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SBIG AO-8 自适应光学设备安装和操作手册说明书

SBIG AO-8 自适应光学设备安装和操作手册说明书

SBIGModel AO-8Adaptive OpticsInstallation and OperationManualSBIG Astronomical Instruments, A Division of Diffraction Limited.59 Grenfell Crescent, Unit B, Ottawa, ON Canada, k2G 0G3Tel:613.225.2732|Fax:225.225.9688|E-mail:*****************|IntroductionCongratulations on your purchase of the AO-8, a second-generation Adaptive Optics device for your dual sensor ST series camera. Please take the time to read these instructions and carefully review your software’s operating instructions for an SBIG AO. Each software program that supports the AO will have its own unique menu and set of commands. We therefore limit the instructions in this manual to installation of the device and an overview of its operation. IMPORTANT: Read Appendix A for Cautions before connecting the AO-8 to your camera. Remove the bottom cover and take any foam or packing material out of the unit before operation.AO-8 DesignSBIG’s previous adaptive optics accessory, the AO-7, consumed quite a bit of back focus due to the use of a mirror at 45 degrees. It’s alignment was quite critical since it could shift the optical axis considerably if misaligned, and it was also somewhat delicate due to the use of amembrane under tension in twoaxes to support the mirror. Inaddition, it had an issue withimage rotation at largedeflections, which becomesserious for large CCDs, but wasnot a problem for the smallerCCDs of the ST series. Forthese reasons SBIG designed anew Adaptive Optic device forhigh speed beam steering calledthe AO-L (Adaptive Optic –Large Format), which couldcover the larger CCDs. Thesame approach has beenextended to the ST camera line with the AO-8, a less expensive unit for smaller CCDs, but operating in much the same way. It is shown in an exploded view above.Incoming light passes through a 6 mm thick plane parallel plate that can be tilted by the action of two geared stepper motors. The total amount of tilt in each direction is +/-9.6 degrees. The light beam is deviated by 36 microns per degree of tilt, so the maximum deviation is +/- 346 microns, or +/-38 pixels with an ST-7/8. We have done careful ray tracing to convince ourselves that no focal shift or significant aberration occurs as the plate is tilted over these small angles, nor is there any distortion, rotation, or change in magnification. Our testing has verified these results. The window is AR coated with the same high quality coating on our ST chamber window, and has less than 1% reflection per surface from 400 to 900 nm wavelength.The AO-8 is somewhat slower than an AO-7, since the motor and gearbox can only tip the motor at 18.75 degrees per second, or 75 pixels per second. In this design moves are slew-rate limited. What this means to the user is that the user should use a focal length that does not produce too large of a star image. For example, if the seeing is bad and the star is 9 pixels across, it is probably jumping around by 4.5 pixels or so with each look, which would take 60 milliseconds to move. If under such conditions you reduced your focal length to where the star was only three pixels across, only 20 milliseconds are spent making the move, and you can achieve a higher update rate with the AO-8. The total overhead in the software for an AO-8 move is 45 milliseconds. If, for example, you are taking 50 millisecond exposures with an optimized focal length (~3 pixel Full Width Half Maximum stars), the total cycle time is 45 + 50 + 20 ms, or 115 ms (8 updates per second). The AO-7 advantage was that a move of any length is 20 milliseconds, but the exposure and overhead times were similar. Based on our experience and knowledge, the corrections made by the AO-8 help with reducing ground layer atmospheric turbulence, and are quite effective in reducing guide errors and wind buffeting. The smallest increment of move for the AO-8 is 0.075 degrees per axis, or 2.7 microns, sbout a third of a pixel. A spring is included to take up the backlash in the motor gearboxes.AO-8 InstallationThe AO-8 is designed to be bolted directly to the front of an ST series camera with or without a filter wheel. In the case of theCFW8A filter wheel, an adapter is required to provide the correct bolt pattern.To attach the AO-8 to an ST camera without a filter wheel:1. Remove the “D” block from the camera (4 Phillips head screws).2. Remove the bottom plate of the AO-8 by removing the 4 hex head screws at the corners of the AO-8 housing. Remove any pieces of neoprene or foam that were inserted between the window paddle and the bottom plate during shipment. Save these in case the unit ever needs to be returned to SBIG.3. Using the four 4-40 x 1/4 screws and washers provided, attach the bottom plate of the AO-8 to the camera. Appendix C, Fig 1. Note that the smooth, featureless side of the bottom plate faces the camera and the side with the cut out faces away from the camera. Once the AO-8 bottom plate is attached, re-assemble the AO-8 housing to the AO-8 bottom plate.5. Plug the cable from the AO-8 into the I2C-AUX port on the camera. If the CFW-9 or CFW-10 is already plugged into the I2C-AUX port on the camera, remove its connector and plug the AO-8 into the camera instead. The filter wheel will then connect to the I2C-AUX OUT port on the AO.Basically you follow the steps for attaching the AO-8 to the camera, except that you attach the AO-8 bottom plate to the front cover of the filter wheel. The CFW9 has the samebolt-hole pattern as the ST camera body.However, you will see that the filter wheelmotor prevents the AO-8 from beingoriented the same way as it is on a camerawithout a filter wheel. In this case, rotatethe AO-8 bottom plate 180 degrees so thatit clears the motor cover. This way, noadapter is required, however you must usethe D-block that you removed from yourcamera as a spacer to allow the AO-8 to clear the button head screws around the edge of the CFW9 (See Appendix B for details). Attach the AO-8 bottom plate to the filter wheel in this orientation with the D-block in between as a spacer, making sure that the smooth,featureless side of the AO-8 bottom plate faces the filter wheel and the side with the cut out faces away from the filter wheel. Finally, attach the AO-8 housing to the AO-8 bottom plate making sure that the aperture in the housing is aligned with the aperture in the bottom plate and you can see through the AO-8 and the filter wheel to the camera window. Note: If preferred, you can use the same adapterand attach the AO-8 the same way as with the CFW8A. To attach the AO-8 to an ST camera with a CFW10 filter wheel: Follow the steps for attaching the AO-8 to the camera, except attach the AO-8 bottom plate to the front cover of the filter wheel.(See Appendix C, Fig 1).The CFW10 has the same bolt hole pattern asthe ST camera body, so no adapter is r Also, the CFW10 cover is large enough tha the AO-8 can be attached to it in the sameorientation as it is when the AO-8 is attachedto the camera body without a filter wheel.equired.tUnlike the CFW9 and CFW10, the CFW8A filter wheel does not have the 4-hole bolt pattern on its cover toallow a direct connection of the AO-8.Therefore, an adapter is required. Thisadapter picks up the bolt pattern around theperimeter of the CFW8A on one side andprovides the same 4-hole bolt pattern as theST camera on the other side. It also acts as aspacer allowing the AO-8 to clear the motoron the filter wheel so that the AO-8 does not have to be rotated 180 degrees as it does when attached to a CFW9 without an adapter, although it can rotated if desired.First attach the adapter to the CFW8A following the instructions that are supplied with the part. Then, attach the AO-8 to this adapter the same way as described in the previous sections. See also Appendix C, Fig 1.Electrical ConnectionsPlug the AO-8 connector into the I2C port of the camera. The AO-8 gets its power and communicates through this one port. If a filter wheel is already using this port, unplug the filter wheel and plug in the AO-8, then you can plug the filter wheel connector into the I2C OUT jack on the AO-8 (See diagrams on next page).Operation of the AO-8:Most programs (CCDOPS, CCDSOFT, and Maxim DL) can perform guiding with an SBIG AO device. Check the program manuals to see how this is done. Options to just guide with the AO-8, or to guide with a combination of the AO-8 and mount moves are available. In the past AO devices have required calibration, but this is not necessary with the AO-8, once all programs implement a default calibration. At the time of this writing, only CCDOPS has a built-in default calibration so you should check with the vendor of the software you are using to see if this feature has been implemented. If the camera and AO-8 are attached to each other so that the cables all exit the units in the same direction, then the default calibration should work. If the AO-8 is attached with the cables facing the opposite direction from the camera cables (e.g., using a CFW-9 without an adapter), then use the “180 degrees” default calibration numbers. Of course, one can always do a fresh calibration with an AO-8, but it should not be required.If the user has a good mount with accurate PEC correction then it is quite possible that the AO-8 can do all of the guiding, and no connection need be made to the mount. The BIG advantage of this is that if you need to rotate the camera-AO-8 assembly to find a guide star, you do not need to recalibrate! This is very helpful when imaging through color or narrowband filters.Hints/Troubleshooting:Cleaning: If the window ever needs cleaning do not remove the paddle assembly from the AO. If one removes the AO-8 housing from the camera then both sides of the glass can be reached with cotton swabs. Use cotton swabs and isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol to clean the window. Never re-use a cotton swab. Keep using fresh ones, and eventually all oil on the window will be removed. The AR coating on the window makes any residual oil very apparent. Exercise mode: the AO-8 should re-center every time it is powered up. You can also exercise the AO-8 over its full range of operation using the AO exercise command in CCDOPS with 1 second per axis. We have never had an assembly get lost and jam at the extremes of its range, but you should contact SBIG if this should happen.Vibration: the AO-L does vibrate substantially in exercise mode, with an easily felt buzz. This is not a problem for the much shorter moves typical of actual operation.Dimensional Data: Back Focus: The AO-8 is 1.9 inches (48.3 mm) thick. The T-thread adapter plate adds 0.2 inches (5 mm) to this. The thick glass plate inside the AO-8 optically reduces the apparent thickness by 2 mm, so the AO-8 plus adapter plate optical thickness isa total of 2.02 inches (51.3 mm). The CFW8A adapter plate adds0.66 inches (16.8 mm) back focus. Weight (w/o adapter): 21 ounces (0.6kg).AO-8 attached to ST camera with 2" nosepiece (not supplied)screwed into the T-thread adapter plate.Appendix A - CautionsThe AO-8 is packed for shipping with foam inside to protect the delicate motors from damage that might be caused by rough handling. This materialprevents the paddle from moving. The AO will try to center the paddle when first powered up so it is important that you remove the foam before connecting the AO-8 to the camera or the motors could be damaged. The first piece can be removedfrom aperture of the AO-8 housing by simplypulling the tissue used to line the foam insert. Thesecond piece is inside housing and can be taken outwhen you remove the bottom plate in preparationfor installation on the camera.When you remove the bottom plate inpreparation for installation, you will seetwo sets of mounting holes. Thesmaller inner set of four holes matchesthe bolt pattern on ST cameras and f wheels. These are the mounting holesyou will use. The larger, outer set offour holes matches the bolt pattern onan STL accessory plate. The largerholes are covered with black tape toprevent light from entering the AO-8 when they are unused. This tape ilter should not be removed unless you at attaching the AO-8 to an STL camera.The T-thread adapter plate may be left off forshipping. If so, you can easily install it withthe hex head screws and hex wrenchprovided. The smaller hex wrench is forremoving the bottom plate from the housing. The smaller wrench also fits the two hex head screws on the side of the housing that hold the motors. Do not loosen or removethese two screws. Be sure you have the latest SBIG drivers: Download and run the DriverChecker utility found in Software Download section IV at , or go directly to our FTP site at ftp:///pub/SetupDriverChecker.exeAppendix B - Using the D-Block as a Spacer for Mounting to a CFW9To attach the AO-8 to a CFW9 with the AO-8 rotated 180 degrees, without an adapter, you must use the D-block that you have already removed from your camera as a spacer so that the AO-8 clears the button head screws on the CFW9. Please follow these steps:1. Loosen the three set screws on the D-block and remove the T-thread ring from the D-block. Leave the set-crews in the D-block to prevent light from entering. You can screw them in all the way to keep them secure. (Fig. 1)2. Use four 4-40 x 1/2 inch socket head screws to attach the AO-8 bottom plate to the CFW9 with the D-block in between as a spacer. (Fig. 2)3. When assembled the D-block will allow the AO-8 bottom plate to be attached at 180 degrees clearing the button head screws on the CFW9. (Fig. 3)Note: It is important that youdo not use screws longer than1/2 inch as the threaded holesin the CFW9 cover plate areblind (i.e., they do not go allthe way through) and 1/2 inchscrews will just fit thisconfiguration.Appendix C - Installing the AO-8: Correct Screws and Washers The AO-8 bottom plate mounts to the camera / filter wheel by passing screws though the bottom plate into threaded holes in the camera /filter wheel. The threaded holes are blind, that is they do not go all the way through. In order to get a rigid attachment of the AO-8 bottom plate, the screws used must be long enough to grasp the threads of the hole but not so long that they hit bottom. Forcing a screw that is too long into a blind hole will damage the threads. There are two lengths of screws provided with the AO-8 so that it may be attached in any one of several different configurations. Appendix B describes attaching the AO-8 to a CFW9 using a D-block as a spacer. In this case, the screws are 4-40 x 1/2 inch socket head screws. No washers are used in this configuration. (Figure 2 below). If you are making any other kind of installation (Direct to camera, or with the CFW8A adapter, or to a CFW10) then you will use shorter, 4-40 x 1/4 socket head screws AND washers to achieve the correct length (Figure 1 below)。

机器人顶刊论文

机器人顶刊论文

机器人顶刊论文机器人领域内除开science robotics以外，TRO和IJRR是机器人领域的两大顶刊，最近师弟在选择研究方向，因此对两大顶刊的论文做了整理。

