非谓语动词中的动词不定式

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非谓语动词 1.动词不定式 (上课用)改好

非谓语动词 1.动词不定式 (上课用)改好

③.They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。 另外,too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时, 不定式也表肯定意思, ①.She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street. △在“形容词/副词+enough+不定式”结构中表 “足以能…”, ①.He is strong enough to do the work . 4.不定式的复合结构(for sb. to do sth.),可 作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无 意义,sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。 ①.I think it necessary for him to go there at once.(复合结构不定式作宾语)
②.He promised not to tell anyone about it. 他答应不告述任何人这事。 ③.I expect to see you tomorrow. ④.He offered to help us. ⑤.Do you want to visit the Great Wall? ⑥.Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 在含有不定式作宾语的复合宾语中常用it作形 式宾语而把不定式放后面. ①.I find it necessary to learn English well.
②.The teacher made me answer the question. ③.We watched them play football . 但变为被动语态以后(即不定式作主补时) 要带to. help(帮助)后作宾补的动词不定式可带to,也可 不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. ①. I was made to answer the question by the teacher ②.They were heard to sing a pop song . 5) 定语: 不定式作定语往往位于所修饰的名词,代词之后, 如:

非谓语之动词不定式用法详解

非谓语之动词不定式用法详解

动词不定式的用法二、动词不定式充当的句子成分不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特性,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

(一)、作主语:1、不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作;动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。

如:To swim today is a good idea Eating too much is bad for your health.2、不定式作主语时,常可以用it 作形式主语,而将真正的不定式主语后置。

但要熟记以下使用动名词作主语的句型:常用动名词作主语的句型有:It is/was +There is/was +更糟糕的)注意:There is no need for sb to do sth.2. 一般情况下,不定式作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。

如:To see is to believe.3. 当主语为不定式时,表语也用不定式来表示一致性。

如:To see is to believe.(二)、作宾语1、不定式作宾语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。

如:Tom likes playing football, but he likes to play basketball today.但需要牢记以下的动词只使用v-ing 为宾语:avoid, miss, delay / postpone, suggest / advise, finish, practice, enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist, admit, deny, envy, escape / envy, risk, pardon / excuse, keep / keep on, stand, mind;有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语,如:decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, manage, refuse, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, wait, happen, afford, fail, threaten;有些动词短语后面也只能接动名词作宾语,如:lead to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to,be addicted to, adjust/adapt to, devote to,object to,get to/be used to(习惯于),prefer…to…, can't stand(忍不住),give up,insist on,keep(on),put off,be worth,be/keep busy,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),feel/look/seem like,set about,depend on,prevent sb. from,succeed in, thank you for, apologize for;有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语,又可以接动名词作宾语,如:continue,begin,start,prefer,like,love,hate,forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,need, require, want 等。

中的非谓语动词的种类

中的非谓语动词的种类

中的非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语,不直接表示动作或状态的动词形式,具有名词、形容词或副词的性质。

在汉语中,非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。

一、动词不定式(infinitive)动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形前加“to”构成。

动词不定式一般用作动词、形容词、副词的宾语、表语和补足语等。

1. 作动词的宾语例如:She likes to dance.(她喜欢跳舞。

)I want to go shopping.(我想去购物。

)2. 作形容词的宾语补足语例如:I am happy to help you.(我很高兴帮助你。

)She is excited to see the movie.(她兴奋地看电影。

)3. 作副词的状语例如:He works hard to support his family.(他努力工作以养家。

)She studies English every day to improve her language skills.(她每天学习英语以提高语言技巧。

)二、动名词(gerund)动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,具有名词的性质,用动词的现在分词形式(动词原形后加-ing)构成。

1. 作主语例如:Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。

)Eating too much sweets is not good for your teeth.(吃太多糖对牙齿不好。

)2. 作宾语例如:I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。

)She hates doing housework.(她讨厌做家务。

)3. 作介词的宾语例如:He is interested in playing the guitar.(他对弹吉他感兴趣。

)She is afraid of making mistakes.(她害怕犯错误。

)三、分词(participle)分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,具有形容词或副词的性质。

