语言学常用术语英汉对照表
语言学常用术语

语言学常用术语-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1A List of Commonly-used LinguisticTerminology语言学常用术语表Part I General Terms通用术语Acquisition 习得Agglutinative language 粘着语Anthropology 人类学Applied linguistics 应用语言学Arbitrariness 任意性Artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能Behaviorism 行为主义Behaviorist psychology 行为主义心理学Bilingualism 双语现象Cognition 认知Cognitive linguistics 认知语言学Cognitive science 认知科学Comparative linguistics 比较语言学Computational linguistics 计算语言学Corpus-linguistics 语料库语言学Creole 克里奥耳语;混合语Culture 文化Descriptive linguistics 描写语言学Design features 识别特征Developmental psycholinguistics 发展心理语言学Diachronic/historical linguistics历时语言学Dialect 方言Dialectology 方言学Displacement 不受时空限制的特性Dualism 二元论Duality 二重性Epistemology认识论Etymology 辞源学Experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学Formalization 形式化Formal linguistics 形式语言学Forensic linguistics 法律语言学Functionalism 功能主义General linguistics 普通语言学Grammaticality 符合语法性Ideography 表意法Inflectional language 屈折语Inter-disciplinary 交叉性学科的Isolating language 孤立语Langue 语言Macro-sociolinguistics 宏观社会语言学Mentalism 心智主义Micro-sociolinguistics 微观社会语言学Montague grammar蒙太古语法Neuro-linguistics 神经语言学Orthography 正字法Orthoepic 正音法的Paradigmatic 聚合关系Parole 言语Pedagogy 教育学;教授法Philology 语文学Philosophy 哲学Phonography 表音法Pidgin 皮钦语;洋泾浜语Polysynthetic language 多式综合语Prescriptive linguistics 规定语言学Psycholinguistics心理语言学Psychology 心理学Semeiology 符号学Sociology 社会学Speech 言语Sociolinguistics社会语言学Structuralism 结构主义Synchronic linguistics 共时语言学Syntagmatic 组合关系Theoretic linguistics 理论语言学Universal grammar 普遍语法Universality 普遍性Part II Phonology音位学Ablaut 元音变化Acoustic phonetics 声学语音学Affricate 塞擦音Allophone 音位变体Alveolar 齿龈音Articulatory phonetics 发音语音学Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学Articulatory variables 发音变体Aspiration 送气Assimilation 同化Back of tongue舌根Back vowel后元音Bilabial 双唇音Blade of tongue 舌面Broad transcription 宽式音标Central vowel 中元音Collocation 搭配Complementary distribution互补分布Consonant 辅音Dental 齿音Diacritics 变音符号;附加符号Diphthong 双元音Distinctive features 区别性特征Fricative 擦音Front vowel 前元音Glide 音渡Glottal 喉音Hard palate 硬腭International Phonetic Alphabet 国际音标Intonation 语调Liquid 流音Manner of articulation 发音方法Minimal pair最小对立体Narrow transcription 严式音标Nasal 鼻音Nasal cavity 鼻腔Palatal 腭音Pharyngeal cavity 咽腔Phone音素Phoneme音位Place of articulation 发音部位Plosive爆破音Phonemic contrast 音位对立Phonetics语音学Rounded圆唇音Soft palate (velum)软腭Spectrograph 频谱仪Speech organ 发音器官Speech sounds 语音Stop塞音Stress 重音Suprasegmental features 超音段特征Teeth ridge (alveolus) 齿龈隆骨Tip of tongue 舌尖Tone 音/声调Unrounded 非圆唇音Uvula 小舌Velar 软腭音Vocal cords 声带Voiced 浊音Voiceless清音Voicing 浊音化Vowel 元音Part III Morphology形态学Acronym 首字母缩略词Affix 词缀Affixation 词缀法Back-formation 逆成法Blending 紧缩法Borrowing 借用Bound morpheme 粘着语素Clipped words 缩略词Coinage 创新词Compounding 合成法Conversion 转换法Closed class 封闭类Derivational morpheme 派生语素Free morpheme 自由语素Idiom 成语Inflection 屈折变化Inflectional morpheme 屈折语素Jargon 行话Lexicography 辞典编纂学Loan words 外来词Morpheme 语素Open class 开放类Prefix 前缀Productive 能产的Root 词根Stem 词干Suffix 后缀Suppletion 异根Word formation 构词法Part IV Syntax句法学Abstract noun 抽象名词Accusative 宾格Active voice 主动态Adjective 形容词Adjunct 附加状语Adverbial 状语Agreement 一致关系Anaphor 照应语Antecedent 先行词Apostrophe 省略符号Apposition 同位语Article 冠词Attribute 定语Case 格Cleft sentence 分裂句Collective noun 集合名词Comment 述题Competence 语言能力Complement 补语Compound predicate 复合谓语Compound sentence 复合句Concession relation 让步关系Concrete noun 具体名词Connective 连接词Constituent 句子成分Content word 实词Continuous aspect 进行体Coordinate clause 并列句Coordinating conjunction 并列连词Copula 系动词Declarative sentence 陈述句Descriptive adequacy 描写充分性Direct object 直接宾语Discontinuous constituents 非连续性成分D-structure 深层结构Dual number 双数Dummy word 伪词Endocentric construction 向心结构Ergative 作格Exclamatory sentence 感叹句Existential sentence 存在句Exocentric construction 离心结构Explanatory adequacy 解释充分性Feminine 阴性Finite clause 限定性分句Finite verb 限定性动词Function word 功能词Generic term 泛指性成分Genitive case 所有格;属格Gender 性Gerundive 动名词Habitual aspect 习惯体Head 中心词Immediate Constituent Analysis (IC Analysis) 直接成分分析法Imperative mood 祈使语气Imperative sentence 祈使句Imperfective aspect 非完成体Indirect object 间接宾语Infinitive 不定式Inflectional affix 屈折前缀Informal language 非正式语言Intensifier 强势语Interjection 感叹词Interrogative sentence 疑问句Intransitive verb 不及物动词Intransitivity 不及物性Irregular verb 不规则动词Labeled tree diagram 加标记的树形图Language faculty 语言器官Lexical verb 实词性动词Main clause 主句Masculine 阳性的Matrix sentence 主句Middle voice 中动语态Modality 情态Modal verbs 情态动词Modification 修饰Modifier 修饰语Morphological process 形态过程Move 移位Negation 否定Neuter gender 中性Nominal 名词性的Nominal clause 名词性分句Nominalization 名物化Nominative case 主格Non-place predicate 空位述谓结构Numeral 数词Object 宾语Objective 宾格Oblique case 斜格Observational adequacy 观察充分性One-place predicate 一位述谓结构Onomatopoeia 拟声词Particle 小品词Parts of speech 词性Passive voice 被动语态Past perfect tense 过去完成时Past tense过去时Perfective aspect 完成体Performance 语言运用;言语行为Personal pronoun 人称代词Personification 拟人化Phrasal verb 短语动词Phrase 短语Phrase structure rules (PS-rules) 短语结构规则Plural 复数的Plurality 复数性Postposition 后置词Postpositional phrase 后置性短语Predicate 谓词Preposition 介词Prepositional phrase 介词性短语Present tense 现在时Progressive aspect 进行体Projection principle 投射原则Pronominal 代词性的Pronoun 代词Quantifier 数量词Reciprocal pronoun 互指代词Reflexive pronoun 反身代词Reflexive verb 反身动词Relative adverb 关系副词Relative clause 关系状语Relative pronoun 关系代词Rhetorical question 反意疑问句Sentence 句子Sentential 句子的Sentential complement 句子性补语Simple sentence 简单句Singular 单数的Singularity 单数性S-structure 表层结构Subject 主语Subjective 主格Subordinate 从属句Substantive 实词Syntactic function 句法功能Tag question 附加疑问句Tense 时态Topic 主题Transformational-generative grammar (TG grammar) 转换生成语法Transitive verb 及物动词Transitivity 及物性Two-place predicate 二位述谓结构Unaccusativity 动词的非宾格性Verb 动词Verbal behavior 言语行为Voice 语态Word classes 词类Word order 词序Yes-no question 是非问句;一般疑问句Part V Semantics语义学Agent 施事Antonym 反义词Antonymy 反义关系Beneficiary 受益者Color word 色彩词Complementarity 互补性反义关系Componential analysis 成分分析法Contradiction 自相矛盾的说法Deictic center 指示中心Deixis 指示语Downgrade 语义降格Experiencer 经历者Homography 同形异音异义Homonymy 同音异义Hyponym 下义词Hyponymy 下义Instrument 工具Locative 地点Meaningfulness 有意义Naming 命名论Participant role 参与者角色Patient 受事Person deixis 人称指示语Place deixis 地点指示语Polysemy 一词多义Possible world 可能世界Predication analysis 述谓结构分析Recipient 接收者Reference 所指Referent 所指对象Selectional restrictions 选择限制Semantic role 语义角色Sense 意义Superordinate 上义词Synonym 同义词Synonymy 同义关系Theme 受事Th eta role (θ-role) 语义角色Time deixis 时间指示语Truth condition 真值条件Valency 配价Part VI Pragmatics语用学Addressee 说话对象Adjacency pair 邻接对Context 语境;上下文Conversational implicature 会话含义Cooperative principle 合作原则Direct speech 直接话语Discourse 话语Distal 远指Encyclopedic knowledge 百科知识Euphemism 委婉语Focus 焦点Generalized implicature 广义含义Given vs. new information 已知与未知信息Honorific 敬语Illocutionary act 言外行为Illocutionary force 言外之力Implicature 含义Indirect speech 间接话语Informativeness principle 信息原则Manner implicature 方式含义Maxim of manner 方式准则Maxim of quality 质量准则Maxim of quantity 数量准则Maxim of relation 关联准则Performative 施为句Performative verb 施为动词Perlocutionary act 言后行为Potential implicature 可能含义Potential presupposition 可能预设Pre-announcement 事先声明Preparatory condition 准备条件Presupposition预设Presupposition suspension 预设中止Presupposition trigger 预设激发Propositional act 命题行为Propositional content 命题内容Propositional relation 命题关系Proposition 命题Proximal 近指Quality implicature 质的含义Quantity implicature 量的含义Scalar implicature 标尺含义Schema 图式Self-repair 自我修正Sincerity condition 诚实原则Speaker 说话者Speech act 言语行为Text 语篇Turn 话轮Turn-taking 话轮转换。
系统功能语言学英汉对照术语表

