections ：In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 passages. All the end of each conversation, one or more question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A],[B] , [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.[A] The girls got on well with each other.[B] I t's understandable that girls don't get along.[C] She was angry with the other young stars.[D] The girls lacked the courage to fight.12.[A] The woman does her own housework.[B] T he woman needs a housekeeper.[C] The woman's house is in a mess.[D] The woman works as a housekeeper.13.[A] The Edwards are quite well-off.[B] T he Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.[C] It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.[D] It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.14.[A] The woman didn't expect it to be so warm at noon.[B] T he woman is sensitive to weather changes.[C] The weather forecast was unreliable.[D] The weather turned cold all of a sudden.15.[A] At a clinic.[B] I n a supermarket.[C] At a restaurant.[D] In an ice cream shop.16.[A] The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.[B] T he man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district.[C] The woman started working at an early age to support her family.[D] The man doesn't think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things.17.[A] The man has never seen the woman before.[B] T he two speakers work for the same company.[C] The two speakers work on the same floor.[D] The woman is interested in market research.18.[A] The woman can't tolerate any noise.[B] T he man is looking for an apartment.[C] The man has missed his appointment.[D] The woman is going to take a train trip.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.[A] To make a business report to the woman.[B] T o be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.[C] To resign from his position in the woman's company.[D] To exchange stock market information with the woman.20.[A] He is head of a small trading company.[B]He works in an international insurance company.[C] He leads a team of brokers in a big company.。
大学英语六级考试选词填空巩固模拟试题
大学英语六级考试选词填空巩固模拟试题学习知识就像是饥饿的人见到面包.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的大学大学英语六级选词填空巩固模拟试题，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!It isn't just the beer that (1)__________ to beer bellies. It could also be the extra calories，fat and unhealthy eating choices that may come with (2)__________drinking.A recent study found that men consume an (3)__________ 433 calories (equivalent to a McDonald's double cheeseburger) on days they drink a moderate amount of alcohol. About 61% of the caloric increase comes from the alcohol itself. Men also report eating higher amounts of saturated fats and meat，and less fruit and milk，on those days than on days when they aren't drinking，the study showed.Women fared a bit better，taking in an extra 300 calories on moderate-drinking days，from the alcohol and eating fattier foods. But women's increase in calories from additional eating wasn't statistically significant，the study said.'Men and women ate less healthily on days they drank alcohol，' said Rosalind Breslow，an epidemiologist with the federal National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and lead author of the study. 'Poorer food choices on drinking days have public-health (4)__________，' she said.The findings dovetail with controlled lab studies in which (5)__________ generally eat more food after consuming alcohol. Researchers suggest that alcohol may enhance 'the short-term rewarding effects' of consuming food，according to a 2010 report in the journal Physiology & Behavior that reviewed previous studies on alcohol，appetite and obesity.But other studies have pointed to a different trend. Moderate drinkers gain less weight over time than either heavy drinkers or people who abstain from alcohol，particularly women，this research has shown. Moderate drinking is (6)__________having about two drinks a day for men and one for women.'People who gain the least weight are moderate drinkers，regardless of [alcoholic] beverage choice，' said Eric Rimm，an associate professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard Medical School and chairman of the 2010 review of alcohol in the federal dietary (7)__________. The weight-gain difference is modest，and 'starting to drink is not a weight-loss diet，' he said.The various research efforts form part of a long-standing (8)__________ about how alcohol affects people's appetites，weight and overall health. Researchers say there aren't simple answers，and suggest that individuals' metabolism，drinking patterns and gender may play a role.Alcohol is 'a real wild card when it comes to weight management，' said Karen Miller-Kovach，chief scientific officer of Weight Watchers International. At seven calories per gram，alcohol is closer to fat than to carbohydrate or protein in caloric content，she said. Alcohol tends to lower restraint，she notes，causing a person to become more (9)__________ with what they're eating.Research bolstering the role of moderate drinking in helping to control weight gain was published in 2004 in the journal Obesity Research. That study followed nearly 50，000 women over eight years. An earlier study，published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1994，followed more than 7，000 people for 10 years and found that moderate drinkers gained less weight than nondrinkers. Studies comparing changes in waist circumference among different groups have yielded similar results.Dr. Rimm said it isn't clear why moderate drinking may be (10)__________ against typical weight gain，but it could have to do with metabolic adjustments. After people drink alcohol，their heart rate increases so they burn more calories in the following hour.'It's a modest amount，' he said. 