经济学原理对应练习 Ch 30
Chapter 30
Money Growth and Inflation
Multiple Choice
1. Inflation can be measured by the
a. change in the consumer price index.
b. percentage change in the consumer price index.
c. percentage change in the price of a specific commodity.
d. change in the price of a specific commodity.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation MSC: Definitional
2. Over the last 70 years the average annual U.S. inflation rate was about
a. 2 percent.
b. 4 percent.
c. 6 percent.
d. 8 percent.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: U.S. inflation MSC: Definitional
3. Over the last 70 years the average annual U.S. inflation rate was about
a. 2 percent implying that prices have increased 10-fold.
b. 4 percent implying that prices have increased 10-fold.
c. 2 percent implying that prices have increased 16-fol
d.
d. 4 percent implying that prices increased about 16-fold.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Definitional
4. The price level rises from 120 to 150. What was the inflation rate?
a. 30%
b. 25%
c. 20%
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation MSC: Applicative
5. The price level rises from 120 to 12
6. What is the inflation rate?
a. 3%
b. 5%
c. 6%
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation MSC: Applicative
6. When prices are falling, economists say that there is
a. disinflation.
b. deflation.
c. a contraction.
d. an inverted inflation.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Deflation MSC: Definitional
7. If the price index in some country were falling over time, economists would say that country had
a. disinflation.
b. deflation.
c. a contraction.
d. an inverted inflation.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Deflation MSC: Applicative
1247
1248 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
8. Deflation
a. increases the ability to pay debts and raises the value of money.
b. increases the ability to pay debts and lowers the value of money.
c. reduces the ability to pay debts and raises the value of money.
d. reduces the ability to pay debts and lowers the value of money.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: U.S. inflation MSC: Interpretive
9. Which of the following statements about U.S. inflation is not correct?
a. Low inflation was viewed as a triumph of President Carter's economic policy.
b. There were long periods in the nineteenth century during which prices fell.
c. The U.S. public has viewed inflation of even 7 percent as a major economic problem.
d. The U.S. inflation rate has varied over time, but international data shows even more variation. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: U.S. inflation MSC: Definitional
10. Which of the following concerning the history of U.S. inflation is not correct?
a. Prices rose at an average annual rate of about 4 percent over the last 70 years.
b. There was about a 16-fold increase in the price level over the last 70 years.
c. Inflation in the 1970s was below the average over the last 70 years.
d. During it’s history the United States has experienced periods of deflation.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: U.S. inflation MSC: Definitional
11. Which of the following is correct?
a. hyperinflation is a period of extraordinarily high inflation.
b. deflation is negative inflation, not just a decrease in the inflation rate.
c. during the 1990s US inflation averaged 2% per year.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation MSC: Definitional
12. There was hyperinflation
a. during 1880-1896 in the United States.
b. in post-World War I Germany.
c. during the 1970s in the United States.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Hyperinflation MSC: Definitional
13. The classical theory of inflation
a. is also known as the quantity theory of money.
b. was developed by some of the earliest economic thinkers.
c. is used by most modern economists to explain the long-run determinants of the inflation rate.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
14. The quantity theory of money
a. is a fairly recent addition to economic theory.
b. can explain both moderate inflation and hyperinflation.
c. argues that inflation is caused by too little money in the economy.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity theory MSC: Definitional
Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation 1249
15. Economists all agree that
a. neither high inflation nor moderate inflation is very costly.
b. both high and moderate inflation are quite costly.
c. high inflation is costly, but disagree about the costs of moderate inflation.
d. moderate inflation is as costly as high inflation.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation costs MSC: Definitional
16. As the price level decreases, the value of money
a. increases, so people want to hold more of it.
b. increases, so people want to hold less of it.
c. decreases, so people want to hold more of it.
d. decreases, so people want to hold less of it.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money demand MSC: Definitional
17. An increase in the price level makes the value of money
a. increase, so people want to hold more of it.
b. increase, so people want to hold less of it.
c. decrease, so people want to hold more of it.
d. decrease, so people want to hold less of it.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money demand MSC: Definitional
18. When the price level falls, the number of dollars needed to buy a representative basket of goods
a. increases, so the value of money rises.
b. increases, so the value of money falls.
c. decreases, so the value of money rises.
d. decreases, so the value of money falls.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Value of money MSC: Definitional
19. When the price level rises, the number of dollars needed to buy a representative basket of goods
a. increases, and so the value of money rises.
b. increases, and so the value of money falls.
c. decreases, and so the value of money rises.
d. decreases, and so the value of money falls
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Value of money MSC: Definitional
20. The supply of money is determined by
a. the price level.
b. the Treasury and Congressional Budget Office.
c. the Federal Reserve System.
d. the demand for money.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money supply MSC: Definitional
21. The supply curve of money is vertical because the quantity of money supplied increases
a. when the value of money increases.
b. when the value of money decreases.
c. only if people desire to hold more money.
d. only if the central bank increases the money supply.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money supply MSC: Definitional
1250 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
22. The supply of money increases when
a. the value of money increases.
b. the interest rate increases.
c. the Fed makes open-market purchases.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money supply MSC: Definitional
23. Money demand refers to
a. the total quantity of financial assets that people want to hold.
b. how much income people want to make per year.
c. how much wealth people want to hold in liquid form.
d. how much currency the Federal Reserve decides to print.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money demand MSC: Definitional
24. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, the money demand curve slopes
a. upward because at higher prices people want to hold more money.
b. downward because at higher prices people want to hold more money.
c. downward because at higher price people want to hold less money.
d. upward, because at higher prices people want to hold less money.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money demand MSC: Definitional
25. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, as the price level increases the
quantity of money
a. demanded increases.
b. demanded decreases.
c. supplied increases.
d. supplied decreases.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money demand MSC: Interpretive
26. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, an increase in the price level causes a
a. shift to the right of the money demand curve.
b. shift to the left of the money demand curve.
c. movement to the left along the money demand curve.
d. movement to the right along the money demand curv
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money demand MSC: Interpretive
27. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, as the price level increases, the value
of money
a. increases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.
b. increases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.
c. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.
d. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money demand MSC: Definitional
28. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis,
a. money demand slopes up and money supply is horizontal.
b. money demand slopes down and money supply is vertical.
c. money demand slopes up and money supply is vertical.
d. money demand slopes down and money supply is horizontal.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money demand | Money supply MSC: Definitional
Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation 1251 29. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, long-run equilibrium is obtained when
the quantity demanded and quantity supplied of money are equal due to adjustments in the
a. the value of money.
b. real interest rates.
c. nominal interest rates.
d. money supply.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Definitional
30. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, if the price level is above the
equilibrium level, there is an
a. excess demand for money, so the price level will rise.
b. excess demand for money, so the price level will fall.
c. excess supply of money, so the price level will rise.
d. excess supply of money, so the price level will fall.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Analytical
31. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, if the value of money is below the
equilibrium level,
a. the price level will rise.
b. the value of money will rise.
c. money demand will shift left.
d. money demand will shift right.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Analytical
32. Suppose the money market,drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, is in equilibrium. If the money supply
increases, then at the old value of money there is
a. a shortage that will increase spending.
b. a shortage that will reduce spending.