TRO的全称IEEE Transactions on Robotics，是IEEE旗下机器人与自动化协会的汇刊，最新的影响因子为6.123。

ISSUE 61 An End-to-End Approach to Self-Folding Origami Structures2 Continuous-Time Visual-Inertial Odometry for Event Cameras3 Multicontact Locomotion of Legged Robots4 On the Combined Inverse-Dynamics/Passivity-Based Control of Elastic-Joint Robots5 Control of Magnetic Microrobot Teams for Temporal Micromanipulation Tasks6 Supervisory Control of Multirotor Vehicles in Challenging Conditions Using Inertial Measurements7 Robust Ballistic Catching: A Hybrid System Stabilization Problem8 Discrete Cosserat Approach for Multisection Soft Manipulator Dynamics9 Anonymous Hedonic Game for Task Allocation in a Large-Scale Multiple Agent System10 Multimodal Sensorimotor Integration for Expert-in-the-Loop Telerobotic Surgical Training11 Fast, Generic, and Reliable Control and Simulation of Soft Robots Using Model Order Reduction12 A Path/Surface Following Control Approach to Generate Virtual Fixtures13 Modeling and Implementation of the McKibben Actuator in Hydraulic Systems14 Information-Theoretic Model Predictive Control: Theory and Applications to Autonomous Driving15 Robust Planar Odometry Based on Symmetric Range Flow and Multiscan Alignment16 Accelerated Sensorimotor Learning of Compliant Movement Primitives17 Clock-Torqued Rolling SLIP Model and Its Application to Variable-Speed Running in aHexapod Robot18 On the Covariance of X in AX=XB19 Safe Testing of Electrical Diathermy Cutting Using a New Generation Soft ManipulatorISSUE 51 Toward Dexterous Manipulation With Augmented Adaptive Synergies: The Pisa/IIT SoftHand 22 Efficient Equilibrium Testing Under Adhesion and Anisotropy Using Empirical Contact Force Models3 Force, Impedance, and Trajectory Learning for Contact Tooling and Haptic Identification4 An Ankle–Foot Prosthesis Emulator With Control of Plantarflexion and Inversion–Eversion Torque5 SLAP: Simultaneous Localization and Planning Under Uncertainty via Dynamic Replanning in Belief Space6 An Analytical Loading Model for n -Tendon Continuum Robots7 A Direct Dense Visual Servoing Approach Using Photometric Moments8 Computational Design of Robotic Devices From High-Level Motion Specifications9 Multicontact Postures Computation on Manifolds10 Stiffness Modulation in an Elastic Articulated-Cable Leg-Orthosis Emulator: Theory and Experiment11 Human–Robot Communications of Probabilistic Beliefs via a Dirichlet Process Mixture of Statements12 Multirobot Reconnection on Graphs: Problem, Complexity, and Algorithms13 Robust Intrinsic and Extrinsic Calibration of RGB-D Cameras14 Reactive Trajectory Generation for Multiple Vehicles in Unknown Environments With Wind Disturbances15 Resource-Aware Large-Scale Cooperative Three-Dimensional Mapping Using Multiple Mobile Devices16 Control of Planar Spring–Mass Running Through Virtual Tuning of Radial Leg Damping17 Gait Design for a Snake Robot by Connecting Curve Segments and ExperimentalDemonstration18 Server-Assisted Distributed Cooperative Localization Over Unreliable Communication Links19 Realization of Smooth Pursuit for a Quantized Compliant Camera Positioning SystemISSUE 41 A Survey on Aerial Swarm Robotics2 Trajectory Planning for Quadrotor Swarms3 A Distributed Control Approach to Formation Balancing and Maneuvering of Multiple Multirotor UAVs4 Joint Coverage, Connectivity, and Charging Strategies for Distributed UAV Networks5 Robotic Herding of a Flock of Birds Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle6 Agile Coordination and Assistive Collision Avoidance for Quadrotor Swarms Using Virtual Structures7 Decentralized Trajectory Tracking Control for Soft Robots Interacting With the Environment8 Resilient, Provably-Correct, and High-Level Robot Behaviors9 Humanoid Dynamic Synchronization Through Whole-Body Bilateral Feedback Teleoperation10 Informed Sampling for Asymptotically Optimal Path Planning11 Robust Tactile Descriptors for Discriminating Objects From Textural Properties via Artificial Robotic Skin12 VINS-Mono: A Robust and Versatile Monocular Visual-Inertial State Estimator13 Zero Step Capturability for Legged Robots in Multicontact14 Fast Gait Mode Detection and Assistive Torque Control of an Exoskeletal Robotic Orthosis for Walking Assistance15 Physically Plausible Wrench Decomposition for Multieffector Object Manipulation16 Considering Uncertainty in Optimal Robot Control Through High-Order Cost Statistics17 Multirobot Data Gathering Under Buffer Constraints and Intermittent Communication18 Image-Guided Dual Master–Slave Robotic System for Maxillary Sinus Surgery19 Modeling and Interpolation of the Ambient Magnetic Field by Gaussian Processes20 Periodic Trajectory Planning Beyond the Static Workspace for 6-DOF Cable-Suspended Parallel Robots1 Computationally Efficient Trajectory Generation for Fully Actuated Multirotor Vehicles2 Aural Servo: Sensor-Based Control From Robot Audition3 An Efficient Acyclic Contact Planner for Multiped Robots4 Dimensionality Reduction for Dynamic Movement Primitives and Application to Bimanual Manipulation of Clothes5 Resolving Occlusion in Active Visual Target Search of High-Dimensional Robotic Systems6 Constraint Gaussian Filter With Virtual Measurement for On-Line Camera-Odometry Calibration7 A New Approach to Time-Optimal Path Parameterization Based on Reachability Analysis8 Failure Recovery in Robot–Human Object Handover9 Efficient and Stable Locomotion for Impulse-Actuated Robots Using Strictly Convex Foot Shapes10 Continuous-Phase Control of a Powered Knee–Ankle Prosthesis: Amputee Experiments Across Speeds and Inclines11 Fundamental Actuation Properties of Multirotors: Force–Moment Decoupling and Fail–Safe Robustness12 Symmetric Subspace Motion Generators13 Recovering Stable Scale in Monocular SLAM Using Object-Supplemented Bundle Adjustment14 Toward Controllable Hydraulic Coupling of Joints in a Wearable Robot15 Geometric Construction-Based Realization of Spatial Elastic Behaviors in Parallel and Serial Manipulators16 Dynamic Point-to-Point Trajectory Planning Beyond the Static Workspace for Six-DOF Cable-Suspended Parallel Robots17 Investigation of the Coin Snapping Phenomenon in Linearly Compliant Robot Grasps18 Target Tracking in the Presence of Intermittent Measurements via Motion Model Learning19 Point-Wise Fusion of Distributed Gaussian Process Experts (FuDGE) Using a Fully Decentralized Robot Team Operating in Communication-Devoid Environment20 On the Importance of Uncertainty Representation in Active SLAM1 Robust Visual Localization Across Seasons2 Grasping Without Squeezing: Design and Modeling of Shear-Activated Grippers3 Elastic Structure Preserving (ESP) Control for Compliantly Actuated Robots4 The Boundaries of Walking Stability: Viability and Controllability of Simple Models5 A Novel Robotic Platform for Aerial Manipulation Using Quadrotors as Rotating Thrust Generators6 Dynamic Humanoid Locomotion: A Scalable Formulation for HZD Gait Optimization7 3-D Robust Stability Polyhedron in Multicontact8 Cooperative Collision Avoidance for Nonholonomic Robots9 A Physics-Based Power Model for Skid-Steered Wheeled Mobile Robots10 Formation Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Robots Without Position and Velocity Measurements11 Online Identification of Environment Hunt–Crossley Models Using Polynomial Linearization12 Coordinated Search With Multiple Robots Arranged in Line Formations13 Cable-Based Robotic Crane (CBRC): Design and Implementation of Overhead Traveling Cranes Based on Variable Radius Drums14 Online Approximate Optimal Station Keeping of a Marine Craft in the Presence of an Irrotational Current15 Ultrahigh-Precision Rotational Positioning Under a Microscope: Nanorobotic System, Modeling, Control, and Applications16 Adaptive Gain Control Strategy for Constant Optical Flow Divergence Landing17 Controlling Noncooperative Herds with Robotic Herders18 ε⋆: An Online Coverage Path Planning Algorithm19 Full-Pose Tracking Control for Aerial Robotic Systems With Laterally Bounded Input Force20 Comparative Peg-in-Hole Testing of a Force-Based Manipulation Controlled Robotic HandISSUE 11 Development of the Humanoid Disaster Response Platform DRC-HUBO+2 Active Stiffness Tuning of a Spring-Based Continuum Robot for MRI-Guided Neurosurgery3 Parallel Continuum Robots: Modeling, Analysis, and Actuation-Based Force Sensing4 A Rationale for Acceleration Feedback in Force Control of Series Elastic Actuators5 Real-Time Area Coverage and Target Localization Using Receding-Horizon Ergodic Exploration6 Interaction Between Inertia, Viscosity, and Elasticity in Soft Robotic Actuator With Fluidic Network7 Exploiting Elastic Energy Storage for “Blind”Cyclic Manipulation: Modeling, Stability Analysis, Control, and Experiments for Dribbling8 Enhance In-Hand Dexterous Micromanipulation by Exploiting Adhesion Forces9 Trajectory Deformations From Physical Human–Robot Interaction10 Robotic Manipulation of a Rotating Chain11 Design Methodology for Constructing Multimaterial Origami Robots and Machines12 Dynamically Consistent Online Adaptation of Fast Motions for Robotic Manipulators13 A Controller for Guiding Leg Movement During Overground Walking With a Lower Limb Exoskeleton14 Direct Force-Reflecting Two-Layer Approach for Passive Bilateral Teleoperation With Time Delays15 Steering a Swarm of Particles Using Global Inputs and Swarm Statistics16 Fast Scheduling of Robot Teams Performing Tasks With Temporospatial Constraints17 A Three-Dimensional Magnetic Tweezer System for Intraembryonic Navigation and Measurement18 Adaptive Compensation of Multiple Actuator Faults for Two Physically Linked 2WD Robots19 General Lagrange-Type Jacobian Inverse for Nonholonomic Robotic Systems20 Asymmetric Bimanual Control of Dual-Arm Exoskeletons for Human-Cooperative Manipulations21 Fourier-Based Shape Servoing: A New Feedback Method to Actively Deform Soft Objects into Desired 2-D Image Contours22 Hierarchical Force and Positioning Task Specification for Indirect Force Controlled Robots。

高速列车动态包络线测量系统现场校准方法的优化(英文)

高速列车动态包络线测量系统现场校准方法的优化(英文)

398Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Vol. 7 No. 4, Dec. 2016 An optimal on-site calibration method in measurement systemof dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicleLIU M eng，LIU Chang-jie，WU Xiao-han(State Key Laboratory o f Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments，Tianjin University ?Tianjin 300072，China) Abstract：High-speed vehicle dynamic envelope curve is defined as the maximum limit outline affected by a variety of adverse factors while the train is running. Considering the difficulties in the current measurement system such as complicated calibration process，cumbersome aided-instruments，strict limitation of working distance, this paper carries out an optical method in which two high-speed cameras with variable-zoom lenses are adopted as binocular stereo sensors of measurement system and a high-ac­curacy 3D target with fast reconstruction is designed. The intrinsic parameters of the sensors and the relative positions between coordinate systems are solved by the method of colinearity constrained optimization algorithm. The calibration process is easy to operate and the device is also of portability. Most importantly, the severe working distance limitation between sensors and measured body is solved, enhancing the adaptability of measurement system to environment. Experimental results show that when the sensors are in the range of 8 —16 m away from the measured body, system accuracy can reach up to +0. 5 mm, which meets the requirements to measure the dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle.Key words：zoom lens；3D target；colinearity constrain optimization algorithm；binocular stereo vision；dynamic envelope curve CLD number：U238 Document code：AArticle ID：1674-8042(2016)04-0398-07 doi：10. 3969/j. issn. 1674-8042. 2016. 04. 0150 IntroductionAs Chinese railway expands its capacity by suc­cessfully implementing the sixth speed-up initiative? China is now a country enjoying benefits from the era of high-speed. Railway safety，at the same tim e，is considered as a prominent issue. Dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle is defined as the maxi­mum limit outline affected by a variety of adverse fac­tors while the train is running. It was measured by means of modeling and simulation for a long time. By taking the maximum or minimum values of various parameters affecting dynamic posture of train into calculation, we can roughly figure out the maximum limit outline^1-2]. In order to get dynamic envelop curve of high-speed vehicle more precisely and objec­tively? a measurement system for dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle was designed by the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments. It fulfills all the prerequisites of re­al time measurement when the train is running at ahigh speed of 500 km/h and the measurement preci­sion of the system can reach up to +0. 5 mm. Based on binocular stereo vision, the system produces the feature information by using a high power pulse la­ser? and obtains the dynamic envelope curve of the high-speed train by acquisition, processing and calcu­lation of information that reflects the excursion of the measured high-speed train[幻.However，the draw­backs of this system have been revealed during prac­ticing in recent years. Firstly, and the most impor­tantly, the measurement system chooses the camera with a prime lens whose intrinsic parameters are solved under lab environment in advance as its sen­sor. In this case, the working distance of system and the relative position between two cameras are strictlyReceived date：2016-10-01Foundation items：National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2016ZX04003001) Corresponding author：LIU Meng (imonlau@tju. edu. cn )LIU Meng, et al. / An optimal on-site calibration method in measurement system of dynamic envelope (399)fixed for a proper view field. However, complexities of actual test sites lead to considerable disagreements between lab conditions and actual field conditions. Thus, system errors are inevitable. Secondly, the maximum limit outline of dynamic envelope curve by definition is based on the center line and the upper surface of rail. Equipments such as laser tracker are needed to switch measuring data to the base coordi­nate system. All these devices are extremely heavy and easily influenced by environmental factors. In or­der to address the problems mentioned above, this article puts forward an optimal method in which two cameras with variable-zoom lenses are adopted and a high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) target with ca­pacity of fast reconstruction is designed. The intrin­sic parameters of the sensors and the relative posi­tions between coordinate systems are solved by the method of colinearity constrained optimization algo­rithm. In the premise of guaranteeing accuracy, the calibration speed and the environmental adaptability of system have been improved considerably.1 Measuring principle of system1. 1 Binocular stereo vision measuring princi­ple and calibration purposeThe measurement system is set up based on binoc­ular stereo vision measuring principle^4^, which imi­tates the principle of human eyes on obtaining 3D in­formation. The imitating process is realized by using two cameras, as shown in Fig. 1.Two cameras and the intended object form a trian­gle in space, and the 3D coordinates of object points are obtained by using the image point coordinates on two cameras’ image plane. Ocl—XciYC iZ C i is defined as the coordinate system of camera 1, whose image plane coordinate system is 〇i —X\Y\；0C2 —Z C2is defined as the coordinate system of camera 2, whose image plane coordinate system is 02 —X2Y2. The coordinate system of camera 1 is defined as the coordinate system of measurement system------Os一X S YS Z S. Ow — is defined as the base coordi­nate system.According to the perspective transformation model of camera, in the coordinate system of measurement system, the 3D coordinates of the points to be meas­ured are'Xs=Z sX j f^y=_________________/l ( f zti — X2t3)_________________=Q) 5— X2 ( r31 ^ + r32L + /\ r33) — /2 ( rn ^L + /\ r13)—___________________f i、f2h ^Y i h )___________________Y2 (r31 X x + r32Y i +f, r33) -/2 (r21 X x + r22+f, r23)，>11厂12where R =厂21厂22厂23is on behalf of the rotation -厂31厂32r33-matrix of the coordinate systems from camera 2to camera 1 ；T= \_ti t2is on behalf of the trans­lation matrix of the coordinate systems from camera 2to camera 1；f\, f2are effective focal length of camera 1and camera 2respectively.The maximum limit outline by definition of dynam­ic envelope curve is based on the center line and the upper surface of rail, so it is necessary to set up the base coordinate system. As shown in Fig. 2, we de­fine a point at any position in the line where central plane intersects with rail surface plane as origin point of the base coordinate system. The 3；-axis is perpen­dicular to the intersecting line and points tothe400Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Vol. 7 No. 4, Dec. 2016 measurement system along the rail surface plane.While the z-axis is perpendicular to the intersectingline and points to the upper space along the centralplane. The x-axis is determined by the right-handedprinciple. So the base coordinate system-----O议，一X^X^Zy,,is set up[5].According to the conversion theory among coordi­nate systems, the 3D coordinates of the points on thebase coordinate system to be measured are>11厂12厂13t\Y厂21厂22厂23U厂31厂32厂33h _1 __0001—///—1(2)matrix from the coordinate system of camera 1to the base coordinate system；T =\_t\ t2is on be­half of the translation matrix from the coordinate system of camera 1to the base coordinate system. The calibration purpose is to obtain the inner pa­rameters (/\，/2，etc. ) of each sensor, transforma­tion parameters from camera 2to camera 1(T3) and from the coordinate system of camera 1to the base coordinate system (T i).In pinhole imaging mode, the object and its image satisfy the following geometric relationship：point P in space, point p in image plane and the origin of the camera are collinear, as shown in Fig. 3. That is to say, these 3 points satisfy colinearity constrain crite­rion, which can be expressed by the vector parameter equation〇cP = f〇cP-(3)Then~x~厂12厂13y=P厂21厂22厂23-厂31厂32厂33-X w—t yt z -(4)厂11厂12厂13where R =厂21厂22厂23is on behalf of the rotation -厂31厂32厂33_Scaling factor is expanded and eliminated, and shift of the principal point and variation caused by distortion are added. Colinearity constrain equations are obtained with all camera intrinsic parameters^8 9] x = x〇 + Ax +^ r n (X^, — tx) +r12 (Y^, — ty) + ri3(Z^, — tz)r3i (X^, — tx) + r32 (Y^, — ty) + r33(Z^, — ts)' y =y〇+ Ay +y-r2i (X^ — tx) + r22 (Ytt, ~ty) + r23(Z^, — ts)r3i (X^, — tx) + r32(Y^, — ty) + r33 (Z^, ~t z)'(5) where Ax, A3/ are variations caused by distortion, the values areAx =x c r2k\ -\-x c r/lk2 +x cr6^3 +(r2+2x2c)p1+2x c y c p2+x c b1+ y c b2 Ay =y c r2h+ y c r A k2+ yc r6k3+2x c y c p1 -f(r2 +2y2c) p2 +y c b1.(6)1. 2 Calibration of intrinsic parameters andexternal parameters of each sensorThis article takes colinearity constrained optimiza­tion algorithm to obtain the camera intrinsic parame­ters and transformation parameters from each camera coordinate system to the base coordinate system[6 7].Analysis of the equations above are as follow：1) (x，3；) is the coordinate value of the object point in image plane coordinate system, which is obtainedby the method of center extraction algorithm.2) (X w Zw)is the coordinate value of the ob­ject point in base coordinate system. IncalibrationLIU Meng, et al. / An optimal on-site calibration method in measurement system of dynamic envelope (401)process, the coordinate value of laser on the target chosen as feature points, is calibrated in advance.3) 10independent parameters contained in (c，x〇，3；〇,^2^3^2^2 ) 〇f camera intrinsic param­eters ,3independent parameters contained in (rn , ^22 ^33) 〇f the rotation m atrix, and 3 independent pa­rameters contained in (t x, ^v, tz )of the translation matrix are the parameters to be solved.Each feature point in space can establish 2 equa­tions. All the camera intrinsic parameters, the rota­tion matrix and the translation matrix from each cam­era coordinate system to the base coordinate system can be solved by setting the number of feature points scientifically and solving colinearity constrain equa­tions.1. 3 Calibration of dual-camera positionWhen both of the cameras have done the calibra­tion of intrinsic parameters and external parameters, the rotation matrix and the translation matrix be­tween two cameras can be established according to binocular vision theoryRci~XC i~YC1+T〇=RC2~XC2~Y c2+T c2-(7)^C l--T h e n l^^c i^a1, T=R c H T c2-T c l).2 Target designIn order to fulfill field calibration of the intrinsic parameters of sensors and the relative positions be­tween coordinate systems, we designed a high-accu­racy 3D target with capacity of fast reconstruction, as shown in Fig. 4.Fig. 4 Frame diagram of high-accuracy 3D targetIn order to ensure the stability and portability of the target, several factors are needed to be consid­ered in design.1) The target is designed with 3-layers structure which are sorted in an ascending order based on their sizes. When the calibration process is completed, we unscrew and remove the bolts, and put the upper one inside the lower one. We can make the whole target packed in one equipment box, so the target possesses good portability in structure.2) The target is made of low-density aluminum al­loy. Supporting round bar at the bottom is made of anti-deformation carbon fiber tube, which is not sen­sitive to environmental changes.3) Several locking bolts and special connecting structures are applied among the neighboring layers and between the target support and rail to ensure high repeat accuracy. W hat" s more, designed to maximize the ease of field installation by hand, the bolts?head which is encased in plastic and enlarged in size would be user-friendly.4) We use infrared laser to construct the feature points. In order to have an adequate divergent angle of laser light, we put a 7mm spherical prism in front402Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Vol. 7 No. 4, Dec. 2016of the laser.20lasers are distributed to the target regularly, whose relative position relationship is calibrated by V-STARS calibration system. When the target is as­sembled on site, exact coordinates of lasers in base coordinate system are obtained since target is just half the width of rail gauge away from the 3；-axis of base coordinate system. In addition, the condition of high-speed rail is very good, and the accuracy of rail gauge can be limited less than 0. 5 mm, which is known as standard rail gauge.3 Experiments and data analysisWe use two MotionBLiTZ Eosens Cube 6cameras which are manufactured by M ikrotron company to conduct the experiment of testing the field calibration of binocular stereo vision. The maximum frame rate can reach up to 83 500 fram e/s, and the minimum exposure time can be limited within 2 fis.Each cam­era has a built-in H5Z2518C-MP zoom lens, which is manufactured by computar company. We choose Na­tional Railway Track Test Center as the experiment field, as shown in Fig. 5.Fig. 5 Experiment field3. 1 Verification experiments of systemIn order to verify the system accuracy based on this calibration method, we calculate the coordinate val­ues of the feature points on the target backward, and then compare the calculation results with the pre-cali- brated values by V-STARS calibration system which are assumed as truth-values.Experimental steps are as follows：1) Assemble and built the target on the rail in the experiment field, place two cameras 8m away from the target. The camera support is 2 m high and the distance between two cameras is 10m, as shown in Fig. 6. Adjust the focal length of the two cameras to make sure that viewing field of each camera in the target position is 4 m X 4 m (for the height of the measured train is about 4 m) and the target locates in the lower half of the viewing field. Keeping the e­quipment position unchanged until the experiment is finished.2) Use the two cameras to take a quick shot at the target. Solve on-site to obtain the intrinsic parame­ters of each camera as well as the rotation matrix and the translation matrix from the coordinate system of measurement system to the base coordinate system.3) Calculate the coordinates of the feature points backward based on the parameters in Step 2. The measuring errors are obtained through comparing with the standard values.4) Disassemble the target and build it again.5) Repeat Step 2 — 4 10 times, record the maxi­mum error value of each feature point in the 10ex­periments ,respectively.The first experiment is over.As shown in Fig. 6, the angle is keeped between cameras and the target constant. Two cameras are put along with their supports 10 m, 12 m, 14 m, and 16 m away from the target in turn. Do not change other conditions, and repeat step 1 — 5.Fig. 7 shows the results of the experiment , and it is obviously that all five experiments have maintained a high level of accuracy (all measurement errors are below 0. 5 mm). Thus, we can draw the conclusionthat measurement precision of the system has reachedLIU Meng, et al. / An optimal on-site calibration method in measurement system of dynamic envelope (403)up to 士0. 5 m m，which satisfies the measuring de­mand of high-speed vehicle dynamic envelop curve.W hat? s more, the measurement error is becominglarger with the increasing of distance. Therefore, inorder to achieve high accuracy, binocular camerasshould be designed under the premise of field permis­sion, as close as possible to the measured body.Working distance average value standard deviation0.0620.0600.057Fig. 7 Experimental resultsFrom the experiments above, we can easily con­clude that strict distance limitation between sensors and the measured body is overcome based on the opti­mal calibration method. Meanwhile, the environmen­tal adaptability is improved greatly.3. 2 Measurement experimentsWe conducted a set of on-site experiments to verify the feasibility of this method. According to the standard of high-speed vehicle testing requirements, we need to monitor the dynamic envelope curve of the measured train as it is speeding up from zero speed. The measurement pictures are shown in Fig. 8.(c) Carriage 8 (high speed)Fig. 8 Measurement pictures taken by camera 1 (left) and camera 2 (right)By analyzing the images and data, we can obtain the 3D information of each sectional outline. Casting these data over the plane vertical to the direction of the train, we can get the dynamic envelope curve of the measured body, as shown in Fig. 9.Fig. 9 Measurement resultsW ith the train speeding up, the amplitude of the vehicle body is gradually increasing. When the train accelerates through the measuremend area, the difference between the high speed (carriage 8) and low speed (carriage 1) in dynamic envelope curveis404Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation VoL 7 No. 4, Dec. 2016below 19 m m，which reflects that as the speed in­creasing, the amplitude gains, but the train is still relatively stable. Apart from maintaining high accu­racy of the original design, this new method acceler­ates the whole measurement process. In these experi­ments? we only spent 10 minutes on fulfilling the cal­ibration. Measurement efficiency has been greatly improved.4 ConclusionThis paper puts forward an optical method in measurement system of dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle by using two high-speed cameras with two variable-zoom lenses and a high-accuracy 3D target with capacity of fast reconstruction. The in­trinsic parameters of the sensors and the relative po­sitions among coordinate systems are solved by colin­earity constrained optimization algorithm. This novel design overcomes two significant shortcomings. The whole device is compact and portable while the cali­bration process is simple and explicit. Most impor­tantly, this design eliminates the strict limitation of work distance between sensors and measured body，which enhances the adaptability of measurement sys­tem in various working conditions. Experimental re­sults show that when the sensors are in the range of 8—16 m away from the measured body? the system accuracy can reach up to 士 0. 5 m m，which meets the requirements of measuring the dynamic envelop curve of high-speed vehicle.References[1] HAN Mei, HAN Bo-ling, LI Hong-yan, et al. Calculationmethod of the distance between railway out-of-gauge goods and structure gauge. China Railway Science, 2011，32(1)：122-126.[2] TENG Wan-xiu, CHENG Ya-jun. Comparative study oncomputation methods for dynamic car profiles. Urban Rap­id Rail Transit, 2009, 22(4)：40-45.[3] GUO Yin，LIU Chang-jie，et al. Measurement system fordynamic envelope curve of high-speed train Chinese Jour­nal of Lasers? 2013? 40(2)：0208002.[4] SUNJun-hua, WU Zi-yan, LIU Qian-zhe, et al. Field cal­ibration of stereo vision sensor with large FOV. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2009, 17(3)：633-640. [5] GUO Yin Research on dynamic envelope curve measure­ment of high-speed train Tianjin：Tianjin University, 2013.[6] Abdel-Aziz Y I. Photogrammetric potential of non-me t riecameras. Illinois ：University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham- paign, 1974.[7] Zhang H J. Research on fast field calibration in measure­ment of high-speed vehicle dynamic envelope curve. Tian­jin：Tianjin University, 2015.[8] Weng J，Cohen P, Herniou M. Camera calibration withdistortion models and accuracy evaluation. IEEE Transac­tions on Pattern Analysis &• Machine Intelligence, 1992, 14(10)：965-980.[9] WEI Guo-qing，MA Song-de. Implicit and explicit cameracalibration：theory and experiments. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence, 1994，16(5): 469-480.高速列车动态包络线测量系统现场校准方法的优化刘蒙，刘常杰，吴晓寒(天津大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室，天津300072)摘要：高速列车动态包络线是指车体在运行过程中受各种不利因素影响所导致的最大极限轮廓。

