2013-2014年cupt题目翻译

1.invent yourself创造你自己。。。

我们知道一些电路展现出混沌性质（chaotic behaviour）。建造这样性质的一个简单电路并研究它的性质。

2.hologram全息摄影

有人认为，刮擦一片塑料可以手工制作一个全息图（a hologram can be hand made by scratching a piece of plastic）。制作这样一个带有“IYPT”字母的“全息摄影”，并研究它是如何作用的。

3.twisted rope扭曲的绳子

拿起一根绳子并扭曲其中一端，有些时候绳子会形成一个螺旋或者一个环。研究并解释这样的现象。

4.ball sound球的声音

当两个坚硬的钢球或是类似的东西，轻缓地互相接触(gently contact with)，可能会产生一个不寻常的“chirping（鸟叫声）”。研究并解释这个声音的nature(本质？)。

5.loaded hoop负重的环

在环的内部加一个小的重量(fasten a small weight)（呼啦圈的构造），给它一个初始的推动（push）使它运动起来。研究这个环的运动。

6.bubble crystal气泡晶体

大量非常小的相似的气泡浮在肥皂水（a soapy liquid）的表面。泡泡自己会排列成一个类似晶体格子（a crystalline lattice）的整齐图案。提出一个方法来获得大小一致的泡泡（consistent size),并研究这样一个气泡晶体的构造（formation）

7.pot-in-pot refrigerator盆中盆冰箱

“盆中盆冰箱”是一个利用蒸发吸热原理（evaporative cooling）保持食物凉爽的装置。一个盆放在一个更大的盆里，它们之间的空隙填满潮湿多孔渗水的物质（a wet porous material），比如沙子。这样的装置怎样能获得最好的制冷效果？

8.freezing droplets冰冻液滴

把一滴水放置在盘子上，冷却到约-20℃。它结冰后，液滴的形状会变成带有一个尖顶的圆锥形（cone-like with a sharp top）。研究这个作用效果。

9.water bombs水弹

一些学生的水气球战斗失效了，他们扔出的气球没有爆炸而是反弹回来。研究这个运动，形变，和充满流体（fluid）的气球的反弹。在什么情况下气球会破？

10.coefficient of diffusion扩散系数

用显微镜观察一个微米极颗粒的布朗运动的规律（the Brownian motion of a particle of the order of micrometre in size）。研究扩散系数是怎样决定于微粒的大小和形状。

11.candle power plant蜡烛动力设备

设计一个装置，把蜡烛火焰的热量转化为电能。研究装置的不同方面如何影响它的效率。

12.cold balloon冷气球

当空气从一个膨胀的橡胶气球中逃逸，它的表面摸起来变冷了。研究影响降温的参量。作为一个函数的相关参数，气球的不同部分温度是什么？（What is the temperature of various parts of the balloon as a function of relevant parameters?）

13.rotating saddle旋转的鞍

一个球被放在旋转的鞍上。研究它的动力学，并解释球不会从鞍上落下来的情况。

14.rubber motor橡胶电动机

一个扭曲的橡胶带储存着能量，例如可以用来驱动一个模型飞机。研究这样一个能量来源的特性，以及能量输出是如何随着时间变化的。

15.oil stars油星星

如果一层厚厚的黏性流体（例如硅油）（a thick layer of a viscous fluid (e.g. silicone oil)）在圆形储存器里垂直振动（is vibrated vertically），可以观察到对称的驻波。在这样的波图案中有多少条对称的线（lines of symmetry）？研究并解释这些图案的形状和运行状况（behavior）。

16.Magnetic brakes磁性刹车

当一个强磁体从一个非铁磁性金属管（a non-ferromagnetic metal tube）中落下，它会受到一个阻滞力（retarding force）。研究这个现象。

17.Chocolate hysteresis巧克力磁滞

巧克力似乎在室温中是固体，但加热到体温左右会熔化。当重新降温时，即使到了室温也常常保持熔化状态。研究这个温度，包括什么温度下熔化的和固体巧克力都可以存在（the temperature range over which chocolate can exist in both melted and ‘solid’states），以及它所取决于的相关参数

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