系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表作者:翁素贤提供 转贴自:摘自《系统功能语言学多维思考》您要打印的文件是:系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表打印本文系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表―――摘自《系统功能语言学多维思考》AAbitliy 能力 Actor 施动者Addressee 受话者 Addresser 发话者 Agent 施事Anaphoric 指前的 Antonym 反义词 Antonymy 反义意义 Autonomy 自治性 BBehavior 行为Behavioral process 行为过程 Beneficiary 受益者 CCataphoric 指后的 Categorical 绝对的 Categorization 范畴化 Central token 中心标志 Chain 链Channel 渠道 Choice 选择 Clause 小句Clause as theme 句项主位 Cleft sentence 分裂句 Closed system 封闭系统 Coclassisfication 相互区分Coextension相互扩展Coherence连贯Cohesion链接Cohesive chain链接链Cohesive tie链接纽带Cohyponym共同下义词Collocation搭配Collocational chain搭配链Comeronym共同局部关系词Command命令Comment述题Competence(语言)能力Complementarity互补性Congruence一致性Conjunction连接,连词Consonant辅音Consonant grammar协和语法Constructivism构建主义Context语境,上下文Context of culture文化语境Context of situation情境语境Continuity连续体Continuum连续体Conventional meaning常规意义Coocurrence同现Cooperative principle合作原则Coordination并列Coreference相互对应Correspondence对应Critical linguistics批评语言学Cross-coupling交互匹配DDecategorization非范畴化Declarative陈述的Delicacy精密度Dialect方言Dialectal variety方言变体Diatypic variety功能变体Didactic教导性的Direct speech act直接言语行为Discontinuity脱节,间断性Discourse话语Discourse analysis话语分析Distribution分布Dynamic动态的EElegance雅致Ellipsis省略Endophoric指内的Entry condition入列条件Exchange交换Exclusive排他的Exhaustiveness有尽性Existential clause存在句Existential process存在过程Exophoric 指外的Experiential function经验功能Experiential meaning经验意义Explicitness明晰性的Expository说明性的External text外在语篇Extragrammartical语法外的FFalling tone降调Falling-rising tone降升调Falsifiability可反证性Family resemblance家族相似性Feature特征Field of discourse话语范围Finiteness限定性,有限性First-order一级的Formal 形式的,形式主义的,正式的Formal linguistics形式主义语言学Formality正式化Formalization形式化Frozen僵化Function功能Functional linguistics功能主义语言学Functional sentence perspective功能句子观Functional tenor功能基调GGenerative semantics生成语义学Generic structure语类结构,体裁结构,类型结构Genre语类,体裁,类型Gestalt psychology格式塔心理学,完形心理学Given information已知信息Global coherence整体连贯Goal目标,对象Goods & services物品与服务Grammar语法Grammatical metaphor语法比喻Group词组HHearer受话者Heuristic function启发功能Hyponym下义词Hyponymy下义关系Hypotactic从属关系的Hypotaxis从属关系Hypothesis假说,假设IIdeational function概念功能Ideational meaning概念意义Identity chain同一链Ideology思想,意识形态Illocutionary act言外行为Illocutionary function言外功能Imaginative function想象功能Immediate situation直接情景Imperative 祈使的Iimplicature含义,蕴含Inclination意愿Inclusive内包的Incongruence不一致性Indicative直陈的Indirect speech act间接言语行为Inference推理Informal非正式的Information信息Information focus信息中心Information structure信息结构Information unit信息单位Informative function告知功能Instantiation例示Instrumental function工具功能Instrumentality工具性Intention意图Interactional function交流功能Interactionism互动主义Interface接面Internal structure内部结构Inter-organism机体之间Interpersonal function人际功能Interpersonal meaning人际意义Interpersonal theme人际主位Interpretative semantics解释语义学Interrogative疑问的Intonation语调Intra-organism机体内部KKey口吻,调式LLanguage acquisition device语言习得机制Language语言Level(of language)(语言的)层次Lexical词汇的Lexical cohesion词汇链接Lexis词汇Linguistic determinism语言决定论Linguistic relativity语言相对论Local coherence局部连贯Locutionary act言内行为Logical function逻辑功能Logical meaning逻辑意义London School伦敦学派MMacrofunction宏观功能Macrorule宏观规则Macrostructure宏观结构Marked有标记的Material process物质过程Meaning potential意义潜能Mental process心理过程Mental text内在语篇,心理语篇Meronym局部关系词Meronymy局部关系Metafunction纯理功能Metalingual元语言的Metaphor比喻Microfunction微观功能Missing link脱节Modality情态Mode of discourse话语方式Modifier修饰成分Modular system模块系统Modulation意态Monosystem单系统Mood语气Multiple theme复项主位NNarrative陈述性的Network网络New information新信息Nominal group名词词组Non-constructivism非构建主义Non-structural非结构的OObligation义务Obligatory element必备成分Offer提供Old information旧信息,已知信息Open system开放系统Opposition对立,对立体Option选择Optional element非必备成分PParadigmatic纵聚合的Paratactic并列关系的Parataxis并列关系Parole言语Participant参与者Patterns of thematic progression主位推进模式Performance(语言)运用Peripheral token外围标记Perlocutionary act言后行为Person人称Personal function个体功能Personal tenor个人基调Persuasive说服性的Phatic communion寒暄语Phatic function寒暄功能Phonological 音系层的Pitch音高,音调Pitch contour音调曲线Point of departure起点Polarity极性Politeness principle礼貌原则Polysystemic多系统的Pragmatic function实用功能Pragmatics语用学Prague school布拉格学派Predicator预设Presupposition假设Probability盖然性,或然性Process过程Proposal提议,建议Proposition命题Protolanguage原型语言Prototype原型Pseudo-cleft sentence假分裂句QQualifier(名次词组中心词后面的)修饰成分Question问题,提问RRank级Rankshift 级变Realization体现Register语域Regulatory function控制功能Relational process关系过程Relevance相关Repetition重复Residue剩余部分Resource源泉Restriction制约Rheme述位Rising升调Rising-falling tone升降调Role角色Role relationship角色关系Rule规则SSapir-Whorf hypothesis萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说Scale-and-category grammar阶与范畴语法Schema theory图示理论Second-order二级的Selectional restriction选择性限制Semantic anomaly语义异常Semantic configuaration语义组合,语义配置Semiotic符号Semiotics符号学Semogenesis创义Similarity chain相似链Simple theme单项主位Situation情景Slot空位Social function社会功能Speaker讲话者Speech act言语行为Speech function言语功能Speech role言语角色Statement陈述Static静态的Stratificational grammar层次语法Structural结构的Structural operation结构运作Structure结构Style风格Subject主语Subordination从属Substitution替代Sub-system子系统Superordinate上义词Synonym同义词Synonymy同义关系Syntagmatic横组合的System系统Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Systemic-functional linguistics系统功能语言学TTagmemics法位学Tenor of discourse话语基调Tense时态Term(in a system)(系统中的)项目Text语篇Textual function语篇功能Textual meaning语篇意义Textual theme语篇主位Texture语篇特征,谋篇机制Thematic progression主位推进Thematic structure主位结构Theme主位Token标记Topic话题Topical sentence主题句Topical theme话题主位Transference转义Transformation转换Transformational-generative grammar转换生成语法Transitivity及物性Truth condition真值条件UUnit单位Unmarked无标记的VValidity可信度Value值,价值Variety变体Verbal event言语事件Verbal group动词词组verbal process言语过程Voice语态Vowel元音W Word词Page 11of 11系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表2014-2-14 /Article_Print.asp?ArticleID=214。
胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表

胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表-(1)(DOC)胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表1.语言的普遍特征: 任意性 arbitrariness多产性 productivity 移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许 多不在场的东西 文化传播性 culturaltransmission2o 语言的功能:传达信息功能informative 人济功能:interpersonal 行事功能:Performative 表情功能:Emotive 寒暄功能:Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能 metalingual3.语言学linguistics :包括六个分支语音学Phonetics音位学phonology形态学 Morphology句法学syntax双层结构duality语义学semantics语用学pragmatics4.现代结构主义语言学创始人:Ferdinand de saussure提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一:语言与言语language and parole,语言之语言系统的整体,言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语5.语法创始人:Noam Chomsky提出概念语言能力与语言运用competenceand performance1.Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language:a.we can easily teach our children to learn a certain languageb.we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing.c.we can u se language to refer to something not presentd.we can produce sentencesthat have never been heard before.2.What is the most important function of language?a.i nterpersonalb.phaticc.in formatived.metallingual3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn'tit ?"is __a informativeb.phaticc.directived.performative4.The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __a saussureb.hallidayc.chomskyd.the prague school5.Who put forward the distinction between language and parole?a.saussureb.chomskyc.hallidayd anomymous第二节语音学1.发音器官由声带the vocal cords和三个回声腔组成2.辅音consonant there is an obstruction of the air stream at some point of the vocal tract.3.辅音的发音方式爆破音complete obstruction 鼻音nasals破裂音plosives咅B分阻塞辅音partial obstruction擦音fricatives 破擦音affricates等4.辅音清浊特征voicing辅音的送气特征aspiration5.元音vowel分类标准舌翘位置,舌高和嘴唇的形状6 双元音diphthongs有元音过渡vowel glides1.Articulatory phonetics mainly studies __.a.the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechb・the perception of soundsc.the combination of soundsd.the production of sounds2.The distinction between vowel s and consonantslies in __a.the place of articulationb.the obstruction f airstreamc.the position of the tongued.the shape of the lips3.What is the common factor of the three sounds: p, k ta.voicelessb.spreadc.voicedd.n asal4.What phonetic feature distinguish the p in please and the p in speak?a.voicingb.aspirationc.roundnessd.nasality5.Which of the following is not a distinctive feature in English?a.voicingb.n asalc.approximationd.aspiration6.The phonologicalfeatures of the consonantk are __a.voiced stopb.voiceless stopc.voiced fricatived.voiceless fricative7.p is divverent from k in __a.the manner of articulationb.the shape of the lipsc.the vibration of the vocal cordsd.the palce of articualtion8.Vibration of the vocal cords results in __a.aspirationb.n asalityc.obstructiond.voicing第三节音位学phonology1.音位学与语音学的区别:语音学着重于语音的自然属性,主要关注所有语言中人可能发出的所有声音;音位学则强调语音的社会功能,其对象是某一种语言中可以用来组合成词句的那些语音。
英汉语言学术语对照表2