球壳形貌非接触测量系统的研究与开发

球壳形貌非接触测量系统的研究与开发

Keywords: non-contact
CCD laser displacement sensor data acquisition
II
un-orthogonal 标测量技术的发展现状
坐标测量机（ Coordinate Measuring Machine，简称 CMM）是一种 它以精密机械为基 近年来迅速发展的大型的现代化的几何测量设备[1]。 础，综合应用电子技术、计算机技术、光栅与激光干涉等先进技术， 实现高效率、高精度的测量。除一般的规则零件外，它还能测量复杂 形状的三维尺寸工件，如箱体、模具、凸轮、发动机曲轴和汽轮机叶 片等。由于其自动化程度高、通用性强、测量范围广而越来越广泛地 应用于航空航天、电子、汽车及机械制造等关系国民经济命脉的各个 重要的部门和领域[1][17]。 自 1960 年，第一台三坐标测量机在英国诞生以来，坐标测量机技 术已有了 40 多年的历史。在此期间，机械设计技术与机械加工技术的 进步，空气轴承的工业化，计算机的进步及其应用技术的开发，以及 控制技术的发展，各种接触式和非接触式测头的开发等，为三坐标测 量机不断应用新技术提供了技术前景，使坐标测量技术在近年有了惊 人的进步，使其在精密测量机中，构成了不可动摇的地位[32]。 目前，国内外三坐标测量机技术正迅速发展。国外著名的 CMM 生 产厂家主要有日本三丰、德国的蔡司和莱茨、意大利的 DEA、美国的 Brown & Sharpe、英国的 Renishaw 等公司。我国自 70 年代开始研制三 坐标测量机以来，也有了很大的发展。我国主要的生产厂家有中国航 天精密机械研究所、青岛前哨英柯发测量设备有限公司、北京机床研 究所、昆明机床厂等 [17]。截至目前，我国已经具备了从制造精密型三 坐标测量机到生产型三坐标测量机，直至分辨率为几微米的划线测量 机的各种型号的测量机的能力，实际生产能力已达几百台，已占领了 一定的国内市场。