'But if you take an individual that eats 100 calories instead of a glass of wine，the person drinking the glass of wine will have a slight increase in the amount of calories burned.'A：indulgent B：participantsC：debate D：consideredE：contributes F：contestG：guidelines H：protectiveI：moderate J：indexK：implications L：considerateM：additional N：experiencedO：owes答案1E：contributes2.I：moderate3.M：additional4.K：implications 5.B：participants6.D：considered7.G：guidelines8.C：debate9.A：indulgent10.H：protective。
2019年大学英语六级选词填空习题及答案(4)
2019年大学英语六级选词填空习题及答案(4)Nearly half the (1)__________ believes UFOs could be a (2) __________of extraterrestrial visitation.A HuffPost/YouGov poll reveals that 48 percent of adults in the United States are open to the idea that alien spacecraft are observing our planet -- and just 35 percent outright (3)__________ the idea.The poll was seen as vindication from the community of UFO researchers who often feel they are laughed off by government officials."It's always been intriguing to me how we act as though only kooks and quacks and little old ladies in tennis shoes believe in flying saucers. And it's never been true, at least for 30 or 40 years," said former nuclear physicist Stanton Friedman, who was the original civilian investigator of the events surrounding the (4) __________Roswell, NM, UFO crash of 1947.Friedman is very outspoken on the idea that some UFOs are (5)__________ controlled extraterrestrial vehicles."The believers are far more quiet, but far more on the side of reality," Friedman told The Huffington Post. "When you look at the polls, it's clear. And I see the benefit of that, (6)__________, because I've only had 11 hecklers in over 700 lectures. I've been out there, all over the place,in every state, 18 other countries, and I know that my (7)__________is more than tolerant -- they're accepting. It's been one of the things that really has kept me going."In the HuffPost/YouGov poll, conducted between Sept. 6-7, 1,000 adults were asked if they either believed or didn't believe that some people have (8)__________ UFOs that have an extraterrestrial origin.When YouGov offered (9)__________ the choice between "slightly disagree," "disagree" and "strongly disagree,"those numbers added up to 35 percent who are skeptical of the notion that any UFOs may be alien-related.However, nearly half of the adults surveyed (48 percent) resounded in the affirmative, leaving 16 percent who(10)__________ that they weren't sure on either side of theET issue.A： legendaryB：acceptC： rejectD： respondentsE： personallyF： impliedG： populationH： resposibilityI： intelligentlyJ： indicatedK： signL： signalM： witnessed N： storyO： audience。
2019年12月英语六级选词填空习题及答案(5)
2019年12月英语六级选词填空习题及答案(5)The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to moveagain whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more__5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry thestreamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, amanand a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education andsocial status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many__10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplantB)solutionC)gaduallyD)transportE)elementalF)conflictG)continuallyH)mobileI)couplesJ)agriculturalK)includingL)compromiseM)requiresN)primaryO)consistingANSWER：1. 选J）。
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题完整版-附答案和听力音频原文(第1套)
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题完整版附答案和听力音频原文（第1套）（此文档分三部分：真题试题、答案、听力原文）一、真题试题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)音频在线收听：请扫码公众号“超能资料库”，进入菜单：大学-》英语六级真题-》听力：Section AConversation 1.1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.C) It has several branches in London.D) It displays albums by new music talents.2. A) It originated with cowboys.B) Its market has now shrunk.C) Its listeners are mostly young people.D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music.3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B) It is still going through experimentation.C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.4. A) Learn to play them.B) Take music lessons.C) Listen to them yourself.D) Consul jazz musicians.Conversation 2.5. A) She paid her mortgage.B) She called on the man.C) She made a business plan.D) She went to the bank.6. A) Her previous debt hadn’t been cleared yet.B) Her credit history was considered poor.C) She had apparently asked for too much.D) She didn’t pay her mortgage in time.7. A) Pay a debt long overdue.B) Buy a piece of property.C) Start her own business.D) Check her credit history.8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fund raising.B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C) Build up her own finances step by step.D) Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BPassage 1.9. A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B) It is well located