BBaby Talk娃娃腔 [陶]back-channel 衬托型反馈形式[陶]backgrounding 抑退[吕240]Bahasa Indonesia 巴萨印尼话[陶]ballooning(of rules) (规则)膨胀[吕240]banter principle 逗乐原则[廖369]bare noun 光杆名词[陈129]basic level 基本层次[廖417]basic level terms 典型层次词[廖436]Basque 巴斯克语[陶]Bazaar Malay 集市马来话[陶]begging 乞求[陶]behavioral norm 行为规范[陈106]Berber 柏柏尔语[陶]beyond sentence grammar 超句语法[廖234]bi-cultural 双文化[陶]bidialectalism 双方言[陶]bilingual 说双语的人[陶]bilingualism 双语[陶]biunique 一一对应[陈11]bounded 有界的[陈168]boundedness 封闭性[廖438]bracketing 加括[吕241]brand new 全新的[廖399]bundle of features 特征束[陈10]Ccamaraderie 同志式的[陶]cardinal reference-point 主要元音参考点[廖318] case-marker 格标记[吕241]case marking 格标记[廖340]Catalan 加泰窿语[陶]cataphoric reference 反指[陈206]catastrophic change 剧变,灾变[陶] catastrophism 剧变说,灾变说[陶]categorize 类化[陈103]categorization 范畴化[廖449]category 范畴[廖449][吕241]causal 因果性[陈117]causative construction 使成结构[廖326 344] cause adverb 原因副词[吕241]causee 使成者[廖345]causer 肇事者[廖345]center string 中心语符列[陈45]change in progress 进行中的变化[陶]chunk 信息块[陈89]circumstantial role 附带成分[陈183]circumstantials 随遇成分[廖27]citation 引用[廖359]clarity principle 清楚原则[廖370]class 类[陈128]classical 古语[陶]class-inclusion 类包括[吕241]classes of words 词类[吕241]classification 分类体[廖124]clause 小句[廖236][吕241]clause-internal rules 小句内部规则[吕241]cleft sentence 分裂句[陈240]clefting 分裂[吕241]closed network 封闭网络[陶]cluster 词群[廖408]code 代码[吕241]code norm 代码规范[陈105]code-switching 语码转换[陶]codification 标准的健全[陶]coding 表现[陈163]coding device 编码手段[吕241]cognitive content 认识内容[吕241]cognitive correspondence 认知对应原则[陈104] cognitive function 认识功能[吕241]cognitive information 认知信息[陶]cognitive representation theory 认知表现理论[陈104] cognitive science 认知科学[廖380]cognitive synonymy 认知同义关系[廖406]coherence 意义连贯[廖373]cohesion 形式连贯[廖373]cohesive relationship 连贯关系[廖399]collaborative finish 合作完成式[陶]collocational restrictions 习惯性搭配限制[廖408] command 统御[陈68]comment 论述,陈述[廖333 396][陈187] 说明[吕241] commissives 承诺[廖423]common focus 共喻圈[吕242]common knowledge 共同知识[吕242]communication 传信[廖379]communication accommodation theory, CAT 交际适应理论[陶] communicative competence 交际能力[廖278]communicative force 实际用义[廖357]communicative language teaching 交际语言教学[陶] compactness 简洁[吕242]comparative 比较[吕242]compatibility 并存关系[廖407]competence 语言能力[陈18] 能耐[吕242]complementaries 互补词[廖411]complements 补足成分[廖27] 补语[吕242]complementizer 成形剂[吕242]complex change 复变[陈160]complex-NP-shift 复杂NP移位[吕242]complex sentence 复杂句[吕242]componentialist 要素分析者[廖438]compound interdependent 合成型[陶]compression rules 压缩规则[吕242]conative function 使动功能[廖313]conceptual dependency 概念从属(语法)[陈101]concord 一致[吕242]conditional adverb 条件副词[吕242]conditional coherence 条件连贯[陈83]configuration 构型[廖438]configurationality 组合性[陈108]congruence relations 一致关系[廖406]congruent 一致性[陶]congruent meronym 一致部件[廖407]conjoinability 可连接性[廖27]conjunction 连词/联合[吕242]conjunction-reduction 省并[吕242]connectivers 连接成分[廖451]constituency rules 组成成分规则[廖314]constituent class 成分类别[陈41]constituent ellipsis 成分省略[廖14]constituent insertion 成分插入[陶]constituent order 结构成分顺序[廖334]constitutive principles 构成原则[廖373]constant 常量[吕242]constraints 限制[廖328] 约束[吕242]construction grammar 结构语法[廖281]containment 包含[廖483]contemporary 当代[陶]content form 内容形式[陈9]content mode 内容表达式[廖359]content substance 内容实体[陈9]context 语境,上文[廖236 395]context of situation 言语情景;情景的上下文[陶]context-dependent structure/system 依靠语境的结构/系统[廖236] context-free rule 不受上下文约束的规则[吕242]context of situation 语境[廖319]context-sensitive rule 受上下文约束的规则[吕242]contextual relations 语境关系[廖404]contextual style 场合语体[陶]contextualization cues 语境线索[陶]continuity 连续性[陈187]continuous variable 连续变量[陶]continuum 连续体[陈64 162]contraction 语音省缩[吕242]contrary 指反[陈217]contrastive prominence 对比重音[吕242]control 自控力[廖332]convergence 靠近[陶]conversation 会话[廖236]conversational analysis,CA 对话分析[廖235] 会话分析[陶] conversational implicatures 话语蕴含[陶]conversational postulates 对话原则[廖361]converse 逆反词[廖413]co-occurrence constraint 共现约束[吕242]cooperative principle 合作原则[廖179 357]co-ordinate independent 并存型[陶]coordinate structure 并列结构[吕242]copula verb 系词[吕242]coreference 同一性关系[陈182]corpus planning 语型规划[陶]corrected mean 修正均值[陶]correspondence 对应[廖365]co-taxonyms 同类分类词[廖409]counteractive 反动关系[廖412]counterparts 对应词[廖413]covert prestige 隐威信[陶]creole 克里奥语,混合语[陶]criterial 判别性的[廖404]cross-cultural communication 跨文化的交际[陶]crossover 超越[陶]cultivation 培养[陶]current 邻接的[廖399]cycle 轮转[吕243]cyclic application 循环使用[廖317]contrastive features 区别特征[陶]。
英汉对照手语语言学词汇

Movement-hold model
动持理论
Name sign
专名手势
New Zealand Sign Language
新西兰手语
Nicaraguan sign language
尼加拉瓜手语
Non-dominant hand
辅手
Non-manual features
表情体态特征
Non-manual markers
英国手语
Canadian sign language
加拿大手语
Character signs
仿字
Cherology
手语音系学(William Stokoe术语)
Chinese Sign Language(CSL)
中国手语
Classifier
类标记
Compound signs
复合手势
Contact signing
象似性
Indexical sign
指示手势
Indopakistani sign language
印度巴基斯坦手语
International Sign
国际手语
Irish sign language
爱尔兰手语
Israeli Sign Language
以色列手语
Italian sign language
意大利手语
类标记动词
Classifier handshape
类标记手形
Proform classifier
代形式类标记
Deictic sign
指代手势
HamNoSys
汉堡转写体系
Marked handshape
有标记手形
Unmarked handshape
语言学术语对照表

•absolute universals 绝对共性[廖328] absolute case 通格[廖204]abstract construct 抽象结构[廖235]accessibility hierachy 辨认度[廖27]acceptability 可接受性[廖373]accommodation 让步,适应[陶]accompaniment adverb 交与副词[吕239]accomplishment 结束[陈147 159]accusative 受事格[廖346]accusative object 受事宾语[吕240]achievement 成就[陈147]act 行为[廖236]act sequence 信息内容与形式[陶]actional predicate 动作谓语[吕240]activated 被激发的[廖396 402]active 主动格[陈108]activity 活动[陈147 157]actual 实际[廖375]adequacy 切应性[陈51]adjacency 邻接关系[吕240]adjacency pairs 语对[陶]adjective 形容词[吕240]adjunct string 附加语符列[陈45]adjuncts 修饰语[廖27]adjusment model 调整模式[陈41]adposition 介词[吕240]advanced 高等[陶]adverb 副词[吕240]adverb-fronting 副词前移[吕240]adverb-lowering 副词下降[吕240]affective 表情<作用>[陈9]affix 词缀[吕240]Afrikanns 阿富堪斯[陶]age grading 年龄级差[陶]agent 施事[吕240]agglutinating 粘着型[廖331]agglutinative 粘着型[陈107]agreement 一致[吕240]agreement maxim 同意的准则[廖369]AI<artificial intelligence> 人工智能[廖235]allocation of function 功能的分配[陶]allocation of use 用途的分配[陶]ambiguity 歧义[吕240]ambiguity maxim 歧义准则[廖370]American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages <ACTFL> 美国外语教学委员会[陶] American Institutes of Research 美国研究所[陶]analogues 模拟词[廖408]analytic 分析型[陈107]analytic causative 分析式使成式[廖345]anaphor 回指对象[陈182]anaphora 指称替代[廖236] 回指形式[陈182]anaphoric reference 回指[陈121 181][吕240]animacy 生命度[廖326 332 347 352]antecedent 先行词[陈182] 被代词[吕240]anterior 先事时[陈173]anterior future 先事将来时[陈174]anterior past 先事过去时[陈174]anterior present 先事现在时[陈174]anthropological 人类学的[廖235]anthropology 人类学[陶]Antigua 西印度群岛上的安梯瓜[陶]antipodals 对跖词[廖413]antonym 两极词[廖412]antonymy 两极关系[廖417]apparent time 显象时间[陶]appositive clause 同位小句[吕240]approbation maxim 表扬的准则[廖369]appropriateness 合适性[廖374]得体性[陶]arbitrary 任意的[陶]archiphoneme 原音位[陈10]argument 论元[陈84 196] 参与者[吕240]argument position 论元位[陈104]argumentation 论辩体[廖124]argumentative 论证[廖236]argumentative structure 论证结构[廖237] Aroucanians 智利的阿劳卡尼人[陶]article 冠词[吕240]aspect 时态[陈143] 态[吕240] 体[陶]assert 肯定[吕240]assertion 肯定[吕240]assertive 断言的[廖425]assign 分配[吕240]associated typology 关联类型学[廖331]atomic structure of sentences 句子的原始结构[吕240] attach to 系附于[吕240]attenuated 较单薄的[廖61]attributes 属性[廖435 449]attributive relative clause 修饰性关系小句[吕240] audience design 听众设计[陶]augmented transition network 扩展的转移网络[廖379] authentic 真实材料[陶]automatic translation 自动翻译[陈96] autonomous syntax 自主的句法[廖236] Autosegmental Phonology 自分音系理论[陶] auxiliary verb 助动词[吕240]BBaby Talk娃娃腔 [陶]back-channel 衬托型反馈形式[陶]backgrounding 抑退[吕240]Bahasa Indonesia 巴萨印度尼西亚话[陶]ballooning<of rules> <规则>膨胀[吕240]banter principle 逗乐原则[廖369]bare noun 光杆名词[陈129]basic level 基本层次[廖417]basic level terms 典型层次词[廖436]Basque 巴斯克语[陶]Bazaar Malay 集市马来话[陶]begging 乞求[陶]behavioral norm 行为规范[陈106]Berber 柏柏尔语[陶]beyond sentence grammar 超句语法[廖234]bi-cultural 双文化[陶]bidialectalism 双方言[陶]bilingual 说双语的人[陶]bilingualism 双语[陶]biunique 一一对应[陈11]bounded 有界的[陈168]boundedness 封闭性[廖438]bracketing 加括[吕241]brand new 全新的[廖399]bundle of features 特征束[陈10]Ccamaraderie 同志式的[陶]cardinal reference-point 主要元音参考点[廖318] case-marker 格标记[吕241]case marking 格标记[廖340]Catalan 加泰窿语[陶]cataphoric reference 反指[陈206] catastrophic change 剧变,灾变[陶] catastrophism 剧变说,灾变说[陶]categorize 类化[陈103]categorization 范畴化[廖449]category 范畴[廖449][吕241]causal 因果性[陈117]causative construction 使成结构[廖326 344] cause adverb 原因副词[吕241]causee 使成者[廖345]causer 肇事者[廖345]center string 中心语符列[陈45]change in progress 进行中的变化[陶]chunk 信息块[陈89]circumstantial role 附带成分[陈183] circumstantials 随遇成分[廖27]citation 引用[廖359]clarity principle 清楚原则[廖370]class 类[陈128]classical 古语[陶]class-inclusion 