c. a surplus that will increase spending.
d. a surplus that will reduce spending.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Analytical
33. Which of the following is correct?
a. If the Fed purchases bonds in the open market, then the money supply curve shifts right. A change in the price
level does not shift the money supply curve.
b. If the Fed sells bonds in the open market, then the money supply curve shifts right. A change in the price level
does not shift the money supply curve.
c. If the Fed purchases bonds, then the money supply curve shifts right. An increase in the price level shifts the
money supply curve right.
d. If the Fed sells bonds, then the money supply curve shifts right. A decrease in the price level shifts the money
supply curve right.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money supply MSC: Analytical
34. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, an increase in the money supply shifts
the money supply curve to the
a. right, lowering the price level.
b. right, raising the price level.
c. left, raising the price level.
d. left, lowering the price level.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
1252 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
35. If the Fed raises the money supply, then 1/P
a. falls, so the value of money falls.
b. falls, so the value of money rises.
c. rises, so the value of money falls.
d. rises, so the value of money rises.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Deflation | Inflation MSC: Interpretive
36. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, an increase in the money supply
a. increases the price level and the value of money.
b. increases the price level and decreases the value of money.
c. decreases the price level and increases the value of money.
d. decreases the price level and the value of money.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
37. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, an increase in the money supply
causes the equilibrium value of money
a. and equilibrium quantity of money to increase.
b. and equilibrium quantity of money to decrease.
c. to increase, while the equilibrium quantity of money decreases.
d. to decrease, while the equilibrium quantity of money increases.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
38. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, if the Fed sells bonds then
a. the money supply and the price level increase.
b. the money supply and the price level decrease.
c. the money supply increases and the price level decreases.
d. the money supply increases and the price level increases.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money supply MSC: Applicative
39. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, the value of money increases if
a. either money demand or money supply shifts right.
b. either money demand or money supply shifts left.
c. money demand shifts right or money supply shifts left.
d. money demand shifts left or money supply shifts right.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Analytical
40. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, the price level increases if
a. either money demand or money supply shifts right.
b. either money demand or money supply shifts left.
c. money demand shifts right or money supply shifts left.
d. money demand shifts left or money supply shifts right.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
41. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, the price level decreases if
a. either money demand or money supply shifts right.
b. either money demand or money supply shifts left.
c. money demand shifts right or money supply shifts left.
d. money demand shifts left or money supply shifts right.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation 1253
42. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, the price level increases if
a. money demand shifts right and decreases if money supply shifts right.
b. money demand shifts right and decreases if money supply shifts left.
c. money demand shifts left and decreases if money supply shifts right.
d. money demand shifts left and decreases if money supply shifts left.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
43. Open-market purchases by the Fed make the money supply
a. increase, which makes the value of money increase.
b. increase, which makes the value of money decrease.
c. decrease, which makes the value of money decrease.
d. decrease, which makes the value of money increas
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
44. Consider the money market drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis. If money demand is unchanged and
the price level rises, then
a. the money supply must have increased, perhaps because the Fed bought bonds.
b. the money supply must have increased, perhaps because the Fed sold bonds.
c. the money supply must have decreased, perhaps because the Fed bought bonds.
d. the money supply must have decreased, perhaps because the Fed sold bonds.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Analytical
45. In the fourteenth century, the Western African Emperor Kankan Musa traveled to Cairo where he gave away much
gold, which was in use as a medium of exchange. We would predict that this increase in gold
a. raised both the price level and the value of gold in Cairo.
b. raised the price level, but decreased the value of gold in Cairo.
c. lowered the price level, but increased the value of gold in Cairo.
d. lowered both the price level and the value of gold in Cairo.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
46. In the 1970s in response to recessions caused by an increase in the price of oil, the central banks in many countries
increased the money supply. The central banks might have done this by
a. selling bonds on the open market, which would have raised the value of money.
b. purchasing bonds on the open market, which would have raised the value of money.
c. selling bonds on the open market, which would have raised the value of money.
d. purchasing bonds on the open market, which would have lowered the value of money.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
47. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, an increase in the money supply
creates an excess
a. supply of money causing people to spend more.
b. supply of money causing people to spend less.
c. demand for money causing people to spend more.
d. demand for money causing people to spend less.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Analytical
48. A decrease in the money supply creates an excess
a. supply of money that is eliminated by rising prices.
b. supply of money that is eliminated by falling prices.
c. demand for money that is eliminated by rising prices.
d. demand for money that is eliminated by falling prices.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Analytical
1254 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
Use the figure below for the following questions.
Figure 30-1
49. Refer to Figure 30-1. If the money supply is MS2 and the value of money is 2,
a. the value of money is less than its equilibrium level.
b. the price level is higher than its equilibrium level.
c. the quantity of money demanded is greater than the quantity of money supplie
d.
d. the quantity of money supplied is greater than the quantity of money demanded.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Analytical
50. Refer to Figure 30-1. If the money supply is MS2 and the value of money is 2, there is excess
a. demand equal to the distance between A and C.
b. demand equal to the distance between A and B.
c. supply equal to the distance between A and C.
d. supply equal to the distance between A and B.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Analytical
51. Refer to Figure 30-1. When the money supply curve shifts from MS1 to MS2, the graph shows that
a. the demand for goods and services decreases.
b. the economy's ability to produce goods and services increases.
c. the equilibrium price level increases.
d. the equilibrium value of money increases.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
52. Refer to Figure 30-1. When the money supply curve shifts from MS1 to MS2,
a. the equilibrium value of money decreases.
b. the equilibrium price level decreases.
c. the supply of money has decrease
d.
d. the demand for goods and services will decreas
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
53. Refer to Figure 30-1. If the current money supply is located at MS1,
a. there is no excess supply or excess demand if the value of money is 2.
b. the equilibrium is at point C.
c. there is an excess supply of money if the value of money is 1.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Money market MSC: Applicative
Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation 1255
54. Economic variables whose values are measured in monetary units are called
a. dichotomous variables.
b. nominal variables.
c. classical variables.
d. real variables.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal variables MSC: Definitional
55. Economic variables whose values are measured in goods are called
a. dichotomous variables.
b. nominal variables.
c. classical variables.
d. real variables.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal variables MSC: Definitional
56. Sally sells 40 bags of lettuce for a total of $80 at the farmers’ market.
a. The $80 is a real variable. The quantity of lettuce is a nominal variable.
b. The $80 is a nominal variable. The quantity of lettuce is a real variable.
c. Both the $80 and the quantity of lettuce are nominal variables.
d. Both the $80 and the quantity of lettuce are real variables.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal variables | Real variables MSC: Definitional
57. Nominal GDP measures
a. the total quantity of final goods and services produced.
b. the dollar value of the economy's output of final goods and services.
c. the total income received from producing final goods and services measured in constant dollars.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal GDP MSC: Definitional
58. Real GDP measures
a. the total quantity of final goods and services produced.
b. the dollar value of the economy's output of final goods and services.
c. the total income received from producing final goods and services at current prices.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Real GDP MSC: Definitional
59. The price level is a
a. relative variable.
b. dichotomous variable
c. real variable.
d. nominal variabl
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Price level MSC: Definitional
60. The price of a Honda Accord
a. and the price of a Honda Accord divided by the price of a Honda Civic are both real variables.
