完整版定语从句总结精辟
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1. 定语从句 : 1) 定语从句的定义
在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代 词 who (宾格 whom,所有格 whose ),that, which 和关系副词 where, when, why 等。
The boy who is wearing a black coat bought a dictionary yesterday.
The noodles that ( which ) my mother cooked were delicious.
The school where I learned judo was very large.
I remember the day when our band was formed.
I don 'tknow the reason why she got so angry this morning.
2) 定语从句的种类 :定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
(1)限定性定语从句: 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。 这种从句与主句的关系十分密切, 书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常可以省略。
Do you know the girl who just came in?
Shanghai is a city (that ) I 've always wanted to visit.
Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane.
The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult period of my life.
(2)非限定性定语从句:它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切,书写 时往往用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句一般不用 that 引导,而且不可以省略关系词。
The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.
Lori is going to marry Mark, whom she does not love.
Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city.
3) 关系代词的用法: 在定语从句中, 关系代词起着连接主句与从句,指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取 决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。
一. 关系代词 who, whom 的用法
(1) who 可以代替人(即它的先行词必须是人) ,在从句中担任主语,往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的
介词,如果带介词则必须用宾格 whom ,即“介词 +whom ” E.g. Jonny is a person who always has novel ideas. The girl who the first prize in the contest is from Zhejiang.
The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr. Depp.
---The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp. ( 介词 to 提到定语从句前,只能用 whom.) We 'll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children.
(whom 前常用表示数量的词 none/neither/both/each/all of …)
(2)
在定语从句中,who, that 指人时可以通用,但在下列情况下用 who,而不用
that.
A) 先行词是 one, ones, anyone 时,宜用 who.
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
The ones who flatter me don 'tplease me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.
B) 先行词为 those 时,宜用 who. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake.
C) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时,宜用 who.
I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in Yunnan province.
D) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词时
is the group leader who studies very hard.
E) 在 there be 开头 的句子中,事宜用 who.
There is a young man who wants to see your father. There was a king who was kind to his people.
There are many old men who are against this plan. 二.关系代词 whose 的用法: 关系代词 whose 是关系代词 who 的所有格形式,它 既可以代人,也可以代物。当 whose 代物时,相 当于 of which. Whose 引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句,也可以是非限定性定语从句。
Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company?
The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south.
=The tourist wanted to book a room the window of which faces south.
=The tourist wanted to book a room . The room 's window faces south.
whom,但它的前面不能有
Anyone who laughs last laughs best. that , 另一个宜用 who. E.g. The boy that you met last night