类包括[吕241]classes of words 词类[吕241]classification 分类体[廖124]clause 小句[廖236][吕241]clause-internal rules 小句内部规则[吕241]cleft sentence 分裂句[陈240]clefting 分裂[吕241]closed network 封闭网络[陶]cluster 词群[廖408]code 代码[吕241]code norm 代码规范[陈105]code-switching 语码转换[陶]codification 标准的健全[陶]coding 表现[陈163]coding device 编码手段[吕241]cognitive content 认识内容[吕241]cognitive correspondence 认知对应原则[陈104] cognitive function 认识功能[吕241]cognitive information 认知信息[陶]cognitive representation theory 认知表现理论[陈104] cognitive science 认知科学[廖380]cognitive synonymy 认知同义关系[廖406] coherence 意义连贯[廖373]cohesion 形式连贯[廖373]cohesive relationship 连贯关系[廖399] collaborative finish 合作完成式[陶]collocational restrictions 习惯性搭配限制[廖408] command 统御[陈68]comment 论述,陈述[廖333 396][陈187] 说明[吕241]commissives 承诺[廖423]common focus 共喻圈[吕242]common knowledge 共同知识[吕242]communication 传信[廖379]communication accommodation theory, CAT 交际适应理论[陶] communicative competence 交际能力[廖278] communicative force 实际用义[廖357]communicative language teaching 交际语言教学[陶] compactness 简洁[吕242]comparative 比较[吕242]compatibility 并存关系[廖407]competence 语言能力[陈18] 能耐[吕242] complementaries 互补词[廖411]complements 补足成分[廖27] 补语[吕242] complementizer 成形剂[吕242]complex change 复变[陈160]complex-NP-shift 复杂NP移位[吕242]complex sentence 复杂句[吕242]componentialist 要素分析者[廖438]compound interdependent 合成型[陶]compression rules 压缩规则[吕242]conative function 使动功能[廖313]conceptual dependency 概念从属<语法>[陈101]concord 一致[吕242]conditional adverb 条件副词[吕242]conditional coherence 条件连贯[陈83]configuration 构型[廖438]configurationality 组合性[陈108]congruence relations 一致关系[廖406]congruent 一致性[陶]congruent meronym 一致部件[廖407]conjoinability 可连接性[廖27]conjunction 连词/联合[吕242]conjunction-reduction 省并[吕242]connectivers 连接成分[廖451]constituency rules 组成成分规则[廖314]constituent class 成分类别[陈41]constituent ellipsis 成分省略[廖14]constituent insertion 成分插入[陶]constituent order 结构成分顺序[廖334]constitutive principles 构成原则[廖373]constant 常量[吕242]constraints 限制[廖328] 约束[吕242]construction grammar 结构语法[廖281]containment 包含[廖483]contemporary 当代[陶]content form 内容形式[陈9]content mode 内容表达式[廖359]content substance 内容实体[陈9]context 语境,上文[廖236 395]context of situation 言语情景;情景的上下文[陶]context-dependent structure/system 依靠语境的结构/系统[廖236] context-free rule 不受上下文约束的规则[吕242]context of situation 语境[廖319]context-sensitive rule 受上下文约束的规则[吕242]contextual relations 语境关系[廖404]contextual style 场合语体[陶]contextualization cues 语境线索[陶]continuity 连续性[陈187]continuous variable 连续变量[陶]continuum 连续体[陈64 162]contraction 语音省缩[吕242]contrary 指反[陈217]contrastive prominence 对比重音[吕242]control 自控力[廖332]convergence 靠近[陶]conversation 会话[廖236]conversational analysis,CA 对话分析[廖235] 会话分析[陶] conversational implicatures 话语蕴含[陶]conversational postulates 对话原则[廖361]converse 逆反词[廖413]co-occurrence constraint 共现约束[吕242]cooperative principle 合作原则[廖179 357]co-ordinate independent 并存型[陶] coordinate structure 并列结构[吕242]copula verb 系词[吕242]coreference 同一性关系[陈182]corpus planning 语型规划[陶]corrected mean 修正均值[陶] correspondence 对应[廖365]co-taxonyms 同类分类词[廖409] counteractive 反动关系[廖412]counterparts 对应词[廖413]covert prestige 隐威信[陶]creole 克里奥语,混合语[陶]criterial 判别性的[廖404]cross-cultural communication 跨文化的交际[陶] crossover 超越[陶]cultivation 培养[陶]current 邻接的[廖399]cycle 轮转[吕243]cyclic application 循环使用[廖317]contrastive features 区别特征[陶]Ddata 数据[廖236]dative 与格[廖346]Davidian 达罗毗荼[陶]declaratives 宣告句[廖420]declarative sentence 陈述句[吕243]de-creolization 克里奥尔脱化[陶]de-creolization continuum 克里奥尔脱化连续体[陶] deep structure 深层结构[吕243]default 常规选择[廖373]deferent 敬重[陶]Deficit Hypothesis 语言缺陷论[陶]definite 有定[廖40]definiteness 定指度[廖342]definiteness of subject and object 主语和宾语的限定[廖237] degree-terms 程度词[廖411]deictic 指示词[吕243]deixis 指示词[廖195]deletion rules 消除规则[吕243]delicacy 精细度[廖319]demonstrative structure 论证结构[廖451]deontic modality 义务情态[廖419]dependency relation 依赖关系[吕243]derivational morphology 衍生构词[廖316] 构词形态[吕243] derived sentence 派生句[吕243]derived structure 派生结构[吕243]description 描写体[廖124]descriptive structuer 描写结构[廖237]descriptivists 描写学派[廖308 322][陈11 35]design features 图案成分[廖309]destressing 轻音化[吕243]determiner 区别词[吕243]deviation 偏离[陶]diachronic derivability 历时可导性[陈116]diagram 图解[吕243]dialect 方言[陶]dialect geography 方言地理学[廖264]dialectology 方言学[廖262]dialogic 对话性[陶]dialogue 对话[廖234 236]differentiable 可区分的[廖408]diglossia 双言制[陶]dimension 标度[廖211]dimensional model 层面模式[陈109]direct illocutions 直接表达式[廖361]direct object 直接宾语[吕243]directional adverb 趋向副词[吕243]directives 指令[廖423]direct speech 直接句[廖360]discourse 对话[廖379] 言谈[吕243]discourse analysis 篇章分析[廖181 234 310][陈25 55] discourse connectedness 篇章连贯[廖236]discourse connectives 篇章连接[廖236 237] discourse for special occasions 特别场合的篇章[廖236] discourse-functional syntax 篇章-功能句法[廖236] discourse-functionally motivated structure/system有篇章-功能理据的结构/系统[廖237]discourse genres 篇章类型[廖236]discourse intonation 篇章语调[廖236]discourse organization 篇章结构[廖236]discourse particles 篇章词[廖236]discourse perspective on syntax 篇章观点看句法[廖237] discourse predicate 篇章谓词[廖236 237]discourse scope 篇章管界[廖236 237]discourse units 篇章单位[廖236]discovery procedure 发现过程[廖309] 发现程序[陈11 43] discrete 离散的[廖332]displaced 间隔的[廖399]dissonance 不和谐[廖416]distant 距离,保持距离[陶]distinctive features 区别成分[廖317]distinctive feature theory 区别成分理论[廖313] distributionalists 分布学派[陈11]distribution universals 分布共性[廖338]divergence 分离[陶]Document Design Project, DDP 文献设计计划[陶]doing 做事[陶]domain 认知领域[廖438]domain of predication 表述界域[吕243]domain of transformations 转换界域[吕243]domain theory 语域理论[陶]dominances 处理中心[廖373]dominant 显性[陈115]double articulation 双重分节[陈113]doublet 词对[廖408]dummy filler 傀儡成分[吕244]durative 持续[陈152]dynamic process 动态过程[陈64]Eearly modern 现代早期[陶]ease of processing 循索的便利[吕244]eclectic 折中调和[陈70]economy principle 简练原则[廖370]effectiveness 有效性[廖374]efficiency 简易性[廖373]efficient 高效性[陈40]elaborated code 复杂语码[陶]elaboration 标准的扩建[陶]elementary sentence 初级句[陈45]ellipsis 省略[廖14 236]ellipsis of arguments and frams 主目和框架的省略[廖237] embed sentence 嵌入句[吕244]embedded construction 嵌套结构[陶]empirical evidence 立论依据[陈16]empty category 空语类[陈17]encode 表现[陈22]end-focus maxim 焦点在尾准则[廖359 370] endocentric 内中心[吕244]endoglossic 本土的[陶]endonym 被包含词[廖408]ends 目标与效果[陶]end-scope maxim 辖域在尾准则[廖370]end-weight maxim 重心在尾准则[廖359 370]entail 包含[廖194]entailment 包含关系[廖404]entity 实体[廖435][陈120]episodic memory 情节记忆[廖376]epistemic modality 知识情态[廖419]equi-NP-deletion 等名消除[吕244]equipollent antonyms 均等词[廖412]ergative-absolutive system 施-受格系统[廖333] ergative case 作格[廖204][陈108]ergativity 作格格局[廖196]ethnicity 民族[陶]ethno- 民族,民俗[陶]ethnographical 人群学的[廖235]ethnography of communication 交际民族志学[陶] ethnography of speaking 言语民族志学;交际人种志学[陶] ethnomethodological 民族学的[廖235] ethnomethodology 民俗方法论[陶]European Community 欧洲共同体[陶]evaluated participation, EP 参与估价[陶]evaluation 评价体[廖124] 评价[陶]evaluatives 评价[廖423]event 事件[廖236]evidence 验证[吕244]evoked 激发的[廖399 402]exchange 交换[廖236]excluded 排斥的[廖404]exemplar 样本[廖435]existential sentence 存在句,呈现句[吕244]exocentric 外中心[吕244]exoglossic 外来的[陶]exonym 包含词[廖408]expansion rule 扩展规则[吕244]expected 预期的[廖404]experiencer 感受者[廖332]expert category 专业范畴[廖437]explicit 明确[陈37]expository 说明,说明体[124 236]exposition 说明体[廖124]expression form 表达形式[陈9]expression substance 表达实体[陈9]expressive discourse 抒情体[廖124]expressive function 表情功能[廖313]expressity principle 表达力原则[廖370]extended performative hypothesis 扩展表述句式假说[廖361] extraposition 外位[吕244]Ffactive 叙实[吕244]factivity 实事性[吕244]falsification 证伪[陈26]family resemblance 家庭成员相似性[廖434]family resemblance category 家庭成员相似范畴[廖439] family tree theory 家族树理论[陈5]feature 特征[廖449]feature norm 特征规范[陈106]feedback 反馈[陶]field 场域[陈79] 范围[陶]figure 人物[廖161]finished product 成品[陈86]finite-state grammar 有限状态语法[陈49]first pair part 上联[陶]flagged 插旗式,标记性[陶]flectional 融合性[廖331]Flemish 荷兰语的佛来米语[陶]focus 焦点[廖332][陈65]focus of information 信息焦点[陈235]focusing rules 聚焦规则[吕244]folk category 通俗范畴[廖437]folk taxonomy 民俗分类结构[廖409]force 动力,用意[廖332 357 360]foregrounding 突出[吕244]Foreign Service Institute美国外交学院[陶]foreigner talk 外国人腔[陶]formalism 形式主义[廖452]formalist 形式主义学派[陈14]formalist functionalism 形式功能主义[廖357]formal universals 形式共性[廖327]formation rules 成形规则[吕244]formulaic 套语性[陈112]forms of communication 交际形式[陶]forms of speech 言语形式[陶]fossilize 僵化[陶]frame 框架[廖400 438 451][陈82] 交际框架[陶]framing 框架[陶]frequency adverb 频次副词[吕245]fronting 前化[陈6]fronting rules 移前规则[吕245]full turn 正式的话轮[陶]function assignment 功能分配[陈96]function of communication 交际功能[陶]functional coherence 功能连贯[廖236][陈83]functional