非谓语的十种形式

非谓语的十种形式

以下是非谓语的十种形式:
不定式:to + 动词原形。

例如:to see,to go,to eat等。

动名词:动词-ing形式。

例如:seeing,going,eating等。

分词:动词-ed或-ing形式。

例如:seen,going,eating等。

带to的动词不定式:介词后面接to+动词原形。

例如:to look forward to,to be used to等。

带-ing的动词不定式:介词后面接动词-ing形式。

例如:after finishing,before leaving等。

现在分词:动词-ing形式作状语或者形容词。

例如:a boring movie,a singing bird等。

过去分词:动词-ed形式作定语或者表语。

例如:a broken window,a disappointed look等。

独立主格:动词-ing形式或过去分词形式作状语。

例如:The weather being fine, we went for a picnic.,The homework done,
he went out to play.
不定式短语:不定式作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

例如:To learn English well is important.,I want to eat some fruit.
分词短语:分词作定语、状语、表语等。

例如:A sleeping baby,The story told by him.。

非谓语动词中的动词与助动词位置

非谓语动词中的动词与助动词位置

非谓语动词中的动词与助动词位置在英语语法中,非谓语动词是指不能独立作为句子谓语的动词形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。

在使用非谓语动词时,动词与助动词的位置有一定的规定。

本文将针对这一问题展开探讨。

一、动词不定式动词不定式是以to+动词原形构成的,可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

在使用动词不定式时,动词通常位于助动词之后。

1. 作为主语:To understand is to forgive.(理解即是宽容)To succeed requires hard work.(成功需要努力)2. 作为宾语:She wants to learn how to play the piano.(她想学弹钢琴)I decided to buy a new car.(我决定买一辆新车)3. 作为表语:His dream is to become a doctor.(他的梦想是成为一名医生)The most important thing is to stay positive.(最重要的是要保持积极)4. 作为定语:I have a book to read.(我有一本书要读)This is a good place to relax.(这是一个放松的好地方)5. 作为状语:He left to catch the train.(他离开是为了赶火车)I study hard to improve my grades.(我努力学习以提高成绩)二、动名词动名词是以动词-ing形式构成的名词形式,可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

在使用动名词时,动词通常位于助动词之后。

1. 作为主语:Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是一项好运动)Playing video games all day is not productive.(整天玩电子游戏没有什么成果)2. 作为宾语:She enjoys reading novels.(她喜欢阅读小说)We should consider buying a new car.(我们应该考虑买一辆新车)3. 作为表语:His favorite is playing basketball.(他最喜欢打篮球)The hardest part is saying goodbye.(最困难的部分是告别)4. 作为定语:I saw a running woman in the park.(我在公园里看到一个跑步的女人)The dancing girl caught everyone's attention.(那个跳舞的女孩引起了每个人的注意)5. 作为状语:He left the house, slamming the door.(他离开了屋子,砰地一声关上了门)She walked home, singing happily.(她高兴地唱着走回家)三、现在分词现在分词是以动词-ing形式构成的形容词形式,可以作为定语、状语或补语。