and completely automated.C) It is small and unconventional.D) It is fertile and productive.10.A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B) Their desire to improve farming equipment.C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard11.A) It saves a lot of electricity.B) It needs little maintenance.C) It causes hardly any pollution.D) It loosens soil while weeding.Passage 2.12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B) It has started on expand business outside the UK.C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D) It has joined hands with Sainsbury’s to sell pet insects.13.A) It was really unforgettable.B) It was a pleasant surprise.C) It hurt his throat slightly.D) It made him feel strange.14.A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads.C) They contain more protein than conventional meats.D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15.A) It is environmentally friendly.B) It is a promising industry.C It requires new technology.D) It saves huge amounts of labour.Section CRecording 116. A)To categorize different types of learners.B) To find out what students prefer to learn.C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17. A) It was defective.B)It was misguided.C) It was original in design.D) It was thought-provoking.18. A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids. Recording 219. A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20. A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B) The balance of power in the workplace would change.C) Technological advances would create many new jobs.D) Most workers could afford to have a house of their own.21. A) Loss of workers’personal dignity.B) Deprivation of workers’creativity.C) Deterioration of workers’mental health.D) Unequal distribution of working hours.Recording 322. A) It is the worst managed airport in German history.B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.23. A) The city’s airports are ou tdated.B) The city had just been reunified.C) The city wanted to boost its economy.D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.24. A) The municipal government kept changing hands.B) The construction firm breached the contract.C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction.D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25. A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D) Complaints by local residents increase.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A 选词填空Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. But poor diet and physical inactivity also each increase the risk of heart disease and have a role to play in the development of some cancers. Perhaps worse,the 26 effects of an unhealthy diet and insufficient exercise are not limited to your body. Recent research has also shown that 27 in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory 28 . Studies have found obesity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, as 29 by a range of learning and memory tests, such as the ability to remember a list of words presented some minutes or hours earlier. There is also a growing body of evidence that diet-induced cognitive impairments can emerge 30 -within weeks or even days. For example, one study found healthy adults 31 to a high-fat diet for five days showed impaired attention, memory, and mood compared with a low-fat diet control group. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory 32 to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high fat and sugar diets. So this shows negative 33 of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed 34 . Thus, body weightis not always the best indicator of health and a thin person still needs to eat well and exercise 35 .A) assessedB) assignedC) consequencesD) conspicuouslyE) deficitsF) designatedG) detrimentalH) digestionI) excellingJ) indulgingK) loopholesL) rapidlyM) redundantN) regularlyO) similarSection B 段落匹配Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Increased Screen Time and Wellbeing Decline in Youth[A] Have young people never had it so good? Or do they face more challenges than any previous generation? Our current era in the West is one of high wealth. This means minors enjoy material benefits and legal protections that would have been the envy of those living in the past. But there is an increasing suspicion that all is not well for our youth. And one of the most popular explanations, among some experts and the popular media, is that excessive “screen time” is to b lame (This refers to all the attention young people devote to their phones, tablets and laptops). However, this is a connection theory and such claims have been treated skeptically by some scholars based on their reading of the relevant data.[B] Now a study in the journal Emotion has provided another contribution to the debate, uncovering strong evidence that adolescent wellbeing in the United States really is experiencing a decline and arguing that the most likely cause is the electronic riches we have given them. The background to this is that from the 1960s into the early 2000s, measures of average wellbeing went up in the US. This was especially true for younger people. It reflected the fact that these decades saw a climb in general standards of living and avoidance of mass societal traumas likefull-scale war or economic deprivation. However, the “screen time” hypothesis, advanced by researchers such as Jean Twenge, is that electronic devices and excessive time spent online may have reversed these trends in recent years, causing problems for young people’s psychological health.