communicative activities 功能性交流活动[陶] functionalism 功能主义[廖452]functionalist 功能主义学派[陈14]functional sentence perspective 功能的句子透视[廖374][陈56] function yield 功能值[廖313]functor-content hierarchy 虚-实词等级[廖338]future 将来时[陈173]Ggapping 缺略[吕245]gender 性[吕245]general 普遍性[陈40]general linguistics 普通语言学[廖274 320]general linguistic theory 普通/遍语言理论[廖275]general pragmatis 普通语用法[廖365]Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar 普遍短语结构语法[陈14] generate 概括,定义,规范[廖314 322] 生成[吕245] generation difference 代差[陶]generative grammar 生成语法[廖322]generative phonology 生成音系学[廖318]generative sementics 生成语义学[廖345][陈19 59]generative syntax 生成句法学[廖318]genres 言语体裁[陶]generic 通指[陈119 167]generic level 属层[廖409]generosity maxim 宽宏的准则[廖369]genetic 起源性[陈116]genetic linguistics 谱系语言学[陈109]gerund formation 动名词形成[吕245] gerundivization 动名词化[吕245]given information 已知信息[陈78 187 234] global coherence 总体连贯[陈83]globally 总的[廖359]glossematics 语符学[廖316 322]glosseme 语符[陈9]goal 对象[吕245]Government and Binding 支配与约束理论[陈14] grade-terms 渐变词/成分[廖411][陈162] gradualism 均变说[陶]grammar 语法[廖357 371]grammaticality 合乎语法[廖314] grammaticality judgement 语法判别能力[陶] grammaticalization 语法化[陈23] grammaticalness 合语法性[吕245]Great Vowel Shift 元音大换位[陶]HHausa 豪萨语[陶]head 中心语[陈45]hearsay 听说[廖421]heavier element principle 大块头原则[吕245] hedge 模棱话[陶]hedges 边界词[廖437]heterogeneity 复杂性或异质性[陶] heterogeneous 异质的[陈152]hierarchical structure 层次构造/结构[陈28 39]hierarchy 等级结构[廖328 408]hierarchy of accessibility to relativization关系子句化的可即度等级[廖343]hierarchy of individuation 个体化等级[廖348] hierarchy of saliency 显著性等级[廖348]high key 高音[廖441]high variety 高变体[陶]higher mental function 高级智力功能[陶] higher-order predicate 高次位词[陈196] Hindi 印地语[陶]historical linguistics 历史语言学[廖349] holistic typology 整体类型[廖331] homogeneous 均质的[陈152] 同质的[陶] hortatory 规劝/诱导体[廖124 236] hypercorrection 矫枉过正[陶] hypoconverse 下逆反词[廖407]hyponymy 下义关系[廖406]IICAO 国际民航组织[陶]idea unit 思想单位[陈102]ideal speaker 理想的说话人[廖308] ideational 表义部分[廖358] 意念成分[陈78] ideational function 表义功能[廖364] identical deletion 承前删除[廖14] identifiable 定指[陈119]identifying function 鉴别功能[吕246] idiolect 个人语言[陈26]idiomaticity 惯用性质[陈111]ill-formed 非完美形式[陈48] 不协调[吕246] illocutions 行事作用[陈96]immediate constituents 直接成分[陈36] imperative sentence 命令句[吕246] imperfective 不完全态[陈177] 未完成态[吕246] Implementation 标准的实施[陶]implicate 蕴含[陶]implicational hierarchy 蕴含层级[廖433] implicational universals 蕴含共性[廖327 328][陈108] implicature 会话蕴含,含义,蕴含义[廖195 365 395][陈65] improbability 不可能[廖416]inappropriateness 不合适[廖408]inceptive 始事态[吕246]inclusive 包容性[陈40]incompatibility 排斥关系[廖407]incongruence 不调合[廖408]incongruent非一致性[陶]incoroporating 聚合型[廖331]incrementation 增长[吕246]indefinite-agent-deletion 无定施事消除[吕246] indefinite article 无定冠词[吕246]indefinite-NP-deletion 无定名词短语消除[吕246]in-depth 深探式[陈27]index 指标[陶]index of fusion 融合度[廖331]index of status characteristics, ISC地位特征指数[陶] index of synthesis 合成度[廖331]indexical information 特征信息[陶]indexical meaning 检索意义[陶]indexicality of sign 符号的引得属性[陶]indicative 直陈语气[吕246]indicator 指示项[陶]indirect converse 间接逆反词[廖413]indirect illocutions 间接表达式[廖361]indirect speech 间接句[廖360]indirect speech act 间接讲话行为[廖361]individual 单指[陈119] 个体[陈128]inference 推论[廖395]inferrable 可推导的[廖399]inflected 曲折型[陈107]inflection 构形变化[吕246]inflectional morphology 构形形态[吕246]information structure 信息结构[陈66] information theory 信息论[陶] information unit 信息单位[陈66 78] informativity 信息度[廖373]inherent 固有的[陶]inner city 内城[陶]innateness 天赋论[廖328]insertion rules 插入规则[吕246] instantiate 例示[廖435]instrumental adverb 工具副词[吕246] instrumentalities 交际工具[陶] instantiation 体现[陈77]intellectual revolution 知识革命[陶] intelligibility 可懂度[陶]intensifier 强度副词[吕246]intensional verb 愿望副词[吕246] intention 意图[吕246]intentionality 有目的性[廖373] interaction 相互影响[廖236] 交流,互动[陶] interactional 相互作用的[廖394] 交流大纲[陶] interactive 互动关系[廖412]interest principle 有趣原则[廖369] interjection 叹词[吕246]interlanguage 中介语[陶]interlinguistics 语际语言学[陈96] intermediate 中等[陶]interpersonal 人际成分[陈78] interpersonal rhetoric 人际修辞[廖358 363] inter-personal variation 个人之间的变异[陶] interpretive semanticists 解释语义学派[陈19] interrogatives 询问句[廖420] intertextuality 章际性[廖373]intonation contour 调形[陈78]intonation unit 语调单位[陈102] intransitive 不及物[吕246]intra-personal variation 个人内部的变异[陶]intra-sentential code-switching 句内语码转换[陶] introspection 内省[陈24]introspective judgement 内省的判断[廖314]inversion 倒转[吕246]in-width 博采式[陈27]irony maxim 讽刺准则[廖357]irony principle 讽刺原则[廖369]irreversible 不可逆的[廖209]isogloss 等言线,等语线[陶]isolating 孤立型[廖331]item and arrangement 单元和排列[廖316][陈41]item and process 单元和过程[廖316][陈41]iterative 多次态[陈171]Jjourney 历程[廖438]jussives 命令句[廖420]Kkernel sentence 核心句[吕247]key 传递信息的方式、风格[陶]knowing 获取知识[陶]knowledge schema 知识框架,知识脚本[陶]Llandmark 参照点[廖440]language 语言[陶]language contact 语言的接触[陶]language death 语言死亡[陶]language faculty 语言官能[廖277]language imposition 语言上加,语言强加[陶]language of wider communication, LWC 交际面广泛的语言[陶] language policy 语言政策[陶]language politics 语言政治[陶]language shift 语言转移[廖389] 语言替换[陶] language socialization 语言社会化过程[陶]language spread 语言扩散[陶]language typology 语言类型[廖330 331]language universal 语言共性成份[廖313 326 329] [陈13] langue 语言[陶]leakage of rules 规则的遗漏[吕247]lexeme 词目[廖405]lexical causative 词汇使成式[廖345]lexical diffusion 词汇扩散[陶]lexical form 词形[廖405]lexical functional grammar 词汇-功能语法[陈14 100] lexical interpretivists 词汇解释学派[陈59]lexical mophemes 实词素[廖353]lexical phonology 词汇音系学[陈101]lexical semantics 词汇语义学[陈101]lexical siblings 兄弟词[廖408]lexical substitution 词语替代[廖236 237]lexical unit 词义单元[廖403]lexicalgrammar 词汇语法[陈77]lexicalist hypothesis 词汇假说[陈100]lexicalization 词汇化[吕247]lexicon 词库[吕247]linear order 线性顺序[陈28]lingua franca 交际语[陶]linguistic context 语言环境[陈23 124]linguistic competence 语言能力[廖308]linguistic description 语言描写[廖274]linguistic insecurity 语言不安全感[陶]linguistic performance 语言表现[廖308]linguistic polarity 语言极化[廖414]linguistic proper 纯语言学[陈55]linguistic relativity 语言相对论[廖322]linguistic typology 语言类型[廖332]linguistic universal<s> 语言共性[廖329]linguistics theories 语言理论[廖274]linguistic theory 语言理论[廖274]literary discourse 文学体[廖124]live conversation 正在使用的交谈[廖234]loanwords 借词[陶]local coherence 局部连贯[陈83]locative adverb 处所副词[吕247]locutive verbs 表达动词[廖360]logic polarity 逻辑极化[廖414]logic-pragmatic mapping 逻辑-语用映像[廖361]logical sense 字义[廖361]loop 闭合循环[陈50]low variety 低变体[陶]lowering rules 下降规则[吕247]Mmacro continuity 宏观连续性[陈187]macro-sociolinguistics宏观社会语言学[陶]macrostructure 宏观结构[陈83]macrosyntactic conjunctions 超句子的连词[廖85]macrosyntactic use of conjunctions 连词的超句子用法[廖90] maintenance 维持,保持[陶]major language 主要语言[陶]manner adverb 状态副词[吕248]map 地图式,静止定位式[廖161]mapping 映射[廖365]marked 有标记的,不自然的[廖317]markedness 不自然性[317]marker 标志项[陶]market segmentation 市场分割[陶]Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts〔美国马萨诸塞州马萨葡萄园岛,马岛[陶] matched guise technique 配对变语法[陶]maxim 准则[廖357 363]maximization 最广泛的解释[廖417]means adverb 手段副词[吕248]means-end analysis 手段-目的分析[廖366]mental model 内心模型[廖400]mental representation 心灵表象[廖436]merger rules 融合规则[吕248]meronymy 部件结构,部件关系[廖410]message 信息[吕248] 内容[陶]metalanguage 高一层次的语言[廖359]metaphor 隐喻[廖432 439]metaphorical extension 比喻引申[吕248] metaphorical switching 喻义性转换[陶] metareference 自指[廖359]mrtareferential constituent 自指成分[廖359]method 方法[廖236]metonymy 转喻[廖432 439]micro continuity 微观连续性[陈187]micro-sociolinguistics 微观社会语言学, 小社会语言学[陶] microanalysis 微观分析[陶]minor language 次要语言[陶]missing link 欠缺的环节[廖401]modality 情态[廖430]mode 方式[陈79]modal-lowering 语气下降[吕248]modality 语气[吕248]model-theoretic 模型论[廖359]mode 方式[陶]mode of action 行为方式[廖319]mode of mention 表达方式[廖359]modesty maxim 谦虚的准则[廖369]modern 现代[陶]modifier 修饰语[吕248]modularity 模块性[陈96]modumonogenesis 单一祖语论[廖328]monologue 独白[廖234 236]mood 语气[廖420 430]morphological case 词形格[廖332]morphological causative 形态使成式[廖345] morphophonemic rule 语素音位规则[陈42]motherese 母亲式语型[陶]motivating 制导[陈75]move 语步[陈76]movement rules 移动规则[吕248]multi-dimensional 多向/多维[吕248]multilingualism 多语[陶]multiple-clause rules 多小句规则[吕248]Nnarrative 记叙体[廖124 236]national language 国语[陶]national official language 本国官方语言[陶]native speaker 讲本族语人[陈24]Natural Communicative Concentration 自然交际聚合体[陶] natural phonology 自然语音系统学[廖318]natural taxonomy 自然分类结构[廖409]near universals 近似共性[廖352]Nederlands 荷兰语的奈德兰兹语[陶]negation operator 否定因子[吕248]negative face 消极面子[陶]negative-fronting 否定移前[吕248]negative-lowering 否定下降[吕249]negligibility 可忽略性[廖27]Neogrammarian principle 规则性原理[陶] neogrammarians 新语法学派[陈6]neo-linguistics 