b. and the price of a Honda Accord divided by the price of Honda Civic are both nominal variables.
c. is a real variable, and the price of a Honda Accord divided by a Honda Civic is a nominal variable.
d. is a nominal variable and the price of a Honda Accord divided by the price of a Honda Civic is a real variabl
e. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal variables | Real variables MSC: Interpretive
1256 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
61. An associate professor of economics gets a $100 a month raise. She figures that with her current monthly salary she
can't buy as many goods as she could last year.
a. Her real and nominal salary have risen.
b. Her real and nominal salary have fallen.
c. Her real salary has risen and her nominal salary has fallen.
d. Her real salary has fallen and her nominal salary has risen.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal variables | Real variables MSC: Interpretive
62. Your boss gives you an increase in the number of dollars you earn per hour. This increase in pay makes
a. your nominal wage increase. If your nominal wage rose by a greater percentage than the price level, then your
real wage also increased.
b. your nominal wage increase. If your nominal wage rose by a greater percentage than the price level, then your
real wage decreased.
c. your real wage increase. If your real wage rose by a greater percentage than the price level, then your nominal
wage also increased.
d. your real wage decreas
e. If your real wage rose by a greater percentage than the price level, then your nominal
wage decreased.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal variables | Real variables MSC: Interpretive
63. Interest rates for savings accounts listed on your bank’s website
a. and a price index are real variables.
b. and a price index are nominal variables.
c. are real variable and a price index is a nominal variable.
d. are nominal variables, and price index is a real variable
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal variables | Real variables MSC: Interpretive
64. Interest rates adjusted for the effects of inflation
a. and inflation are nominal variables.
b. and inflation are real variables.
c. are real variables; inflation is a nominal variable.
d. are nominal variables; inflation is a real variabl
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal variables | Real variables MSC: Definitional
65. You put money in the bank. The increase in the dollar value of your savings
a. and the change in the number of goods you can buy with your savings are both nominal variables.
b. and the change in the number of goods you can buy with your savings are both real variables.
c. is a nominal variable, but the change in the number goods you can buy with your savings is a real variable.
d. is a real variable, but the change in the number of goods you buy with your savings is a nominal variabl
e. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Definitional
66. The idea that nominal variables are heavily influenced by the quantity of money and that money is largely irrelevant
for understanding the determinants of real variables is called the
a. velocity concept.
b. Fisher effect.
c. classical dichotomy.
d. Mankiw effect.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
67. The classical dichotomy refers to the idea that the supply of money
a. is irrelevant for understanding the determinants of nominal and real variables.
b. determines nominal variables, but not real variables.
c. determines real variables, but not nominal variables.
d. is a determinant of both real and nominal variables.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation 1257
68. The classical dichotomy argues that changes in the money supply
a. affect both nominal and real variables.
b. affect neither nominal nor real variables.
c. affect nominal variables, but not real variables.
d. do not affect nominal variables, but do affect real variables.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
69. According to the classical dichotomy, which of the following increases when the money supply increases?
a. the real interest rate
b. real GDP
c. the real wage
d. None of the above increases.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
70. According to the classical dichotomy, which of the following is influenced by monetary factors?
a. real GDP
b. unemployment
c. nominal interest rates
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
71. According to the classical dichotomy, which of the following is influenced by monetary factors?
a. the real wage
b. the real interest rate
c. the nominal wage
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
72. According to the classical dichotomy, which of the following is not influenced by monetary factors?
a. the price level
b. real GDP
c. nominal interest rates
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
73. According to the classical dichotomy, which of the following is not influenced by monetary factors?
a. nominal GDP and nominal interest rates
b. real wages and real GDP
c. the price level and nominal GDP
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
74. Changes in nominal variables are determined mostly by the quantity of money and the monetary system according to
a. both the classical dichotomy and the quantity theory of money.
b. the classical dichotomy, but not the quantity theory of money.
c. the quantity theory of money, but not the classical dichotomy.
d. neither the classical dichotomy nor the quantity theory of money.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy | Quantity theory MSC: Definitional
1258 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
75. According to the classical dichotomy, when the money supply doubles, which of the following also double?
a. the price level and nominal wages
b. the price level, but not the nominal wage
c. the nominal wage, but not the price level
d. neither the nominal wage nor the price level
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
76. According to the classical dichotomy, when the money supply doubles which of the following double?
a. the price level and nominal GDP
b. the price level and real GDP
c. only real GDP
d. only the price level
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
77. The principle of monetary neutrality implies that an increase in the money supply will
a. increase real GDP and the price level.
b. increase real GDP, but not the price level.
c. increase the price level, but not real GDP.
d. increase neither the price level nor real GDP.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Monetary neutrality MSC: Definitional
78. According to the principle of monetary neutrality, a decrease in the money supply will not change
a. nominal GDP.
b. the price level.
c. unemployment.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Monetary neutrality MSC: Definitional
79. Monetary neutrality implies that an increase in the quantity of money will
a. increase employment.
b. increase the price level.
c. increase the incentive to save.
d. Not increase any of the abov
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Monetary neutrality MSC: Definitional
80. Most economists believe the principle of monetary neutrality is
a. relevant to both the short and long run.
b. irrelevant to both the short and long run.
c. mostly relevant to the short run.
d. mostly relevant to the long run.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Monetary neutrality MSC: Definitional
81. Most economists believe that monetary neutrality provides
a. a good description of both the long run and the short run.
b. a good description of neither the long run nor the short run.
c. a good description of the short run, but not the long run.
d. a good description of the long run, but not the short run.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Monetary neutrality MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation 1259
82. In order to maintain stable prices, a central bank must
a. maintain low interest rates.
b. keep unemployment low.
c. tightly control the money supply.
d. sell indexed bonds.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-3
TOP: Inflation MSC: Definitional
83. According to the classical dichotomy, when the money supply doubles, which of the following also double?
a. the price level
b. nominal wages
c. nominal GDP
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Classical dichotomy MSC: Definitional
84. The velocity of money is
a. the rate at which the Fed puts money into the economy.
b. the same thing as the long-term growth rate of the money supply.
c. the money supply divided by nominal GDP.
d. the average number of times per year a dollar is spent.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Velocity MSC: Definitional
85. Velocity is computed as
a. (P ×Y)/M.
b. (P ×M)/Y.
c. (Y ×M)/P.
d. (Y ×M)/V.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Velocity MSC: Definitional
86. Based on the quantity equation, if M = 100, V = 3, and Y = 200, then P =
a. 1.
b. 1.5.
c. 2.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Velocity MSC: Applicative
87. Based on the quantity equation, if M = 100, V = 4, and Y = 200, then P =
a. 1/2.
b. 2.
c. 8.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Velocity MSC: Applicative
88. According to the quantity equation, if P = 12, Y = 6, and M= 8, then V =
a. 16.
b. 9.
c. 4.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Applicative
1260 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
89. According to the quantity equation, if P = 2, Y = 6,000, and M= 3,000, then V =
a. 1/2.
b. 1.
c. 4.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Applicative
90. According to quantity equation the price level would change less the proportionately with a rise in the money supply
if there were also
a. either a rise in output or a rise in velocity.
