情态动词归纳表

情态动词归纳表
情态动词归纳表

情态动词归纳表情态V词义&用法注意事项特殊用法

can could 1.表具备某种能力Can表现在能力;Could表示过去能力.

可用be able to代替;was/were able

to to表示成功做了某事

(1)表惊异、怀疑、不相信、不耐烦

等。(此意常用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹

句语气)Can/Could this be true?

(2)can not…too\enough表示"无论

怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好":

You can't be too careful.

2.表请求和允许①请求用could 语气委婉

②允许不用could.

3.表“可能性”①can用于否定和疑问句(could不

限)

②can (be)表示有时候会(常与

sometimes, at times 连用)

may might 1.表请求和允许①请求用might语气更委婉。

②允许时用may,表示“可以”(表示

允许时不用might)。

(1)may/might well+V原形:表"完

全可能,,很可能"= be very likely

to:He may well be proud for his son.

(2)may/might as well+V原形:"

最好,满可以,倒不如"

You may as well stay here over

night.

2.表可能性“也许”此意常用于肯定句。(might可能最小)

3表祝愿固定句型为“May+主语+V原型”:

May you succeed!

must 1.表“必须”①must多表主观、现在/将来义务;

have to多表客观、过去义务

②mustn't表"禁止";否定用needn't

/ don't have to (1)表示必然结果:

All men must die.人固有一死。(2)表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩,可译为“一定要、偏偏、非要”:

If you must know, her name is Mary.

2.表推测:“肯定是、准是”只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/could

will would 1.表意愿,决心等Would此时为will过去式,无意义差

(1)will表命令(说话者确定命令一定

会得到执行)或允诺:You will report

to me afterwards.(命令)They will get

enough money from me.(允诺)

(2)可用于祈使句附加疑问句(反义疑

问句):(此时would比will委婉)

Don’t go now, will you?

(3)woul短语:would rather/would

prefer宁愿;would like/would love

喜欢/想要(见注意①)

2.表经常性,习惯

性,倾向性,

Would表过去反复的动作/某种倾向

(相对于used to无“现已无此习惯”之

义。)

3.表功能,性质叙述真理:The tree will leave without

water for 3 months.

4.表估计:“想必,

大概”(只时态区

别)

此意表对目前事物的预料。That will be

the postman ringing.(would表示过

去/现在;will表示现在/将来)

5.表“请求/要求”

(Will you?)

此意用于疑问句,常与you连用

Will you give me a piece of paper?

shall (shan ’t)1.表征求意见(“好

不好”)

用在第一、三人称Shall the reporters

wait outside or what?

点2其他示例:

He shall have the book when I finish

reading.(允诺)

You shall fail if you don't work

harder.(警告)

You shall come at once.(命令)2.表允诺、威胁、

警告、命令或根据

规定有义务做

用于第二、第三人称

Passengers shall not talk with the

driver while the bus is moving

3.表规章、法令、

预言:“必须”

用于所有人称

Every competitor shall wear a

number

should ought to 1.表示道义上的责

任,义务或要求,

有时表示劝告:You ought to /should

pay more attention to what your

lawyer says.

(1)should 用于疑问句中表示说话人

对某事不能理解,惋惜,感到意外,赞

叹,愤怒、惊异等感情,意为“竟会”,

有时也用于陈述句中

(2)Should还可以用在if引导的条件

从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,

但也不是完全没有可能,相当于“万一”

的意思。(见注意②)

2.表示推测和可能

性,是“(按理说)

应该”之意

肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强

This pen ought to /should be yours.

3.表示说话人的一

种谦逊,客气,委

婉的语气

此意常用于第一人称时:

You are mistaken , I should say .