电气专业英语

电气专业英语

发电厂：power plant组态：configuration补偿电缆：building out cable电缆敷设：cable laying热继电器：thermorelay配电：distribution就地：on-site电磁阀：electro valve铠装电缆：armored cable校验：checkout冗余：redundancy熔断器：fusible cutout固态电路：solid-state circuit电缆桥架：cable crane span structure分散控制系统DCS：Distributed Control System 数据采集系统（DAS）：Data Acquisition System 模拟量控制系统（MCS）：Mimesis Control System 顺序控制系统（SCS）：Sequences Control System 操作员站（OS）：operator station工程师站（ES）: engineer station盘、箱、柜、台：panel、box、cabinet、board联锁：interlock可编程控制器（PLC）：programmable logic controller施工图：execution drawing竣工图：completion drawing 防爆：explosion proof变送器：transmitter变频器：frequency converter双金属温度计：bimetallic thermometer热电偶：thermocouple热电阻（RTD）: Resistive Thermal Detector保护套管：adapter pipe差压：differential pressure仪表盘：instrument panel电磁流量计：electromagnetism flowmeter密度计：densimeter电磁波：electromagnetic wave排放：sluice锅炉：boiler进线：incoming line母线：bus line（工作）变压器：（main）transformer直流：direct current手轮：hand wheel控制回路：control circuit减压阀：reducing valve二线制（三线制）：two wire system（three wire system）电磁制动：electromagnetic braking人机界面：human machine interface机组：machine shop端子排：group terminal block接地：connect to earth（earthing）屏蔽：screen（shield）自诊断：self diagnostics电池失效：battery’s out of work高（低）电平：high（low）level耦合：complex coupling电除尘器：electrostatic dust catcher闭锁：lock-out(closure)历史数据的存储和检索（HSR）: Saving and Retrieval of the History data消防：fire protection电磁干扰：electromagnet interference循环冗余校验（CRC）: cyclic redundancy checkout烟气脱硫: flue gas desulfurization脱硫岛:desulfurizing island环氧树脂:Epoxy resin化学耗氧量:chemic consumption of oxygen电导率:Conductance ratio破碎机:Crushing machine湿式球磨机: Wet ball crusher阻燃聚丙稀：Flame retarding polypropylene 水力漩流器：hydrocyclone真空皮带脱水机：Vacuum belt filter鳞片树脂内衬flake resinous liner硫化: sulfidation氧化风机:Oxidizing fan真空泵: Vacuum pump6KV 公用配电屏 6kv station board6KV配电屏 6kv unit boardZ型拉筋 zig-zag rod安培 A: ampere 氨 ammonia按钮 push button按钮 pushbutton按钮触点 push contact按时间顺序的 chronological半导体 semiconductor半径的、辐射状的 radial饱和水 saturated water保护和跳闸 protection and trip报警器 annunciator备用 back-up备用 provision备用 reserve比特、位 bit闭环 closed loop避雷器 surge diverter变电站 substation变送器 converter变送器 transmitter变压器 transformer并网 synchronization并行接口 parallel interface波特率 baud rate不导电的、绝缘的 dielectric不断电电源 Uninterruptible power supply(UPS)不连续的 discrete采样器 pick-ups操作机构 mechanism操作台 the front pedestal侧墙 side wall测试仪表 instrument叉型叶根 multifork root长久的 permanent长期停机 prolong outage厂环 plant-loop厂用变 unit transformer超导体 superconductor超高压 EHV :extra-high voltage成组的、成批的 batch持续时间 duration尺寸 dimension充电器 charger冲动式汽轮机 impulse turbine冲击耐受电压 impulse withstand voltage除盐水 demineralized water除氧器 deaeratorD.A传送、运输 transport串（行接）口 serial interface串行存取 serial access吹灰器 sootblower吹扫 blow/purge垂直的 Vertical磁场作用 the action of a magnetic field磁导率 permeability次烟煤 subbituminous枞树形叶根 fir-tree root错误检验和恢复 error checking and recovery 错误指示器 error detector大规模集成电路 large scale integrate circuit大修 overhaul单向流动 single-flow氮 nitrogen导纳 conductance导体 conductor导叶 Vane低压厂用变 sub-distribution transformer 低压缸 low pressure cylinder/casing(LP)点火 light/ignite点火器 igniter电厂 power plant电磁 Solenoid电导率 conductibility电动操纵的 motor-operated电动机控制中心 MMC: motor control center 电动机启动装置 motor starter电动液压的 electro-hydraulic电感电流 inductive current电抗 reactance电缆 cable电流互感器 CT :current transformer电气设备 electrical equipment/apparatus 电容 capacitance电容电流 capacitive current电容器 capacitor电枢 armature电网 grid电网 network电涡流式检测器 eddy current proximity detector电压互感器 PT: potential /voltage transformer电压转换器 electric pressure converter 电压自由触点 volt free contact电源 power supplies电站（水） power station电阻 resistance吊耳 lug调节、调制 Modulation调速器 governor调制解调 modulation-demodulation顶点 apex顶棚管 roof tube定位 orientation定子 stator定子机座 stator frame动稳定 dynamic stability动叶片 moving blades/ blading独立存在的 autonomous独立的 free standing端子、接线柱 instrument terminal端子箱、出线盒 terminal box断路器 circuit breaker锻造 casting 对称度 symmetry对流烟道 convection pass多功能处理器 Multi Function Process(MFP)多项式 order polynomial额定负荷 ECR:economic continuous rating二极管 diode二进制单元 binary cell二进制的 binary二进制计数器 binary counter发电机 generator发光二极管 LED反动式汽轮机 reaction turbine反馈 feed back反相显示 reverse video沸腾 boil分辨率 resolution分层（级）的 hierarchical分隔墙 division wall分接头 tap分接头绕组 tapping winding分散控制系统 distribute control system(DCS)分析基 air dry分压器 diverter粉状燃料 ground coal /pulverized fuel风道 duct风箱 wind box伏特 V: volt符号字符 character幅度 amplitude辅助的 auxiliary负压燃烧 suction firing附属部分 annex复制的、备用的 duplicate副励磁机 pilot exciter改造 alteration干式电缆 dry -core cable干燥基 dry感抗 inductance感应的 inductive高级的、先进的 sophisticated高压缸 high pressure cylinder/casing(HP)隔板 diaphragm隔间 bay隔离开关 disconnecter给煤机 coal feeder给煤机转速信号 feeder speed跟随 shadow工程单位 engineering unit工业分析 proximate analysis工业锅炉 industrial boiler公差 tolerance公用锅炉 utility boiler公用系统 common service system鼓风机 forced draft fan固定碳 fixed carbon关合电流 making current管板 tube sheet 管道 pipe管排 tube bundle管形的 tubular管子 tube管座 tube seat光电 photo-electric光洁度 finish硅 silicon锅炉 boiler/steam generator锅炉自动控制 Automatic Boiler Controls 过程处理单元 Process Control Unit (PCU)过冷水 subcooled water过量空气 excess air过热器 superheater毫伏 millivolt褐煤 brown coal/lignite横向的 transverse后端、末端 rear end户内的 indoor滑环 Slipping化石燃料 fossil fuel还原气氛 reducing condition/atmosphere 环状的 annular灰分 ash挥发分 volatile机柜 cubical机座 frame级间漏汽 interstage leakage集控室 central control room (CCR)记录、日志 log架空的 overhead架空输电线 overhead transmission line间隙 clearance兼容性、相容性 compatibility监测 monitoring监督管理 supervise监控方式 monitor mode监控器 monitor/monitor unit减温器 Attemperator检验 calibration交流电 alternating current接口 interface节点 node截止阀 stop/emergency valve紧急的应力 emergency stress经由 Via静叶片 stationary blades/ blading绝缘 galvanic isolation绝缘子 insulator开断 interruption开断电流 breaking current开关 switcher开关柜 switch cabinet开关柜 Switchgear开关组 switch block开环 open loop开环 open-cycle可编程逻辑控制器 programmable logic controller(PLC)可编程只读存储器 programmable read only memory(PROM)可靠性 reliability可燃基 dry and ash free可视通讯 visual communication 空气断路器 air circuit breaker空气绝缘的 air-insulated空气预热器 air preheater控制按钮 control button(knob)控制精度 control accuracy控制屏 the operations panel控制器 controller控制室 the control room控制台 control console(desk)控制线圈 search coil控制仪表系统 control and instrumentation(C&I)控制作用 control action浪涌 surge冷端补偿 cold junction compensation励磁 excite励磁机 exciter例外报告 exception report联氨 hydrazine联锁 interlock联锁触点 interlocking contact联锁开关系统 interlocking switch system 联锁信号 interlocking signal联箱 header联轴器 coupling裂纹 crack/cracking临界压力 critical pressure令牌 token流量 flow rate流量计 flow meter硫 sulfur/sulphur六氟化硫 sulphur hexa fluoride露点 the dew point temperature炉膛 furnace螺钉 screw毛胚 blank毛胚 roll媒介、介质 medium煤 coal煤粉燃烧器 PF burner/pulverized fuel burner 密度热电阻 density RTD灭弧 quench模块 workhouse模拟量 analogue模拟图 Mimic模拟子模块 ASM模数转换 Analogue to Digital conversion膜式壁 membrane panel/wall磨煤机 pulverizer/mill母线 busbar/bus内部的 internally内缸 inner casing能共存的、兼容的 compatible能量管接头 energy stud/stub凝结 condensate欧姆 ohm排污管 blowdown pipe盘车装置 turning gear配电 distribution配电盘、屏、板 panel膨胀 expansion疲劳、软化 fatigue 偏心度 eccentricity平方根 square root平面 plane平直度 alignment齐纳二极管 Zener diode启备变 start up/standby transformer /启动 start up启动控制阀 pneumatic pilot valve气态 gaseous汽包 steam drum汽封片 gland segment/packing汽缸 cylinder汽机监视仪表 turbine supervisory instrument(TIS)汽轮机 turbine汽泡户外的 bubble outdoor汽水混合物 steam-water -mixture千伏 kilo-volt前后墙 front/rear wall /强迫循环 forced/pumped circulation切除、切断、脱扣 trip氢 hydrogen求出的数量 evaluate全功能组件 complete functional set全貌、总的看法 overview燃料烟道 fuel /flue /燃烧器 burner扰动 intervetion/disturbing/bump绕组 winding热电厂 thermal power plant热电偶 thermocouple热电偶 thermocouple热工仪表 thermodynamic instrumentation 热量加热 heat /热效率 thermal efficiency热应力分析 thermal stress analysis容量 capacity熔断 blow熔断器 fuse冗余测试 redundancy testing冗余的 redundancy冗余位 redundancy bit蠕变 creep散热片 cooling fin上半部 the top half蛇形管 serpentine tube设备、工具 facility省煤器 economizer湿蒸汽 wet-steam十二进制 duodecimal十进制的 decimal十六进制 hexadecimal石油 oil使分流 shunt使完整 integration视频 visual frequency视像扫描器 visual scanner试运行 Commission试运行 commissioning operation疏水 Drain疏水管 drain pipe树脂浇注变压器 cast resin transformer 数字显示 digit display数字信号 digit signal 双层缸结构 double shell structure 双列端子排 two-tier terminals双向流动 double-flow双重的固态 dual solid水 water水电站 hydraulic power plant水分 moisture水冷壁 furnace tube水平的 horizontal水平接合面 the horizontal joint 水位 water level水位计 gauge glass水压实验 hydrostatic test水蒸气 steam/water vapor酸洗 acid cleaning算法 algorithms榫头 tenon探针 probe碳 carbon天然气 natural gas条形 bar条形图 bargraph铁素体 mill铁芯 core停机 shut down停运 outage通道、信道 channel同类的 peer推力轴承 thrust bearing瓦特 W: watt外缸 outer casing网络接口子模块 INNIS微型调速器 microgovernor围带 shroud/shrouding温度 temperature文件缓冲器 archive buffer稳定性 stabilization稳态 steady-state无烟煤 anthracite物品、元件 item误差率 error rate误动作 malfunction熄灭、灭火 extinction铣制 forging系统 scheme: system下半部 the bottom half线圈 coil线性差动变压器 linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)线性化 linearization相变 phase change相互 interconnection相互隔离 isolate相同的 Uniform :the same消耗 consumption销钉 dowel协调的 harmonious协调控制系统 coordination controlsystem(CCS)信号调节 signal conditioning星型 palm terminal星型连接 connected in star形凹槽 notch V压力 pressure压力表 pressure meter 烟道 flue烟煤 bituminous烟气 flue gas烟气热风器 gas air header氧 oxygen氧化气氛 oxidized condition/atmosphere 叶顶 tip叶根 root叶轮 impeller/wheel/disk液态 liquid一氧化碳 monoxide一组 suite仪表量程 instrument range仪表灵敏度 instrument sensitivity仪表校正 instrument correction仪器盘 instrument board仪器仪表板 facia/fascia引风机 induced draft fan应用基 as received永久磁铁 permanent magnet油浸式电缆 oiled-cable油枕 expansion tank有载调压的 load tap-changing元素分析 ultimate analysis原煤斗 coal bunker圆形的 circular圆柱形的 cylindrical圆锥形的 conical运行操作 operation /运行工况 operation condition再热器 reheater兆伏安 MVA: mega volt-ampere真空断路器 vacuum contactor振动 Vibration蒸发 evaporate蒸汽热风器 steam air header整流 rectify正压燃烧 pressure firing支持轴承 journal bearing执行机构 actuator直观显示元件 visual display unit (VDU)直观显示终端 visual (inquiry)display terminal直流电阻 D.C. resistance质量 quality中心度、同心度 concentricity中心线 centerline中性点 neutral point中压缸 intermediate pressurecylinder/casing(IP)终端、端子 terminal终端设备 terminal device重力 gravity周围的 circumferential轴 shaft轴承座 bearing house轴承座 pedestal轴承座 pedestal轴环 collar 轴瓦 bearing pad轴向的 axial主变 generator transformer主要辅机 major pant item主蒸汽 live steam煮炉 Boil out铸造 governing valve转存 dump转换开关 inverter转接器、接头、 adapter转子 Rotor转子 rotor锥体 cone锥体 pyramid子模块 slave module子系统 sub system自动控制系统 automatic control system 自然循环 natural/thermal circulation 总线接口模块 bus interface module(BIM)纵向的 longitudinal阻波器 trap组态 configure最新发展水平的 state-of the-art最优控制 optimum control6KV 公用配电屏 6kv station board6KV配电屏 6kv unit boardZ型拉筋 zig-zag rod安培 A: ampere氨 ammonia按钮 push button按钮 pushbutton按钮触点 push contact按时间顺序的 chronological半导体 semiconductor半径的、辐射状的 radial饱和水 saturated water保护和跳闸 protection and trip 报警器 annunciator备用 back-up备用 provision备用 reserve比特、位 bit闭环 closed loop避雷器 surge diverter变电站 substation变送器 converter变送器 transmitter变压器 transformer并网 synchronization并行接口 parallel interface波特率 baud rate不导电的、绝缘的 dielectric不断电电源 Uninterruptible power supply(UPS)不连续的 discrete 采样器 pick-ups操作机构 mechanism操作台 the front pedestal更多分类词汇请访问侧墙 side wall测试仪表 instrument叉型叶根 multifork root长久的 permanent长期停机 prolong outage厂环 plant-loop厂用变 unit transformer超导体 superconductor超高压 EHV :extra-high voltage成组的、成批的 batch持续时间 duration尺寸 dimension充电器 charger冲动式汽轮机 impulse turbine冲击耐受电压 impulse withstand voltage 除盐水 demineralized water除氧器 deaeratorD.A传送、运输 transport串（行接）口 serial interface串行存取 serial access吹灰器 sootblower吹扫 blow/purge垂直的 Vertical磁场作用 the action of a magnetic field 磁导率 permeability次烟煤 subbituminous枞树形叶根 fir-tree root错误检验和恢复 error checking and recovery 错误指示器 error detector大规模集成电路 large scale integratecircuit大修 overhaul单向流动 single-flow氮 nitrogen导纳 conductance导体 conductor导叶 Vane低压厂用变 sub-distribution transformer低压缸 low pressure cylinder/casing(LP)点火 light/ignite点火器 igniter电厂 power plant电磁 Solenoid电导率 conductibility电动操纵的 motor-operated电动机控制中心 MMC: motor control center 电动机启动装置 motor starter电动液压的 electro-hydraulic电感电流 inductive current电抗 reactance电缆 cable电流互感器 CT :current transformer电气设备 electrical equipment/apparatus 电容 capacitance电容电流 capacitive current电容器 capacitor电枢 armature电网 grid电网 network电涡流式检测器 eddy current proximity detector电压互感器 PT: potential /voltage transformer电压转换器 electric pressure converter 电压自由触点 volt free contact电源 power supplies电站（水） power station电阻 resistance吊耳 lug调节、调制 Modulation调速器 governor调制解调 modulation-demodulation顶点 apex顶棚管 roof tube定位 orientation定子 stator定子机座 stator frame动稳定 dynamic stability动叶片 moving blades/ blading独立存在的 autonomous独立的 free standing端子、接线柱 instrument terminal端子箱、出线盒 terminal box断路器 circuit breaker锻造 casting对称度 symmetry对流烟道 convection pass多功能处理器 Multi Function Process(MFP) 多项式 order polynomial额定负荷 ECR:economic continuous rating 二极管 diode二进制单元 binary cell二进制的 binary二进制计数器 binary counter发电机 generator发光二极管 LED反动式汽轮机 reaction turbine反馈 feed back反相显示 reverse video沸腾 boil分辨率 resolution分层（级）的 hierarchical分隔墙 division wall分接头 tap分接头绕组 tapping winding 分散控制系统 distribute control system(DCS) 分析基 air dry分压器 diverter粉状燃料 ground coal /pulverized fuel风道 duct风箱 wind box伏特 V: volt符号字符 character幅度 amplitude辅助的 auxiliary负压燃烧 suction firing附属部分 annex复制的、备用的 duplicate副励磁机 pilot exciter改造 alteration干式电缆 dry -core cable干燥基 dry感抗 inductance感应的 inductive高级的、先进的 sophisticated高压缸 high pressure cylinder/casing(HP)隔板 diaphragm隔间 bay隔离开关 disconnecter给煤机 coal feeder给煤机转速信号 feeder speed跟随 shadow工程单位 engineering unit工业分析 proximate analysis工业锅炉 industrial boiler公差 tolerance公用锅炉 utility boiler公用系统 common s控制作用 control action浪涌 surge冷端补偿 cold junction compensation励磁 excite励磁机 exciter例外报告 exception report联氨 hydrazine联锁 interlock联锁触点 interlocking contact联锁开关系统 interlocking switch system 联锁信号 interlocking signal联箱 header联轴器 coupling裂纹 crack/cracking临界压力 critical pressure令牌 token流量 flow rate流量计 flow meter硫 sulfur/sulphur六氟化硫 sulphur hexa fluoride露点 the dew point temperature炉膛 furnace螺钉 screw毛胚 blank毛胚 roll媒介、介质 medium 煤 coal煤粉燃烧器 PF burner/pulverized fuel burner 密度热电阻 density RTD灭弧 quench模块 workhouse模拟量 analogue模拟图 Mimic模拟子模块 ASM模数转换 Analogue to Digital conversion膜式壁 membrane panel/wall磨煤机 pulverizer/mill母线 busbar/bus内部的 internally内缸 inner casing能共存的、兼容的 compatible能量管接头 energy stud/stub凝结 condensate欧姆 ohm排污管 blowdown pipe盘车装置 turning gear配电 distribution配电盘、屏、板 panel膨胀 expansion疲劳、软化 fatigue偏心度 eccentricity平方根 square root平面 plane平直度 alignment齐纳二极管 Zener diode启备变 start up/standby transformer /启动 start up启动控制阀 pneumatic pilot valve气态 gaseous汽包 steam drum汽封片 gland segment/packing汽缸 cylinder汽机监视仪表 turbine supervisory instrument(TIS)汽轮机 turbine汽泡户外的 bubble outdoor汽水混合物 steam-water -mixture千伏 kilo-volt前后墙 front/rear wall /强迫循环 forced/pumped circulation切除、切断、脱扣 trip氢 hydrogen求出的数量 evaluate全功能组件 complete functional set全貌、总的看法 overview燃料烟道 fuel /flue /燃烧器 burner扰动 intervetion/disturbing/bump绕组 winding热电厂 thermal power plant热电偶 thermocouple热电偶 thermocouple热工仪表 thermodynamic instrumentation 热量加热 heat /热效率 thermal efficiency热应力分析 thermal stress analysis 容量 capacity熔断 blow熔断器 fuse冗余测试 redundancy testing冗余的 redundancy冗余位 redundancy bit蠕变 creep散热片 cooling fin上半部 the top half蛇形管 serpentine tube设备、工具 facility省煤器 economizer湿蒸汽 wet-steam十二进制 duodecimal十进制的 decimal十六进制 hexadecimal使分流 shunt使完整 integration视频 visual frequency视像扫描器 visual scanner试运行 Commission试运行 commissioning operation疏水 Drain疏水管 drain pipe树脂浇注变压器 cast resin transformer 数字显示 digit display数字信号 digit signal双层缸结构 double shell structure双列端子排 two-tier terminals双向流动 double-flow双重的固态 dual solid水 water水电站 hydraulic power plant水分 moisture水冷壁 furnace tube水平的 horizontal水平接合面 the horizontal joint 水位 water level水位计 gauge glass水压实验 hydrostatic test水蒸气 steam/water vapor酸洗 acid cleaning算法 algorithms榫头 tenon探针 probe碳 carbon天然气 natural gas条形 bar条形图 bargraph铁素体 mill铁芯 core停机 shut down停运 outage通道、信道 channel同类的 peer推力轴承 thrust bearing瓦特 W: watt外缸 outer casing网络接口子模块 INNIS微型调速器 microgovernor围带 shroud/shrouding温度 temperature文件缓冲器 archive buffer稳定性 stabilization稳态 steady-state无烟煤 anthracite物品、元件 item误差率 error rate 误动作 malfunction熄灭、灭火 extinction铣制 forging系统 scheme: system下半部 the bottom half线圈 coil线性差动变压器 linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)线性化 linearization相变 phase change相互 interconnection相互隔离 isolate相同的 Uniform :the same消耗 consumption销钉 dowel协调的 harmonious协调控制系统 coordination controlsystem(CCS)信号调节 signal conditioning星型 palm terminal星型连接 connected in star形凹槽 notch V压力 pressure压力表 pressure meter烟道 flue烟煤 bituminous烟气 flue gas烟气热风器 gas air header氧 oxygen氧化。

