专四语法串讲3英语句子成分结构详解
英语句子成分结构详解【精选】
英语句子成分结构详解【精选】英语句子成分结构详解定语 | 状语 | 宾语 | 补语 | 同位语 | 独立成分 | 分词独立结构一、英语语句基本结构分析:>> 主谓宾结构:主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家～谓语:谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如:We come.宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如:me，him，them等例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy，谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen. >> 主系表结构:主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为，turn变成,go变。
其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。
可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。
当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘转变为’之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy >> There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。
这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there 那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词，表示‘(存在)有某事物’试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。
英语四级语法：句子成分浅析
英语四级语法：句子成分浅析句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种。
主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语由动词来承担。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
谓语除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。
主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。
例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。
在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。
如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的`前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等.补语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。
补语是起补充说明作用的成份。
最常见的是宾语补足语。
名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
表语用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。
表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。
表语一般放在系动词之后。
表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。
同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子）2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。
）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
【实用文档】专四语法总结.doc
专四必备语法I．基本句型和句式剖析1. 简单句/并列句/复合句2. 五种基本句型3. 统辖与约束：用这个方法分析更方便，特别是并列和修饰关系，可以更好的讲清楚。
①.My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter andtears of four generations.分清主干my whole life had been spent和修饰关系gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations 非限制性是定语从句，修饰that big old house②.I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago:people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you.”when others hold a door open for them, or “Please.” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.分清层次never 与never 并列，saying 的宾语有两个，由or连接，而people统辖的内容有三个rushing into…, never saying…, never giving…，并与此三个部分构成动名词复合结构，相当于说I saw a scene of people rushing…③.It adds priceless panache (n.) to your understanding of the way people behave.注意add sth. to 分割的状况II. 词法部分1．名词与代词1）不可数名词的量化表示修饰可数名词复数: many, a good/great many，a good/great/large number of修饰不可数名词: much, a great deal of, a large amount of两者都可修饰: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of, a large sum of2）在汉语中可数，但在英语中为不可数名词的某些词advice, baggage (luggage), damage, equipment, furniture, homework, information, news ...3) 与所指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致如：Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect.It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.4) that, one的指代作用that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词(如是复数，用those)，后面通常跟有修饰语，如出现在比较结构中的that of。
专四语法讲义
专四语法部分一、总体概况：语法考点：三大从句——名词、定从、状从非谓语动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词其他二、从句讲解三大从句（一）三大从句五种基本句式主语+谓语vt+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+补语主语+谓语vi+状语主语+系动词+表语状语，主语（定语）谓语宾语状语(定从) 系动词表语（状从）（同位语）（非谓语）（非谓语）（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）长难句解题技巧：抓住干，定从句逗号原则：在英语句子中，逗号是不能连接两个独立完整的句子的。
名词性从句三大从句（二）两步解题法1.抓连词2.状从中的连接词——常考固搭so…that in order that such…that with the result that so thatthat引导名词性从句——that+完整句子（1）主语从句e.g. It is true that he passed the exam.It is said that he passed the exam.It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.强调句式It is/was+被强调部分+that+不完整句子主、宾、表、状e.g. I met him in the street.It was him that I met in the street.It was in the street that I met him.(2)宾语从句主+谓语vt+（that）+完整句子e.g. I know (that) he passed the exam.（3）表语从句主+系动词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.(4)同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion that he go with us tomorrow.There is/are +抽象名词+that+完整句子Answer,belief,concept,conclusion,decision,discovery,doubt,evidence,sign,fact,hope,idea,informati on,knowledge,suggestion,thought,probability…On the condition that…Despite the fact that…On the understanding that…that 引导限定性定从all some any one(s) every each…the first the lastthe only the veryn+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语e.g. The book that was written by him is pop.that引导同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子that 引导限定性定从n+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语The fact that he passed the exam was true.The fact that he found was true.三大从句（三）What=all that; the thing that; the person thatWhat 只引导主从、宾从、表从,不能引导定从和同位从What+不完整句子What he said made me happy.e.g. _____it turned out,it was Italian movie.A What_____it turned out was Italian movie.A WhatI know what he said.I listen to what he said.This is what he said.