新语言学派[廖305]Network Analysis 网络分析[陶]neutralization 消失[廖315]new 新的[廖399]new information 新的信息[陈78 187 234]node 结[吕249]nominal anaphora 名词性回指[陈181]nominal kind 名义上的类[廖409] nominalization 名词化[吕249]nomination theory 命名理论[陈95]nominative 主格[陈108]nominative-accussative system 主-宾格系统[廖333] nonce borrowing 一次借词[陶]non-assertive 非断言的[廖425]non-existence 述无[陈217]non-factive 非事实[廖425]non-factuality 非事实性[廖419]non-finite 非定[廖424]non-focus 非焦点[廖332]nonidentifiable 不定指[陈119]non-implicational universals 非蕴含共性[廖328] non-linguistic context 非语言环境[陈23 125]non-referential 无所指[廖42][陈119 167] nonspecific 虚指[陈119]norm 规范[陈105]norms 交流中的行为规范[陶]norm selection 标准的选择[陶]notation system 符号系统[廖314]novice 初等[陶]NP accessbility hierarchy 名词的优先级[廖197] nucleus 调核[陈235]number agreement 数的一致Nynorsk 新挪威语[陶]Oobject-fronting 宾语移前[吕249]oblique clauses 修饰小句[廖426]oblique object 其它间接宾语[廖346]official language 官方,正式语言[陶]officially absent 出入意外[陶]onomasiology 专名学[陈95]onomatopoetic 拟声词[陈96]open-endedness 敞开性[吕249]open network 开放网络[陶]operand 操作数[廖336]operator 操作符[廖336] 因子[吕249]operation 操作[陈45]operational definition 操作定义[陶]ordered heterogeneity 有序异质性[陶] orthography 正字法[吕249]overlap 同时发话[陶]overlapping antonyms 重迭两极词[廖412]Ppair 话对[廖188 236]pairwise 语对式的[陶]pane 棂[廖451]paradigm<atic> 范式[陈112] 聚合/门法,模式[吕249] paradingmatic system 平行系统[廖307]paradox 自相矛盾[廖408]paragraph 段落[廖236]parameter 参量/参项[陈13 108]paraphrase 换说[吕250]para-relation 伴随关系[廖407]parataxis 意合并列结构[廖427]parole 言语[陶]parsing 语法分析[陈88]participant continuity 主题连续性[陈22]participant role 参与成分[陈183]participants 参与者[廖27][吕250]particle 助词[吕250]partitial relation 局部关系[廖407]past 过去时[陈173]patient 受事[吕250]perceptual strategy 辨认策略[吕250]perfective 完全态[陈177] 完成态[吕250] performance 语言应用/语言行为[陈18 63] 表演[吕250]performance errors 表现错误[陶]performative hypothesis 言行句假设[廖360 426] performative 言行句[廖426 363 360] performative verbs 表述动词[廖360] 实践动词[吕250] peripherals 外围成分[廖27]permutation 交换[吕250]personal interaction 个人间交际[陶]persuasive dicourse 劝说体,诱导体[廖124] pervasiveness 广泛性[陶]phase 时相[陈143]phatic maxim 套话的准则[廖369]philosophical 哲学的[廖235]phonetic change 语音变化[陶]phonological feature 音系特征[陈10]phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法[陈49] phrase-structure rules 语句结构规则[吕250] phrasing 分段[吕250]Pidgin 洋泾语,皮钦语[陶]pleonasm 冗余[廖416]plesionyms 近义词[廖415]plot 情节结构,情结[廖130 189]point time adverb 时点副词[吕250]polar antonyms 极化两极词[廖412]polarity 极化[414]politeness 文雅[廖362]polite principle 礼貌原则[廖368]Pollyanism 波利安现象[廖231]pollyanna principle 乐观原则[廖369 371] polysynthetic 聚合型[廖331]polysystemic 多系统论[廖319]pop back 弹回[陈203]population 全域[陶]positive face 积极面子[陶]possible 可能的[廖404]post-Bloomfieldians 布龙菲尔德之后学派[陈12 36] post-diglossia 后双言制[陶]post-imperial states 后帝制时代国家[陶]posterior 后事时[陈173]posterior future 后事将来时[陈174]posterior past 后事过去时[陈174]posterior present 后事现在时[陈174] postposition 后介词[吕250]postulate 假设[廖365]power 权势,权势量[陶]powerless language 无势力的语言[陶]pragma-linguistics 语用语言学[廖366]pragmatic force 用意[廖361]pragmatic role 语用角色[廖332]pragmatics 语用法,语用学[廖363]pragmatic space 语用空间[廖361 362] precategorize 类化前[陈103]precedence 先后关系[吕250]predicate-lowering 谓语下降[吕251]predication 述谓[陈42] 表述[吕251] predictability 可预测性[廖27]preferred argument structure 偏爱的论元结构[廖196] pre-literate 没有书面传统的[陶]prepatterned 预制性[陈112]prescribed 规定的[陶]present 现在时[陈173]presentative sentence 呈现句[吕251] presupposition 预设[廖395][陈65] presupposition pool 共有的预设[廖396] preteritization 过去时构成[陈42]previous mention 前文提及[吕251]primary tense 初级时制[陈173]primitive 原始[陶]principle 原则[廖363]principle-controlled 原则控制的[廖365]principle governed 原则制约的[廖356]principle of analogy 类推的原则[廖395]principle of local interpretation 局部理解原则[廖395]probability 盖然性[廖19] 可能性,概率[陶] problem-solving 解题[廖366]procedural 过程体[廖124 236] procedural semantics 程序语义学[陈64] process 过程[廖379][陈78 86] processibility principle 可处理原则[廖370] productive 活的<手段>[廖345] 能产性[陈40] proficiency 能力,熟练程度[陶]profile 突出[廖438]prominent syllable 强读音节[陈80] promoted 提倡的[陶]pronominal anaphora 代词性回指[陈181] pronominalization 代名化[吕251] pronouns substitution 代词替代[廖237] proper noun 固有名词/专名[吕251] proportional series 比例系列[廖408] propositional content 命题内容[吕251] prosodic 音律[陶]prosodic intonation节律语音[陶]prosody 超音段成分[廖319]prototype 典型/原型[廖449][陈193] prototypicality 典型性[廖218 435]pseudo-linguistic 假语言[陶]pseudo-opposite 表面对立词[廖413] pseudo-problem 假问题[陈107] psychographics 心理风貌[陶] psycholinguistics 心理语言学[陈96] psychological reality 心理现实性[陈100] public texts 公共文书[陶]purpose adverb 目的副词[吕251]push down 压进[陈204]Qquantification 数量化[吕251]quantifier 数量词[吕251]quantum 语义量[廖405]quasi-negative 准否定词[陈219]quasi-relation 准关系[廖407]quasi-superordinate 准上义词[廖407]Quecha 哥查语[陶]questionnaire 问卷[陶]quotation 引话[廖359]quotative 引用[廖421]Rrace 种族[陶]raising rule 提升规则[吕251]raising-to-object 提升为宾语[吕252]raising-to-subject 提升为主语[吕252]rank 级别[廖319]rank-shifting 调级[吕252]rank-terms 等级词[廖411]reactive expression 起应对作用的惯用表达式[陶] reactive token 反馈形式,反应词语[陶]real 真[廖427]real time 真实时间[陶]Received Pronunciation <RP> 〔英语的标准发音[陶] recessive 隐性[陈115]reciprocal construction 相互结构[吕252] recover 找回[廖 ]recursive 递归[陈196]recycle 话题重提[陶]reduced main clauses 弱化了的主句[廖85] reductionist 简化式[陈112]reference 指称[廖395]reference discourse 事实体[廖124]referent 所指对象[陈22 120 182]referential 有所指[廖40][陈119 168]referential identity 指同[廖451]referential opacity 所指不明确性[廖359]。
语言学 术语翻译及术语解释

术语翻译及术语解释汇总术语翻译1.Design features of language(语言的甄别特征)Arbitrariness(任意性),Duality(二层性/二重性),Creativity(创造性/原创性),Displacement(移位性),Cultural transmission(文化传播),Interchangeability(可互换性)2. Functions of languagereferential 指称功能 poetic 诗学功能 emotive情感功能conative 劝慰功能 phatic寒暄功能 metalingual function 元语言功能ideational function概念功能 interpersonal function人际功能textual function语篇/文本功能 Informative(信息/告知功能),Performative Function(施为功能), Emotive Function(情感功能),Phatic communion(寒暄交谈), Recreational Function(娱乐功能),3. Phonetics(语音学), Phonology(音系/音位学); Morphology(形态学), Syntax(句法学);Semantics(语义学), Pragmatics(语用学)Articulatory phonetics发音语音学 Acoustic phonetics声学语音学Auditory phonetics听觉语音学 Psycholinguistics心理语言学Sociolinguistics社会语言学 Anthropological linguistics人类语言学Computational linguistics计算语言学 Applied linguistics应用语言学Neurolinguistics神经语言学4. Descriptive vs. prescriptive描写式和规定式Synchronic vs. diachronic共时和历时 Langue vs. parole语言和言语Competence vs. performance语言能力和语言行为5. Vocal tract 声道(resonating cavities共鸣腔), pharynx咽腔, oral cavity口腔 and nasal cavity鼻腔.其它的一些发音器官:lungs肺, windpipe(trachea)气管, vocal folds声带,larynx喉, epiglottis会厌,次声门, pharynx咽, uvula小舌, hard palate硬腭, soft palate软腭, alveolar ridge齿龈6.Consonants and vowels(辅音和元音)A. Manners of articulation发音方式B. Places of articulation发音位置7. Stop (or plosive)爆破音 Fricative摩擦音 Approximant近似音Lateral (approximant)边音 Affricates塞擦音, trill颤音 and tap 闪音Bilabial双唇音 Labiodental唇齿音 Dental齿音 Alveolar齿龈音Postal veolar后齿龈音 Retroflex卷舌音 Palatal硬腭音Velar软腭音 Uvular小舌音, pharyngeal咽音 glottal声门音monophthong vowel: 单元音 diphthongs双元音 triphthongs三元音Lax vowels短元音 Tensed vowels长元音8.Coarticulation and phonetic transcription协同发音和标音anticipatory coarticulation先期协同发音 perseverative coarticulation后滞协同发音.broad transcription宽式标音 narrow transcription严式标音9. minimal pairs最小对立体 Phoneme音位phonemic transcriptions音位转写 phonetic transcriptions语音转写phones音子 allophones音位变体 complementary distribution互补分布phonetic similarity发音近似性 Free variation自由变体assimilation同化 regressive assimilation逆同化progressive assimilation顺同化phonological rule 音系规则 Epenthesis增音 binary 二分的Distinctive features区别特征Endocentric and Exocentric Constructions向心结构和离心结构subordinate and coordinate从属和并列Conceptual meaning概念意义Associative meaning:联想意义Connotative meaning内涵意义 Social meaning社会意义Affective meaning情感意义 Reflected meaning反射意义Collocative meaning搭配意义 Thematic meaning主位意义denotation: 外延意义 connotation: 内涵The referential theory:指称理论Semantic triangle语义三角Sense and reference:涵义和指称Synonymy同义关系 Antonymy反义关系 Hyponymy上下义关系Polysemy一词多义关系 Homonymy 同音/形异意关系Dialectal synonyms 地域同义词 Stylistic synonyms风格同义词Collocational synonyms搭配同义词gradable antonymy 等级反义关系 cover term覆盖项Marked vs. unmarked terms标记项和非标记项complementary antonymy 互补反义关系 converse antonymy 逆向反义关系homophones: 同音异义词 homographs : 同形异义词complete homonyms semantic components语义部分术语解释1. Design feature的定义:the defining(最典型的,起决定作用的)properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.2. Synchronic共时:It refers to the description of a language at somepoint of time in history.3. Diachronic历时:It studies the development or history of