Oxymax W COS41 溶解氧传感器说明书

Oxymax W COS41 溶解氧传感器说明书

Brief Operating InstructionsOxymax W COS41Dissolved oxygen sensorThese instructions are Brief Operating Instructions.For detailed information, please read the Operating Instructions and the special instructions on the supplied CD-ROM.The complete device documentation comprises:•these Brief Operating Instructions•the Operating Instructions on the supplied CD-ROM•if necessary, certificates and calibration protocols (acc. to the version).KA284C/07/en/06.0571002048Table of contents Oxymax W COS41 Table of contents1 Safety instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 Designated use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 Installation, commissioning and operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 Operational safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 Installation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 Installation instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.3 Installation examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.4 Post installation check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.1 Direct connection to the transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.2 Connection via junction box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Commissioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.1 Function check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.2 Polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Safety instructions1.1Designated useThe oxygen sensor is suitable for continuous measurement of dissolved oxygen in water.Typical applications are:•Measuring, monitoring and regulating the oxygen content in activated sludge basins.•Monitoring the oxygen content in the sewage treatment plant outlet.•Monitoring, measuring and regulating the oxygen content in public waters and fish farming water.•Monitoring of oxygen enrichment in drinking water.Any other use than the one described here compromises the safety of persons and the entire measuring system and is, therefore, not permitted.The manufacturer is not liable for damage caused by improper or non-designated use.1.2Installation, commissioning and operation•The device/measuring system may only be installed, connected, operated and maintained by trained technical personnel (e.g. certified electrician). The technical personnel must strictlyadhere to the Operating Instructions, prevailing standards, legal regulations and certificates(depending on application).•If the Brief Operating Instructions do not provide sufficient information, you must read theOperating Instructions. There, you can find detailed information on the device.2Endress+HauserOxymax W COS41InstallationEndress+Hauser 3•The operator may only perform modifications and repairs of the device/measuring system that are explicitly permitted in the Operating Instructions.•Do not operate damaged products and secure them against unintentional commissioning. Mark the damaged product as being defective.•If faults can not be rectified, the products must be taken out of service and secured against unintentional commissioning.1.3Operational safetyThe sensor has been designed and tested according to the state of the art and left the factory in perfect functioning order.Relevant regulations and European standards have been met.As the user, you are responsible for complying with the following safety conditions: •Installation instructions•Local prevailing standards and regulations."Caution!Pay attention to the technical data on the name plate!2Installation2.1Installation conditions2.1.1OrientationOther angles are not permitted. Do not install the sensor overhead.Fig. 1: Angle of installation ARecommended angle of installation: 0 ... 180 °Installation Oxymax W COS414Endress+Hauser2.1.2Mounting location•Select the installation location so that there is easy access for later calibration.•Make sure that upright posts and assemblies are secured safely and vibration-free.•For immersed operation in an activated sludge basin, select an installation location which produces a typical oxygen concentration.2.2Installation instructions2.2.1Installing a measuring point!Note!For immersed operation, install the individual modules away from the basin on a solid base. Only carry out the final installation at the intended installation location.For a complete installation of a measuring point, proceed as follows:1.Install a retractable or a flow assembly (if used) into the process.2.Connect the water supply to the rinse connections (if you use an assembly with cleaning function).3.Install and connect the oxygen sensor.4.Install an immersion or an suspension assembly (if used) into the process."Caution!•For immersed operation, the sensor must be installed in an immersion assembly (e.g. CYA611). Do not install the sensor suspended from the cable.•Screw the sensor into the assembly so that the cable is not twisted.•Avoid exerting excessive tensile force on the cable (e.g. from jerky pulling).•Select the installation location so that there is easy access for later calibration.#Warning!When using metallic assemblies and installation equipment, comply with national grounding regulations.Oxymax W COS41InstallationEndress+Hauser 52.3Installation examples2.3.1Immersion operationUniversal assembly holder and chain assemblyFig. 2: CYH101 with immersible pendulum assembly 1Weather protection cover2Upright post, square pipe SS AISI 3043Transverse pipe SS AISI 3044Star handle5Second fixing possibility for transverse pipe 6Immersion assembly CYA 611Fig. 3: Immersion assembly CYA 6111Protection cap2Worm drive hose clip3Pipe clips (detailed drawing in right half)4PVC pipe5Threaded couplingInstallation Oxymax W COS41 Universal assembly holder and fixed immersion assemblyFig. 4: Universal suspension assembly holder CYH101 with immersion assembly CYY1051Star handle2Pipe holder3Fixing bracket4Immersion assembly (= immersion tube)6Endress+HauserOxymax W COS41InstallationEndress+Hauser 7Basin rim mounting with immersion tubeFloating bodyFig. 5: Horizontal basin rim mounting 1Protection cover for cable entry 2Assembly holder3Immersion assembly SS 1.4301 (AISI 304)Fig. 6: Vertical basin rim mounting 4Basin rim mounting 5Star handleFig. 7: Floating body1234567Cable route with strain relief and rain protection Mounting ring for ropes and chains with locking screwLugs Ø15, 3 x 120 ° for anchoring Saltwater-resistant plastic floatPipe 40x1, stainless steel 1.4571 (AISI 316Ti)Shock absorber and weight Oxygen sensorInstallation Oxymax W COS418Endress+Hauser2.3.2Flow assembly2.4Post installation check•Check the membrane for leak tightness und replace it if necessary.•Sensor and cable undamaged?•Compliance with permissible sensor installation position?•Is the sensor installed in an assembly and is not suspended from the cable?•Avoid moisture by rain by fitting the protective cap to the immersion assembly?Fig. 8: Flow assembly COA250-B 1Screw-in part for sensor 2Screw ring 3Meter body4Connection thread G¾5Dummy plug (connection for spray head COR3)Fig. 9: Bypass installation1Main line 2Medium return 3Oxygen sensor4, 7Manually actuated or solenoid valves 5Flow assembly COA250-B 690 ° pipe bracket 8Medium removalOxymax W COS41WiringEndress+Hauser 93Wiring#Warning!•The electrical connection must only be carried out by a certified electrician.•Technical personnel must have read and understood the instructions in this manual and must adhere to them.•Ensure that there is no voltage at the power cable before beginning the connection work.3.1Direct connection to the transmitterThe sensor is connected using a special measuring cable (→å 10). The wiring diagram is contained in the Operating Instructions of the COM223/253-DX/DS transmitter.!Note!The interior white and yellow pilot wires have no function.Fig. 10: Special measuring cable CYK 71Terminal S 12909111AssignmentOuter shieldActive inner shield (NTC)Cathode AnodeNTC temperature sensorWiring Oxymax W COS413.2Connection via junction boxTo lengthen the sensor connection beyond the length of the fixed cable, you require a junction box VBM. The connection is lengthened to the transmitter using the special measuring cable CYK71.Fig. 11: Connection via junction box VBM1Sensor2Junction box3Extension cable4Transmitter10Endress+HauserOxymax W COS41CommissioningEndress+Hauser 114Commissioning 4.1Function checkBefore first commissioning, check if:•the sensor is correctly installed•the electrical connection is correct.If using an assembly with automatic cleaning, check the correct water connection at theassembly rinse connection.#Warning!Danger of medium leaking offBefore applying compressed air to an assembly with cleaning facility, make sure the connections are correctly fitted. Otherwise, the assembly may not be insert into the process.4.2PolarizationThe sensor was tested in the factory for perfect functionality and is supplied ready for operation.To prepare for calibration, proceed as follows:1.Remove the sensor protective cap.2.Place the externally dry sensor in atmospheric air. The air should be saturated with watervapour. Therefore, install the sensor as close to the water surface as possible. Whencalibrating the sensor membrane, make sure the membrane remains dry. Therefore, avoidany direct contact with the water surface.3.Connect the sensor to the transmitter and switch on the transmitter.4.Switch-on the transmitter.If you connect the sensor to the transmitter Liquisys M COM223/253, polarisation isautomatically performed after switching on the transmitter.5.The polarisation time takes about 1 hour.!Note! Polarisation starts high, then drops gradually. You will recognise the end of polarisation when the display stabilises and remains practically constant."Caution!•When you remove the sensor from the medium, protect the sensor from strong sunlight.•Make sure you comply with the instructions for commissioning and calibration in theOperating Instructions of the transmitter.4.3CalibrationCalibrate the sensor (calibration type "Air") immediately after it’s polarization.1.Remove the sensor from the medium.2.Clean the outside of the sensor with a damp cloth. Then dry the sensor membrane e.g.by using a tissue.3.If the sensor is removed from a closed pressure system with a process pressure greaterthan atmospheric pressure:–Open the membrane cap to equilibrate the pressure and clean the cap if necessary.–Replace the electrolyte filling and close the membrane cap again.–Wait for the polarisation time to end.4.Then wait while the sensor adjusts to the temperature of the ambient air. This takesabout 20 minutes. Check that the sensor is not in direct sunlight during this time.5.If the measured value display on the transmitter is stable, carry out the calibration inaccordance with the Operating Instructions of the transmitter.6.Place the sensor in the medium again.!Note!Make sure you comply with the instructions for calibration in the Operating Instructions of the transmitter./worldwideKA284C/07/en/06.05Printed in Germany / FM+SGML 6.0 /DT71002048。

