2016考研英语写作动词词组汇总(五)
考研英语语法
考研英语长难句分析第1章从五大基本句型到非简单句障碍来源：语义（通过词汇量来解决）、语序（语法）英语句子分类：简单句、非简单句第一节简单句障碍的解决一、简单句的定义：第一、只含有一套主谓结构且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成第二、简单句的短语中可以出现从属的主谓结构二、简单句从英文转化为中文，语序没有障碍的情况五大基本句型：主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语（系动词）+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补主语+谓语（系动词）+表语三、简单句的障碍来源定语、同位语、插入语、状语四、对于简单句障碍的处理1.对于定语的处理（1）定语的定义：句中修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分（2）定语的分类：前置定语、后置定语1）前置定语可充当前置定语的词：形容词形容词性物主代词单个的动词-ing形式单个的动词-ed形式名词在一个名词前可以出现多个前置定语2）后置定语能充当后置定语的词和结构：形容词短语形容词+介词+名词现在分词短语现在分词+名词现在分词+介词+名词过去分词短语过去分词+名词过去分词+介词+名词过去分词+to do+名词动词不定式短语to do+名词介词短语介词+名词表语形容词作定语后置（例：a cat alive.一直活着的猫）修饰不定代词的定语后置后置定语都可以被改写为一个定语从句，后置定语是定语从句的简写。
（3）小结对待定语采取前置或拆分的处理方法一个名词后可以跟很多后置定语推导：名词1+定语1（介词+名词2）+定语2+定语3注意：绝大多数时候定语2和定语3都在修饰名词1，而不是定语2修饰名词22.对于同位语的处理（1）同位语的定义在一个名词或者句子后出现的起解释和说明作用的另一个名词结构为前一名词或句子的同位语。
作用：使整个句子的表达更加正式和多样化。
（2）考研中同位语的存在模式A，B，A—B—A or BA of B（A为上义词，B为下义词）句子+“—”或“，”后出现一名词（名词前后能出现修饰成分）名词可以修饰一个句子，一个句子也可以修饰名词（3）小结1）很多同位语都可以改写为一个主系表结构的句子。
考研英语作文写作最易扣分的语言错误(精选5篇)
考研英语作文写作最易扣分的语言错误（精选5篇）篇1：考研英语作文写作最易扣分的语言错误考研英语作文写作最易扣分的语言错误语言的准确性和多样性是写作中一个十分关键的考查点。
这就要求我们首先要保证语言的准确性，在准确的基础上就多样。
那么考生的写作中常犯的语言错误有哪些呢?下面将从词、句、段三个层面给大家分析考生常犯的错误，希望各位同学能够引以为戒。
考研英语中，写作部分是对考生能力的综合性的考查。
主要考查的是学生的语言基本功，逻辑思维能力以及文化素养等。
根据大纲中对大小作文评分侧重点的规定，大作文的评分重点在于“内容完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性”，应用文的评分侧重点在于“信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当，”我们可以看出，语言的准确性和多样性是写作中一个十分关键的考查点。
这就要求我们首先要保证语言的准确性，在准确的基础上就多样。
那么考生的写作中常犯的语言错误有哪些呢?下面将从词、句、段三个层面给大家分析考生常犯的错误，希望各位同学能够引以为戒。
首先，从词的层面来说，常见的问题包括：(1)词性使用错误。
比如“Some children study very diligent”,这句话中，diligent是形容词，不能修饰动词study，必须改为diligently 或者hard。
(2) 随意编造词汇。
在的作文中图画展示了两个残疾人互相搀扶，扔掉拐杖的画面。
有学生写到“Both of the two men need lamesticks”,显然，学生因为不记得“拐杖”的英语表达，自己生造了lamesticks 这个词。
实际上，可用来表达“拐杖”的意义的词很多，比如 stick， walking stick, staff, crutch, cane. 等。
实在不会，也可以用helping tools, exterior supports , walking aids, sticks that help them to walk等间接的表达方式，无论如何也不能编造单词，更不能用汉语拼音Guai Zhang。
2016考研英语一与英语二的详细区别
2016考研英语一与英语二的详细区别从开始准备考研开始，不少同学都纠结于英语一和英语二的区别。
随着2015年9月18日考研英语新大纲的发布，二者的详细区别又被重新提上议程。
事实上，除了英语一适用于学硕，英语二适用于专硕；英语一难度略高于英语二；并且，它们的题型有所区别外，二者在其他地方还存在着不同。
今天，文都英语老师将从试卷结构要求的角度对二者的区别进行详细阐述。
1.完形总的来说，英语一的修辞是相当的密集、语言较抽象，且逻辑性强；而英语二的修辞则较为松散，但语言较为具体化，逻辑性不强。
在完形填空这个模块，英语一和英语二的题型和分值都完全相同。
但是英语一的完形填空，着重从篇章的层次进行考查，而英语二则着重从句子的层次进行考查。
2.阅读阅读这个模块，英语一侧重考查篇章层面，而英语二则侧重考查段落层次。
3.新题型新题型这块，二者也不相同。
英语一较为注重篇章的整体性和一致性，在做题的时候要从整体，上下文的角度分析、做题。
英语二侧重于从篇章层次考查，考生们在平时做题的时候要注重应试方法和技能的训练。
4.翻译英语一和英语二在翻译部分的题型和分值是不同的。
英语一是在一篇文章中有五个划线的句子，要求考生翻译。
这是超难的，因为这五个句子是长难句，最长的一句话可以有50多个单词，包含很多语法。
文章的体裁较为正式，可能是考生不太熟悉的领域，我们很多时候还要结合上下文去理解、分析，但是考研英语的做题时间是很紧张的，很难做的比较完美。
而英语二虽然要求考生翻译一段话，但是这一段话的字数和英语一的字数差不多，而且包含的语法点较少，多为简单句。
文章的体裁较为简单，形式较松散，不是那么正式。
从语言知识来看，新大纲中，对词汇的掌握和去年大纲要求完全一致，“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
2016考研英语二答案解析：完形填空
2016考研英语二答案解析：完形填空Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。
(中学)英语句子成分详解汇总
（中学）英语句子成分详解汇总英语句子基本的原则，是名词周围可以有一切形容词性的东西，动词周围可以有一切副词性的东西，及物动词和介词后面可以跟一切名词性的东西。