b. either a rise in output or a fall in velocity.
c. either a fall in output or a rise in velocity.
d. either a fall in output or a fall in velocity.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Analytical
91. According to the assumptions of quantity theory, if the money supply increases 5% then
a. nominal and real GDP would rise by 5%.
b. nominal GDP would rise by 5%; real GDP would be unchanged.
c. nominal GDP would be unchanged; real GDP would rise by 5%.
d. neither nominal GDP nor real GDP would chang
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity theory MSC: Interpretive
92. According to the assumptions of the quantity theory, if the money supply increases 5%
a. both the price level and real GDP would rise by 5%.
b. the price level would rise by 5% and real GDP would be unchanged.
c. the price level would be unchanged and real GDP would rise by 5%.
d. both the price level and real GDP would be unchanged.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity theory MSC: Interpretive
93. Last year, Tealandia produced 50,000 bags of green tea. This was Tealandia’s only production. Each bag sold at 4
units each of Tealandia's currency-the Leaf. Tealandia's money supply was 10,000. What was the velocity of money in Tealandia?
a. 20
b. 5
c. 1/20
d. 1/5
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Velocity MSC: Applicative
94. According to the quantity equation if P = 4 and Y= 800, which of the following pairs could M and V be?
a. 800, 4
b. 600, 3
c. 400, 2
d. 200, 1
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Velocity MSC: Applicative
95. Velocity is
a. Y/(M x P) and increases if dollars are exchanged less frequently.
b. Y/(M x P) and increases if dollars are exchanged more frequently.
c. (P x Y)/M and increases if dollars are exchanged less frequently.
d. (P x Y)/M and increases if dollars are exchanged more frequently.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Velocity MSC: Analytical
Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation 1261
96. If Y and V are constant, and M doubles, the quantity equation implies that the price level
a. more than doubles.
b. changes but less than doubles.
c. doubles.
d. does not change
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Analytical
97. If Y and M are constant, and V doubles, the quantity equation implies that the price level
a. falls to half it’s original level.
b. doubles.
c. more than doubles.
d. does not chang
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Analytical
98. If V and M are constant, and Y doubles, the quantity equation implies that the price level
a. falls to half its original level.
b. does not change.
c. doubles.
d. more than doubles.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Analytical
99. If velocity and output were nearly constant,
a. the inflation rate would be much higher than the money supply growth rate.
b. the inflation rate would be about the same as the money supply growth rate.
c. the inflation rate would be much lower than the money supply growth rate.
d. any of the above would be possibl
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation | Inflation MSC: Analytical
100. Suppose that velocity rises while the money supply stays the same. It follows that
a. P x Y must rise.
b. P x Y must fall.
c. P x Y must be unchange
d.
d. the effects on P x Y are uncertain.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Velocity MSC: Applicative
101. The money supply in Tazland is $100 billion. Nominal GDP is $800 billion and real GDP is $200 billion. What are the price level and velocity in Tazland?
a. the price level and velocity are both 8
b. the price level is 8 and velocity is 4
c. the price level and velocity are both 4
d. the price level is 4 and velocity is 8
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Analytical
102. Suppose that the money supply tripled, but at the same time velocity fell by half and real GDP was unchanged.
According to the quantity equation the price level
a. is 1.5 times its old value.
b. is 3 times its old value.
c. is 6 times its old value.
d. is the same as its old valu
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Analytical
1262 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
103. Suppose that over some period the money supply tripled, velocity fell by half, and real GDP doubled. According to the quantity equation the price level is now
a. 6 times its old value.
b. 3 times its old value.
c. 1.5 times its old value.
d. .75 times its old value
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Analytical
104. Suppose that over some period the money supply tripled, velocity was unchanged, and real GDP doubled. According to the quantity equation the price level is now
a. 6 times its old value.
b. 3 times its old value.
c. 1.5 times its old value.
d. .75 times its old value
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Analytical
105. If real output in an economy is 1000 goods per year, the money supply is $300, and each dollar is spent an average of
3 times per year, then according to the quantity equation, the average price of goods is
a. $0.90.
b. $1.00.
c. $1.11.
d. $1.33.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Applicative
106. Suppose that monetary neutrality holds and that velocity is constant. A 5% increase in the money supply
a. increases the price level by more than 5%.
b. increases the price level by 5%.
c. increases the price level by 5%.
d. does not change the price level.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Applicative
107. Which of the following is not implied by the quantity equation?
a. If velocity is stable, an increase in the money supply creates a proportional increase in nominal output.
b. If velocity is stable and money is neutral, an increase in the money supply creates a proportional increase in the
price level.
c. With constant money supply and output, an increase in velocity creates an increase in the price level.
d. With constant money supply and velocity, an increase in output creates a proportional increase in the price level. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Quantity equation MSC: Analytical
108. If money is neutral and velocity is stable, an increase in the money supply creates a proportional increase in
a. real output only.
b. nominal output only.
c. the price level only.
d. Both the price level and nominal output.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Velocity | Monetary neutrality MSC: Analytical
109. The evidence from hyperinflations indicates that money growth and inflation
a. moved together, which is consistent with quantity theory.
b. moved together, which is not consistent with quantity theory.
c. did not move closely with each other, which is consistent with quantity theory.
d. did not move closely with each other, which is not consistent with quantity theory.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Hyperinflation | Quantity theory MSC: Definitional
Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation 1263 110. When the money supply and the price level in countries that experienced hyperinflation are plotted against time, we see that
a. the price level grew at about the same rate as the money supply.
b. the price level grew at a much faster rate than the money supply.
c. the price level grew at a much slower rate than the money supply.
d. the inflation rate and the money supply growth rate do not appear to be related.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Hyperinflation MSC: Definitional
111. The source of hyperinflations is primarily
a. lower output growth.
b. continuing declines in velocity.
c. increased money supply growth.
d. continuing increases in money demand.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Hyperinflation MSC: Definitional
112. Which of the following events in post-World War I Germany likely contributed to the rise of Nazism and World War II?
a. deflation that proved detrimental to farmers
b. an aversion to inflation by policymakers that kept wages from rising
c. an unexpected drop in inflation that hurt borrowers
d. an extraordinarily high rate of inflation
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Hyperinflation MSC: Definitional
113. The inflation tax
a. is an alternative to income taxes and government borrowing.
b. taxes most those who hold the most money.
c. is the revenue created when the government prints money.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation tax MSC: Definitional
114. Governments may prefer an inflation tax to some other kind of tax because the inflation tax
a. is easier to impose.
b. reduces inflation.
c. falls mainly on high-income individuals.
d. reduces the real cost of government expenditur
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation tax MSC: Definitional
115. The inflation tax falls mostly heavily on
a. those who hold a lot of currency and accounts for a large share of US revenue.
b. those who hold a lot of currency but accounts for a small share of US revenue.
c. those who hold little currency and accounts for a large share of US revenue.
d. those who hold little currency but accounts for a small share of US revenu
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation tax MSC: Definitional
116. Printing money to finance government expenditures
a. causes the value of money to rise.
b. imposes a tax on everyone who holds money.
c. is the principle method by which the U.S. government finances its expenditures.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation tax MSC: Definitional
1264 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
117. Which of the following is correct?
a. The Continental Congress used the inflation tax to help finance the American Revolution.