(完整版)非谓语动词(不定式)的用法

(完整版)非谓语动词(不定式)的用法

非谓语动词(动词不定式的具体用法)Step1. 动词不定式的3大语法功能(1)不定式可充当主语,宾语,表语,具有名词的功能.(2)不定式可充当后置定语或宾语补足语,具有形容词的功能.(3)不定式可充当状语,具有副词的功能..Step2.不定式的构成,即:“不定式符号to+动词原形”.Step3. 不定式的否定式,否定词一定放在不定式符号之前,即:“not/never+不定式+动词原形.一,不定式作主语的用法.特点:“to+动词原形”所形成的形式具有名词功能.名词可在句中充当主语,宾语或者表语,同理,不定式也有相同的功能.1. 不定式作主语的特点:(1)可以表示一种意愿或未完成的事.(2)谓语动词用单数.E g: To win the championship is my ambition.主语系动词表语译文:赢得冠军是我的雄心.E g: To master a foreign language is necessary.主语系动词表语译文:掌握一门外语是有必要的.E g: To become President of the United States used to be my goal.主语谓语宾语译文:过去我的梦想是成为美国总统2. 不定式作主语时,be动词之后的表语若是名词,一定是表示意愿,目的,企图等名词,用来表示尚未完成的事情.常见的此类名词有:plan(计划), purpose(目的),attempt(企图),goal(目标), aim(目的), ambition(雄心),dream(梦想), ideal(理想), wish(希望/愿望),hope(希望), decision(决定),determination (决定),proposal(提议/建议).E g: To speak perfect English is always my dream主语系动词表语译文:说一口流利的英语一直是我的梦想.3. 由于不定式短语作主语,显得主语过长,为了避免头重脚轻,达到句子平衡,把不定式短语放在句末,在原来主语的位置上“it”代替,形式上占一个主语的位置,称之为形式主语,不定式称为真正的主语.E g: It is necessary to protect the environment.形式主语系动词表语不定式作真正主语译文:保护环境是有必要的.4. 不定式作主语的两种特殊结构(1)句型:It is +adj(形容词)+of sb +to do sth.(2) 句型:It is +adj(形容词)+for sb +to do sth.特点和区别:(1)若形容词表示人的本质特征,特性,就用“of”引出的不定式的逻辑主语.A:表示人的本质特征和特性的形容词有:“good; nice; clever; wise; foolish; silly; stupid; rude; (im)polite , careless; careful; affable.E g: It is very affable of you to help me.译文:你真好帮助我.E g: It is very careless of you to lose your wallet.译文:你真粗心大意把钱包丢了.(2) 若形容词表示的不是逻辑主语的特性,而是描述对逻辑主语所做的事情,就用介词“for”,B:常见的此类形容词有:“easy; hard; difficult; heavy; necessary; impossible; important.E g: It is impossible for me to get to the destination on time inan hour.译文:一个小时之内按时达到目的地对我来说是不可能的.E g: It is very difficult for me to work out the math problem.译文:解决这个数学问题对我来说太难了.(3) 形容词表示人的特性的句子可转化成一个不定式作状语的句子,而后者则不能.E g: It is very kind of you to help me with my English可转化为一个不定式作状语的句子= You are very kind tohelp me with my English.二,不定式作宾语的用法.(1)作及物动词的宾语,该及物动词均为表示意愿,企图的动词,表示具体的或者特定的动作,或者是将来的动作.常见的动词如下:want(要); wish(希望); hope(希望); desire (欲望/渴望); intend意图;try(设法); determine(决定); decide(决定); attempt(企图); endeavor(努力); plan(计划); like(喜欢); love(喜欢); expect(期望/盼望);pretend(假装); afford(承担得起); manage(设法); prepare(准备); long (盼望); arrange(安排); promise(答应/许诺); learn(学会);dare(敢);agree(同意);start/begin(开始); fail(失败); refuse(拒绝); 等.E g: I want to take a trip abroad next year.主语及物动词不定式作宾语时间状语译文:明年我要出国旅游.E g: I intend to visit you tomorrow主语及物动词不定式作宾语时间状语译文:我打算明天去拜访你.E g: He tried to kill two birds with one stone.译文:他设法一箭双雕.E g: I expect to get a raise.译文:我渴望获得加薪.E g: I can’t afford to buy a new car.主语及物动词动词不定式作宾语译文:我买不起新车.(2)若作宾语的不定式太长,如果其后还有形容词或名词担当宾语补足语,常用“it”作形式宾语,把不定式短语作真正的宾语后置.基本句式:“主语+及物动词+it(形式宾语)+名词/形容词(宾语补足语)+to+动词原形(真正宾语)”.