一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成——主语和谓语句子主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语；句子修饰成分：同位语、定语、状语、补语英语句子基本形式：(状语)，主语（定语/同位语/插入语）+谓语（时态、语态、单复数）+宾语/表语（定语/同位语/状语）充当句子成分的词类：名词(短语)、代词、动词(词组)、形容词(短语)、副词(短语)、介词短语、非谓语结构、从句每个部分细分如下：主语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即主语从句）谓语：动词宾语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即宾语从句）表语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即表语从句）、形容词、介词同位语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即同位语从句）定语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(即定语从句）、形容词、介词状语：副词、介词、非谓语动词、从句(即状语从句）一、主语主语：动作发出者。
是句子主体，表明这句话要描述的是什么I am a teacherChinese is hard充当主语的词语：名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、句子Helping you learn English well is my task•凡是名词都可以做主语•不管是基数词还是序数词都可以作主语•动词不定式和动词不定式短语可以作主语•动名词和动名词短语可以作主语•句子可以作主语，作主语的句子我们叫主语从句•其他：有些词语看起来不是名词，但是具有名词的含义（the old）1. 主语不能缺失中文中句子没有主语翻译成英文解决办法(1). it作主语It is hot outside 外面很热；It keeps raining 雨一直下(2). 使用there be句型注：使用there be 句型前提不是非要表示某处有某物，不能出现两个动词。
非限定动词语法介绍
非限定动词语法介绍非限定动词语法介绍非限定动词种类、意义和特征1)非限定动词(verbal)有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，考研英语：语法大全(非限定动词)。
2)非限定动词和限定动词的基本区别a)限定动词在句子中可以单独作谓语动词，非限定动词在句中则不能单独作谓语动词。
b)限定动词的形式要与主语的人称和数一致，而非限定动词的形式则不受主语的人称和数的限制。
如：He likes to sing它他喜欢唱歌。
They like to sing.他们喜欢唱歌。
限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制，的形式与主语一致。
第一句为likes，第二句为like。
非限定动词sing则不受这种限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。
The man walking in front was carrying a flag.走在前面的人打着一面旗子。
The men walking in front were carrying flags.走在前面的人们都打着旗子。
限定动词be受主语的人称和数的限制，它的形式须与主语一致。
第一句为was，第二句为were.非限定动词walking则不受主语的.限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。
3)非限定动词的双重性a)非限定动词有动词的特征：(a)如果非限定动词是及物动词，须有宾语。
(b)非限定动词可以由状语来修饰。
(c)非限定动词仍有语态和时态的变化，考研英语《考研英语：语法大全(非限定动词)》。
b)非限定动词还有一些非动词的特征它相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分。
非限定动词双重性举例：He promised to do it tonight.他答应今天晚上做。
(非限定动词to do的动词性质表现在它有宾语"和状语tonight它的非动词性质表现在它用作promised的宾语。
)I am sorry to have disturbed you.我打扰你了，对不起。
考研英语高频词汇汇总
考研英语高频词汇汇总学了这么久的英语，大家应该都知道，语言的障碍无非两个：单词和句子。
这是学习英语必须打通的任督二脉;基于长期积累和宽泛知识面的两个需要，遵守利用零散时间的一个原那么，围绕单词和句子的两个中心，20XX高频词汇汇总。
above / beyond: 介词，后面接抽象而不是详细名词时表示“无法做到”，例如：“above prehension”的意思是“无法理解”。
in the absence of something: “缺少，没有”，用于替代“in short of”或者“be lacking in”。
be absorbed in something: “专心从事”abuse: 用在物品词后面表示“过量使用”，用在有生命的事物后面那么表示“虐待”。
have aess to something: 这个短语最常用的意思是“to have something that you can use”，就是“能够用到”，当然，要根据它后面接的单词来判断其中文含义，比方“have aess to town”表示“有道路通往市区”，“have aess to the teacher”那么是“有条件向老师请教”，而“have aess to the Inter”那么表示“有上网条件”。
aessible / available: 形容词，中文的含义同上。
by aident: 介词词组，属于副词用法，修饰动作，意思是“偶然”。
aommodate: 英文解释为“to aept someone's opinions and try to do what they want, especially when their opinions or needs are different from yours”或者“to get used to a newsituation or to make yourself do this”，因此中文的意思是“承受;适应”。
2016年英语(二)真题及答案解析
2016年(英语二)真题及答案解析2016年研究生考试已经结束，博仁教育老师整理出2016考研英语二真题及参考答案，2016年考生可以评估一下分数，稍作休整养精蓄锐后备战复试。
2017年考生更要充分利用好2016年的真题，了解出题要点，有的放矢备战2017年考研。
Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem toinvest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. 【答案】 [C]how考点：连词辨析2. 【答案】 [B]In particular考点：上下文语义以及短语辨析3. 【答案】 [D]necessary考点：上下文语义及形容词词义辨析4. 【答案】 [C]optimism考点：上下文语义及名词词义辨析5. 【答案】 [D]change考点：上下文语义及动词词义辨析6.【答案】 [B]measured考点：上下文语义及动词词义辨析7.【答案】 [A]Sure考点：上下文语义及固定搭配8.【答案】 [D]headquartered考点：上下文语义及形容词词义辨析9.【答案】 [A]explain考点：上下文语义及动词词义辨析10.【答案】 [B]factors考点：上下文语义及名词词义辨析11.【答案】 [A] desirable考点：上下文语义和形容词12. 【答案】 [B]held考点：上下文语义及动词词义辨析13.【答案】 [A] attribute考点：上下文逻辑关系以及动词词组辨析14.【答案】 [D] experienced考点：上下文语义及形容词词义辨析15. 【答案】 [C] also考点：上下文逻辑关系以及副词词义辨析16. 【答案】 [D]equally考点：上下文语义及副词词义辨析17. 【答案】 [C] while考点：上下文逻辑关系18. 【答案】 [C]hints考点：上下文语义及动词词义辨析19. 【答案】 [A]shape考点：上下文语义及动词词义辨析20. 【答案】 [B]lean towards考点：上下文语义及动词词组词义辨析Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive theless-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem andorganize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A. complete future job trainingB. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A. experienceB. academic backgroundsC. career prospectsD. interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A. help students learn other computer languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC. need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A. compete with a future army of programmersB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. bring forth innovative computer technologies25. The word “coax” (Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to____.A. challengeB. persuadeC. frightenD. misguide答案：Text 121 答案 B remodel the way of thinking.22 答案 D interest23 答案 A help students learn other computer languages24 答案 C become better prepared for the digitalized world25 答案 B persuadeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the planrequires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challenge26 答案 A its drastically decreased population27 答案 C granted less federal regulatory powers28 答案 A agree to pay a sum for compensation29 答案 D the states30 答案 C environmental groupsText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully： There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV”or “Carry a book with you at all times” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the mostfulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read Extensively31 答案 D what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed.32 答案 B make passing time fulfilling33 答案 D achieve immersive reading34 答案 A reading becomes your primary business of the day35 答案 B How to Find Time to ReadText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ____.[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ____.[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that ____.[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.36 答案 B having a family with children37 答案 C attach importance to pre-marital finance38 答案 D reach almost all aspects of American life39 答案 D getting established is harder for the young40 答案 C His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.______________What does a child do when he's sad? He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then-again like children-move.42.____________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43.______________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies , increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.__________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with---work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)--it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.___________________Having said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.41.C42.E43.A44.B45.DSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:47。