b. The inflation tax has been a principle source of revenue for the U.S. government.
c. There is no way a person can avoid the inflation tax.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation tax MSC: Definitional
118. Suppose that the United States unexpectedly decided to pay off its debt by printing new money. Which of the following would happen?
a. People who held money would feel poorer.
b. Prices would rise.
c. People who had lent money at a fixed interest rate would feel poorer.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Inflation costs MSC: Applicative
119. The claim that increases in the growth rate of the money supply increase nominal but not real interest rates is known as the
a. Friedman Effect.
b. Hume Effect.
c. Fisher Effect.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Fisher effect MSC: Definitional
120. The nominal interest rate is 3 percent and the inflation rate is 2 percent. What is the real interest rate?
a. 6 percent
b. 5 percent
c. 1.5 percent
d. 1 percent
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Applicative
121. The nominal interest rate is 4.5 percent and the inflation rate is .9 percent. What is the real interest rate?
a. 5.4 percent
b. 5 percent
c. 4.1 percent
d. 3.6 percent
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Applicative
122. The nominal interest rate is 3.5 percent and the inflation rate is 2 percent. What is the real interest rate?
a. 7 percent
b. 5.5 percent
c. 1.75 percent
d. 1.5 percent
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Applicative
123. The nominal interest rate is 6 percent and the real interest rate is 2 percent. What is the inflation rate?
a. 3 percent.
b. 4 percent.
c. 8 percent.
d. 12 percent.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Applicative
Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation 1265 124. The nominal interest rate is 5 percent and the real interest rate is 2 percent. What is the inflation rate?
a. 10 percent
b. 7 percent
c. 3 percent
d. 2.5 percent
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Applicative
125. If the nominal interest rate is 5 percent and there is a deflation rate of 2 percent, what is the real interest rate?
a. 7 percent
b. 5 percent
c. 3 percent
d. 3/5 percent
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate | Deflation MSC: Analytical
126. If the real interest rate is 8 percent and there is a deflation rate of 4 percent, what is the nominal interest rate?
a. 1/2 percent
b. 2 percent
c. 4 percent
d. 8 percent
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate | Deflation MSC: Analytical
127. The real interest rate is 8 percent and the nominal interest rate is 12 percent. Is there inflation or deflation? What is the inflation or deflation rate?
a. deflation; 1.5 percent
b. deflation; 4 percent
c. inflation; 1.5 percent
d. inflation; 4 percent
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Analytical
128. Whitney puts money in a savings account at her bank earning 3.5 percent. One year later she takes her money out and notes that while her money was earning interest, prices rose 1.5 percent. Whitney earned a nominal interest rate of
a. 3.5 percent and a real interest rate of 5 percent.
b. 3.5 percent and a real interest rate of 2 percent.
c. 5 percent and a real interest rate of 3.5 percent
d. 5 percent and a real interest rate of 2 percent
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Interpretive
129. Arnold puts money into an account. One year later he sees that he has 5 percent more dollars and that his money will buy 6 percent more goods.
a. The nominal interest rate was 11 percent and the inflation rate was 5 percent.
b. The nominal interest rate was 6 percent and the inflation rate was 5 percent.
c. The nominal interest rate was 5 percent and the inflation rate was -1 percent.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Applicative
130. Steven puts money into an account. One year later he sees that he has 6 percent more dollars and that his money will buy 2 percent more goods.
a. The nominal interest rate was 8 percent and the inflation rate was 6 percent.
b. The nominal interest rate was 6 percent and the inflation rate was 4 percent.
c. The nominal interest rate was 4 percent and the inflation rate was 2 percent.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate MSC: Applicative
1266 Chapter 30 /Money Growth and Inflation
131. If a country had deflation,
a. the nominal interest rate would be greater than the real interest rate.
b. the real interest rate would be greater than the nominal interest rate.
c. the real interest rate would equal the nominal interest rate.
d. None of the above is necessarily correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Real interest rate | Inflation MSC: Applicative
132. From the early 1980s through the early 1990s
a. both inflation and nominal interest rates rose.
b. both inflation and nominal interest rates fell.
c. the inflation rate fell and the nominal interest rate rose.
d. the inflation rate rose and the nominal interest rate fell.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Nominal interest rate | Inflation MSC: Definitional
133. The Fisher effect says that
a. the nominal interest rate adjusts one for one with the inflation rate.
b. the growth rate of the money supply determines the inflation rate.
c. real variables are heavily influenced by the monetary system.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Fisher effect MSC: Definitional
134. Under the assumptions of the Fisher effect and monetary neutrality, if the money supply growth rate rises, then
a. both the nominal and the real interest rate rise.
b. neither the nominal nor the real interest rate rise.
c. the nominal interest rate rises, but the real interest rate does not.
d. the real interest rate rises, but the nominal interest rate does not.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Fisher effect MSC: Definitional
135. Under the assumptions of the Fisher effect and monetary neutrality, if the money supply growth rate falls, then
a. both the nominal and the real interest rate fall.
b. neither the nominal nor the real interest rate fall.
c. the nominal interest rate falls, but the real interest rate does not.
d. the real interest rate falls, but the nominal interest rate does not.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Fisher effect MSC: Definitional