[C] To investigate, Twenge and her colleagues dived into the “Monitoring The Future” dataset based on annual surveys of American school students from grades 8, 10, and 12 that started in 1991. In total, 1.1 million young people answered various questions related to their wellbeing. Twenge’s team’s analysis of the answers confirmed the earlier, well-established wellbeing climb, with scores rising across the 1990s, and into the later 2000s. This was found across measures like self-esteem, life satisfaction, happiness and satisfaction with individual domains like job, neighborhood, or friends. But around 2012 these measures started to decline. This continued through 2016, the most recent year for which data is available.[D] Twenge and her colleagues wanted to understand why this change in average wellbeing has occurred. However, it’s very hard to demonstrate causes innon-experimental data such as this. In fact, when Twenge previously used this data to suggest a screen time effect, some commentators were quick to raise this problem. They argued that her causal-sounding claims rested on correlational data, and that she had not adequately accounted for other potential causal factors. This time around, Twenge and her team make a point of saying that that they are not trying to establish causes as such, but that they are assessing the plausibility of potential causes.[E] First, they explain that if a given variable is playing a causal role in affecting wellbeing, then we should expect any change in that variable to correlate with the observed changes in wellbeing. If not, it isn’t plausible that the variable is a causal factor. So the researchers looked at time spent in a number of activities that could plausibly be driving the wellbeing decline. Less sport, and fewer meetings with peers correlated with lower wellbeing, as did less time reading print media (newspapers) and, surprisingly, less time doing homework (This last finding would appear to contradict another popular hypothesis that it is our burdening of students with assignments that is causing all the problems). In addition, more TV watching and more electronic communication both correlated with lower wellbeing. All these effects held true for measures of happiness, life satisfaction and self-esteem, with the effects stronger in the 8th and 10th-graders.[F] Next, Twenge’s team dug a little deeper into the data on screen time. They found that adolescents who spent a very small amount of time on digital devices—a couple of hours—had the highest wellbeing. Their wellbeing was even higher than those who never used such devices. However, higher doses of screen time were clearly associated with lower happiness. Those spending 10-19 hours per week on their devices were 41 percent more likely to be unhappy than lower-frequency users.Those who used such devices 40 hours a week or more (one in ten of teenagers) were twice as likely to be unhappy. The data was slightly complicated by the fact that there was a tendency for kids who were social in the real world to also use more online communication, but by bracketing out different cases it became clear that the real-world sociality component correlated with greater wellbeing, whereas greater time on screens or online only correlated with poorer wellbeing.[G] So far, so plausible. But the next question is, are the drops in average wellbeing happening at the same time as trends toward increased electronic device usage? It looks like it—after all, 2012 was the tipping point when more than half of Americans began owning smartphones. Twenge and her colleagues also found that across the key years of 2013-16, wellbeing was indeed lowest in years where adolescents spent more time online, on social media, and reading news online, and when more youth in the US had smartphones. And in a second analysis, they found that where technology went, dips in wellbeing followed. For instance, years with a larger increase in online usage were followed by years with lower wellbeing, rather than the other way around. This does not prove causality, but is consistent with it. Meanwhile, TV use didn’t show this tracking. TV might make you less happy, but this is not what seems to be driving the recent declines i n young people’s average happiness.[H] A similar but reversed pattern was found for the activities associated with greater wellbeing. For example, years where people spent more time with friends were better years for wellbeing (and followed by better years). Sadly, the data also showed face-to-face socializing and sports activity had declined over the period covered by the survey.[I] There is another explanation that Twenge and her colleagues wanted to address: the impact of the great recession of 2007-2009, which hit a great number of American families and might be affecting adolescents. The dataset didn’t include economic data, so instead the researchers looked at whether the 2013-16 wellbeing decline was tracking economic indicators. They found some evidence that some crude measures, like income inequality, correlated with changes in wellbeing, but economic measures with a more direct impact, like family income and unemployment rates (which put families into difficulties), had no relationship with wellbeing. The researchers also note that the recession hit some years before we see the beginning of the wellbeing drop, and before the steepest wellbeing decline, which occurred in 2013.