词______+ 不完整句子n A what Xvt/介词/系动词 A what 可以考虑词，_______+不完整句子A whatB whichC thatwhat 与how 的区别I don’t know what to do.I don’t know how to do it.I’m thinking of ______to do about it.A.whatB. how介词短语在句子的位置1）作状语句子+介短/介短+句子2）作定语n+介短3）作表语系+介短wh—ever与no matter wh—区别让步、名从让步I don’t believe whatever he said.Whatever happens,don’t panic.公式however + adj/adv + 主语+ 谓语e.g. It caused them to think about _______they might control the experiences of children to duce responsible and productive adults.A. whatB. howC. whateverD. however if 与 whether 的区别 if_______about the university the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink. A) whatB) whether C) while D) if Never ask a child _______he likes or dislikes.A) what B) whether C) that D) which We know, however,________ no two places are exactly the same. A) Although B) whether C) since D) that 三大从句（四） 定语从句两步解题法1. 抓先行项（指人、物、整句话内容）2. 抓关系词在定语从句中的成分e.g. This is the house_______①I once lived.②I once visited.①where/in which②that/which/xThis is the very house_________ I once visited.e.g. I’ll never forget the day______①I met him.②I spent with him.①when/on which②that/which/xI’ll never forget the very day______ I spent with him. 地点n where 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表时间n when 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi 主+系+表the reason why 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补 主+谓vi 主+系+表 三大从句（五）Which 在专四考试中，只考定语从句。
英语句子结构分析成分
英语句子结构分析成分
英语句子的结构可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分。
1. 主语：句子中表达动作或状态的实施者或具有其中一种属性的人
或事物。
如：The cat caught a mouse.（猫抓住了一只老鼠。
）
2. 谓语：句子中表达动作、状态或存在的核心。
如：He is running.（他正在奔跑。
）
3. 宾语：句子中受到动作影响的人或事物。
如：She bought a book.（她买了一本书。
）
4. 定语：句子中修饰名词或代词的成分，用来描述、限定名词或代词。
如：I have a red car.（我有一辆红色的车。
）
5. 状语：句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分，用来描述、限定
动词、形容词、副词。
如：He speaks English fluently.（他流利地讲
英语。
）
6. 补语：句子中用来补充说明主语、宾语或介词宾语的成分。
如：The soup tastes delicious.（这汤味道很好。
英语句子成分和句子结构分析
英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法微观遣词；句法宏观造句01词法微观遣词1. 实词：有实际意义的词;名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为,动态;vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量基数词,表顺序序数词2. 虚词：没有实际意义的词;介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前,限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法宏观造句1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句,并列句,复合句6.复合句：名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句二、语法四大原则1. 词性决定词用2. 同类同用同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致3. 动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词4. 举一反三由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属；认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群;语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语,谓语,宾语,表语次体：定语,状语,补语,同位语主语：一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象;常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首;The sun名词n. rises in the east.W e代词pron. are friendsT wenty years数词num. is a short time in history.S eeing动名词 is believingT o be a teacher不定式is my dreamW hat he needs 句子is a book 主语从句I t 形式主语is time to go home真正的主语形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study实意动词 EnglishI can情态动词do itI don’t助动词knowH e is系动词asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后;I play with him代词I like china名词H ow many do you need ——we need two数词I enjoy working with you动名词I hope to see you again不定式D id you write down what he said句子U nder the snow介宾短语,there are many rocks.H e gave me间接宾语a book直接宾语 yesterday表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任;凡是系动词be 动词,感官动词等出现的地方,后面必定带着表语He is a teacher名词Seventy-four you don’t look it代词F ive and five is ten数词H e is asleep形容词T his picture is on the wall介词短语M y watch is missing/lost 形容词化的分词T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”不定式T he question is whether they will come句子语法精讲3定语：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面;相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面;H e is a clever boyT his is an apple treeT here are ten students in our classS he is Tom’s sisterH e bought some sleeping pillsT he girl in red is his sisterW e have a lot of work to doT he girl standing under the tree is his daughterD o you know the man who spoke just now.状语：用来说明动词,形容词,副词或者整个句子的成分;常由副词担任;修饰动词可放动词前,也可放在动词后；修饰形容词或者副词时放在他们前面;动词的八个状态：时间,地点,原因,状态,目的,结果,方式,程度T he students study hardI often write to himH e wrote with a red pencilH e went to see a filmT he students went away laughingI’ll write to you as soon as I get there .补语：表示补充说明,总是跟着宾语跑I found a book lying on the floor.D o you smell something burningS he asked me to go with her.独立成分：同位语,感叹语B ruce,my English teacher,is a cool man That’s great语法精讲4简单句的5种基本结构通过一个爱情故事掌握5种简单句;1, 主语+谓语：She comes.2, 主语+系动词+表语She is lovely.3, 主语+谓语+宾语I love her.4, 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾I gave her a rose.5, 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I made her happy. 2三大句子结构类型1, 简单句F rank and Eric are good friends.I make and have breakfast.2, 并列句I like English, but I don’t like math.I hate grammar,while he loves it.3, 复合句W hat she does is not good.T he man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.W hen you finish the work,you may go out to play with Sam.语法精讲5简单句T hat is what I want to tell you. 表语从句I t’s a question how he did it. 同位语从句T he man whom you talk with is my friend. 定语从句I f I am free,I will go shopping . 条件状语从句四种句子类型：01陈述句肯定,否定H e is six years old.S he doesn’t like English.02疑问句一般,特殊,选择,反义D o you like swimming ↑一般疑问句W hat are you doing ↓特殊疑问代词+一般疑问句=特殊疑问句I s this a pen ↑or a pencil ↓选择疑问句S he likes dancing↓,doesn’t she ↑反义疑问句;前肯后否或者前否后肯03祈使句：命令,要求,请求;一般会略去主语,动词开头B e careful , boysD on’t speak in class04感叹句：how/what 开头H ow clever the boy isW hat a nice day it is。