136. When money is neutral, which of the following increases when the money supply growth rate increases?
a. real output growth
b. real interest rates
c. nominal interest rates
d. the money supply divided by the price level
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 30-1
TOP: Monetary neutrality MSC: Interpretive
137. Which of the following can a country increase in the long run by increasing its money growth rate?
a. the nominal wage divided by the price level
b. real output
c. real interest rates
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 30-1
TOP: Monetary neutrality MSC: Interpretive
17春秋北交政治经济学原理在线作业一
一、单选题（共15道试题，共30分。）V1.资本循环的三种职能形式是（） A.产业资本、商业资本、借贷资本 B.固定资本、流动资本、生产资本 C.货币资本、生产资本、商品资本 D.不变资本、可变资本、流通资本 2.平均利润率的形成是（） A.不同部门的资本家之间竞争的结果 B.同一部门资本家之间竞争的结果 C.资本有机构成平均化的结果 D.无数资本家追逐超额利润的结果 3.现代企业制度的典型形式是（） A.股份制 B.股份合作制 C.合伙制 D.公司制 4.资本主义工资的本质是（） A.工人的劳动报酬 B.工人的劳动价格 C.工人根据自己提供的劳动量参与分配形式 D.劳动力的价值或价格 5.资本主义生产过程是（） A.劳动过程和价值形成过程的统一 B.劳动过程和价值增殖过程的统一 C.价值形成过程和使用价值生产过程的统一 D.物质资料再生产和资本主义生产关系再生产的统一 6.资本总公式的矛盾是指（） A.生产社会化与资本主义私人占有之间的矛盾 B.形式上的等价交换掩盖了事实上的剥削 C.资本流通中等价交换与价值增殖的矛盾 D.剩余价值既在流通中产生又不在流通中产生 7.公有制经济的实现形式（） A.不应当多样化 B.只能是单一的 C.可以也应当多样化 D.完全是自由的 8.政治经济学中所说的劳动二重性是指（） A.简单劳动和复杂劳动 B.具体劳动和抽象劳动 C.体力劳动和脑力劳动 D.私人劳动与社会劳动 9.资本主义级差地租产生的原因是（） A.土地的资本主义私有制 B.农业工人提供了剩余劳动 C.农业工人工资低于其它部门
D.土地的资本主义垄断经营 10.资本主义工资之所以掩盖了剥削,是由于它（） A.表现为劳动的价格 B.是劳动力的价值 C.是劳动者必要劳动创造的价值 D.是劳动力的价值或价格的转化形式 11.个别劳动的社会性质，通过（） A.商品的有用性来体现 B.商品的广告传播来体现 C.商品的交换来体现 D.商品质量的鉴定来体现 12.在资本主义社会中，利息的本质是（） A.通过G——G′形式从流通中产生 B.剩余价值的特殊转化形式 C.使用借货资本支付的报酬 D.借贷资本的所有权的产物 13.社会主义经济制度的基础是（） A.生产资料公有制 B.个体经济 C.私营经济 D.外资经济 14.资本主义银行利润的最终来源是（） A.存款利息低于贷款利息的差额 B.存款利息高于贷款利息的差额 C.银行雇员创造的剩余价值 D.产业工人创造的剩余价值 15.把公司全部资本分为等额股份，股东以其出资额为限对公司承担责任，公司以其全部资产对公司的债务承担责任，这是（） A.无限责任公司 B.股份有限公司 C.有限责任公司 D.合伙制企业 二、多选题（共15道试题，共45分。）V1.随着改革开放的深入，下列对计划和市场的关系认识正确的有 A.计划是社会主义的特有的属性 B.市场经济不等于资本主义，社会主义也有市场 C.计划经济不等于社会主义，资本主义也有计划 D.计划和市场都是经济手段 CD 2.如果剩余价值率不变，影响年剩余价值量的因素有 A.不变资本的数量 B.可变资本的数量 C.不变资本的周转速度 D.可变资本的周转速度
经济学原理对应练习 21
Chapter 21 The Theory of Consumer Choice Multiple Choice 1. The theory of consumer choice provides the foundation for understanding a. the structure of a firm. b. the profitability of a firm. c. a firm's product deman d. d. a firm's product supply. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 2. The theory of consumer choice examines a. the determination of output in competitive markets. b. the tradeoffs inherent in decisions made by consumers. c. how consumers select inputs into manufacturing production processes. d. the determination of prices in competitive markets. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 3. Consider two goods, books and hamburgers. The slope of the consumer's budget constraint is measured by the a. consumer's income divided by the price of hamburgers. b. relative price of books and hamburgers. c. consumer's marginal rate of substitution. d. number of books purchased divided by the number of hamburgers purchased. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Interpretive 4. If a consumer's income decreases, the budget constraint for CDs and DVDs will a. shift outward, parallel to the original budget constraint. b. shift inward, parallel to the original budget constraint. c. rotate outward along the CD axis because we can afford more CDs. d. rotate outward along the DVD axis because we can afford more DVDs. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 5. If the relative price of a concert ticket is 3 times the price of a meal at a good restaurant, then the opportunity cost of a concert ticket can be measured by the a. slope of the budget constraint. b. slope of an indifference curve. c. marginal rate of substitution. d. income effect. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 6. When the price of a shirt falls, the a. quantity of shirts demanded falls. b. quantity of shirts demanded rises. c. quantity of shirts supplied rises. d. demand for shirts falls. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1 TOP: Demand MSC: Analytical 898