常见的此类动词有“find(发现); think(认为); believe(相信); consider(认为); deem(认为); feel(觉得); make(使)E g: I think it useful to learn English well.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译文:我认为学好英语是很有用的.E g: I deem it necessary to apologize to others.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译文:我认为向别人道歉是有必要的.E g: I deem it an honor for me to give this speech.译文:能在这里进行演讲我认为这是我的荣幸.E g: We found it impossible to finish the project in a month.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译文:我发现一个月之内完成这个项目是不可能的.E g: I make it a rule to get up early.说明:Make it a rule to+v 表示“把--------当作常例/习惯于-------------”.译文:我习惯早起.E g: The teacher made it a rule to speak only English in class.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语地点状语.译文:老师规定在课堂上这能讲英语.E g: I felt it stupid for him to talk like that.译文:我觉得他这样讲话挺愚蠢的.(3)疑问代词:“what ; which; whom +动词不定式(to+do)”共同作及物动词的宾语的用法特点:不定式后面的动词一定为及物动词,疑问单词“what ; which; whom”及物动词或者介词的宾语.E g: I can’t decide which one to buy.主语及物动词共同作宾语译文:我决定不了买哪一个.know what to do next.E g: I don’t译文:我不知道下一步该怎么办.E g: I can’t decide whom to turn to for help.译文:我决定不了向谁求救.E g: I hardly know what to say to you.译文:我简直不知道该对你说什么.(4)疑问代词:“what ; which; whom +动词不定式(to+do)”共同作及物动词直接宾语的用法E g: Would you please tell me which course to take?主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语译文:你能告诉我应该选哪门课程吗?(5)疑问副词:“when; where; how;whether+动词不定式(to+do)”共同作及物动词宾语的用法特点:(1)不定式后面的动词可以为不及物动词.(2)不定式后面的动词也可为及物动词,且后面有宾语.E g: He patiently showed me how to operate the computer.主语状语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语译文:他耐心地教我怎么使用电脑.tell me when to start.E g: He didn’t译文:他并没有告诉我什么时候出发.know whether to go or stay.E g: I don’t译文:我不知道是走还是留.E g: I just wonder where to spend the weekend.译文:我只是想知道该去哪里度过周末.E g: Life is long if you know how to live it.译文:若知如何使用,生命就会长久.三,不定式作表语的用法.特点:(1)主语均为表示:“意愿”或者“企图”的名词.(2)不定式作表语可换作主语.E g: His only wish at present is to sleep.主语时间状语系动词动词不定式作表语译文:他此刻唯一的愿望就是去睡觉.可转化为:To sleep is his only wish at present.E g: His goal is simply to become an excellent English teacher.主语系动词状语动词不定式作表语译文:他的目标就是当一名优秀的英语教师.E g: His resolution is to become a great scientist.主语系动词动词不定式作表语译文:他的志愿时当一名伟大的科学家.E g: My dream is to become a successful businessman.译文:我的愿望是成为一名成功的商人.E g: The problem is to find a solution.译文:问题是得找出一个解决办法.E g: Shaking one’s fist is to show one’s determination.译文:挥拳头是显示一个人的决心.E g: The purpose of yelling English is to build up your confidence.译文:大喊英语的目的是建立你的自信心.不定式作表语的2种特殊情况(1)动词不定式作主语,也可作be动词之后的表语,主语和表语的动词形式一定要对称.E g: To see is to believe不定式作主语系动词不定式作表语译文:眼见为实E g: To love her this way is to worship her.不定式作主语方式状语系动词不定式作表语译文:这样爱他就等于崇拜她.(2)在下列句型中,be动词之后的to可省略,接动词原形作表语.E g: All you have to do is (to) take a good rest.主语系动词表语译文:你所要做的就是要好好的休息.E g: All I can do is (to) wait主语系动词表语译文:我所能做的就是等待.E g:What you should do is simply (to) apologize to him主语系动词状语表语译文:你应该做的事就是向他道歉.