电气专业英语

发电厂：power plant组态：configuration补偿电缆：building out cable电缆敷设：cable laying热继电器：thermorelay配电：distribution就地：on-site电磁阀：electro valve铠装电缆：armored cable校验：checkout冗余：redundancy熔断器：fusible cutout固态电路：solid-state circuit电缆桥架：cable crane span structure分散控制系统DCS：Distributed Control System 数据采集系统（DAS）：Data Acquisition System 模拟量控制系统（MCS）：Mimesis Control System 顺序控制系统（SCS）：Sequences Control System 操作员站（OS）：operator station工程师站（ES）: engineer station盘、箱、柜、台：panel、box、cabinet、board 联锁：interlock可编程控制器（PLC）：programmable logic controller施工图：execution drawing竣工图：completion drawing防爆：explosion proof变送器：transmitter变频器：frequency converter双金属温度计：bimetallic thermometer热电偶：thermocouple热电阻（RTD）: Resistive Thermal Detector 保护套管：adapter pipe差压：differential pressure仪表盘：instrument panel电磁流量计：electromagnetism flowmeter密度计：densimeter电磁波：electromagnetic wave排放：sluice锅炉：boiler进线：incoming line母线：bus line（工作）变压器：（main）transformer直流：direct current手轮：hand wheel控制回路：control circuit减压阀：reducing valve二线制（三线制）：two wire system（three wire system）电磁制动：electromagnetic braking人机界面：human machine interface机组：machine shop端子排：group terminal block接地：connect to earth（earthing）屏蔽：screen（shield）自诊断：self diagnostics电池失效：battery’s out of work高（低）电平：high（low）level耦合：complex coupling电除尘器：electrostatic dust catcher闭锁：lock-out(closure)历史数据的存储和检索（HSR）: Saving and Retrieval of the History data消防：fire protection电磁干扰：electromagnet interference循环冗余校验（CRC）: cyclic redundancy checkout烟气脱硫: flue gas desulfurization脱硫岛:desulfurizing island环氧树脂:Epoxy resin化学耗氧量:chemic consumption of oxygen电导率:Conductance ratio破碎机:Crushing machine湿式球磨机: Wet ball crusher阻燃聚丙稀：Flame retarding polypropylene 水力漩流器：hydrocyclone真空皮带脱水机：Vacuum belt filter鳞片树脂内衬flake resinous liner硫化: sulfidation氧化风机:Oxidizing fan真空泵: Vacuum pump6KV 公用配电屏 6kv station board6KV配电屏 6kv unit boardZ型拉筋 zig-zag rod安培 A: ampere氨 ammonia按钮 push button按钮 pushbutton按钮触点 push contact按时间顺序的 chronological半导体 semiconductor半径的、辐射状的 radial饱和水 saturated water保护和跳闸 protection and trip报警器 annunciator备用 back-up备用 provision备用 reserve比特、位 bit闭环 closed loop避雷器 surge diverter变电站 substation变送器 converter变送器 transmitter变压器 transformer并网 synchronization并行接口 parallel interface波特率 baud rate不导电的、绝缘的 dielectric不断电电源 Uninterruptible power supply(UPS) 不连续的 discrete采样器 pick-ups操作机构 mechanism操作台 the front pedestal侧墙 side wall测试仪表 instrument叉型叶根 multifork root长久的 permanent长期停机 prolong outage厂环 plant-loop厂用变 unit transformer超导体 superconductor超高压 EHV :extra-high voltage成组的、成批的 batch持续时间 duration尺寸 dimension充电器 charger冲动式汽轮机 impulse turbine冲击耐受电压 impulse withstand voltage除盐水 demineralized water除氧器 deaeratorD.A传送、运输 transport串（行接）口 serial interface串行存取 serial access吹灰器 sootblower吹扫 blow/purge垂直的 Vertical磁场作用 the action of a magnetic field磁导率 permeability次烟煤 subbituminous枞树形叶根 fir-tree root错误检验和恢复 error checking and recovery 错误指示器 error detector大规模集成电路 large scale integrate circuit 大修 overhaul单向流动 single-flow氮 nitrogen导纳 conductance导体 conductor导叶 Vane低压厂用变 sub-distribution transformer低压缸 low pressure cylinder/casing(LP)点火 light/ignite点火器 igniter电厂 power plant电磁 Solenoid电导率 conductibility电动操纵的 motor-operated电动机控制中心 MMC: motor control center电动机启动装置 motor starter电动液压的 electro-hydraulic电感电流 inductive current电抗 reactance电缆 cable电流互感器 CT :current transformer电气设备 electrical equipment/apparatus电容 capacitance电容电流 capacitive current电容器 capacitor电枢 armature电网 grid电网 network电涡流式检测器eddy current proximity detector电压互感器PT: potential /voltage transformer电压转换器 electric pressure converter电压自由触点 volt free contact电源 power supplies电站（水） power station电阻 resistance吊耳 lug调节、调制 Modulation调速器 governor调制解调 modulation-demodulation顶点 apex顶棚管 roof tube定位 orientation定子 stator定子机座 stator frame动稳定 dynamic stability动叶片 moving blades/ blading独立存在的 autonomous独立的 free standing端子、接线柱 instrument terminal端子箱、出线盒 terminal box断路器 circuit breaker锻造 casting对称度 symmetry对流烟道 convection pass多功能处理器 Multi Function Process(MFP)多项式 order polynomial额定负荷 ECR:economic continuous rating二极管 diode二进制单元 binary cell二进制的 binary二进制计数器 binary counter发电机 generator发光二极管 LED反动式汽轮机 reaction turbine反馈 feed back反相显示 reverse video沸腾 boil分辨率 resolution分层（级）的 hierarchical分隔墙 division wall分接头 tap分接头绕组 tapping winding分散控制系统 distribute control system(DCS) 分析基 air dry分压器 diverter粉状燃料 ground coal /pulverized fuel风道 duct风箱 wind box伏特 V: volt符号字符 character幅度 amplitude辅助的 auxiliary负压燃烧 suction firing附属部分 annex复制的、备用的 duplicate副励磁机 pilot exciter改造 alteration干式电缆 dry -core cable干燥基 dry感抗 inductance感应的 inductive高级的、先进的 sophisticated高压缸 high pressure cylinder/casing(HP)隔板 diaphragm 隔间 bay隔离开关 disconnecter给煤机 coal feeder给煤机转速信号 feeder speed跟随 shadow工程单位 engineering unit工业分析 proximate analysis工业锅炉 industrial boiler公差 tolerance公用锅炉 utility boiler公用系统 common service system鼓风机 forced draft fan固定碳 fixed carbon关合电流 making current管板 tube sheet管道 pipe管排 tube bundle管形的 tubular管子 tube管座 tube seat光电 photo-electric光洁度 finish硅 silicon锅炉 boiler/steam generator锅炉自动控制 Automatic Boiler Controls 过程处理单元 Process Control Unit (PCU) 过冷水 subcooled water过量空气 excess air过热器 superheater毫伏 millivolt褐煤 brown coal/lignite横向的 transverse后端、末端 rear end户内的 indoor滑环 Slipping化石燃料 fossil fuel还原气氛 reducing condition/atmosphere 环状的 annular灰分 ash挥发分 volatile机柜 cubical机座 frame级间漏汽 interstage leakage集控室 central control room (CCR)记录、日志 log架空的 overhead架空输电线 overhead transmission line 间隙 clearance兼容性、相容性 compatibility监测 monitoring监督管理 supervise监控方式 monitor mode监控器 monitor/monitor unit减温器 Attemperator检验 calibration交流电 alternating current接口 interface节点 node截止阀 stop/emergency valve紧急的应力 emergency stress经由 Via静叶片 stationary blades/ blading绝缘 galvanic isolation绝缘子 insulator开断 interruption开断电流 breaking current开关 switcher开关柜 switch cabinet开关柜 Switchgear开关组 switch block开环 open loop开环 open-cycle可编程逻辑控制器programmable logic controller(PLC)可编程只读存储器programmable read only memory(PROM)可靠性 reliability可燃基 dry and ash free可视通讯 visual communication空气断路器 air circuit breaker空气绝缘的 air-insulated空气预热器 air preheater控制按钮 control button(knob)控制精度 control accuracy控制屏 the operations panel控制器 controller控制室 the control room控制台 control console(desk)控制线圈 search coil控制仪表系统control and instrumentation(C&I)控制作用 control action浪涌 surge冷端补偿 cold junction compensation励磁 excite励磁机 exciter 例外报告 exception report联氨 hydrazine联锁 interlock联锁触点 interlocking contact联锁开关系统 interlocking switch system联锁信号 interlocking signal联箱 header联轴器 coupling裂纹 crack/cracking临界压力 critical pressure令牌 token流量 flow rate流量计 flow meter硫 sulfur/sulphur六氟化硫 sulphur hexa fluoride露点 the dew point temperature炉膛 furnace螺钉 screw毛胚 blank毛胚 roll媒介、介质 medium煤 coal煤粉燃烧器 PF burner/pulverized fuel burner 密度热电阻 density RTD灭弧 quench模块 workhouse模拟量 analogue模拟图 Mimic模拟子模块 ASM模数转换 Analogue to Digital conversion膜式壁 membrane panel/wall磨煤机 pulverizer/mill母线 busbar/bus内部的 internally内缸 inner casing能共存的、兼容的 compatible能量管接头 energy stud/stub凝结 condensate欧姆 ohm排污管 blowdown pipe盘车装置 turning gear配电 distribution配电盘、屏、板 panel膨胀 expansion疲劳、软化 fatigue偏心度 eccentricity平方根 square root平面 plane平直度 alignment齐纳二极管 Zener diode启备变 start up/standby transformer /启动 start up启动控制阀 pneumatic pilot valve气态 gaseous汽包 steam drum汽封片 gland segment/packing汽缸 cylinder汽机监视仪表turbine supervisory instrument(TIS)汽轮机 turbine汽泡户外的 bubble outdoor汽水混合物 steam-water -mixture千伏 kilo-volt前后墙 front/rear wall /强迫循环 forced/pumped circulation切除、切断、脱扣 trip氢 hydrogen求出的数量 evaluate全功能组件 complete functional set全貌、总的看法 overview燃料烟道 fuel /flue /燃烧器 burner扰动 intervetion/disturbing/bump绕组 winding热电厂 thermal power plant热电偶 thermocouple热电偶 thermocouple热工仪表 thermodynamic instrumentation热量加热 heat /热效率 thermal efficiency热应力分析 thermal stress analysis容量 capacity熔断 blow熔断器 fuse冗余测试 redundancy testing冗余的 redundancy冗余位 redundancy bit蠕变 creep散热片 cooling fin上半部 the top half蛇形管 serpentine tube设备、工具 facility省煤器 economizer湿蒸汽 wet-steam十二进制 duodecimal十进制的 decimal 十六进制 hexadecimal石油 oil使分流 shunt使完整 integration视频 visual frequency视像扫描器 visual scanner试运行 Commission试运行 commissioning operation疏水 Drain疏水管 drain pipe树脂浇注变压器 cast resin transformer 数字显示 digit display数字信号 digit signal双层缸结构 double shell structure双列端子排 two-tier terminals双向流动 double-flow双重的固态 dual solid水 water水电站 hydraulic power plant水分 moisture水冷壁 furnace tube水平的 horizontal水平接合面 the horizontal joint水位 water level水位计 gauge glass水压实验 hydrostatic test水蒸气 steam/water vapor酸洗 acid cleaning算法 algorithms榫头 tenon探针 probe碳 carbon天然气 natural gas条形 bar条形图 bargraph铁素体 mill铁芯 core停机 shut down停运 outage通道、信道 channel同类的 peer推力轴承 thrust bearing瓦特 W: watt外缸 outer casing网络接口子模块 INNIS微型调速器 microgovernor围带 shroud/shrouding温度 temperature文件缓冲器 archive buffer稳定性 stabilization稳态 steady-state无烟煤 anthracite物品、元件 item误差率 error rate误动作 malfunction熄灭、灭火 extinction铣制 forging系统 scheme: system下半部 the bottom half线圈 coil线性差动变压器 linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)线性化 linearization相变 phase change相互 interconnection相互隔离 isolate相同的 Uniform :the same消耗 consumption销钉 dowel协调的 harmonious协调控制系统coordination control system(CCS)信号调节 signal conditioning星型 palm terminal星型连接 connected in star形凹槽 notch V压力 pressure压力表 pressure meter烟道 flue烟煤 bituminous烟气 flue gas烟气热风器 gas air header氧 oxygen氧化气氛 oxidized condition/atmosphere叶顶 tip叶根 root叶轮 impeller/wheel/disk液态 liquid一氧化碳 monoxide一组 suite仪表量程 instrument range仪表灵敏度 instrument sensitivity仪表校正 instrument correction仪器盘 instrument board仪器仪表板 facia/fascia引风机 induced draft fan 应用基 as received永久磁铁 permanent magnet油浸式电缆 oiled-cable油枕 expansion tank有载调压的 load tap-changing元素分析 ultimate analysis原煤斗 coal bunker圆形的 circular圆柱形的 cylindrical圆锥形的 conical运行操作 operation /运行工况 operation condition再热器 reheater兆伏安 MVA: mega volt-ampere真空断路器 vacuum contactor振动 Vibration蒸发 evaporate蒸汽热风器 steam air header整流 rectify正压燃烧 pressure firing支持轴承 journal bearing执行机构 actuator直观显示元件 visual display unit (VDU)直观显示终端visual (inquiry)display terminal直流电阻 D.C. resistance质量 quality中心度、同心度 concentricity中心线 centerline中性点 neutral point中压缸intermediate pressure cylinder/casing(IP)终端、端子 terminal终端设备 terminal device重力 gravity周围的 circumferential轴 shaft轴承座 bearing house轴承座 pedestal轴承座 pedestal轴环 collar轴瓦 bearing pad轴向的 axial主变 generator transformer主要辅机 major pant item主蒸汽 live steam煮炉 Boil out铸造 governing valve转存 dump转换开关 inverter转接器、接头、 adapter转子 Rotor转子 rotor锥体 cone锥体 pyramid子模块 slave module子系统 sub system自动控制系统 automatic control system自然循环 natural/thermal circulation总线接口模块 bus interface module(BIM)纵向的 longitudinal阻波器 trap组态 configure最新发展水平的 state-of the-art最优控制 optimum control6KV 公用配电屏 6kv station board6KV配电屏 6kv unit boardZ型拉筋 zig-zag rod安培 A: ampere氨 ammonia按钮 push button按钮 pushbutton按钮触点 push contact按时间顺序的 chronological半导体 semiconductor半径的、辐射状的 radial饱和水 saturated water保护和跳闸 protection and trip报警器 annunciator备用 back-up备用 provision备用 reserve比特、位 bit闭环 closed loop避雷器 surge diverter变电站 substation变送器 converter变送器 transmitter变压器 transformer并网 synchronization并行接口 parallel interface波特率 baud rate不导电的、绝缘的 dielectric不断电电源 Uninterruptible power supply(UPS) 不连续的 discrete采样器 pick-ups 操作机构 mechanism操作台 the front pedestal更多分类词汇请访问侧墙 side wall测试仪表 instrument叉型叶根 multifork root长久的 permanent长期停机 prolong outage厂环 plant-loop厂用变 unit transformer超导体 superconductor超高压 EHV :extra-high voltage成组的、成批的 batch持续时间 duration尺寸 dimension充电器 charger冲动式汽轮机 impulse turbine冲击耐受电压 impulse withstand voltage除盐水 demineralized water除氧器 deaeratorD.A传送、运输 transport串（行接）口 serial interface串行存取 serial access吹灰器 sootblower吹扫 blow/purge垂直的 Vertical磁场作用 the action of a magnetic field磁导率 permeability次烟煤 subbituminous枞树形叶根 fir-tree root错误检验和恢复 error checking and recovery 错误指示器 error detector大规模集成电路 large scale integrate circuit 大修 overhaul单向流动 single-flow氮 nitrogen导纳 conductance导体 conductor导叶 Vane低压厂用变 sub-distribution transformer低压缸 low pressure cylinder/casing(LP)点火 light/ignite点火器 igniter电厂 power plant电磁 Solenoid电导率 conductibility电动操纵的 motor-operated电动机控制中心 MMC: motor control center 电动机启动装置 motor starter电动液压的 electro-hydraulic电感电流 inductive current电抗 reactance电缆 cable电流互感器 CT :current transformer电气设备 electrical equipment/apparatus电容 capacitance电容电流 capacitive current电容器 capacitor电枢 armature电网 grid电网 network电涡流式检测器eddy current proximity detector电压互感器PT: potential /voltage transformer电压转换器 electric pressure converter电压自由触点 volt free contact电源 power supplies电站（水） power station电阻 resistance吊耳 lug调节、调制 Modulation调速器 governor调制解调 modulation-demodulation顶点 apex顶棚管 roof tube定位 orientation定子 stator定子机座 stator frame动稳定 dynamic stability动叶片 moving blades/ blading独立存在的 autonomous独立的 free standing端子、接线柱 instrument terminal端子箱、出线盒 terminal box断路器 circuit breaker锻造 casting对称度 symmetry对流烟道 convection pass多功能处理器 Multi Function Process(MFP) 多项式 order polynomial额定负荷 ECR:economic continuous rating二极管 diode 二进制单元 binary cell二进制的 binary二进制计数器 binary counter发电机 generator发光二极管 LED反动式汽轮机 reaction turbine反馈 feed back反相显示 reverse video沸腾 boil分辨率 resolution分层（级）的 hierarchical分隔墙 division wall分接头 tap分接头绕组 tapping winding分散控制系统 distribute control system(DCS) 分析基 air dry分压器 diverter粉状燃料 ground coal /pulverized fuel风道 duct风箱 wind box伏特 V: volt符号字符 character幅度 amplitude辅助的 auxiliary负压燃烧 suction firing附属部分 annex复制的、备用的 duplicate副励磁机 pilot exciter改造 alteration干式电缆 dry -core cable干燥基 dry感抗 inductance感应的 inductive高级的、先进的 sophisticated高压缸 high pressure cylinder/casing(HP)隔板 diaphragm隔间 bay隔离开关 disconnecter给煤机 coal feeder给煤机转速信号 feeder speed跟随 shadow工程单位 engineering unit工业分析 proximate analysis工业锅炉 industrial boiler公差 tolerance公用锅炉 utility boiler公用系统 common s控制作用 control action浪涌 surge冷端补偿 cold junction compensation励磁 excite励磁机 exciter例外报告 exception report联氨 hydrazine联锁 interlock联锁触点 interlocking contact联锁开关系统 interlocking switch system联锁信号 interlocking signal联箱 header联轴器 coupling裂纹 crack/cracking临界压力 critical pressure令牌 token流量 flow rate流量计 flow meter硫 sulfur/sulphur六氟化硫 sulphur hexa fluoride露点 the dew point temperature炉膛 furnace螺钉 screw毛胚 blank毛胚 roll媒介、介质 medium煤 coal煤粉燃烧器 PF burner/pulverized fuel burner 密度热电阻 density RTD灭弧 quench模块 workhouse模拟量 analogue模拟图 Mimic模拟子模块 ASM模数转换 Analogue to Digital conversion膜式壁 membrane panel/wall磨煤机 pulverizer/mill母线 busbar/bus内部的 internally内缸 inner casing能共存的、兼容的 compatible 能量管接头 energy stud/stub凝结 condensate欧姆 ohm排污管 blowdown pipe盘车装置 turning gear配电 distribution配电盘、屏、板 panel膨胀 expansion疲劳、软化 fatigue偏心度 eccentricity平方根 square root平面 plane平直度 alignment齐纳二极管 Zener diode启备变 start up/standby transformer /启动 start up启动控制阀 pneumatic pilot valve气态 gaseous汽包 steam drum汽封片 gland segment/packing汽缸 cylinder汽机监视仪表turbine supervisory instrument(TIS)汽轮机 turbine汽泡户外的 bubble outdoor汽水混合物 steam-water -mixture千伏 kilo-volt前后墙 front/rear wall /强迫循环 forced/pumped circulation切除、切断、脱扣 trip氢 hydrogen求出的数量 evaluate全功能组件 complete functional set全貌、总的看法 overview燃料烟道 fuel /flue /燃烧器 burner扰动 intervetion/disturbing/bump绕组 winding热电厂 thermal power plant热电偶 thermocouple热电偶 thermocouple热工仪表 thermodynamic instrumentation热量加热 heat /热效率 thermal efficiency热应力分析 thermal stress analysis容量 capacity熔断 blow熔断器 fuse冗余测试 redundancy testing冗余的 redundancy冗余位 redundancy bit蠕变 creep散热片 cooling fin上半部 the top half蛇形管 serpentine tube设备、工具 facility省煤器 economizer湿蒸汽 wet-steam十二进制 duodecimal十进制的 decimal十六进制 hexadecimal使分流 shunt使完整 integration视频 visual frequency视像扫描器 visual scanner试运行 Commission试运行 commissioning operation疏水 Drain疏水管 drain pipe树脂浇注变压器 cast resin transformer 数字显示 digit display数字信号 digit signal双层缸结构 double shell structure双列端子排 two-tier terminals双向流动 double-flow双重的固态 dual solid水 water水电站 hydraulic power plant水分 moisture水冷壁 furnace tube水平的 horizontal水平接合面 the horizontal joint水位 water level水位计 gauge glass水压实验 hydrostatic test水蒸气 steam/water vapor酸洗 acid cleaning算法 algorithms榫头 tenon探针 probe碳 carbon天然气 natural gas条形 bar条形图 bargraph铁素体 mill铁芯 core 停机 shut down停运 outage通道、信道 channel同类的 peer推力轴承 thrust bearing瓦特 W: watt外缸 outer casing网络接口子模块 INNIS微型调速器 microgovernor围带 shroud/shrouding温度 temperature文件缓冲器 archive buffer稳定性 stabilization稳态 steady-state无烟煤 anthracite物品、元件 item误差率 error rate误动作 malfunction熄灭、灭火 extinction铣制 forging系统 scheme: system下半部 the bottom half线圈 coil线性差动变压器 linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)线性化 linearization相变 phase change相互 interconnection相互隔离 isolate相同的 Uniform :the same消耗 consumption销钉 dowel协调的 harmonious协调控制系统coordination control system(CCS)信号调节 signal conditioning星型 palm terminal星型连接 connected in star形凹槽 notch V压力 pressure压力表 pressure meter烟道 flue烟煤 bituminous烟气 flue gas烟气热风器 gas air header氧 oxygen氧化。