政治经济学原理试题和答案
第一部分选择题（共50分） 一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）在每个小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将其号码填在题干后的括号内。 1. 马克思主义政治经济学的研究任务是（B ） A. 研究生产力及其发展规律 B. 揭示客观经济规律 C. 揭示资本主义剥削的实质 D. 研究社会经济运行状况 2. 衡量社会生产力发展水平的主要标志是（C ） A. 劳动资料 B. 劳动对象 C. 生产工具 D. 生产的产品 3. 商品的社会属性是指（ B ） A. 使用价值（自然属性） B. 价值 C. 交换价值 D. 抽象劳动 4. 决定商品价值量的是（ D ） A. 简单劳动 B. 商品的使用价值 C. 价格标准 D. 社会必要劳动时间 5. 1只绵羊＝2把石斧表示的是（D ） A. 一般的价值形式 B. 总和的或扩大的价值形式 C. 货币形式 D. 简单的或偶然的价值形式 6. 在商品供求关系平衡的条件下，商品价格（ A ） A. 与商品价值成正比，与货币价值成反比 B. 与商品价值成正比，与货币价值成正比 C. 与商品价值成反比，与货币价值成反比 D. 与商品价值成反比，与货币价值成正比
7. 货币转化为资本的前提条件是（ A ） A.劳动力成为商品 B. 生产资料可以买卖 C. 货币是一般等价物 D. 货币是社会财富的一般代表 8. 通过提高工人劳动强度取得剩余价值属于（ A ） A.绝对剩余价值 B. 相对剩余价值。在工作日长度不变的条件下，由于缩短必要劳动时间、相应延长剩余劳动时间而产生的剩余价值。相对剩余价值是全体资本家长期获得的，以全社会劳动生产率普遍提高为条件。 C. 超额剩余价值。个别资本家通过提高劳动生产率，使自己商品的个别价值低于社会价值而比一般资本家多得的那部分剩余价值。 D. 超额利润 9. 社会再生产就其内容来讲包括（ C ） A. 简单再生产和扩大再生产 B. 外延式扩大再生产和内涵式扩大再生产 C. 物质资料的再生产和生产关系的再生产 D. 生产资料的再生产和消费资料的再生产 10. 计件工资是（ A ） A. 计时工资的转化形式 B. 名义工资的转化形式 C. 实际工资的转化形式 D. 货币工资的转化形式 11. 资本积聚（ A ） A. 是依靠剩余价值的资本化实现的 B. 是由众多中小资本合并实现的 C. 是借助于竞争和信用来实现的 D. 不受社会财富增长速度的限制 12. 货币资本的循环公式是（A ）
马克思主义政治经济学原理第四课后习题答案
绪论 1、名词解释： (1)生产力：人们征服自然、改造自然、创造物质财富的能力。 (2)生产关系：在生产过程中，人们只有结成一定的关系进行共同活动和互相交换活动，才能和自然界发生联系，人们在生产过程中结成的这种关系，叫做生产关系。 (3)生产方式：是指社会生活所必需的物质资料的谋得方式，在生产过程中形成的人与自然 界之间和人与人之间的相互关系的体系。 (4)物质资料生产总过程：是由生产、分配、交换、消费四个环节组成的有机整体。生产是起点，消费是终点，分配和交换是连接生产和消费的中间环节。生产、分配、交换、消费相互制约、互相依赖，构成生产过程的矛盾运动。 (5)经济规律：社会经济发展过程中不以人们的意志为转移的客观的内在的本质的必然 的联系。 (6)基本经济规律：在一个社会形态里，会有许多个特有经济规律存在并发生作用，它们和 共有经济规律一起构成该社会经济制度的规律体系。在这些规律里，有一个起着决定作用的经济规律，即基本经济规律。 (7)抽象法：政治经济学对社会经济现象的研究，主要依靠抽象的思维能力。即首先收集和 占有大量的实际材料，然后运用抽象力对实际材料进行整理、加工、分析，去粗取精、去伪存真、由表及里，从中找出最基本、最简单的东西，并发现它们内在的各种联系。 (8)矛盾分析法：政治经济学要研究生产关系的发展运动，首先要分析生产关系内部的各种 矛盾关系以及生产关系同它的外部条件的矛盾关系，通过这些矛盾的分析，能揭示简单商品经济转化为资本主义商品经济的必然性。矛盾分析法包括一分为二看问题、普遍性与特殊性相结合、具体问题具体分析、坚持两点论和重点论的统一。 2、怎样理解政治经济学的研究对象 政治经济学研究的对象是社会生产关系。 物质资料的生产是政治经济学研究的起点，物质资料的生产是生产力与生产关系的统一。所谓生产关系，就是指人们在物质资料生产过程中结成的相互关系。生产关系也叫经济关系，它是一切社会关系中最基本的关系。马克思指出，人们“如果不以一定方式结合起来共同活动化相互交换其活动，便不能进行生产”。因此，生产在任何时候，任何条件下都是社会的生产，人们只有首先发生相互之间的联系，而后才能同自然界发生联系。在阶级社会中，则表现为阶级关系。 物质资料的生产是人类社会存在与发展的基础，而物质资料的生产又是不断进行的社会再生产过程。这一再生产过程包括生产、交换、分配、消费四个环节，社会再生产过程就是这四个环节的辩证统一过程。社会生产关系就是人们在社会生产和再生产过程中结成的生产、交换、分配、消费的社会关系的总和。 在这一整体中，起决定作用的是生产。所谓生产，是指以一定关系结合起来的人们改造自然、生产物质资料的过程。人们在这一过程中的共同活动和相互交换其活动的关系构成生产关系，这一生产关系既包括劳动者在分工协作基础上互相交换其活动与能力的关系，也包括社会生产各部门、企业之间在生产过程中发生的协作关系以及人们对生产进行组织管理方面的关系。首先，生产决定分配，有什么样性质的生产关系，就有与其相适应的分配形式，分配的结构决定于生产的结构，它体现人们对产品的所有权关系。其次，生产决定交换，交换包括人们在生产过程中发生的各种活动和能力的交换，以及一般产品和商品的交换。前者属于直接的生产过程，后者则是联结生产、分配、消费的中间环节。没有生产发展和社会分
政治经济学原理原著期末试卷完整版
政治经济学原理原著期 末试卷 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
《政治经济学原理原着》期末考试 一、名词解释：（15分，每题3分） 1、价值：凝结在商品中的无差别的人类劳动 2、资本：所谓资本就是能够带来剩余价值的价值， 资本可以分为不变资本和可变资本 3、抽象劳动：撇开具体形式的无差别的人类劳动， 就是抽象劳动 4、现在企业制度：是适应社会主义市场经济需要， 加快国有企业改革的有效途径。其基本特征是：产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开，管理科学。 5、经济发展：就是在内涵方面的发展，标志发展的 水平和质量。而不是体现在外延和规模上的发展二、单项选择题（20分，每题2分） 12345678910 D C A C B B C C A C 1、资本周转时间是指（） A劳动时间和流通时间B生产时间和劳动时 间 C购买时间和销售时间D生产时间和流通时 间 2、利润的本质是（） A劳动的报酬B资本的报酬 C剩余价值D劳动的价值或价格 3．在一切社会关系中最根本、最本质的关系是（） A生产关系B交换关系C分配关系D消费关系 4．个别资本家或企业首先提高劳动生产率获得的是 （） A绝对剩余价值B相对剩余价值 C超额剩余价值D年剩余价值 5．推动人类社会发展的普遍规律是（） A价值规律B生产关系一定要适合生产力状况的规律 C政治经济发展不平衡规律D按比例发展规律 6．在平均利润率既定条件下，利息率的高低取决于 （） A职能资本经营状况B借贷资本供求状况 C商品市场价格的高低D劳动力市场的供求 状况 7．划分经济时代和衡量人类控制自然能力并反映社会 生产力发展水平的标志是（） A人的劳动B劳动对象C生产工具D生产资料 8．商品内在的使用价值和价值的矛盾，其完备的外在 表现形式是（） A商品与商品之间的对立B货币与货币之间 的对立 C商品与货币之间的对立D资本与货币之间 的对立 9．平均利润率的形成是（） A不同部门资本家之间竞争的结果 B同一部门内部资本家之间竞争的结果 C资本有机构成提高的结果D整个资本家追求 超额利润的结果 10．资本主义生产方式的基本矛盾集中表现为（） A私人劳动和社会劳动的矛盾 B生产盲目扩大趋势和劳动群众购买力相对缩小之 间的矛盾 C生产社会化和生产资料资本主义占有之间的矛盾 D个别企业生产的有组织性和整个社会生产无政府 状态之间的矛盾 三、判断说明题（15分，每题3分） 1、教育对经济发展非常重要，依靠政府扩大教育支 出，发展高等教育是当前最重要的工作。 答：错。教育对经济发展非常重要，但教育投入要社会 化，尤其高等教育要民间部门的更多投资。另外，我国 是发展中国家，发展基础教育也很重要。 2、发展市场经济，开放程度越高，经济自由化程度越 高越好。 错。经济自由化与对外开放的进程应根据我国的国情而 定，对于我国目前来讲，完善市场体系，建立一个合理 化的经济结构显得十分必要，而不是盲目地进行自由化 的进程。 3、增加积累、扩大投资有利于经济增长，因而积累越 多越好。 答:错。增加积累、扩大投资有利于经济增长，但并非 积累越多越好。积累基金要?适度增长，并与消费基金 保持适当比例。
