chp 3 history (2)

Lingyun GaoPeriod 42010-11-15Imperialism and the Great World War[Chapters 23, 24, and 25]Student Focus:Between the era of Reconstruction and the end of World War I, the United States underwent a profound social and economic revolution that affected all aspects of Americans’ lives. By 1920, the country had emerged as the possessor of a small overseas empire and, thanks to U.S. entry into World War I, the world’s major industrial power.Key Terms:✧Imperialism the pouty, practice, advocacy of extending the power and domination ofa nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control overthe political or economic life of other areas; the extension or imposition of power, authority or influence.✧Sussex Pledge a promise made in 1916 during WWI by Germany to the US prior tothe latter’s entry into the war. Promised a change in Germany’s naval warfare policy.✧Versailles Treaty one of the peace treaties at the end of WWI that ended the warbetween Germany and allied powers which signed on June 28, 1919.✧Nationalism pride for country, aggressive patriotism, willingness to defendsupremacy of one nation, unity and identifiable.✧Zimmerman note from the German foreign secretary to the German minister inMexico, February 1917, instructing him to offer to recover Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona for Mexico if it would fight the United States to divert attention fromGermany in case of war.✧Dollar Diplomacy a diplomacy that president William Howard Taft started this tofurther aims in Latin America and east Africa through use of the its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries✧Russian Revolution the series of revolutions that destroyed the Tsarist autocracyand led to the creation to the Soviet Union.✧New Nationalism platform of the progressive party and slogan of former presidentTheodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912; stressed governmentactivism, including regulation of trusts, conservation, and recall of state courtdecisions that had nullified progressive programs.✧Selective Service Act a policy for men to go to WWI at the young age passed by thecongress of the United States on May 18, 1917.✧Roosevelt Corollary An extension of the Monroe Doctrine by Teddy Roosevelt in1904 asserted a right of the US to intervene to stabilize the economic affairs ofsmall states in the Caribbean and central America✧American Expeditionary Force (AEF) commanded by John “blackjack” perishing thatonly fought in 1918✧Open Door Policy in hopes of protecting the Chinese market for US exports,Secretary of State John Hay unilaterally announced in 1899 that Chinese tradewould be open to all nations✧Panama Canal a ship canal on Panama that joins the Atlantic ocean and the pacificocean which is a key place for international maritime trade that make US gained strategic military position.✧Platt Amendment (1901) reserved the United States’ right to intervene on Cubanaffairs and forced newly independent Cuba to host American naval based on the island.✧Liberty Bond a war bond sold in the US to support the allied cause in WWI to furnishnaval support, financial credits, supplies, and munitions.✧Militarism the belief or desire of a government or people that a country shouldmaintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.✧Spanish American War a conflict of Cuba between Spain and US in 1898 which last10 months.✧Central Powers one of the two sides that participated in World War I, also knownas the triple alliance, the other is the triple Entente (allied powers).✧Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe’s declaration to congress on December 2,1823, that the American continents would be thenceforth closed to colonization but that the United States would honor existing colonies of European nations.✧Allies people, groups and nations that had joined together in an association formutual benefits or achieve some common purpose whether or not explicitagreement has been worked out between them.✧Fourteen Points President Woodrow Wilson’s 1918 plan for peace after World War I;at the Versailles peace conference, however, he failed to incorporate all of thepoints into the treaty.✧League of Nations organization of nations to mediate disputes and avoid warestablished after World War I as part of the Treaty of Versailles; President Woodrow Wilson’s “fourteen points” speech to congress in 1918 proposed the formation of the league.✧New Freedom democrat Woodrow Wilson’s political slogan in the presidentialcampaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs and by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.✧U-boat the military submarines boats operated by Germany, particularly in WorldWar I and II.✧Reparations the compensation granted by the government to the descendants ofUS slaves WWI which made from Germany due to the signing of the treaty ofVersailles.Review Questions:What factors led to the growth of imperialism around the world?American has many geographic advantages and the manifest Destiny ordained by God also has deep influence. What’s more, the rapid industrial developmentrequired the acquisition of foreign territories to vital new materials and the expanded naval presence to protect the global shipping lanes for the world economy.In what ways did the United States begin to expand its interests abroad in the late 1800s?They started to acquire territories outside the North American continent andAmerican manufactures had matured to the point where they could outsell foreign competitors in the world markets. At the same time, the modern economicdevelopment called for a powerful navy, a strong navy, a strong merchant marine, foreign commerce, colonies and naval bases.What were the events leading up to and following the Spanish-American War?The “Cuba Libre” that Cubans revolted against Spanish rule on February with the help of US lead up the Spanish-American war. And the result of Spanish-American war was treaty of Paris that Spain gave Us Cuba, Guan, Puerto Rico andPhilippines and Cuba gained independence but forced to sign the Plattindependence.Why did the United States want to build the Panama Canal?Building the Panama Canal can give US strategic military position as well as their easy trade route for the economy monopoly.What were the goals of Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick” diplomacy?His goal is to establish US as an international police power and to be able to control over their sphere of influence and most place in Morone Doctrine.In what ways did the foreign policies of Presidents Taft and Wilson differ from those of President Roosevelt?President Roosevelt preferred the way of “speak softly, but carry a big stick” and he thought US will intervene military if necessary. But Taft was fearful that US wasfalling behind so he try to use the economic to influence countries than to modernize.Woodrow Wilson firm belief in democracy but not dollar diplomacy and he refused to recognize the Huerta government and Wilson decided to join the Triple alliance of the WWI and proposed the fourteen points later.What were the main causes of World War I?Nationalism, militarism and imperialism cause that.How did Germany’s use of submarines affect the war?The U-Boat warfare violated the established international; procedure of stopping an enemy vessel on the high seas and providing for the safety of passengers and crew before sinking it. It also cause the outrage of American that Lusitania sunk largepassenger vessels.In what ways did American troops turn the tide of the war?American provided more money for supplies and more soldiers for that thecombined strength of the regular army and National Guard have increase a lot.Generally, there are more and more Americans devoted themselves to the war.What were conditions like in Europe and in the United States at the end of the war?German’s government wanted the best peace terms possible. The allies accepted the fourteen points as a basis of peace but with 2 significant reservations: the right to discuss freedom of the sea and the demand for reparations. There are numerous people died in every country even US saw 126,000 servicemen died.How did the war change the lives of Americans on the home front?The war helps complete economic mobilization to conduct the war efficiently. And the weapon also get advanced and the war industries board (WIB) became the most important of all the mobilization agencies that could allocate raw materials, tellmanufactures what to produce, order other construction of new plants and fix prizes. What were the important provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?It required Germany to accept sole responsibility for causing the war to disarm,make substantial territorial concessions and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. Germany was not pacified or conciliated, norpermanently weakened. This would prove to be a factor leading to later conflicts, notably and directly the Second World War。