高考英语 重难点语法讲解虚拟语气
虚拟语气
一、语气的定义和种类
l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：
(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are
not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!
(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were
you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！
二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)
①错综时间条件句:
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.
②if省略句
在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→Were I at school again, I would study harder.
如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。
③用介词代替条件状语从句
常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
如果你有100万元，你会做什么？
We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
= But for your help, …
= If it had not been for your help, …
= Had it not been for you help, …
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
④含蓄条件句
有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句)
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构) 习题
1. If my lawyer＿＿＿here last Saturday, he＿＿＿me from going.
A.had been, would have prevented
B.had been, would prevent
C.were, would prevent
D.were, would have prevented
2. If it＿＿＿for the snow, we＿＿＿the mountain yesterday.
A.were not, could have climbed
B.were not, could climb
C.had not been, could have climbed
D.had not been, could climb
3. Without electricity(电) human life＿＿＿quite difficult today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting, if she＿＿＿, she would have met my brother.
A. has come
B. did come
C. came
D. had come
5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it＿＿＿.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
6. He hesitated(犹豫) for a moment before kicking(踢) the ball. Otherwise he＿＿＿a goal.
A. had scored
B. scored
C. would score
D. would have scored
7. ＿＿＿right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A.Would she leave
B.If she leaves
C.Were she to leave
D.If she had left
8. Had he worked harder, he＿＿＿the exam.
A.must have got through
B.would have got through
C.would get through
D.could get through
9. He must have had an accident, or he＿＿＿then.
A.would have been here
B.had to be here
C.should be here
D.would be here
10. ＿＿＿for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A.Not being
B.Had it not been
C.Without being
D.Not having been
11. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we＿＿＿him.
A.would have called
B.must have telephoned
C.would telephone
D.had telephoned
虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中
1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿
望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）
练习题
1.I insist that a doctor ＿＿＿ immediately.
A. has been sent for
B. sends for
C. will be sent for
D. be sent for
2.The manager of the hotel requests(要求) that their guests(客人们) ＿＿＿ after 11:00 p.m..
A. not to play loud music
B. shouldn’t play loud music
C. don’t play loud music
D. couldn’t play loud music
3.Mike’s uncle insists ＿＿＿ in this hotel.
A. staying not
B. not to stay
C. that he would not stay
D. that he not stay
4.It was essential(重要的) that the application forms(申请表) ＿＿＿ back before the headline(截止日期).
A. must be sent
B. would be sent
C. be sent
D. were sent
5.It is necessary ＿＿＿ the dictionary immediately.
A. that he will return
B. that he returned
C. that he return
D. that he has to return
6.It is proposed(建议) that the matter(事情，事件) ＿＿＿ discussed at the next meeting.
A. will be
B. was
C. would be
D. be
7.It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿ a fter 11 o’clock at night.
A. were not played
B. not be played
C. not to play
D. did not play
8.We are all for your proposal that the discussion ＿＿＿.
A. be put off
B. was put off
C. should put off
D. is to put off
9.I don’t think it advisable(明智的，可取的，适当的) that Tom ＿＿＿ to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned
B. will be assigned
C. be assigned
D. has been assigned
10.It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library ＿＿＿ back before the deadline(截止日期).
A. be sent
B. would be sent
C. were sent
D. must be sent
11.He insisted that his father ＿＿＿ with them.
A. go
B. will go
C. will be going
D. went
12.The workers demanded() that their wages() ＿＿＿ by 20 percent.
A. raised
B. raise
C. should have been raised
D. be raised
13.At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge ＿＿＿ over the river.
A. be built
B. must be built
C. was to be built
D. had to be built
虚拟语气(3)——虚拟语气的其他用法
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解大全
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
高考英语语法必考知识点
名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)
虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，表示某事 重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形（should 可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial （关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略． My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略．
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
英语虚拟语气讲解
虚拟语气 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测 试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说 的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型: 1.与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker.如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) 2.与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) 3.与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和 后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now. 这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。 2. 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是 将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情 发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对
高考英语语法知识点总结
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
高中英语语法(虚拟语气)
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
英语语法专项：虚拟语气用法详解及练习(附答案)
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中 的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分 利用他的时间了。 If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。 If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。 (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。 If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be 时，可用was 代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用were。如： Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。 (2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动 作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析 一、选择题 1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it. A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolen C．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen 2．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 3．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A．go B．had gone C．would go D．went 4．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A．shall B．should C．can D．may 5．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 6．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, would C．will be, could D．was, could 7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A．shut B．have shut C．had shut D．would shut 8．That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him. A．betrayed, take B．had betrayed, took C．has betrayed, took D．has betrayed, take 9．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A．were it not for B．if there being no C．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 12．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.
大学英语语法-虚拟语气
虚拟语气 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) Subjunctive Mood作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的动词形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。 Be型虚拟]----- be型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形，如动词为被动态，则助动词be也用原形。其主要用法如下： 1)用于表命令、决定、建议、坚持等词语之后的that分句中 这一用法又分三种情况： a)用在 decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require, suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中.（宾语从句） 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. we propose that somebody neutral take the chair. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday. b)用在 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,nece ssary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中。（主语从句） It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It was appropriate that thisi tax be abolished. I thousht it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness. c)用在 decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that分句中。 The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 在这一用法中be型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。 He ordered that the books be sent at once . = He ordered that the books should be sent at onc. = He ordered that the books to be sent at once. 2）用于由if,though等引导的分句中.