马克思政治经济学原理复习总结
第一章 导论 生产关系也叫经济关系。生产关系是人们在生产过程中结成的社会经济关系，它包括生产、分配、交换、消费过程中的各种经济关系。 研究的出发点 1、 物质资料生产的含义 1、劳动过程－－生产力 生产力的内涵、生产力的构成 2、 社会过程 －－生产关系 3、 生产力和生产关系构成了社会的生产方式，它是二者的对立统一。 *生产资料所有制是对社会生产中人们在生产资料的所有、占有、支配和使用上所结成的关系的制度规定，生产资料所有制是生产关系的基础。 （四）横向生产关系系统 生产力和生产关系的有机结合和统一，构成社会生产方式。人类征服自然、改造自然的能力，就叫生产力。 1. 生产力的性质决定生产关系的性质。 1.当生产关系适合生产力状况和发展要求时，它推动生产力发展。 1.要求生产关系的具体形式即经济体制，也必须同生产力的性质和水平相适应。 2.要求生产关系的具体形式即经济体制，也必须同生产力的性质和水平相适应 3. 要求在一定的经济体制下选择与之相适应的经济运行机制。 经济规律 :经济规律是经济现象和经济过程内在的、本质的、必然的联系。 经济规律特点：1.经济规律是不会长久不变的。 1.辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的方法 2科学的抽象法 3.数学和统计方法 4.逻辑和历史相统一的方法 ？思考题 1、 如何认识马克思主义政治经济学的与时俱进的理论品质？ 2 、什么是生产关系？马克思主义政治经济学研究生产关系的目的是什么？
第二章社会经济制度与经济运行的一般规律 原始公社制度、奴隶制度、封建制度、资本主义制度和社会主义制度这五种不同经济制度的依次变革。 封建主庄园等）的直接消费而进行生产的经济形式。 ：1.它是自给自足的经济 2.它是封闭型经济 3.它是保守性经济 4.它是以简单再生产为特征的经济 5.其中劳动者的私人劳动直接成为社会劳动的组成部分 自然经济相对应的经济形式。 .社会分工 2.生产资料和产品属于不同的特质的利益主体所有 2.商品经济是开放型经济。 3.商品经济是开拓进取型经济 4.商品经济以扩大再生产为特征 三、市场经济 1.资源配制市场化 2.企业行为自主化 3.企业产权商品化 4.宏观经济间接化 5.市场体系完善化 6.交易关系平等化 7.市场管理法制化8.经济生产国际化 特点：商品的自然属性，构成社会财富的物质内容，是交换价值和价值的物质承担者 ②价值：是凝结在商品中的一般人类劳动 特点：是商品的社会属性，体现商品生产者相互比较劳动和交换劳动的经济关系，是一个历史 范畴 *交换价值：表现为一种使用价值与另一种使用价值相交换的量的关系和比例 3、价值和交换价值的关系：1.价值是交换价值的基础和内容 2.交换价值是价值的表现形式 4、使用价值和价值的关系：1.使用价值与价值相互排排斥、相互对立（矛盾） 2.使用价值与价值相互排依存、相互作用（统一） !!!!任何商品都是使用价值和价值的统一体，价值是商品最本质的特征。 1、概念：是在一定具体形式下进行的劳动 2、特点：创造商品的使用价值，反映人和自然的关系，具有永久性 1、概念：撇开具体形式的无差别的一般人类劳动 1.统一性：是生产商品的同一劳动过程的两个方面 2.对立性：具体劳动是实现抽象劳动的必要前提，商品交换成功必然使具体劳动和抽象劳动相分离
马克思主义政治经济学原理-习题参考答案
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政治经济学原理课后习题-参考答案——学生用
《政治经济学原理》参考答案 本文档为2011年4月出版，张莹、李海峰主编《政治经济学原理》（978-7-115-24306-5）一书的课后单元测试参考答案仅供参考，如有异议，可请教授课老师或来邮件质询（；）。 第一章导论 一、单项选择题 B C A A A B A C B C B A C A C D B A D B B D C A C D 二、多项选择题 ABCD ABCD BCD ABCD AB ABCD CD ABCD ABCD ABCD 三、名词解释 经济规律：就是经济现象和经济过程中内在的、本质的、必然的联系，也就是生产关系的产生、发展和变化规律。 物质资料的生产：就是人们以一定的方式结合起来，按照自己设想的目的，运用劳动资料去加工劳动对象，改变劳动对象的形状、性质或地理位置，使被加工的产品能够满足人们生产和生活需要的活动。 生产资料所有制：就是人们在生产资料所有、占有、支配和使用等方面所结成的经济关系。 经济制度：是指一定社会属于统治地位的生产关系的总和，它反映生产关系的性质，是区分不同社会形态的基本依据。 四、辨析题 1. 由于生产关系对生产力有反作用，因此，变革生产关系就能促进生产力的发展。 答:错误。由于生产关系对生产力有反作用，因此，变革生产关系可以影响进生产力的发展。当变革后的生产关系适应生产力的发展水平和要求时，就会促进生产力的发展，当不适应时就会阻碍甚至破坏生产力的发展。 2. 经济规律和自然规律是完全相同的。 答:错误。经济规律除了有和自然规律相同的特点外还有自身独特的规律。具体表现为（1）
经济规律不能离开人的经济活动；（2）经济规律一般不是长久不变的；（3）在阶级社会里,认识和利用经济规律总是有阶级背景的。 五、问答题 1. 简述劳动过程的三个基本要素。 劳动过程具备的三个基本要素是：人的劳动、劳动对象和劳动资料，其中： （1）人的劳动就是具有一定生产经验和劳动技能的劳动者，为了获得满足自身或他人需要的有用产品而进行的有目的的活动。强调的是人类的有意识、有计划、有目的（即具有主观能动性）的活动。 （2）劳动对象是劳动者在生产过程中，把自己的劳动加于其上的一切物质资料，也就是劳动加工的对象。劳动对象有两类：一类是未经人类加工过的自然物,另一类是经过人类劳动加工过的物质资料。 （3）劳动资料，又叫劳动手段，是人们在生产过程中用来改变和影响劳动对象的一切物质资料。通过劳动资料，人的劳动被传导到了劳动对象上。劳动资料包括生产工具（包括机器设备）、土地、建筑物（厂房、库房）、道路等，其中最重要的是生产工具。 在这三个基本要素中，人的劳动是生产中的能动因素；而劳动对象和劳动资料的总和构成生产资料，是生产过程中不可缺少的客观物质条件。劳动者与生产资料有机结合的过程，就是物质资料的生产过程。 2. 什么是生产力，什么是生产关系？两者有着什么样的关系？ 生产力是指人们征服自然、改造自然、获得物质资料的能力。它体现的是人与自然的关系。生产关系指的是人们在物质资料生产过程中相互结成的经济关系。 生产力和生产关系是社会生产不可分割的两个方面，生产力是生产的物质内容，生产关系是生产的社会形式，二者相互联系、相互依存、有机统一，共同构成社会生产方式。 （1）生产力决定生产关系，主要表现在：生产力决定生产关系的性质和发展。有什么样的生产力就有什么样的生产关系；生产力的发展变化必然引起生产关系的发展变化。 （2）生产关系对生产力有重要的反作用,主要表现在：当生产关系适应生产力发展水平和要求时，就会促进生产力的发展；当生产关系不适应（超前或是落后）生产力发展水平与要求时，就会阻碍甚至破坏生产力的发展。 （3）生产关系一定要适应生产力的发展状况,由于生产力是生产的物质内容，生产关系是生产的社会形式，形式必须与内容相适应，所以，生产关系一定要适应生产力的发展，这是不以人的意志为转移的客观规律，是推动人类社会发展进步的基本规律。 3. 如何理解马克思主义政治经济学是阶级性和科学性的统一？ 马克思主义政治经济学，既是一门揭示社会经济发展规律的科学，又是代表工人阶级和广大劳动人民利益的经济学说。它实现了阶级性和科学性的统一。 一方面，马克思主义政治经济学是无产阶级的政治经济学，代表着无产阶级的利益，具有鲜明的阶级性。另一方面，由于无产阶级作为先进生产力和生产方式的代表，其经济地位和阶级利益的要求与社会发展的方向完全一致，无产阶级在认识和揭示社会经济发展规律方面，既不同于以往的剥削阶级受狭隘的阶级私利的局限，又没有阶级的偏见妨碍自己如实地揭示客观真理，因而无产阶级能够坚持以科学的态度去探索、认识和反映社会经济发展的客观经济规律。马克思主义政治经济学具有高度科学性和真理性。