四,不定式作后置定语的用法.相当于形容词的功能.特点:(1)动词不定式作定语时一定要放在所修饰词的后面,作后置定语.(2)动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系.(3)不定式后面的动词为及物动词,若为不及物动词,一定要加上相应的介词.E g: I have a pile of homework to do tonight.主语及物动词宾语不定式作后置定语时间状语.译文:今晚我有一大堆的作业要做.不定式作后置定语的特殊用法(1)不定式作后置定语可以等于关系代词作主语所引导的定语从句.E g: I have no friend to advise me.主语谓语宾语不定式作后置定语等价于:I have no friend who can advise me.译文:我没有朋友可以给我忠告.(2)不定式作后置定语可以等于关系代词作宾语所引导的定语从句.E g: I have no one to talk to主语谓语宾语不定式作后置定语等价于:I have no one whom I can talk to.译文:我没有人可以交谈.E g: There are many sights to see here.等价于:There are many sights which we can see here.译文:这里有很多的风景可看.(3)主动的不定式和被动不定式的区别. A: 如果句子的主语是要做那件事的人,就用主动形式.B: 如果句子的主语是要做的动作(或者是接受动作的人或事),就用被动式.E g: I have two coats to wash.E g: Two coats are to be washed.(4) 在:“there be ”结构中的不定式可用主动式,也可用被动式,且意思一样.E g: There is an important thing to do tonight= There is an important thing to be done tonight.(5)不定式修饰序数词一定要放在其后.A:Li was the first to arrive.B: Really? That’s not like him. He’s always the last one to arrive.A: 李是第一个到的.B: 真的吗?那可不像他的作风,他总是最后一个到.五,不定式作状语的用法.特点:不定式作状语多放在被修饰的动词,副词,和形容词之后.注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致.在句中充当状语,表示目的;结果或原因.(1)不定式修饰动词的用法,一定置于该动词之后.E g: We should do whatever we can to save them.主语及物动词宾语从句不定式作目的状语的用法译文:我们应该做些什么才能挽救他们呢.(2) 不定式修饰动词作目的状语的用法.特点:不定式作目的状语,通常置于动词之后,也可置于句首,用逗号与主语隔开.E g: You should work very hard to win the award.主语谓语状语不定式作目的状语等价于:To win the award, you should work very hard译文:为了要赢得这个奖项,你应该努力奋斗.E g: I’ll do everything I can to help you.(目的)译文:我会竭尽全力帮你的.E g: You’re really very kind to say so.(原因)译文:你这么说真是太好了.还有类似不定式短语有:(1)in order to+动词原形..即可放在句首,也可句末.(2)so as to+动词原形.只能放在句末.(3)only to;(4) too-------to 太-------而不能(3)with an eye to +动名词. 只能放在句中. (4)with a view to +动名词. 只能放在句中.E g: He got up early in order to catch the school bus.主语谓语不定式作目的状语译文:他早起的目的就是能搭上校车.(3)不定式修饰形容词,一般置于该形容词之后.特点:一般表示一种结果.E g: He is able to do amazing things.主语系动词表语不定式作结果的用法译文:他能成就伟业.E g: He is apt to lie to me .主语系动词表语不定式作结果的用法.译文:他爱向我撒谎.E g: She was prepared to face the music.译文:她准备好面对后果.疯狂操练:I’m determined to conquer English. 我决心攻克英文I’m determined to master pronunciation. 我决心攻克发音.I’m determined to speak good English. 我决心说好英语.I’m determined to become a grammar king. 我决心成为语法大王I’m determined to command a lot of words. 我决心掌握大量词汇.I’m determined to write beautiful articles. 我决心写出漂亮文章.I’m determined to communicate with the world. 我决心与全世界沟通.(4)不定式修饰副词,一定置于该副词之后. 特点:一般表示一种结果.E g: He is old enough to go swimming alone.主语系动词表语状语(副词)不定式作结果的用法. 译文:他长大了,足以单独一个人去游泳.五,不定式作宾语补足语的用法.(1)具有使役动词意味的及物动词,加上宾语之后,要用不定式短语作宾语补足语.