language.In other words, it refers to the description of a language as it changes through time .4. prescriptive规定式:A kind of linguistic study aims to lay downrules for “correct and standard” behavior in using language.5. descriptive描写式: A kind of linguistic study aims to describe andanalyze the language people actually use.6. Arbitrariness(任意性):By saying that “language is arbitrary”, wemean that there is no logical connection between meaning and sound.7. Duality(二层性/二重性):it means that language is a system,which consists of two levels of structures, at the lower level there is the structure of sounds; at the higher level there is the structure of meaning.8. Displacement(移位性): it means that language can be used tocommunicate about things that are not present in our immediate communicational context.9. competence语言能力:it refers to an ideal speaker’s knowledge ofthe underlying system of rules in a language.10. Performance语言行为: it refers to the actual use of the language bya speaker in a real communicational context.11. Langue语言: it refers to the speaker’s understanding and knowledgeof the language that he speaks.12. Parole言语: it is the actual speaking of language by an individualspeaker.13. Cultural transmission(文化传播):It refers to the fact that thedetails of the linguistic system must be learned anew(重新,再)by each speaker. Language is not transmitted biologically from generation to generation.14. Phatic communion(寒暄交谈):it refers to ritual exchanges,exchanges that have little meaning but help to maintain our relationships with other people.15. Phonetics(语音学): it is the study of the characteristics of speechsounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.16. Vowels元音:the sounds in the production of which no articulatorscome very close together and the air-stream passes through the vocal tract without obstruction.17. Consonants辅音:The sounds in the production of which there is anobstruction of the air-stream at some point of the vocal tract.18. Phonology: it is the study of the sound systems of languages and it isconcerned with the linguistic patterning of sounds in human languages. And it studies the way in which speakers of a language systematically use a selection of these sounds in order to express meaning.19. Phoneme音位: the smallest unit of sound in a language which candistinguish two words.20. Allophone音位变体: it refers to the different forms of a phoneme.21. Assimilation: it is a process by which one sound takes on some or allthe characteristics of a neighboring sound.22. Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous oroverlapping articulations are involved.23. complementary distribution互补分布:when two sounds neveroccur in the same environment, they are in complementary distribution.24. Free variation自由变体: if two sounds occurring in the sameenvironment do not contrast, that is, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word form, but merely a different pronunciation of the same word, then the two sounds are in free variation.25. Distinctive features区别特征: A phonetic feature whichdistinguishes one phonological unit, especially one phoneme, from another.26. minimal pairs最小对立体----- which can be defined as pairs ofwords which differ from each other by only one sound.27. vowel glides滑音: The vowels involving movement from one soundto another are called vowel glides.28. Epenthesis增音:it means a process of inserting a sound afteranother sound.29. Substitution relation: it refers to the relation specifically between anindividual unit and others that can replace it in a given sequence. 30. Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionallyequivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the centre, or head, of the whole.31. Exocentric construction: a group of syntactically related wordswhere none of them is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable center or head inside the group 32. Reference: it is the relationship between words and the objects,actions or properties that the words stand for. It deals with the extra-linguistic relationships between words and expressions and the world they describe.(具体的物质性的东西)33. Synonymy :It refers to the sameness sense relations betweenwords.34. Componential analysis :Componential analysis defines themeaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components语义部分.35. Sense: it refers to the complex system of relationships that holdbetween linguistic elements themselves, it is concerned only with intra-linguistic relations.(概念性的东西)36. Semantics:semantics is the study of the meaning of linguistic units,words and sentences in particular.37. Homonymy: the phenomenon that words having different meaningshave the same form, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.38. Antonymy:It refers to the oppositeness sense relations betweenwords.39. Hyponymy上下义关系:Hyponymy indicates sense inclusiveness.The upper term in this sense relation is called superordinate上义词, and the lower terms,hyponyms下义词, members of the same class are called co-hyponyms.。
胡的语言学术语英汉对照翻译表

胡的语言学术语英汉对照翻译表(很全的)1. 语言的普遍特征:任意性arbitrariness双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构多产性productivity移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性cultural transmission2。
语言的功能:传达信息功能informative人济功能:interpersonal行事功能:Performative表情功能:Emotive寒暄功能:Phatic娱乐功能recreatinal元语言功能metalingual3. 语言学linguistics:包括六个分支语音学Phonetics音位学phonology形态学Morphology句法学syntax语义学semantics语用学pragmatics4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人:Ferdinand de saussure提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一:语言与言语language and parole ,语言之语言系统的整体,言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语5. 语法创始人:Noam Chomsky提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language:a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain languageb. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing.c. we can u se language to refer to something not presentd. we can produce sentences that have never been heard before.2.What is the most important function of language?a. interpersonalb. phaticc. informatived.metallingual3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __a informativeb. phaticc. directived. performative4.The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __a saussureb. hallidayc. chomskyd. the prague school5. Who put forward the distinction between language and parole?a. saussureb. chomskyc. hallidayd anomymous第二节语音学1.发音器官由声带the vocal cords和三个回声腔组成2.辅音consonant:there is an obstruction of the air stream at some point of the vocal tract.3.辅音的发音方式爆破音complete obstruction鼻音nasals破裂音plosives部分阻塞辅音partial obstruction擦音fricatives破擦音affricates等4.辅音清浊特征voicing辅音的送气特征aspiration5.元音vowel分类标准舌翘位置,舌高和嘴唇的形状6双元音diphthongs,有元音过渡vowel glides1. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies __.a. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechb. the perception of soundsc. the combination of soundsd. the production of sounds2. The distinction between vowel s and consonants lies in __a. the place of articulationb.the obstruction f airstreamc. the position of the tongued. the shape of the lips3. What is the common factor of the three sounds: p, k ta. voicelessb. spreadc.voicedd.nasal4. What phonetic feature distinguish the p in please and the p in speak?a. voicingb. aspirationc.roundnessd. nasality5.Which of the following is not a distinctive feature in English?a. voicingb.nasalc. approximationd. aspiration6.The phonological features of the consonant k are __a. voiced stopb. voiceless stopc. voiced fricatived. voiceless fricative7.p is divverent from k in __a. the manner of articulationb. the shape of the lipsc. the vibration of the vocal cordsd.the palce of articualtion8.Vibration of the vocal cords results in __a. aspirationb.nasalityc. obstructiond. voicing第三节音位学phonology1.音位学与语音学的区别:语音学着重于语音的自然属性,主要关注所有语言中人可能发出的所有声音;音位学则强调语音的社会功能,其对象是某一种语言中可以用来组合成词句的那些语音。
