欧洲文化入门
1．第1题
Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland Greece?
A.Doric
B.Ionic
C.Corinthian
https://www.360docs.net/doc/f68150819.html,posite
您的答案：A
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2．第2题
Which one of the following statements about “Jacques rebellion” is NOT true?
A.The peasants involved in the rebellion had a clear political program and organization.
B.The rebellion took its name from a contemptuous nickname used by the French nobles for any peasant.
C.Rebellious peasants burned down castles, murdered their lords, and raped their lords’ wives.
D.Within a month the rebellion was suppressed by French nobles.
您的答案：A
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3．第3题
The Council of Constance marked
A.the largest religious gathering of the Late Middle Ages.
B.the end of the Western Schism.
C.the success in dealing with the problems of heresy.
D.the success in dealing with the problems of the church reform.
您的答案：B
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4．第4题
Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is NOT true?
A.She was born in a well-to-do peasant family.
B.She grew up with a strong religious belief.
C.Charles refused her to accompany the army.
D.She was burned at stake.
您的答案：C
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5．第5题
Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great?
A.He concentrated power in his own hands.
B.He made Christianity the state religion.
C.He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.
D.He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire.
您的答案：B
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6．第6题
The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by _____.
A.small farmers
B.slaves
C.serfs
D.Roman legions
您的答案：B
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7．第7题
Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery and military service became hereditary?
A.Octavian
B.Diocletian
C.Constantine
D.Theodosius
您的答案：A
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8．第8题
The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities is ____.
A.Athens
B.Sparta
C.Alexandria
D.Thebes
您的答案：C
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9．第9题
The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____.
A.reviving many classical texts forgotten or lost for a long time.
B.spreading the knowledge beyond the small circle of scholars.
C.refusing to accept religious teaching or read religious works.
D.paying more attent ion to man’s world and life on earth.
您的答案：C
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10．第10题
Which of the following Renaissance writers was not known for his sonnets?
A.Dante
B.Petrarch
C.Edmund Spencer
D.William Shakespeare
您的答案：A
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11．第11题
Which one is not a period of Italian Renaissance Art?
A.Early Renaissance
B.Middle Renaissance
C.High Renaissance
https://www.360docs.net/doc/f68150819.html,te Renaissance
您的答案：B
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12．第12题
Who did not belong to the Florentine School of the Early Renaissance art?
A.Brunelleschi
B.Donatello
C.Masaccio
D.Raphael
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13．第13题
Which is the key feature of the Mannerism of the Late Renaissance art?
A.the invention of new artistic techniques
B.the imitation of Greek and Roman styles
C.the representation of idealized human figures
D.the use of intense colors, strange themes and twisted figures.
您的答案：D
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14．第14题
What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles?
A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramas
B.fabliaux, fables and romance poetry
C.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetry
D.fabliaux, fables and dramas
您的答案：C
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15．第15题
Jesus lived in the __.
A.early 1st century
https://www.360docs.net/doc/f68150819.html,te 1st century
C.early 2nd century
https://www.360docs.net/doc/f68150819.html,te 2nd century
您的答案：A
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16．第16题
Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death?
A.the regional and ethnic diversity
B.the conflicts between different successors to the throne
C.the destructive attacks of non-Christian invaders
D.the emergence of feudalism
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17．第17题
Which of the following statements about Papacy at Avignon is NOT true?
A.The reform measures of Avignon papacy turned the papacy into a more spiritual than political institution.
B.Several popes were Frenchmen, and 113 out of the 134 new cardinals created by the popes were French.
C.Papal influence in England and in Germany declined.
D.This period in church history is called the Babylonian Captivity.
您的答案：A
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18．第18题
Which of the following statements about villages in the Middle Ages is NOT true?
A.Villages ranged in size from ten to several hundred peasant families, living in a cluster of cottages surrounded by their fields.
B.Most villages had woodland which provided burning wood and building materials.
C.Many villages had a stream or pond for water supply, fish and a water mill for grinding grain.