此类动词有:1) cause/get 促使-----------;2) lead引导--------说明:‘加上宾语之后,可接to引导的不定式短语,但此时to视为介词,接动名词作其宾语”;3) allow/permit允许------4)advise 劝告---------5)persuade说服----------6)enable使能够----------7)tell告诉-------8)beg/ask请求--------9)order命令---------10)want/wish/expect/intend期望---------11)force 迫使----------------.12)encourage鼓励-------.E g: The sad story caused him to cry.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾语补足语译文:这个悲惨的故事使他哭了.E g: His timely help enabled me to finish the project in advance.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补时间状语译文:他及时的帮助使我能提前完成这个项目.allow me to smoke in the office.E g: They don’t主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补地点状语译文:他们不允许我在办公室里吸烟.E g: I ask my students to yell English every morning.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补时间状语译文:我要求我的学生每天早上都大喊英语.E g: My parents want me to become a great lawyer in thefuture.译文:我的父母希望我将来成为一位很棒的律师.E g: The boss forces his staff to work like a dog for him.译文:老板强迫员工为他拼命干活.E g: My teacher encouraged me to try again.译文:我的老师鼓励我再试一次.(2)使役动词或者是感官动词,动词不定式作宾语补足语“to”要省略.巧记不定式作宾补省略“to”的两大规则A:“注意让‘买客’听听看看这块表有啥感觉不带“土”B: 五看(see; watch; notice; observe; look at); 三让(let; make; have);两听(hear; listen to); 一感觉(feel); 一发现(find); 半个帮(help).1)感官动词,宾语补足语接原型动词,表示已发生的事实..若出现在被动语态中,“to”要还原.E g: I noticed a thief slip into my room just now.主语及物动词宾语省略不定式原型动词作宾补时间状语译文:我刚才注意一个贼溜进我的房间了.E g: I never heard him speak English.译文:我从未听过他说英语.E g: The man was seen to leave the accident.(被动语态中不定式要还原)译文:有人看见他离开事故现场.2)使役动词(make/ let/ have)的具体用法.{1}“make”的常见用法. 若出现被动语态时“to”要还原.※make +宾语+宾补(形容词)E g: The news made me happy.主语及物动词宾语形容词从当宾语补足语.译文:这则消息使我很开心.※make+宾语+宾补(省略“to”的动词原形).疯狂操练 E g: My mother made me walk the dog. My father made me sweep the floor. My grandmother made me wash the dishes. My grandfather made me buy him cigarettes. Everyonein me family made me do something yesterday. I really enjoy helping other people.译文:我妈妈让我去遛狗.我爸爸让我擦地板.我奶奶让我洗碗.我爷爷让我给他买烟.昨天家里的所有人都让我干活了.我真的很乐意帮助他人.E g: These workers are made to work at least 18 hours each day.译文:这些工人被迫每天至少工作18小时.{2}“let”的用法. 很少出现被动语态中.※Let’s +动词原形. 让我们一起-------------------------E g: Let’s have dinner together tonight. 译文:让我们今晚一起吃晚饭.※Let us +动词原形. 让我们一起------------E g: Let us help Tom clean the room. 译文:让我们大家一起帮助汤姆打扫房间.※Let sb++动词原形. 让某人做某事.E g: Let me help you. 译文:让我来帮助你. {3}“have”的用法. 很少出现被动语态中.※have +宾语(人/)+宾补(过去分词充当)表示:请某人做某事※have +宾语(物/)+宾补(过去分词充当)表示:可以用来主语的遭遇或经历,并不是故意让某事发生的.特点:1) 作宾语补足语的动词与宾语之间是被动关系.2)该动作常不属于主语的动作.E g: I had my hair cut yesterday主语使役动词宾语过去分词作宾补时间状语译文:我昨天理的发.E g: Please have the boy taken to the station.译文:请找人把这男孩带到E g: The old man had his leg broken when he fell off the bike.译文:那老人从自行车上摔下来时把腿摔断了.※have+宾语(人/)+宾补(动词原形)表示“让某人做某事”E g: The director had his assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting.译文:主管让他的助理为这次会议准备一些热狗.