[J] The researchers conclude that electronic communication was the only adolescent activity that increased at the same time psychological wellbeing declined. I suspect that some experts in the field will be keen to address alternative explanations, such as unassessed variables playing a role in the wellbeing decline. But the new workdoes go further than before and suggests that screen time should still be considereda potential barrier to young people’s flourishing.36. The year when most Americans began using smartphones was identified as a turning point in young Americans’ level of happiness.37. Scores in various wellbeing measures began to go downward among young Americans in recent years.38. Unfortunately, activities involving direct contact with people, which contributed to better wellbeing, were found to be on the decline.39. In response to past critics, Twenge and her co-researchers stress they are not trying to prove that the use of digital devices reduces young people’s wellbeing.40. In the last few decades of the 20th century, living standards went up and economic depressions were largely averted in the US.41. Contrary to popular belief, doing homework might add to students’ wellbeing.42. The author believes the researchers’ new study has gone a step further regarding the impact of screen time on wellbeing.43. The researchers found that extended screen time makes young people less happy.44. Data reveals that economic inequality rather than family income might affect people’s wellbeing.45. Too much screen time is widely believed to be the cause of unhappiness among today’s young people.Section C 仔细阅读Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.“The dangerous thing about lying is people don’t understand how the act changes us,” said Dan Ariely, behavioral psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else’s perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene said, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave study subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that theywere deciding between truth and dishonesty—and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural reward centers were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars—suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation. External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows when we are able to rationalize it, when we are stressed and fatigued or see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. “We as a society need to understand that, when we don’t punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,” Ariely said.In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people’s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional responses—including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies and get bigger and bigger over time.46. Why do some experts consider lying a milestone in a child’s development?A) It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.、B) It indicates they have an ability more remarkable than crawling and walking.C) It represents their ability to actively interact with people around them.D) It involves the coordination of both their mental and physical abilities.47. Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work?A) It is difficult to sound natural or plausible.B) It is hard to choose from several options.C) It involves lots of sophisticated mental activity.D) It requires speedy blood flow into one’s brain.48. Under what circumstances do people tend to lie?A) When they become too emotional.B) When they face too much peer pressure.C) When the temptation is too strong.D) When the consequences are not imminent.49. When are people less likely to lie?A) When they are worn out and stressed.B) When they are under watchful eyes.C) When they think in a rational way.D) When they have a clear conscience.50. What does the author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?A) They may feel justified.B) They will tell bigger lies.C) They will become complacent.D) They may mix lies and truths.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Here’s how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. It’s the mother of all disaster drills for what could be the worst disaster in American history. California has spent years preparing for “The Big One”—the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly unleash all kinds of havoc along the famous San Andreas fault. But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won’t be caught unawares.The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake and tsunami drill involving around 20,000 people. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous—and underestimated—faults.The Cascadia Subduction Zone is big enoug h to compete with San Andreas (it’s been called the most dangerous fault in America), but it’s much lesser known than its California cousin. Nearly 700 miles long, the earthquake zone is located by the North American Plate off the coast of Pacific British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and Northern California.Cascadia is what’s known as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in subduction zones—land plate boundaries where two plates converge. In the areas where one plate is beneath another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s most powerful earthquakes occur. Remember the 9.1 earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean off of Sumatra in 2004? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate moved beneath the Burma micro-plate.The last time a major earthquake occurred along the Cascadia fault was in 1700, so officials worry that another event could occur at any time. To prevent that event from becoming a catastrophe, first responders will join members of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other scenarios.Thousands of deaths and other casualties are expected if a 9.0 earthquake were to occur. First, the earthquake would shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. This could trigger a tsunami that would create havoc along the coast. Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented—but by coordinating across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case scenario can be averted. On the exercise’s website, officials explain that the report they prepare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to come.For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, the big one isn’t a question of if, only when. And it’s never too early to get ready for the inevitable.51. What does “The Big One” refer to?A) A gigantic geological fault.B) A large-scale exercise to prepare for disasters.C) A massive natural catastrophe.D) A huge tsunami on the California coast.52. What is the purpose of the Cascadia Rising drill?A) To prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami.B) To increase residents’ awareness of imminent disasters.C) To teach people how to adapt to post-disaster life.D) To cope with the aftermath of a possible earthquake.53. What happens in case of a megathrust earthquake according to the passage?A) Two plates merge into one.B) Boundaries blur between plates.C) A variety of forces converge.D) Enormous stress is released.54. What do the officials hope to achieve through the drills?A) Coordinating various disaster-relief efforts.B) Reducing casualties in the event of a disaster.C) Minimizing property loss caused by disasters.D) Establishing disaster and emergency management.55. What does the author say about “The Big One”?A) Whether it will occur remains to be seen.B) How it will arrive is too early to predict.C) Its occurrence is just a matter of time.D) It keeps haunting Cascadia residents.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.牡丹花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征这和平与繁荣，因而在中国被称为”花中之王”。
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2019大学英语六级选词填空练习题(7)
Section A
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
When studying human talent, the temptation is usually to
concentrate on the upper reaches. Understandably so： we all
admire the Einsteins and Mozarts of this world and 36 to
imitate them.
In comparison, studying the opposite end of the spectrum
might seem pointless, patronizing(摆出恩赐态度的)or downright
tasteless. Lack of intelligence is shameful enough without
treating people like lab rats.
Yet it often takes a different viewpoint to find new
insights into an old problem. Stupidity is too important and
interesting to ignore. The science of stupidity is producing
results that 37 our concepts of intelligence and that
should be humbling for many of the smart people who run the
world.
It turns out that a tendency for entertaining 38 ,
foolish or illogical ideas is not necessarily the result of a
low IQ. This measure of intelligence is largely 39 of
rationality. Just because you score on the high end of one
scale doesn't mean that you won't fall at the bottom of the
other.
Importantly, no one is 40 to the biases that lead to
stupid decisions. Yet our respect for IQ and education means
that it is easy to rest on the laure/s (桂冠) of our
qualifications and assume that we are, by definition, not
stupid.
That can be 41 on a personal level： regardless of
IQ, people who score badly on rationality tests are more
likely to have unplanned pregnancies or fall into serious
debt.
Large scale stupidity is even more damaging. Business
cultures that 42 encourage it, for example,may have
contributed to the economic crisis. Indeed, the effects may
have been so damaging precisely because banks assumed that
intelligent people act logically while at the same time
rewarding rash behavior based on intuition rather than
43 . As one researcher puts it： "The more intelligent
someone is, the more disastrous the results of their
stupidity". The same surely applies to politicians： the
tenth anniversary of the
invasion of Iraq serves as a 44 that clever people can do
monumentally stupid things.
If we want to avoid making similar mistakes in the
future, everybody--especially the most intelligent and
powerful--would do well to humbly 45 their own weaknesses.
To quote Oscar Wilde： "There is no sin except stupidity. "
A)acknowledge
B)aspire
C)challenge
D)commemorate
E)damaging
F)deliberation
G)immune
H)inadvertently
I) independent
J)negligible
K)nomination
M)rash
N)recipient
L) perpetually
O)reminder