考研英语历年真题疑难长句汇总
一、复合句When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.[参考译文]当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。
二、并列句While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[参考译文]与你谈话时，可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、你的经历和你的其他资历是否在雇佣你以后会给他带来好处。
你的“资历”和能力必须有条不紊、合理连贯地展示出来。
[结构分析]这也是一个并列句，包含两个分句。
第一个分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether……，其中whether引导一个宾语从句whether your education，your学府考研experience，and other qualifications will pay him to employ you；第二个分句的主干是your “wares”and abilities must be displayed……。
考研语法详解：动名词-毙考题.doc
考研语法详解：动名词摘要：考研英语语法是将词汇与文章大意搭连在一起的一座桥梁，掌握了语法，就相当于打通了英语学习的任督二脉。
帮帮为各位考研er整理了考研英语语法中关于动名词的知识，希望大家能有有所裨益。
动名词是一种非谓语动词，它的形式与现在分词相同，具有名词和动词的某些特征，它可以带宾语、状语等构成动名词短语，在句中不能单独做谓语。
►动名词的时态(Tense)以动词do为例：主动、被动一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 从上述可以看出，动名词和现在分词的时态完全相同，而非谓语动词之间的区别主要是用法上的区别。
动名词和现在分词形式相同，用法却大相径庭，动名词一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，而动名词的完成式则表示动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。
例句：Mr. Jankin regretted blaming his secretary for the mistake，for he later discovered it was his own fault.(regretted与blaming所表示动作几乎同时发生)分析：该句是复合句。
动名词blaming在句中作宾语，it was his own fault是discovered的宾语从句。
译文：坚金先生后悔责怪秘书了，因为他后来发现是自己的过错。
例句：Did you find out who had stolen my watch？That child didn＇t admit having done that.(having done所表示动作在动词admit 前已经发生)分析：前一分句是一复合句，who had stolen my watch作find out的宾语，后一分句是一简单句。
译文：你查出是谁把我的手表盗走了吗？那个孩子不承认是他干的。
例句：I appreciated having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.(having been given所表示动作在谓语动词appreciated之前已发生)分析：该句是简单句。
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文都考研 wh.wendu.com
2016考研英语写作动词词组汇总（五）
英语中有很多动词词组，运用得当，会为文章增色不少，用到考研英语作文中有时能起
到四两拨千斤的作用。上文已讲过 “turn”的部分词组，以下是“turn”的另一部分词组，
请2016考研的同学们熟记。
turn someone away 不让进入(或通过)
turn back (或turn someone/thing back) (使)折回
turn someone down 拒绝(某人的建议或申请)
turn something down 拒绝;调低(声音、温度等)
turn someone in 告发，检举
turn something in 提交，呈递
turn someone off (非正式)使(某人)感到乏味(或厌恶、性反感)
turn something off (用龙头、开关、按钮)关掉
turn someone on (非正式)(尤指在性方面)刺激某人，激发某人性欲
turn something on (用龙头、开关、按钮)打开
turn someone on to (非正式)使(某人)对(某物，尤指毒品)感兴趣
turn someone out 赶走，驱逐; (军)集合，召集;穿着
turn something out 关灯;生产;倒空(某物，尤指口袋);(把做好的食物)从模子里倒出
turn someone over to 把„„移交
turn something over 使引擎运转; 移交(控制、管理权);改变(功能或作用);(非正式)
抢劫;营业额达
turn something round (或 around) (船或飞机)准备返航;(尤指公司)情况好转
turn something up 把(声音，暖气等)调大;显示，发现;(折摺)使衣服变短
文都考研 wh.wendu.com
at every turn 处处;时时
by turns 轮流地，交替地
in turn 依次地，轮流地
out of turn 未按照正当的次序或顺序地;不合时宜地，轻率地
to a turn 正好;恰好
turn a blind eye 熟视无睹：拒绝正视，装作没看见
turn a deaf ear 置若罔闻，装作没听见
turn a hair 慌张，不安：变得慌张或不安
turn (one’s) hand 着手：从事，如一项工作
turn over a new leaf 改过一新：向好的方面转变，如自己的态度成举止
turn tail 逃跑，逃走
turn the corner 或 turn a corner 到达并超越了终点或里程碑
turn the other cheek 逆来顺受：以忍耐对待侮辱和伤害
turn the scales 打破僵局：打破某一形式的平衡状态
turn the tables 转败为胜：扭转了局势而处于上风
turn turtle 倾覆，底朝天翻转
turn up (one’s) nose 轻视，看不起：不把„放在眼里，蔑视
“turn”词组较多，词义较杂，而且不同的词组有词义上的重复，大家在学习和应用时，
要注意区分。有些词组的词义表面意思相同，但有细微差别，需要大家在学习和应用时多加
体会。