(依我看你是搞错了)

高考热点透视

热点一:表猜测的情态动词的用法。 词形 使用场合 对现在和未来的推测 对过去事情

的推测 must 肯定句 must+动词原形 must have done may/mig ht 肯定句、否定句 may+动词原形 may/might have done can/coul d 否定句、疑问句 can/could +动词原形 can/could have done

should 肯定句、否定句、疑问句

用来表示一种估计的情况 “按理会/估计会”should+动词原形 should have done 热点二:情态动词+have done

情态动词+have done 的用法有两种含义:

1. 对过去情况的猜测。由表猜测的情态动词+have done 构成。上表已经提到。

2. 表示与过去事实的主观设想。有轻微的责备、后悔之意。请参看下表: 情态动词+have done 用法 例句 must have done 对过去进行推测表 “想必、、准是一定做了” The light were out. They must have been asleep. can have done can’t have done 否定、疑问句中,表“怀疑和不肯定” He can’t have forgotten it.

Can he have gone to his aunt’s? could have done couldn’t have done

表“本来可以做某事的(却没有)否定表“不可能”

You could have done better, but you were too careless. Mr wang couldn’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him just now. might have done 表“本来应该或

可以/能做某事的

(却没有) You might have given me more help, though you were busy. should/ought to have done 用于肯定句中时,

表示“本该做某事”,而实际上未做;用于否定句中时,则表示不该做的事反而做了。 You should/ought to have been more careful. You shouldn’t have spoken to your parents in this way. needn’t have done 表示做了本来不必 去做的事。 The weather turned out fine. You needn’t have taken your umbrella with you. had better have done 表示“当时做了某事就好了”,其否定句表相反的含义。

You had better have started earlier. You had better not have quarrelled with her. would rather have done 表示“当时宁愿 做了某事”,其否定句表相反的含义。两者都表“后悔”之意。 I would rather have taken her advice.

I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that. Would like/love to have done 表示愿意做某事,但未做成。 I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

热点三:shall ,will ,must 等

1. Shall ① 用于第一人称疑问句中表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。

例:—The room is so dirty. _______ we clean it?

—Of course. ( 03 上海春招)

A. Will

B. Shall

C. Would

D. Do

②用于第二人称陈述句表示说话人或他人的意图、命令、允诺、警告、命令等。

例:“The interest _______ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (04 重庆,24)

A. may

B. should

C. must

D. shall

2. Will ①表示意愿或意志。

例:I __________ argue with you.

②当主语是物时,则表示“不起作用”。例:The drawer _________ shut.

3. Must 表“必须、一定要”。

例:— Who is the girl standing over there?

— Well, if you _______ know, her name is Mabel. (02,天津)

A. may

B. can

C. must

D. shall

语法知识—情态动词的知识点总复习附解析

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最新英语语法情态动词归纳总结

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Why does he know this? Can [Could] someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? (3) “could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外,还有以下重要用法: ①表示过去没有实现的可能性,常译为“本来可以”。如: I could have lent you the money.Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出? ②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做,常译为“本来应该”。如: You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 ③表示“差点儿就要”。如: I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。 2. may / might用于表推测的用法 表示推测,两者都可用,只是might 比may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。 (1) 在句型使用方面:两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算普通,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。如: He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。

情态动词讲解归纳优选稿

情态动词讲解归纳集团公司文件内部编码:(TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-

链接中考语法:情态动词一、情态动词的特点: 情态动词,又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点: ⑴它们必须与其他动词连用,即:情态动词+动词原形,表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。 ⑵绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s(以be和have开头的情态动词短语除外)。 ⑶在意义上,情态动词具有“多义性”。例如:can既可表示能力,又可表示可能、允许等意义。 二、部分情态动词的基本用法: 1.can的基本用法: ⑴表示体力或智力上的能力,即“能够,会”,可与beableto转换。例如:HecanspeakEnglish./HeisabletospeakEnglish. 他会讲英语。Canyouplaybasketball— No,I can’t.你会打篮球吗——我不会。 如果表示将来具备的能力,要用willbeableto。例如:IfIhaveagoodsleep,Iwillbeabletodotheproblem. 假如我睡个好觉,我就能做那道题目了。

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