欧宝汽车诊断软件版本4.2 产品说明书

Version 4.2 contains new vehicle and special test additions, softwareenhancements, and bug fixes.Over 400 new tests are included in this 4.2 update including improvements andsuggestions from professional technicians.Software and coverage feature details provided throughout these release notes.Added Coverage – SummaryNew Special Functions:o BMW/Mini – over 160 new functions such as Battery Replacement, Delete Adaptations,Injector Adaptation, MSA Starter Exchange/Reset, and moreo Mercedes – over 130 new functions such as Steering Column Normalization, Test Values ofEmissions, ESP Control Unit Calibration, Program Replacement Keys, and moreo VW / Audi – Fuel Pump Adaptation, Calibration Seat Fan, Reset all counters, and moreo Chrysler/Jeep – Brake Pedal Calibration, initialize ORC, and moreo Ford – Brake Shift Interlock, Door Lock, Smart Window Control, and moreo GM – ADAS – Vehicle Direction Camera Calibration, Cancel Camera Learn, and moreo Honda/Acura – CVT Oil Pressure Value Reset, Steering Angle Sensor Setup, and moreo Hyundai – HCU Air Bleeding Mode, Pressure Sensor Calibration, and moreo Mazda – Line Pressure Solenoid, Shift Solenoid, EGR Valve Stepping Motor Position, andmoreo Nissan/Infiniti – Air Bleeding Line testso Toyota/Lexus – Air Bleeding Line tests, Cylinder Compression Check, and moreBosch ADS 625 Software Update – Feb 2020Ver 4.2https:///pro/ads/New Coverage Details – USA DomesticNew Chrysler/Jeep Coverage--2 new Adjustment type special tests including:o ABS - Brake Pedal Calibrationo Safety/Airbag - Initialize ORC6 new Actuation type special tests including:o Instrument Cluster - Engine Temperature, KeySense, Low Fuelo Others - Memory Seat ECU Self Test, Reset Automatic WindowsNew Ford Coverage--28 new Actuation type special tests including:o Body Control/GEM - Accessory Delay Relay Circuit, Brake Shift Interlock, Door Lock tests, Floor Lamp Output Circuit, Fog Lamp, Interior Lighting Circuit, On Demand Test, Turn Signal tests, Headlight tests, Smart Window ControlNew GM Coverage--3 new Adjustment type special tests including:o ADAS/Driver Assist – Vehicle Direction Camera Calibration, Cancel Camera Learn, Clear Disable History4 new Actuation type special tests including:o ADAS/Driver Assist – VIDEO PROCESSING CONTROL MODULE Show Current Camera View testsNew Coverage Details – USA AsianNew Honda Acura Coverage--7 new Adjustment type special tests including:o Transmission - CVT Oil Pressure Learning Value Reseto Transfer Case - Steering Angle Sensor Setupo ABS - Air Bleeding For Repairo Safety/Airbag - Pop Up Hood (PUH) Calibration, SWS Initialization16 new Actuation type special tests including:o ABS - Solenoid testsNew Hyundai Coverage--6 new Adjustment type special tests including:o ABS/Brakes - HCU Air Bleeding Mode, Longitudinal G Sensor Calibration(HAC/DBC Only), Pressure Sensor Calibrationo Tire Pressure Monitor - TPMS Mode Configuration, Vehicle Name Writingo Others – Set the steering feel torque to zeroo Engine/PCM - Fan PWM, Turbo waste gate(WGT) valveo Others - tests for INTEGRATED GATEWAY POWER CTRLNew Mazda Coverage--24 new Actuation type special tests including:o Engine/PCM - Camshaft Position Commanded Duty Cycle 1, EGR Valve Stepping Motor Position, Intake Manifold Tuning Valveo Transmission - Line Pressure Solenoid tests, Shift Solenoid testso ABS/Brakes - Hydraulic Pump Motor, Solenoid testso Others - HEAD UP DISPLAY Maintenance ModeNew Nissan/Infiniti Coverage--4 new Adjustment type special tests including:o ABS/Brakes - Air Bleeding Line testsNew Toyota/Lexus Coverage4 new Adjustment type special tests including:o ABS/Brakes - Air Bleeding Line tests2 new Actuation type special tests including:o Engine/PCM - Control the Shift Position 6 Speed, Cylinder Compression CheckNew Coverage Details – USA EuropeanNew Audi Coverage--7 new Adjustment type special tests including:o Engine/PCM - Activate/Deactivate Start/Stop Function, Fuel Pump Adaptationo Climate Control/HVAC -Air Conditioning Adaptation - Production Mode, Basic Setting A/C Actuator Motor In, Basic Setting A/C Flap Door End Stops, Calibration Seat Fan, Reset allcountersNew BMW / Mini Coverage--52 new Adjustment type special tests including:o Engine/PCM - Adaption function for throttle valve, Adjust Fuel Consumption Display Correction Factor, Battery replacement, Bleed cooling system, Delete Adaptations, Injector adaptation,Knock Sensor Adaptation, Load Regulation Adaptation, MSA Starter Exchange/Reset, Resetadaptation parameters, Reset after changing NOx sensor, Reset fuel pressure adaptation,Reset injector adaptation values, Reset trim control adaptation, Throttle valve adaption, ResetAdBlue metering module adaptationo Transmission - Gearbox Adaptation, Reset rear axle ratio factor, Transmission Control Unit - Oil Changeo ABS/Brakes – Bleed, Brake Line Connectiono Safety/Airbag - Seat Occupancy Detection, Front Passengero Instrument Cluster – Service Requirement Reseto Others - Initialize Power Window Regulators, AUDIO SYSTEM tests114 new Actuation type special tests including:o Engine/PCM - Determine The Injector, Electric Fan Actuation, Evaluate the Battery State of Charge, Exhaust Flap, Fuel Pump, Fuel Quality Recognition, Injector (1-4) off (Engine RunningInjector KILL Test), Injector (1-6) off (Engine Running Injector KILL Test), Injector (1-8) Off(Engine Running Injector Check Test), Injector B1 (1-3) off (Engine Running Injector KILL Test),Read Out Battery Status, Solenoid Valve - Tank Ventilation, Turbocharger Coolant Pump, Water Pump Controlo Transmission - Functional Display, Locator Lighting, Release of Manual Shift Gate, Solenoid Valve Shiftlocko ABS/Brakes - ABS Pump Activation Test (5 seconds), Apply parking brakeo Instrument Cluster – Lamp/Indicator tests, Gauge tests, Self Testo Climate (HVAC) - Activate additional Water pump, Activate Heated Rear Window, Actuate of the Blower Output Stage, FKA Blower, Flap Motors - Start Reference Run, Front Blower, Run in Protection for A/C Compressoro Others – tests for CENTER ROOF, CENTRAL ELECTRONICS, PASSENGER SIDE JUNCTION BOX, AUDIO SYSTEM modules, MULTIMEDIA INTERFACE, NAVIGATION,FUNCTIONAL ROOF, HUMAN MACHINE I/F GRAPHICSNew Mercedes-Benz Coverage--28 new Adjustment type special tests including:o Engine/PCM - Correction Programming of Ignition, Default Initialization, Reset Lambda Adaptationo Transmission - Adaptation Via Engine Coolant Temperature, Adaptation Via Torque Ranges, Initial Test/ Oil Condition Check/ Oil Level Check, Read Adjust Value, Upshifts, Write AdjustValueo ABS/Brakes - ESP Control Unit Calibrationo Steering - Normalization Of Steering Column,o Others – Program The Replacement Keys, HEADLAMP XENON tests112 new Actuation type special tests including:o Engine/PCM - Boost Pressure Positioner, Charge Air Cooler - Circulation Pump, Divert Air Switchover Valve, Test Values Of Emissions Testo Transmission - Shift Lever Switch Position, Switch Off Incline Recognition For Dynamometer Modeo Others – tests for ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE, OVERHEAD CONTROL PANEL, SAM MODULE, UPPER CONTROL PANEL, HEADLAMP XENONNew Volkswagen Coverage--7 new Adjustment type special tests including:o Engine/PCM - Activate/Deactivate Start/Stop Function, Fuel Pump Adaptationo Climate Control/HVAC -Air Conditioning Adaptation - Production Mode, Basic Setting A/C Actuator Motor In, Basic Setting A/C Flap Door End Stops, Calibration Seat Fan, Reset allcounters-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bosch Automotive Service Solutions Inc. 28635 Mound RoadWarren, MI 48092USA*************************855-267-2483Please insert the contact details accordingly.。

CHANCE

CHANCE ® Multi-Range Voltage Detector Hubbell has a policy of continuous product improvement.Please visit to confirm current design specifications.Revision F 03/21Owner's Manual©2021HubbellIncorporated|*************************|NOTICE: Before operating a Chance ®Multi-Range Voltage Detector (MRVD), thoroughly read, understand and follow these instructions. Keep these instructions with product for futurereference.Guide to Warnings within ManualThe following is a list of warnings used within this manual and should be read in their entirety to ensure safe practices.!A DANGER refers to operating procedures, techniques, etc., that, if not followed carefully could RESULT IN DEATH.!A WARNING refers to operating procedures, techniques, etc., that, if not followed carefully could RESULT IN INJURIES OR DEATH.!CAUTIONA CAUTION refers to operating procedures, techniques, etc., that, if not followed carefully could RESULT IN DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT or LOSS OF SERVICE to customers.A NOTICE refers to information that is considered important but not hazard related.©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions23©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating InstructionsProduct SafetyCORRECT USE INCORRECT USEDo not allow the universal coupling or housing to become grounded in any way, or to contact another phase as this will cause erroneous voltage indication and could cause severe personal injury or damage to equipment.Always use an appropriate length insulated Hot Stick even when wearing rubber gloves. Contact with the universal coupling or other parts, even with rubber gloves, will cause erroneous voltage indication. Always use with an appropriate length universal pole to maintain its calibration.Before and after each use, always test the unit on a known energized voltage source.Do not engrave on stick. Minimum Approach Distances (MAD) should be adhered to at all times. For the latest information and charts refer to the official OSHA website:https://The equipment covered in this manual must be used and serviced only by competently trained personnel familiar with and following approved work and safety practices. This equipment is for use by such personnel and this manual is not intended as a substitute for adequate training and experience in safe procedures for this type of equipment.These instructions neither cover all details or situations in equipment use, nor do they provide for every possible contingency to be encountered in relation to installation, operation or maintenance. Should additional information and details be desired or if situations arise which are not covered adequately for the user’s purpose, the specifics should be referred to Hubbell Power Systems.!!! WARNING! DANGER!CAUTIONFunction and Design OverviewThe CHANCE® Multi-Range Voltage Detector® (MRVD) is a portable tool to confirm that an AC (Alternating Current) high voltage circuit is energized or de-energized prior to performing maintenance. It provides field practicality over the two points of contact measurement method. Readings from the MRVD represent the class of voltage that is present on the line. The MRVD is designed to determine approximate Phase-to-Phase AC, 50/60 Hz. This unit is a direct contact electric field intensity indicator.The MRVD is used as a secondary means to confirm the condition of a circuit after principal work procedures such as visible open gaps, dispatcher hold orders, and apparatus tag-outs have rendered the circuit de-energized.This device is an AC (alternating current/alternating voltage) only indicator; do not use it to detect DC (direct current/non-alternating voltage).!Before and after each use, always test the unit on a known energized voltage source. Features• Meets intent of OSHA 1910.269 to test for absence of nominal voltage• Used to determine if power lines are at rated voltage, have induced voltage, or are de-energized• Phase-to-Phase equivalent indications• On-board self-test feature to test internal circuit connections• Comes with a plastic hard case• QR code located in the instructionsAccuracyThis instrument is not a voltmeter; hence, the manufacturer claims no specific accuracy and therefore no specific accuracy is to be assumed by the user. Readings will vary with thefield intensity, determined by a great variety of field conditions including proximity, size,and orientation of all system components in the vicinity, both energized and grounded. Erroneous readings may result from being placed near other energized conductors, sources, or grounds. T o avoid such field distortions, keep the unit as far away as practical from all system components other than the specific conductor being tested.©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions4MRVD Kits©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions56©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating InstructionsMRVD ModelsC40309791 kV to 40 kV w/ T.P.C403102916 kV to 161 kVC403114069 kV to 600 kV7©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating InstructionsMRVD Models (cont.)PSC403102900416 kV to 161 kV w/ TPT40326335 kV to 120 kVT403229369 kV to 345 kVOperations for Overhead1. Check meter, battery, and circuitry for proper operation before and after each use by depressing test button at back of meter housing while switching selection to each setting in sequence. Set at every position except "Off", meter should read nearly full scale. When reading falls three or four divisions below full scale, replace battery by removing plastic cap on end of mounting stick. Use a 9-volt battery. See page 14 for battery replacement information.2. Thread hook probe into mounting-stick end fitting and attach MRVD to insulated hot stick of proper length for system voltage involved. Also set selector switch at correct voltage range. NOTE: For voltages less than 1 kV, use MRVD as an indicator only with selector switchset at TP (Test Point) position — only on MRVD models C4030979, T4032271 andPSC4031029004.3. T est on known source before and after taking a reading to verify proper operation.4. Contact hook probe to each conductor individually on three-phase circuits, following these guidelines:• Keep mounting stick perpendicular to phase conductor.• Keep MRVD away from pole or structure and associated equipment a distance at least twice the circuit's phase spacing. That is, test out on span rather than near structure,jumpers, risers, cutout, insulators, ground wires and any system components otherthan conductor being tested.• T est three or four locations to check consistency. Where little or no consistency is apparent, consider the highest reading as correct.5. Multiply readings by the factor given at the switch position selected. (if readings are low on scale, set switch to next lower voltage range andrepeat tests).!Before and after each use, always test the unit on a known energized voltage source.©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions8Operations for Overhead (Cont.)Both the electromagnetic action of current and electrostatic action of voltage can induce a high static condition on the de-energized circuit. Activity effects can exist betweenall conductor pairs. The MRVD indicates the combined field intensity from all other conductors, including ground wires.©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions910©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions Operations for UndergroundAlways use appropriate length insulated Hot Stick even when wearing rubber gloves. Contact with universal coupling or other parts, even with rubber gloves, will causeerroneous voltage indication. Also, due to the close proximity of conductive metals, the readings taken in URD cabinets will typically be higher than on an overhead line.As with overhead, the same basic rules and procedures apply when using the CHANCE ® Multi-Range Voltage Detector (MRVD) on underground systems. Follow these three very important additional instructions when using the tool on underground equipment:1. When testing dead-front URD equipment, use an appropriate Bushing Adapter ratherthan the short probe or the Shepherd Hook.2. Use extreme caution when testing live-front URD equipment. Use applicable safe work practices and procedures. Do not use any probes on the MRVD when testing live-front URD equipment. In place of a probe, use a small hex head machine screw (1/4-20 X 3/8" long).3.When testing live-front URD equipment, the MRVD may detect fields from adjacent conductors, energized parts or grounds, including grounded cabinet components. Indication of an energized field may not be sufficient to isolate one specificconductor. Should the user wish to confirm a specific conductor is energized (orde-energized) further testing with a non-wireless Phasing Set designed for thisapplication will be required.Before and after each use, always test the unit on a known energized voltage source.T aking a reading with the MRVD with Bushing Adapter on dead-front equipment! WARNING!DANGER11©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating InstructionsOperations for Underground (Cont.)1. Check meter, battery, and circuitry for proper operation before and after each use bydepressing test button at back of meter housing while switching selection to each setting in sequence. Set at every position except "Off", meter should read nearly full scale. When reading falls three or four divisions below full scale, replace battery by removing plastic cap on end of mounting stick. Use a 9-volt battery.2. Thread appropriate bushing adapter into mounting-stick end fitting and attach MRVD to insulated hot stick of proper length for system voltage involved. Also set selector switch at correct voltage range.3. Secure a temporary feed-thru device in parking stand on the deadfront transformer or switch. Pull elbow with appropriate hot line tool and install elbow on feed-thru device.4. T est on a known source before and after taking a reading to verify proper operation.5. T o test both sides of interrupted circuit, insert bushing adapter into:• Apparatus bushing•Feed-thru bushing, to check elbow/cable.12©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating InstructionsCapacitive T est PointCapacitive Test Points must be free of corrosion and contamination for valid testing. If ever in doubt about interpreting CHANCE® Multi-Range Voltage Detector reading under any circumstance, always assume circuit is energized and take appropriate safety precautions.Failure to use proper safety equipment, procedures, and work rules could result in personal injury or damage to equipment.T o test Capacitive T est Points on dead-front URD equipment, safely remove the protective cap/cover from the elbow by using appropriate work practices and procedures. Follow the Elbow manufacturer’s recommendations on proper cleaning and use of all Capacitive T est Points.The Capacitive T est Point must be free of corrosion and contamination for testing continuity; a dirty or contaminated Capacitive T est Point may prevent proper indication of Cable condition. If ever in doubt about interpreting MRVD readings under any circumstance, always assume the circuit is energized and take the appropriate safety precautions.T esting a Capacitive T est Point on dead-front elbow!!13©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating InstructionsOptional Procedure for Elbow/Cable T est It is recommended that two linemen perform this procedure.1. Operator #1: pull elbow with elbow-puller tool, then orient elbow so it is accessible with MRVD.2.Operator #2: install elbow adapter on the MRVD, then insert elbow adapter into elbow to check elbow/cable for voltage.Failure to use proper safety equipment, procedures, and work rules could result in personal injury or damage to equipment.!WARNING14©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating InstructionsBattery ReplacementCheck meter, battery and circuitry for proper operation before and after each use bydepressing test button at back of meter housing while switching selection to each setting in sequence. Set at every position except "Off", meter should read nearly full scale. When reading falls three or four divisions below full scale, replace battery by removing plastic cap on end of mounting stick. Use a 9-volt battery.Ensure that the wires connected to the battery holder remain connected and are not damaged. Test the function of the unit on a known energized voltage source.!CAUTIONMaintenanceThe CHANCE® Multi-Range Voltage Detector (MRVD) is an electronic instrument and, if properly cared for, will provide many years of trouble-free service. Keep all parts clean and dry. Clean only with water or a mild soap & water solution. Do not use chemical solvents. When using soap for cleaning, it is required to thoroughly rinse all soap residue off the unit before placing back into service. Any remaining soap residue may allow high voltage tracking especially in the presence of high humidity and/or moisture. Do not use CHANCE® Moisture Eater II wipes on any part of the MRVD as it will cause damage.We do recommend that every tester be wiped clean and visually inspected for defects daily and before each use. If any defect or contamination that could adversely affect the proper operation, accuracy or mechanical integrity of the tool is suspected, the meter shall be removed from service. Before placing back into service, the meter should be properly repaired (if necessary), cleaned, inspected, and tested for full operation.Do not engrave on stick. Abuse or misuse will damage the unit. Store in a dry location, donot drop, and protect from jostling or impacts during storage, carrying, or use. See page 17 "Specifications" for operating and storage temperatures and humidity ranges.!CAUTIONDo not drop tool as accuracy may be impaired.RepairsFor Hubbell Power Systems authorized repair or factory calibration, please contact: M.W. Bevins Co.9903 E. 54th St.Tulsa, OK 74146(918) 627-1273(918) 627-1294 (FAX)©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions1516©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating InstructionsOptional Accessories15 kV Bushing Adapter - T403042815 kV , 25 kV, 35 kV Bushing Adapter - T4030857Elbow Adapter - T4030856SpecificationsWeight: 1091 g (38.5 oz)Dimensions: 12" L X 3.25" W X 7" HBattery requirements: Alkaline or Lithium 9-voltOperating voltage range(s): T est Point to 600 kV AC (Phase-to-Phase equivalent), 50/60 Hz (varies by model)Operating temperature range: -20° to +80°C (-4°F to 176°F)Operating humidity range: 5% to 95% RhStorage temperature: -20° to +60°C (-4°F to 140°F)Recommended storage at 21°C +/- 2%°C (70°F +/- 5°F)Storage humidity range: 5% to 95% Rh (Recommended storage at 45% Rh +/- 8% Rh) Limitations: Always use appropriate length insulated Hot Stick even if wearing rubber gloves. Always test the unit before and after each use on a known energized voltage sourceor with the Voltage Indicator T ester to verify proper operation. Do not use if damaged or malfunctioning. Keep all warning labels clean and readable. Store in a dry location.©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions17Notes____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions18Notes____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________©2021 Hubbell Incorporated | Chance Multi-Range Voltage Detector Operating Instructions19Hubbell Power Systems, Inc.210 N. Allen StCentralia, MO 65240Hubbell has a policy of continuous product improvement.Please visit to confirm current design specifications.P4032229TD_09_224_ERev F.©2021HubbellIncorporated|*************************|。