D.Few villages had a few artisans and traders who combined farm work with other labor.
您的答案：D
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19．第19题
Christianity originated from__.
A.Turkey
B.Palestine
C.North Africa
D.the Western Europe
您的答案：B
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20．第20题
The second founding father of Christianity was _____.
A.St. Peter
B.St. Paul
C.St. Athanasius
D.St. Augustine
您的答案：B
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21．第21题
Who was not a representative writer of Northern Renaissance?
A.Giovanni Boccaccio
B.William Shakespeare
C.Fran鏾is Rabelais
D.Miguel de Cervantes
您的答案：A
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22．第22题
Of the following philosophical schools, which one had perhaps the greatest influence on Roman laws and government?
A.Epicureanism
B.Stoicism
C.Cynicism
D.Neo- Platonism
您的答案：B
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23．第23题
Constantine the Great named the new imperial capital ______.
A.Constantinople
B.Byzantium
C.New Rome
D.Istanbul
您的答案：B
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24．第24题
Which description of the Islamic philosophy is true?
A.Al-Farabi believed that philosophy and religion are not reconcilable.
B.Al-Ghazali regarded Greek philosophy as corrupters of Islamic faith.
C.Averro雜 believed that philosophical truth can not be tested.
D.Averro雜 thought that philosophers can not truly comprehend theological truth.
您的答案：B
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25．第25题
Alcuin established ______ as the basis for education during the Carolingian renaissance.
A.the Carolingian minuscule
B.trivium and quadrivium
C.medieval Latin
D.biblical texts
您的答案：B
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26．第26题
The Roman Republic was founded in _____.
A.509
B.
C.
B.471 B.
C.
C.445 B.C.
D.367 B.C.
您的答案：A
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27．第27题
The first city- builders in Italy were ________.
A.the Greeks
B.the Latins
C.the Etruscans
D.the Italians
您的答案：C
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28．第28题
Which one of the Roman Emperors resembles the “philosopher king” praised by Plato?
A.Trajan (r. 98-117 A.D.)
B.Hadrian (r. 117-138 A.D.)
C.Antoninus Pius (r. 138-161 A.
D.)
D.Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180 A.D.)
您的答案：D
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29．第29题
Which one of the following architectural constructions was not typical Roman?
A.dome
B.vault
C.arch
D.column
您的答案：D
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30．第30题
Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian political reforms?
A.People’s Assembly
B.People’s Court
C.Council of citizens
D.Council of nobles
您的答案：C
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31．第31题
In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won a smashing victory in the battle of ____.
A.Thermopylae
B.Marathon
C.Salamis
D.Plataea
您的答案：B
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32．第32题
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.The pope was assisted by the papal curia
B.The curia was an extensive bureaucracy which contained specialized departments
C.The curia was directed by the College of Cardinals whose members were selected by kings
D.Like kings, the popes issued laws, hired masters to collect revenues and judge cases, even declared wars
您的答案：C
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33．第33题
What is the Central Middle Ages also called?
A.“Age of Art”
B.“Age of History”
C.“Age of Faith”
D.“ Age of Science”
您的答案：C
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34．第34题
Constantine the Great declared __.
A.Christianity as the only religion
B.toleration for all religions
C.the end of Imperial Cult
D.paganism illegal
您的答案：D
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35．第35题
Which statement about the humanist education during the Renaissance is wrong?
A.The goal of education was to produce independent, virtuous and capable men who excelled in many different fields.
B.The program of study relied heavily on classical training, but it also contained many other subjects.
C.The Renaissance education enhanced the impact of the humanist ideas on the ruling class and the elite.
D.The educational program of the humanists placed a high value on science.
您的答案：D
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36．第36题
Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054?
A.The rulers of most European peoples adopted Christianity for themselves and their subjects
B.The invasions from Vikings and Magyars not only destroyed many churches and monasteries but also greatly damaged the church institutions
C.There were few schools to train clergy, and many church officers were shallow and incompetent
D.Pope Leo IX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius
您的答案：D
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37．第37题
Which of the following statements about the Crusades is NOT true?