※have+宾语(人/物)+宾补(动名词)表示:“让某人或某事不停地,或者一次又一次地进行某一动作.E g: He had us laughing all through. 译文:整顿饭期间他让我们笑个不停.六,不定式充当独立主格的用法.特点:不定式可以在句中充当独立成分,用来说明说话人的态度,对全句进行解释常见的有:“to be frank; to be honest; to tell the truth; to be blunt”等E g: To tell the truth, I have no money with me today.译文:我今天一分钱也没有带.E g: To be frank, you need to lose weight.译文:坦白说,你真的需要减肥.E g: To be blunt, that’s a stupid idea.译文:老实说,这想法真愚蠢.七,原型不定式的特殊结构.下列为与原型不定式连用的特殊结构.这些结构经常出现在各类英语考试中,务必要牢记.1): do nothing but +动词原形. 除了-----,无所事事.E g: He did nothing but eat all day.译文:他整天什么也不做,只是吃.分析步骤如下:第一步:句中的but 可视为并列连词,连接对等且形态相同的词类did,即He did nothing but did----------.第二步:我们知道do/does/did用于肯定句中,可视为强调性的助动词,之后要接动词原形.试比较:未强调前: He works hard. 他用功. 强调后:He does work hard. 他的确很用功.第三步:因此,在He did nothing but did----------中,did之后要接动词原形.即He did nothing but did eat all day.第四步:并列连词but之后相同的词类可以省略.本句中第一个did为不及物动词的一半过去时,而第二个did则为强调性的助动词,虽然性质不一,但外形相同,故第二个did可省略,即:“He did nothing but eat all day”.2): Choose/expect/want/desire nothing but to+动词原形.E g: He wanted nothing but to sleep. 译文:他什么都不要,只想睡觉.3): I have no choice but to+动词原形. 除了-------我别无选择.E g: I have no choice but to wait for the result.译文:除了等待结果我别无选择.4): be interested in nothing but+动名词/名词. 除了-----对什么也不感兴趣.E g: He is interested in nothing but singing.译文:他除了唱歌外,对什么都不感兴趣.5)enjoy nothing but+动名词/名词. 除了-----------对什么都不喜欢.E g: I enjoy nothing but dancing.译文:我除了跳舞外什么都不喜欢.6)cannot but+动词原形=cannot help/stop/ resist+动名词=cannot help but+动词原形.意思为:“不得不/忍不住-----------------”.E g: When I heard the story, I couldn’tb ut laugh/I couldn’thelp but laugh. 译文:我听到这个故help laughing/I couldn’t事,忍不住笑了出来.八,在下列含有to的动词短语中to 是介词的有,注意:“介词后面要接名词、宾格代词、动名词”如下:“1)be used to----------习惯于-------; 2)devote--------to献身于-------;3)get down to-------开始、着手-------;4)lookforward to-----期望、期盼;5)object to-----反对;6)be opposed to-----反对; 7)pay attention to-------注意、关注; 8)stick to---------;9)apply------to集中精力、专注坚持10)accustom-------to使------习惯于;11)help oneself to ------请随便------”等.E g: You should pay more attention to your health.译文:你应该多加注意身体.疯狂操练:You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你要多留意你的发音.You should pay more attention to your kids. 你要多留心你的孩子.You should pay more attention to your teeth. 你要多注意保护牙齿.You should pay more attention to your family.你要多关心家人. You should pay more attention to your schoolwork.你要多花心思在学业上.You should pay more attention to our environment.我们应该多关注保护环境.E g: She applied herself to learning English.译文:她刻苦学习英语.E g: You must accustom yourself to getting up early译文:你必须习惯早起.E g: I’ve been looking forward to hearing from you.译文:我一直期望收到你的来信.疯狂操练:Help yourself to something to drink. 你自己随便喝点什么,别客气.Help yourself to something to eat.你自己随便吃点什么,别客气.Make yourself at home. 别拘束.Sit down and relax for a while.坐下来放松一下.My home is your home.我的家就是你的家.。