诺图斯传感器用户指南说明书

Sensor with long-term stability for frequent sterilizations and autoclavabilityApplication•Pharmaceutics and biotechnology–Process control in enzyme production –Control of culture processing •Beverage industry •Chemical industry •Water treatment –Boiler feedwater–WFI (water for injection)•Inertization•Residual oxygen measurement in processes Your benefits•Sensor version suitable for pharmaceutical industry:–Stainless steel 1.4435 (AISI 316L)–Sterilizable and autoclavable •Application-specific versions:–Sensor for standard applications, e.g. for fermenter control–Trace sensor, e.g. for use in the power station sector and for the beverage industry (CO2-compatible sensor)•Very versatile:–Standard process connection Pg 13.5–Installation possible in standard pH assemblies •Short response time: t 98 < 60 s •Integrated temperature sensorOther advantages of Memosens technology •Maximum process safety thanks to non-contact, inductive signal transmission •Data security thanks to digital data transmission •Very easy to use as sensor data saved in the sensor•Recording of sensor load data in the sensor enables predictive maintenanceProducts Solutions ServicesTechnical Information Oxymax COS22D/COS22Digital or analog sensor for the measurement of oxygenTI00446C/07/EN/04.1571306865Oxymax COS22D/COS222Endress+HauserFunction and system designMeasuring principleThe oxygen molecules that diffuse through the membrane are reduced at the cathode to hydroxide ions (OH-). At the anode, silver is oxidized to silver ions (Ag+) (this forms a silver halide layer). A current flows due to the electron donation at the cathode and the electron acceptance at the anode.Under constant conditions, this flow is proportional to the oxygen content of the medium. This current is converted in the transmitter and indicated on the display as an oxygen concentration in mg/l, µg/l, ppm, ppb or Vol%, as a saturation index in % SAT or as an oxygen partial pressure in hPa.Application in gaseous mediaThe trace sensor version can be used in gaseous media, such as for inertizations and quality control in the trace range. Process monitoring in gaseous media can be performed with the standard sensor.The measured value is displayed in Vol% or as oxygen partial pressure in hPa. Sensors that are used in dry media consume more electrolyte and must therefore be maintained more frequently.Measuring systemA complete measuring system comprises:•An Oxymax COS22 or Oxymax COS22D oxygen sensor •A transmitter, see table•An appropriate measuring cable, see table•Optional: an assembly, e.g. permanent installation assembly CPA442, flow assembly CPA240, or retractable assembly CPA8751Example of a measuring system with COS22D-*11Liquiline CM422Measuring cable CYK103Digital oxygen sensor Oxymax COS22D-*14Permanent installation assembly CPA442Oxymax COS22D/COS22Endress+Hauser 31234 A00240292Example of a measuring system with COS22-*11Retractable assembly CPA8752Transmitter Liquisys COM2533Measuring cable COK214Oxygen sensor COS22DependabilityReliability•Non-contact, digital signal transmission enables optimum galvanic isolation •Completely watertight–Can even be connected under water –No contact corrosion–Measured value not affected by moisture. Correct transmission of even the smallest values, e.g.from amperometric sensors.•Sensor can be calibrated in a lab, thus increasing the availability of the measuring point in the process•Intrinsically safe electronics mean operation in hazardous areas is not a problem.•Predictive maintenance thanks to recording of sensor data, e.g.:–Total hours of operation–Hours of operation with very high or very low measured values –Hours of operation at high temperatures –Number of steam sterilizations –Sensor conditionMaintainabilityEasy handlingSensors with Memosens technology have an integrated electronics unit that stores calibration data and other information (e.g. total operating hours and operating hours under extreme measuring conditions). Once the sensor has been connected, the sensor data are transferred automatically to the transmitter and used to calculate the current measured value. As the calibration data are storedOxymax COS22D/COS224Endress+Hauserin the sensor, the sensor can be calibrated and adjusted independently of the measuring point. The result:•Easy calibration in the measuring lab under optimum external conditions increases the quality of the calibration.•Pre-calibrated sensors can be replaced quickly and easily, resulting in a dramatic increase in the availability of the measuring point .•Maintenance intervals can be defined based on all stored sensor load and calibration data and predictive maintenance is possible.•The sensor history can be documented on external data carriers and in evaluation programs. Thus,the current application of the sensors can be made to depend on their previous history.SafetyData security thanks to digital data transmissionMemosens technology digitizes the measured values in the sensor and transmits the data to the transmitter using a non-contact connection that is free from potential interference. The result:•Automatic error message if sensor fails or connection between sensor and transmitter is interrupted•Immediate error detection increases measuring point availabilityInputMeasured valuesDissolved oxygen [mg/l, µg/l, ppm, ppb or % SAT or hPa]Temperature [˚C, ˚F]Measuring rangesMeasuring ranges apply for 20 ˚ (68 ˚F) and 1013 hPa (15 psi)Measuring rangeOptimum operational range 1)COS22/22D-*10.01 to 60 mg/l 0 to 600 % SAT0 to 1200 hPa (0 to 6 psi)0 to 100 Vol%0.01 to 20 mg/l 0 to 200 % SAT0 to 400 hPa (0 to 6 psi)0 to 40 Vol%COS22/22D-*3COS22D-*40.001 to 10 mg/l 0 to 120 % SAT0 to 250 hPa (0 to 6 psi)0 to 25 Vol%0.001 to 2 mg/l 0 to 20 % SAT0 to 40 hPa (0 to 6 psi)0 to 4 Vol%1)Applications in this range guarantee a long service life and minimum maintenancePower supplyElectrical connectionCOS22DThe electrical connection of the sensor to the transmitter is performed using the measuring cable CYK10.3Measuring cable CYK10Oxymax COS22D/COS22Endress+Hauser 5COS22A multi-core COK21 measuring cable is used for the electrical connection of the sensor to the transmitter.4Measuring cable COK21The polarization voltage must be set at the transmitter as follows:Standard measuring range: -650mV Trace measuring range: -550mVThe voltage is applied between the working electrode (cathode) and the reference electrode (anode).Performance characteristicsResponse timeFrom air to nitrogen at reference operating conditions:•t 90 : < 30 s •t 98 : < 60 sReference operating conditionsReference temperature:25 ˚C (77 ˚F)Reference pressure:1013 hPa (15 psi)Reference application:Air-saturated waterSignal current in airCOS22/22D-*1 (standard sensor):40 to 100 nA COS22/22D-*3, COS22D-*4 (trace sensor):210 to 451 nAZero currentCOS22/22D-*1 (standard sensor):< 0.1 % of the signal current in air COS22/22D-*3, COS22D-*4 (trace sensor):< 0.03 % of the signal current in airMeasured value resolutionCOS22/22D-*1 (standard sensor):10 ppb in aqueous, 0.2 hPa or 0.02 Vol% in gaseous mediaCOS22/22D-*3, COS22D-*4 (trace sensor): 1 ppb in aqueous, 0.02 hPa or 0.002 Vol% ingaseous mediaCorresponds to the recommended measured value resolution at the transmitter Maximum measured errorCOS22/22D-*1 (standard sensor):≤ ±1 % of measuring range + 10 ppb *COS22/22D-*3, COS22D-*4 (trace sensor):≤ ±1 % of measuring range + 1 ppb ** at reference operating conditionsLong-term drift< 4 % per month in reference operating conditions≤ 1 % per month in operation with reduced oxygen concentration (< 4 Vol% O 2)Influence of the medium pressurePressure compensation not requiredOxymax COS22D/COS226Endress+HauserPolarization timeCOS22/22D-*1 (standard sensor):< 30 min for 98% signal value, 2 h for 100%COS22/22D-*3, COS22D-*4 (trace sensor):< 3 h for 98% signal value, 12 h for 100%Intrinsic oxygen consumption COS22/22D-*1 (standard sensor):Approx. 20 ng/h in air at 25 ˚C (77 ˚F)COS22/22D-*3, COS22D-*4 (trace sensor):Approx. 100 ng/h in air at 25 ˚C (77 ˚FOperating time of the electrolyteTheoretical operating time at p O2 = 210 mbar and T=25 ˚C (77 ˚F)COS22/22D-*1 (standard sensor):> 1.5 years COS22/22D-*3, COS22D-*4 (trace sensor):> 3 monthsTemperature compensationCOS22DCompensation of the membrane properties takes place in the transmitter between -5 and 90˚C (23to 194 ˚F); above 90˚C (194 ˚F), extrapolation takes place•Measured variable as partial pressure [hPa] or in Vol%: -5 to 90 ˚C (23 to 194 ˚F)•Measured variable as concentration [mg/l]: 0 to 80 ˚C (32 to 176 ˚F)•Measured variable as saturation [%SAT]: -5 to 90 ˚C (23 to 194 ˚F)COS22Compensation of the membrane properties depending on the transmitter, recommended:2.4 % per KInstallationInstallation instructionsInstallation in suitable assembly is required (depending on the application)NOTICEIf the unit is installed without an assembly, there is the danger of rupturing cables or losing the sensor‣Do not install the sensor suspended from the cable!Installation angle5Permitted orientationsOxymax COS22D/COS22Endress+Hauser 7The sensor must be installed at an angle of inclination of 10 to 170 ° in an assembly, bracket or appropriate process connection. Recommended angle: 45°, to prevent the formation of air bubbles.Inclination angles other than those mentioned are not permitted. Do notinstall the sensor overhead.Observe the instructions for installing sensors in the Operating Instructions for the assembly used.EnvironmentAmbient temperature rangeCOS22/22D-*1 /3:-5 to +135 °C (23 to 275 °F), non-freezing COS22D-*4:-5 to +50 °C (23 to 120 °F), non-freezingStorage temperature –5 to +50 ˚C (20 to 120 ˚F) at 95% relative humidity, non-condensing Danger of sensor drying out‣Store the sensor with the watering cap only (filled with tap water).Degree of protection IP 68 (10 m (33 ft) head of water at 25 ˚C (77 ˚F) over 45 days, 1 mol/l KCl)Humidity0 to 100%, COS22D: condensating, COS22: not condensating in area of T-82 connectionProcessProcess temperatureCOS22/22D-*1 /3:-5 to +135 °C (23 to 275 °F), non-freezing COS22D-*4:-5 to +80 °C (23 to 180 °F), non-freezingProcess pressure Ambient pressure ... 12 bar (... 174 psi) absoluteMinimum flowCOS22/22D-*1 (standard sensor):0.02 m/s (0.07 ft/s)COS22/22D-*3, COS22D-*4 (trace sensor):0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s)Chemical resistanceParts in contact with the medium are chemically resistant to:•Diluted acids and alkalis•Hot water and superheated steam up to max. 135 ˚C (275 ˚F)•CO 2 up to 100 %, only with trace sensor COS22/22D-*3Oxymax COS22D/COS228Endress+HauserHydrogen sulfide and ammonia shorten the operating life of the sensor.‣Do not use the sensor in applications where it is exposed to hydrogen sulfide or ammonia vapors.Cross-sensitivityCOS22/22D-*1/3Molecular hydrogen causes false low readings and can, in a worst-case scenario, result in total failure of the sensor.No cross interference from hydrogen with the COS22D-*4 version.CIP compatibility Yes (COS22/22D-*1/3)SIP compatibility Yes, max. 140 °C (284 °F) (COS22/22D-*1/3)AutoclavabilityYes, max. 140 °C (284 °F), max. 30 min. (COS22/22D-*1/3)Mechanical constructionDesign123457896A00118696COS22D7COS22123Plug-in head Thrust collar Sensor shaft456O-ring 8.5 x 1.5 mm Membrane body Shaft sleeve789Glass portion with anode and cathode Process seal 10.77 x 2.62 mm Process connection Pg 13.5Dimensions8Dimensions in mm (inch)Oxymax COS22D/COS22Endress+Hauser 99Dimensions in mm (inch)Flow assembly for sensors with Ø 12 mm (accessories)10Dimensions in mm (inch)WeightDepending on the design (length)0.2 kg (0.44 lbs) to 0.7 kg (1.54 lbs)MaterialsParts in contact with mediumSensor shaft (depending on the version)Stainless steel 1.4435 (AISI 316L)Titanium Alloy C22Electrode combinationCOS22/22D-*1/3: silver / platinum COS22D-*4: silver / gold Process sealVITON (FDA-compliant)Process seal for ATEX/FM/CSA/NEPSI/TIIS VITON (not FDA-compliant)Seals/O-ringsMembrane body, sealing ring for shaft sleeve VITON (FDA-compliant)Perfluoroelastomer with USP88 Class VI MembraneSilicone (FDA-compliant, in compliance with USP87/88 class VI), PTFE, steel meshProcess connection Pg 13.5Surface roughness R a < 0.38 µm Temperature sensorNTC 22 kΩOxymax COS22D/COS2210Endress+HauserElectrolyteCOS22/22D-*1 (standard sensor):Slightly alkaline electrolyte COS22/22D-*3 (trace sensor):Neutral electrolyteCOS22D-*4 (trace sensor, gold):Slightly alkaline electrolyteCertificates and approvalsmarkDeclaration of ConformityThe product meets the requirements of the harmonized European standards. As such, it complies with the legal specifications of the EC directives. The manufacturer confirms successful testing of the product by affixing to it the mark.Ex approvalsVersion COS22D-BAATEX II 1G / IECEx Ex ia IIC T3/T4/T6 Ga FM/CSA IS/NI Cl.1 Div.1 GP: A-D Version COS22D-NANEPSI Ex ia IIC T3/T4/T6 Ga Version COS22D-TA TIIS Ex ib IIC T4Material certificatesManufacturer declaration of FDA compatibilityThe manufacturer declares the use of FDA-listed materials.Ask your Sales Center for the certificates.Hazardous area versionsFor operation in FDA processes, another FDA-approved seal must be installed before the process seal (e.g. CPA442). Doing so will sufficiently separate the process from the Ex connection.Material test certificateA test certificate 3.1 in accordance with EN10204 is supplied depending on the version (→ Product Configurator on the product page).EHEDGCompliance with EHEDG's criteria for hygienic design •TÜV Rheinland, Apeldorn, Netherlands •Certificate type: Type EL Class IOrdering informationProduct page//cos22dOxymax COS22D/COS22Endress+Hauser 11Product Configurator The navigation area is located on the right of the product page.1.Under "Device support" click "Configure your selected product". The Configurator opens in a separate window.2.Select all the options to configure the device in line with your requirements. In this way, you receive a valid and complete order code for the device.3.Export the order code as a PDF or Excel file. To do so, click the appropriate button at the top of the screen.Scope of delivery The scope of delivery comprises:•Oxygen sensor with watering cap (filled with tap water) for protecting the membrane •Electrolyte, 1 bottle, 10 ml (0.34 fl.oz.)•Tool to push out the membrane body •Brief Operating InstructionsAccessoriesThe following are the most important accessories available at the time this documentation was issued. For accessories not listed here, please contact your service or sales office.Assemblies (selection)Cleanfit CPA875•Retractable process assembly for sterile and hygienic applications •For in-line measurement with standard 12 mm sensors for parameters such as pH, ORP and oxygen •Product Configurator on the product page: /cpa875Technical Information TI01168CFlowfit CPA240•pH/redox flow assembly for processes with stringent requirements •Product Configurator on the product page: /cpa240Technical Information TI00179CUnifit CPA442•Installation assembly for food, biotechnology and pharmaceutics •With EHEDG and 3A certificate •Product Configurator on the product page: /cpa442Technical Information TI00306CCleanfit CPA450•Manual retractable assembly for installing 120 mm sensors in tanks and pipes •Product Configurator on the product page: /cpa450Technical Information TI00183CFlow assembly •For sensors with Ø 12 mm and length 120 mm •Compact stainless steel assembly with low sampling volume •Order No. Order No.: 71042404Measuring cable Cable for COS22DCYK10 Memosens data cable •For digital sensors with Memosens technology •Product Configurator on the product page: /cyk10Technical Information TI00118COxymax COS22D/COS22Memosens data cable CYK11•Extension cable for digital sensors with Memosens protocol•Product Configurator on the product page: /cyk11Technical Information TI00118CCable for COS22COK21•Cable length 3 m (9.8 ft)Order No. 51505870•Cable length 10 m (33 ft)Order No. 51505868Zero-point gel COY8Zero-point gel for oxygen sensors•Oxygen-depleting gel for test purposes•Product Configurator on the product page: /coy8Technical Information TI01244CMaintenance kit COS22Z•Service Kit, COS22 and COS22D•Ordering information: /cos22d under "Accessories/spare parts"。

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