A.On the way to the Holy Land, a crusader wore the white cross on his outfit
B.The Crusades increased the power of the Papacy and the wealth of the Church
C.The Crusades strengthened the power of national monarchies and undermined feudalism
D.The Crusades set the first example of European expansionism
您的答案：A
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38．第38题
What were the three classes of people in the Central Middle Ages?
A.Pope, peasants and nobles
B.kings, lords and monks
C.clergy, lords and peasants
D.warriors, peasants and priest
您的答案：C
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39．第39题
Roman religion was _____.
A.borrowed entirely from the Greeks
B.not purely Roman
C.invented by Romans
D.borrowed from the Egyptians
您的答案：B
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40．第40题
Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in the following ways except for____.
A.Both were concerned with the good of the individual.
B.Both were idealistic in world view.
C.Both believed that reason is the key to solution of social problems.
D.Both thought highly of the peace of mind.
您的答案：B
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41．第41题
All of the following political ideas can be accredited to the Romans EXCEPT ____.
A.popular sovereignty
B.social contract theory
C.democracy
D.separations of power
您的答案：C
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42．第42题
Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctive features except for ______.
A.strong national flavor
B.great religious concern
C.influence of classicism
D.belief in Christian humanism
您的答案：C
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43．第43题
Which description of Greek democracy of the Archaic Period is not true?
A.It began as an expanded version of oligarchy.
B.It is the same with modern democracy.
C.It ensured an easier coexistence between different classes.
D.Solon’s reforms laid the foundation for the Athenian democracy.您的答案：B
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44．第44题
In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.
A.Iconoclasm
B.official language
C.explanation of the Holy Spirit
D.baptism
您的答案：D
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45．第45题
Which one is NOT the factor that contributed to the success of the Byzantine Empire?
A.prestige of the emperor
https://www.360docs.net/doc/f68150819.html,mitment to classicism
C.flourishing trade
D.a well- trained army
您的答案：B
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46．第46题
Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?
A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.
B.More lands were under cultivated.
C.Farming technology improved greatly.
D.The food price dropped drastically.
您的答案：D
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47．第47题
The Black Death struck a serious blow to the Catholic Church in the following ways, EXCEPT
A.The Church failed to explain why God willed this awful punishment on His followers.
B.Many clergy stuck to their Christian duties and died.
C.There was a severe shortage of clergy.
D.Church was unable to cure the plague victims.
您的答案：B
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48．第48题
Which one is NOT the reason that Justinian is considered the first great Byzantine emperor?
A.He reconquered the lost territories of the former Western Roman Empire.
B.He ordered scholars to codify all Roman laws into one coherent body of law.
C.He declared himself to be God’s representative on earth.
D.He commissioned the construction of Hagia Sophia.
您的答案：C
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49．第49题
Which of the following descriptions of pre-Islamic Arabia is not true?
A.Pre-Islamic Arabia was backward and underdeveloped.
B.Pre-Islamic Arabs showed no interest in sea trade.
C.Mecca was one of the most important trading centers.
D.Pre-Islamic Arabs would pray to their tribal gods or goddesses.
您的答案：A
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50．第50题
Three of the following statements are true with the early experience
of Christianity. Which one is the exception?
A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.
B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.
C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.
D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.
您的答案：A
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51．第51题
Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist in ancient Greece?
A.His creation of less heroic and more realistic characters.
B.His sharp criticism of conventional values.
C.His view of the human soul as a place where opposing forces struggle.
D.His use of graceful language and perfect form.
您的答案：B
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52．第52题
Which one of the following statements about the Great Famine is NOT true?
A.It was the worst famine in European history.
B.It lasted for seven hard years.
C.In cities alone, there was shortage of food supplies.
D.By the time it ended, the Great Famine had wiped out 10 percent to
15 percent of the entire European population.