英语语法之句子成分及句子结构
【语法体系】1.词法冠词、名词、代词、副词、动词、介词和介词短语、连词、数词。
2.句法句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。
句子种类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子结构：简单句并列句a）名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句复合句：b）定语从句c）状语从句特殊句式：倒装句、强调句、省略句、there be句式主谓一致直接引语和间接引语虚拟语气【句子成分】1.主语：主语是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首。
名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等均可作主语。
e.g. Instead,a picture should try to show the “life” of itssubject.e.g. To find a best friend is difficult.2．谓语：用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般位于主语之后，由动词或动词短语充当，且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。
e.g. I run into the classroom.e.g. He had an apple for breakfast.3．宾语：宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后。
名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分次、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等均可充当宾语成分。
e.g. People love to get together.e.g. I like chatting online.宾语的种类：（1）双宾语：间接宾语+直接宾语e.g. Hand me your book, please.（2）复合宾语：宾语+宾语补足语e.g. They elected him their monitor. 4．表语：表语用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
一般位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。
名词（短语）、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、分词、从句等均可作表语。
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专四语法串讲3英语句子成分结构详解英语句子成分结构详解定语| 状语| 宾语| 补语| 同位语| 独立成分| 分词独立结构一、英语语句基本结构分析：>> 主谓宾结构：主语（subject）：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词、主语从句等。
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
成分：名词、代词、形容词Five and five is ten. （数词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）宾语（object）：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语double objects-----间宾indirect object（指人）和直宾direct object（指物）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，pass，bring，show, buy, find, fetch, get, keep, leave, lend, pass, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, wish, write。
这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。
如：Give me a cup of tea, please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+ to + 间接宾语。
如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+ to + 间接宾语。
如：Bring it to me, please.>>>特殊的同源宾语现象cognate object : fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.宾语补足语（object complement）：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。
宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格+ 名词The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.名词/代词宾格+ 形容词New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.名词/代词宾格+ 分词I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.主补（subjective complement）：充当补充主语的作用。
1. 形容词作主语补足语时常置于主语之前，后有逗号。
Tired and sleepy, he went to bed.有时亦可置于主语之后，前后皆有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。
Their chief, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings有时置于谓语动词之后，全句形成“主+谓+主补”结构。
Mary gaped round-eyed.有时亦可置于宾语之后，全句形成“主+谓+宾+主补”He got off the bus very nervous.His mother stared at him speechless.2. 可用作主语补足语的词：形容词、名词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。
He was called David Copperfield.Linco ln was born a poor family’s boy and died President of the United States.She came home quite changed.People are just born what color they are.Mary came home out of humour.同位语（appositive）：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。
同位语通常放在其所说明的名词之后。
如：Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 劳拉·迈尔，BBC的记者，要求采访。
Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一种常见病，无特效药。
1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。
2. 不定式用作同位语Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。
(to start the general attack与the order同位) He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。
(to walk along…与the instruction同位)3. -ing分词用作同位语He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。
(driving a track与a job 同位)She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。
(ironing shirts 与a place同位)The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。
(attacking at night 与the first plan同位)4. none of us之类的结构用作同位语We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。
【注】注意，同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：学生每人都有一本词典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.误：The students each has a dictionary.请比较下面一句（谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语）：正：Each of the students has a dictionary.5. 从句用作同位语（即同位语从句）They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。
6. 同位语与其所说明的名词之间常插入一些词语，常见的有namely, that is to say, in other words, or rather, for short, for example, particularly, say, mainly等I am pleased with only one boy, namely, Tom.同位语与主语补足语不同，前者强调等同，意在说明或解释，主语补足语则弥补主语意义之不足，有表述主语的性质。
定语（attributive）：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：｛定语置前｝The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：｛定语置前｝His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
名词作定语：｛定语置前｝The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
介词短语作定语：｛定语置后｝The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。