非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词之动词不定式一、动词不定式表目的,如:I went to the post office to mail a letter.注意:强调动词不定式表示目的时,动词不定式可用in order to或so as to + 动词原形。

so as to不用于句首。

1:(2011四川,11)Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly. (keep)Simon做了一个大竹箱为了养这只生病的小鸟直到它会飞为止。

2:(2011重庆,29)More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced food safety. (raise)在政府官员看来,我们应该制作更多的电视节目来引起人们对食品安全的关注。

3:(要想成为赢家be),you need to give all you have and try your best.4:—why are the students working so hard these days?—(准备即将到来的入学考试prepare)5:With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank (为父亲买些礼物buy)6:I was going along the street (找个地方look) to park when the audient occurred二、某些形容词作表语表示喜、怒、哀、乐时,其后常跟不定式。

如:1、I am so sorry to hear that your mother is ill.2、He was angry (把他一个人留下来leave)3、I’m very glad (在这儿又见到了你meet)4、I’m so sorry (让你等这么长时间keep)5、you were silly (没锁上你的车lock)after you got out of it.6、(2010辽宁,25)We the temple still in its original condition. (astonish)发现寺院仍处于原始的状态,我们感到非常震惊。

非谓语动词-不定式

非谓语动词-不定式

被动句里,主语补足语要还原to
She is often seen to walk to school by herself. 人们经常看到她独自步行上学。
The workers are made to work extra hours everyday. 工人们被迫每天加班。 但是:
Let the girl try it again.
很抱歉让你久等了。
They seemed to be discussing something important.
他们似乎在讨论一些重要的事情。
作补语
形容词,介词短语,现在分词,过去分词都可以做宾语补足语。 在被动句里,原来的宾语成了主语,补足语就成了主语补足语。 My parents allowed us to play in the stream. 我父母允许我们在小溪里玩耍。 We were not allowed to play in the stream. 我们不能在小溪里玩耍。 We would like you to come to our party. 我们希望你来参加我们的聚会。 I didn't expect there to be so many people in the market. 我没想到市场里会有这么多人。
作定语
不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如: The next thing to do is to find a hotel.接下来要做的就是找到一家旅馆。 1. 动宾关系: I have a meeting to attend. 2. 主谓关系: (be the first/second/last…to do)He is the first one to come. 3. 同位关系(说明所修饰名词的内容)we all have a chance to go to college. 注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,要有相应的介词 He found a good house to live in. Please give me a pen to write with. 但如果不定式修饰的是time, place, way等就可以省略介词 He has no place to live. Something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语 Do you have anything to read? 不定式短语作定语是一个难点,请注意不定式和被修饰词之间的关系: (1)表示将来的动作。 (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词。 (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态;如 只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态。
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非谓语动词中的动词不定式
一、不定式的时态性
不定式从时态角度讲,具体形式分为一般式、进行式和完成式,是以不定式动作与谓语动词发生的时间的`比较决定的。

具体情况如下:
1、一般式
不定式的一般式所表示的不定式动词与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。

【例句】Tom plans to take part in the postgraduate entrance exams.汤姆计划要考研。

2、进行式
不定式的进行式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。

【例句】Tom pretended to be fully sleeping.汤姆装作睡得很沉。

3、完成式
不定式的完成式表示发生于谓语动词动作之前。

【例句】Tom is pleased to have met his friend who has not kept in to uch for many years.汤姆很高兴能遇上他多年未联系的朋友。

二、不定式的句子成分属性
不定式如其他非谓语动词一样可以充当多种句子成分,包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语以及状语。

1、作主语
【例句】To accomplish the budget in a month is impossible.在一个月内完成预算是不可能的。

2、作表语
【例句】My wife’s task is to take charge of loveliness.我老婆的任务是负责”可爱”。

3、作宾语
1)如果谓语动词为find,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,r efuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer时,不定式(宾语)后面存在宾语补足
语成分,要用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置于句尾,放在宾语补足语后面。

【例句】Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.马
克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。

2)动词不定式充当介词宾语
【例句】Youth like me have no choice but to make arduous efforts.像
我这样的年轻人除了努力奋斗,别无选择。

3)动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用
【例句】Tom gave me some advice on how to drive cars safely.汤姆给了我一些如何安全驾车的建议。

4、作宾语补足语
在谓语动词为want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade, allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite等词时,动词不定式作宾
语补足语;此外,介词后接完宾语之后有时需要接宾语补足语。

【例句】My mother forced me to drink milk before sleeping.我妈强迫我睡觉前喝牛奶。

5、作定语
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后(后置定语)。

不定式动词一般为及物动词,所修饰的名词充当不定式动词的宾语,道理与定语从句类似。

【例句】I have a lot of tasks to finish.我有很多任务要完成。

6、作状语
1)表目的
【例句】Some poor students do part-time jobs to get more money to co ntinue their further education.一些贫困学生打工赚钱交学费继续深造。

2)表结果(表示与期望相反的结果):常放在only之后
【例句】He arrived late only to find the train had gone.他来晚了,只见火车已经走了。

3)表原因:常放在形容词之后
【例句】I am sorry to hear that,but face the music.听到这些我很难过,但还是面对现实吧。

4)表程度
【例句】The box is too heavy for Tom to carry.这个盒子对于汤姆来说太重了以至于搬不动。

5)合并简单句为非谓语动词作状语:
①二合一(两个句子如果主语相同,可以选择其中一个句子作主句,然后省略另一句的主语并把谓语改为非谓语动词形式悬挂于主句之前或之后。


【例句】
Journalists hear that Stefanie Sun will come to Beijing.记者们听说孙燕姿要去北京。

They set out to obtain the news.他们出发去搜集新闻。

合并:Hearing that Stefanie Sun will come to Beijing,journalists set out toobtainthe news.
②多合一(多个句子合并,选择其中有相同主语的句子合并。

全句保留一个主语和一个谓语,其他的动词都变成非谓语动词的形式悬挂于主句之前或之后。


【例句】
I smoke a cigarette.
I drink water.
I break off my mouth.
I tilted my legs.
我撅着嘴,翘着二郎腿,一边抽烟一边喝水。

合并:Having broken off my mouth and titled my legs,I smoke a cigare tte,drinking a glass of water.。

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