您的答案：C
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53．第53题
The Wars of Roses ended up in
A.The emergence of the new emblem of the red and white Tudor Rose.
B.The split of the two royal houses.
C.The establishment of the Dynasty of Tudor by King Henry VIII.
D.The subsequent ruling of England and Scotland for 117 years.
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54．第54题
The following kings were called “new monarchs”, EXCEPT
A.Louis XI of France
B.Friedrich I of Germany
C.Henry VII of England
D.Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
您的答案：B
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55．第55题
The prose writing of _____ had the greatest influence on Latin literature in the Middle Ages.
A.Livy (59
B.
C.-18 A.
D.)
B.Cicero (106-43 B.
C.).
C.Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.
D.)
D.Juvenal (55-130 A.D.)
您的答案：B
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56．第56题
Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.
A.suppressed by the Romans
B.eliminated by the Romans
C.welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the Romans
D.driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas.
您的答案：C
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57．第57题
The gladiator show indicated Roma ns’ love for _____.
A.adventure
B.fun
C.violence
D.entertainment
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58．第58题
Which Hellenistic kingdom ruled Egypt and parts of the Middle East?
A.Ptolemaic Kingdom
B.Antigonid Kingdom
C.Seleucid Kingdom
D.Pergamum Kingdom
您的答案：C
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59．第59题
Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”?
A.Herodotus
B.Thucydides
C.Xenophon
D.Polybius
您的答案：A
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60．第60题
Which is not one of the things that the Viscontis, the Sforzas and the Medicis had in common?
A.They were wealthy and powerful families in Italy.
B.They were rulers of Milan during the Renaissance.
C.They ordered the construction of great architectures.
D.They were generous patrons of artists and intellectuals.
您的答案：B
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61．第61题
Which description of Petrarch is wrong?
A.He was known as the “father of humanism”.
B.He was the first to coin the term “Dark Ages”.
C.He valued his Italian writings more than his Latin writings.
D.He was financed by Galeazzo II Visconti.
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62．第62题
Which is not one of the three great achievements of Italian Renaissance art?
A.the revival of classical texts
B.the discovery of linear perspective
C.the knowledge of anatomy
D.the knowledge of the classical forms
您的答案：A
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63．第63题
Who was not one of the three masters of the High Renaissance art?
A.Leonardo da Vinci
B.Raphael
C.El Greco
D.Michelangelo
您的答案：C
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64．第64题
1066 marked the__
A.defeat of the Vikings
B.Norman Conquest of England
C.death of William I
D.death of Alfred the Great
您的答案：B
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65．第65题
Which of the following was NOT true about the early Christians?
A.They defied the Roman political authorities
B.They accepted the idea that emperors were divine.
C.They banned paganism
D.They suffered religious persecution
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66．第66题
For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____.
A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah.
B.it is too difficul t to translate the rhymed prose of Qur’an.
C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted.
D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated.
您的答案：C
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67．第67题
The following statements about the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 are true EXCEPT ______.
A.It accomplished its objectives.
B.It received help from members of the noble classes
C.It succeeded in showing the nobles what peasants were capable of when dissatisfied.
D.It marked the beginning of the end of serfdom in medieval England.您的答案：A
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68．第68题
Which one of the following statements about the English Parliament in 1259 is NOT true?
A.it included two knights from every county
B.it included two burgesses from every town
C.it included the king’s Grea t Council (barons, bishops, judges, advisors)
D.it was a major check on royal authority
您的答案：D
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69．第69题
Which of the following statements about the development of science in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?
A.Translation of Greek and Arabic scientific works gave new impetus
to the study of science.
B.Arabic numbers were introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardo de Pisa.
C.Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon and others made Cambridge University the center of scientific studies during the thirteenth century.
D.Bacon wrote three important books, Great Work, Small Work and Third Work.
您的答案：C
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70．第70题
In the year _____ Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.
A.311
B.313
C.324
D.380
您的答案：D
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71．第71题
Christians considered pagan gods_____.