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语言学常用术语英汉对照表Chapter 1 Introduction to Linguistics语言学简介1、anthropological linguistics 人类语言学2、applied linguistics应用语言学3、arbitrariness任意性4、petence 语言能力5、putational linguistics计算机语言学6、cultural transmission 文化传递性7、descriptive(grammar) 描写(语法)8、descriptive function描写功能9、design features识别特征10、diachronic linguistics历时语言学11、duality二重性12、displacement不受时空限制得特征13、emotive function表情功能14、expressivefunction表达功能15、general linguisitcs 普通语言学16、ideational function概念功能17、interpersonal function人际功能18、langue语言19、linguistics [liŋ'gwistiks] 语言学20、morphology 形态学21、mathematical linguistics 数理语言学22、metalinguistic function23、neurologicallinguistics 神经语言学24、phonetics语音学25、phonology 音系学26、pragmatics 语用学27、prescriptive(grammar)规定(语法)28、psycholinguistics心理语言学29、parole言语30、performance语言运用31、productivity能产性32、poetic function诗学功能33、phatic munion 交感性谈话34、referential function所指功能35、semantics语义学36、social function社会功能37、socio-linguistics 社会语言学38、synchroniclinguistics共时语言学39、syntax句法学40、textual function语篇功能41、Traditional Grammar传统语法Chapter 2 Phonology 音系学1、acousticphonetics声学语音学2、articulatory phonetics发音语音学3、affricate破擦音4、allophone音位变体5、alveolar齿龈音6、auditory phonetics听觉语音学7、aspiration送气8、assimilationrules同化现象9、back vowel后元音10、bilabial双唇音11、broad transcription宽式音标12、central vowel中元音13、close vowel闭元音14、plementarydistribution互补分布15、deletion rules省略规则16、dental齿音17、diphthong双元音18、fricative摩擦音19、front vowel前元音20、glide滑音21、glottal声门音22、hard palate硬腭23、InternationalPhonetics Alphabet国际音标24、intonation语调25、labiodental唇齿音26、liquid流音27、manner ofarticulation发音方式28、minimal pair 最小对立体29、minimalset最小对立组30、monophthong单元音31、narrow transcription严式音标32、nasal鼻音33、nasalcavity鼻腔34、open vowel开元音35、oral cavity口腔36、palatal硬腭37、pharyngealcavity咽腔38、place of articulation发音部位39、phone因素40、phoneme音素41、phonemic contrast音位对立42、rounded vowel元唇元音43、semi-close vowel半闭元音44、semi-openvowel半开元音45、sequential rules序列规则46、segment切分成分47、segmentation切分48、soft palate软腭49、stop塞音50、stress重音51、suprasegmentalfeatures超切分特征52、teeth ridge齿龈53、tone声调54、unrounded vowel非圆唇元音55、uvula小舌56、velar软腭音57、velum软腭58、voicing浊音化Chapter 3 Morphology 形态学1、affix词缀2、allomorph语素变体3、base词基4、bound morpheme黏着语素5、lexicon词汇6、closed classwords封闭词类7、pound words 合成词8、derivation派生;派生过程9、derivational morphem派生语素10、free morpheme自由语素11、inflectionalmorpheme屈折语素12、infinitive marker不定式标记13、morph形素14、morphological rules形态规则15、open classwords开放词类16、root词根17、stem词干Chapter 4Syntax 句法学1、auxiliary助动词2、category范畴3、plement补足语;补充成分4、plement clause补足分句5、coordinationrule并列规则6、coordinate structure并列结构7、deep structure深层结构8、determiner限定词9、head中心词10、head movement中心词移位11、insertion插入12、inversion倒装13、majorlexical categories主要词汇范畴14、matrix clause主句15、minor lexical categories次要词汇范畴16、phrase structure短语结构17、modifier修饰成分18、qualifier后置修饰成分19、specifier标志语20、subcategorization次范畴化21、surface structure表层结构22、syntactic category句法范畴23、trace语迹24、transformation转换Chapter5Semantics语义学1、antonymy反义现象2、argument谓元;变元3、behaviorism行为主义4、co-hyponym并列下义词5、collocationalsynonym搭配同义词6、plementaryantonym互补反义词7、pletehomonym完全同形异义词8、ponential analysis成分分析9、conceptualist view概念论10、contextualism语境主义11、contradition自相矛盾得说法12、dialectal synonym方言同义词13、emotive meaning情感意义14、entailment蕴含15、evaluative meaning评价意义16、gradable antonym层级反义词17、homograph同形异义词18、homonymy同音同形异义关系19、homophone同音异义词20、hyponym下义词21、hyponymy下义关系22、inconsistency自相矛盾23、polysemy多义关系24、polysymous word多义词25、presupposition预设26、predication analysis述谓分析27、predicate谓词28、namingtheory命名论29、no-place predicaiton空位述谓解耦股30、one-placepredication一位述谓结构31、reference(所指)语义32、referent所指物;所指对象33、relational opposite关系反义词34、semantic triangle语义三角35、sense意义36、stylistic synonym语体同义词37、superordinate上坐标词38、symbol符号39、synonym同义词40、synonymy同义关系41、two-place predicaiton二位述谓结构42、three-place predication三位述谓结构Chapter6 Pragmatics语用学1、missives承诺类2、CooperativePrinciple合作原则3、constatives述事话语4、context语境5、conventional implicature规约含义6、declarations宣告类7、directives指令类8、expressives表情类9、illocutionaryact言外功能10、illocutionary point言外之得11、implicature蕴含;含义;会话含义;言外之意12、indirectspeech act间接言语行为13、locutionary act言内行为14、maximofrelation关系准则15、maximof manner方式准则16、maxim of quality质准则17、maximofquantity量准则18、particularized conversational implicature特殊会话含义19、perfomatives行事话语20、perlocutionaryact言后行为21、presupposition前提22、primaryspeechact 主要言语行为23、representatives表述类24、secondary speechact次要言语行为25、sentence meaning句子意义26、speechacttheory言语行为理论27、utterance meaning话语意义Chapter 7 LanguageChange语言变化1、acronyms词首字母缩略词2、back-formation 逆成法3、blending混成法4、borrowing借词5、clipped words截略词6、coinage创新词7、functionalshift功能性变化8、historical linguistics历史语言学9、MiddleEnglish中世纪英语10、Modern English现代英语11、morphologicalchange形态变化12、negation rule否定规则13、Old English古英语14、phonological change音位变化15、semantic change语义变化16、semanticshift语义转移17、syntactic change句法变化Chapter 8 Languageand society语言与社会1、bilingualism双语制2、Black English黑人英语3、creole克里奥尔语4、diglossia双语;双言制5、ethnic dialect种族变体6、field of discourse语场7、gender性别8、idiolect个人变体9、mode ofdiscourse语式10、multilingualism多语制11、pidgin洋泾浜语12、regionaldialect地域方言13、register语域14、sociolect社会变体15、speechmunity言语社团16、speech variety言语变体17、tenor of discourse语旨Chapter 9Language andculture语言与社会1、acculturation 同化过程2、amalgamation混合3、assimilation同化(现象);同化(作用)4、connotativemeaning内涵意义5、colour words颜色词6、culturaloverlap文化重叠7、culturalimperialism文化帝国主义8、denotative meaning外延意义9、linguistic relativity语言相对性10、metaphor隐喻11、Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis萨丕尔——沃尔夫假说12、socialization社会化13、taboo禁忌语14、intercultural munication跨文化交际15、linguisticimperialism语言学中得帝国主义16、linguisticnationalism语言学中得民族主义Chapter 10 Language acquisition语言习得1、aphasia失语症2、behaviorist 行为主义者3、caretaker talk保姆式语言4、cognitivelinguistics认知语言学5、content word实词6、Critical PeriodHypothesis临界期假说7、dysgraphia书写困难8、dyslexia失读症9、feedback反馈10、function element起功能作用成分11、hearing impairment听力受损12、innatist语法天生主义者13、interactionist互动主义者14、LanguageAcquisition Device语言习得机制15、lexicalcontrast词汇对比16、mental retardation智障17、motherese保姆式语言18、over-extension过度扩展19、prototype theory原型理论20、recast修正性重复21、stuttering口吃22、telegraphic speech电报式言语23、under-extension扩展不足24、Universal Grammar普遍语法Chapter 11Second languageacquisition第二语言习得1、affect/social strategies社会策略2、ageofacquisition习得年龄3、cognitivestrategies认知策略4、prehensibleinput可理解性输入5、Constrastive Analysis对比分析6、cross-association互相联想7、Error Analysis错误分析8、foreign language外语9、foreigner talk外国人谈话10、fossilization语言石化(现象)11、Input Hypothesis输入假说12、instrumental motivation工具动机13、intake 纳入14、integrativemotivation综合动机15、interference干扰16、interlanguage中介语17、interlingual errors语际错误;受母语影响得错误18、Intralingual error语内错误19、intrinsic motivation内在动机20、intuition知觉;语感21、learnerlanguage学习者语言22、learning strategies学习策略23、language aptitude语言能力24、languagetransfer语言迁移25、metacognitive strategies元认知策略26、motivation动机27、modified input修改后得输入28、modified interaction变化性得互动29、negative transfer消极迁移;负迁移30、overgeneralization概括过头31、personality人格;性格;个性32、positive transfer积极迁移;正迁移33、resultativemotivation结果动机34、secondlanguage第二语言35、secondlanguage acquisition第二语言习得36、teacher talk教师谈话37、target language目标语Chapter 12Language and the brain 语言与大脑1、acquired dysgraphia习得性书写障碍2、acquired dyslexia习得性失读症3、angular gyrus隅骨4、autopsy studies尸检研究5、brain stem脑干6、Broca’s aphasia布罗卡失语症7、Broca’s area布罗卡区8、bottom-up processing自下而上处理过程cerebrum大脑9、central sulcus中央沟10、cerebellum小脑脑向背侧突出得一个较大得部分,尤与肌肉得共济运动与维持身体平衡有关11、cerebral hemisphere大脑半球12、cohort model交股模型13、putarized Axial Tomography计算机化轴向层面X射线摄影法14、corpus(语言)素材15、corpuscallosum胼胝体16、cortex大脑皮层17、deep dyslexia深层诵读困难18、Dichotic listening studies双耳分听实验19、event-related potential experiment20、eye movementexperiment眼动实验21、fissure裂缝;裂隙22、fluent aphasia流利性失语症23、frontal lobe额叶(大脑半球得前部,其下部位于颅前窝,后界中央沟24、Functional MRI功能磁共振成像25、garden path sentence花园路径句26、global aphasia整体性失语症27、gyrus回28、hierarchical structure层级结构29、late closure principle后封闭原则;晚封闭原则30、lateral fissure侧脑裂31、lateralization侧化32、lesion损害33、lexicaldecision词汇判断;词汇确定法34、lobes叶,身体器官得由表面得沟裂分出得部分35、longitudinalfissure纵裂36、MagneticResonance Imaging磁共振成像37、neuron神经细胞,神经元38、minimalattachment principle最低限度结合原则39、module模块;组块40、non-fluent aphasia失语症41、occipital lobe枕叶大脑半球得后叶,呈三面得锥形, 与前方得顶叶与下方得颞叶没有明显得界限42、parietal lobe顶叶Positron emission Tomography正电子发射X射线层析照相术;计算机辅助正电子发射断层扫描技术43、phologicaldyslexia拼音性失读症44、priming启动45、priming effect启动效应46、priming experiment启动实验47、right earadvantage右耳优势;右耳听力强48、selectional restriction选择限制49、sentenceambiguity句子歧义50、“Sodium Amystal“Test阿米妥纳实验Spoonerism斯本内现象51、splitbrain studies裂脑研究52、sulcus沟53、surface dyslexia浅层诵读困难54、syntactic parser句法处理器55、temporallobe颞叶56、timed-reading experiment限时阅读实验57、top-down processing自上而下处理过程58、Wernicke’s aphasia韦尼克失语症。