必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy知识点归纳及小测

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars知识点归纳

I.Important phrases

1．exist vi.存在；生存

(1)exist in存在于……之中

exist on 靠……为生

There exists/existed ... 某地有……；存在……

(2)existence n. 存在；生存

come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在

2．puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜

(1)puzzle over/about sth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨……

puzzle sth.out 琢磨出……的答案

a puzzle to sb. 对……来说是个谜

(2)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)

be puzzled about 对……感到迷惑

puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物)

3．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

pull away(汽车等)开走

pull down 拆毁；摧毁

pull up 停下(车)来；阻止

pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠

pull out 驶出；退出；(使)摆脱困境

pull through 康复；痊愈

4．force vt.促进；强迫n.力量；军队

(1) force sb. to do sth迫使……做

force sb. into doing sth. 迫使……做

force one's way (into) 强行前进或进入

force sth. on sb. 把……强加于某人

(2)by force 依靠武力

come into force (法律)实施

in force 大批地；大规模地

5．in time及时；终于；总有一天

(1)in no time 立刻；马上

at no time 绝不(位于句首，句子需倒装)

at a time 每次；一次

at one time 曾经；一度

at the same time 同时

from time to time 有时；偶尔

(2)take one's time 别着急；慢慢来

kill time 消磨时间

6．in one's turn轮到某人；接着

in turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来

by turns 轮流；交替地

take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事

It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事

It turns/turned out that ... 结果……

7．cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋

(1)cheer sb. on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油

cheer the victory 为胜利而欢呼

(2) cheering adj. 能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的

cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的

cheerless adj. 阴冷的；阴暗的；阴郁的；不快乐的

(3) Cheers! (用于祝酒)干杯！

8. solar system ; a social system; a railway system; the present education system

9. lay eggs

10. give birth to

11. block out

12. carbon dioxide

13. manned spaceship

14. watch out; watch out for

II. Important sentence patterns

1.make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.“使某人做某事……”(it是形式宾语，形容词是宾语补足

语，for sb.to do是真正的宾语)。

This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

2．.whether ...depends on whether ...“……是否……取决于是否……”。

So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved

3．倍数的表达方式之一：“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B 的多少倍”。

But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

说明：其他常用倍数表达方式：

①“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少

倍”。

②“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width ...＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。

4．It is/was obvious that ...“很明显……”。

It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.

5. now that引导的原因状语从句

Walking does need a bit of practice now_that_gravity_has_changed (既然地球引力已发生了变化)．

III．词形变化

1．like vt.喜欢→ dislike vt.不喜欢，厌恶

like prep.像→prep. unlike不像……的

likely adj. adv.可能的;可能地→unlikely adj. adv

2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地3．harmful adj.有害的→harm n．& v．伤害→harmless adj.无害的

4．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存→existent adj. 存在的

5. biology →biologist physics → physicist

6. foundation/fundament→fundamental→ fundamentally

7. system → systematic → systematically