A.as demons
B.as humans
C.incredible
D.supernatural
您的答案：A
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72．第72题
In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking during the Renaissance Age?
A.the inclusion of science in the educational program
B.the emphasis on how things happened in nature
C.the development of new scientific methods
D.the acceptance of heliocentric theory
您的答案：B
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73．第73题
Which of the following statements about ciompi is NOT true?
A.They formed a ciompi guild.
B.They formed a people’s militia.
C.They granted political representation in the government.
D.They had not lost their hold on power.
您的答案：D
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74．第74题
Which of the following statements about Byzantine classicism is true?
A.The Byzantines revered ancient Greek literature, philosophy and historiography.
B.The Byzantines emphasized Greek scientific and mathematical tradition.
C.The Byzantines were not only imitative, but also creative in their study of Greek tradition.
D.The Byzantine authors thought they could eventually surpass ancient Greek authors.
您的答案：A
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75．第75题
What event marked the climax of Charlemagne’s career and the formation of western European civilization?
A.Charlemagne became the Frankish king and ruled most of Western Europe.
B.Charlemagne produced the best government Europe had seen since the Romans.
C.Charlemagne built a united Christian society and had an alliance with the papacy.
D.Charlemagne was crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope.
您的答案：D
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76．第76题
It was during the ____ that the Romans were defeated by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal.
完整版欧洲文化入门参考资料
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四川大学外国语学院638 基础英语、918 英语专业综合知识考
四川大学外国语学院638 基础英语、918 英语专业综合知识考研全套资料真题答案辅导笔记模拟卷 2015年弘毅考研川大分部研究生团队已达50多人，涵盖经济、法学、文学、新传、外国语、艺术、历史、旅游、数学、化学、生物、电子、材料、机械、电气、计算机、环境、水土、水利、化工、发酵、行管、教经、社保、商院、体育、马克思、护理、口腔、公卫、预防、药学等30多个院系专业，是目前专业课考研最权威的专业团队，以“弘毅川大考研论坛”为基石，各个专业的学长学姐给您答疑解惑。为您全程护航。 2015年四川大学考研的成功与否，不仅仅取决于自己是否足够努力，更多在于自己能否拿到真正有价值的川大专业课备考复习资料和获得内部考研信息，这将极大地决定着自己一年的辛苦努力是否能划上圆满的句号。 鉴于此，弘毅考研根据自己多年考研专业课成功辅导经验，联合川大高分研究生团队，同时和高分研究生团队一起将最有价值的考研复习资料通过科学的排版，荣誉推出了2015版《弘毅胜卷系列——完备复习指南、历年真题解析、高分辅导讲义、最后三套模拟卷》专业精品复习资料，该辅导系统从根本上解决了广大考研学子考研专业课信息不对称、考研专业课复习难度大等问题，三年来倍受好评，每年考取我校的大部分同学来自我们川大考研论坛的全程辅导，“弘毅胜卷”也成为每一个报考四川大学外国语学院英语语言文学专业的考生人手一册、不可或缺的考研专业课复习备考资料。 《弘毅胜卷》的特点： 1.“全”：本资料把参考书可能考到的知识点都全部列出，并做了详细的讲解，并对历年真题进行透彻的解析； 2.“简”：为不增加考生负担，对考点的讲解，尽量做到精简，除去了教材繁琐臃肿的语言，直击要害； 3.“具实用性”：各高校考题的重复率非常高。针对此规律，本资料将专业涉及到的真题举例附在每个考点后面，方便大家查阅。 4.“具时效性”：本资料会根据最新的招生简章和目录、最新的参考书目和考试大纲对资料进行及时调整、更新，让弘毅胜卷臻于完善！ 提醒：为保证产品质量，我们在反盗版技术上投入了很大人力物力，首先在阅读体验上远远超越盗版资料（加了水印和红白页，复印基本看不清楚），同时弘毅考研每年均根据当年最新考试要求进行改版升级并提供超值的售后服务，并将后续重要资料分期发送，盗版将丢失这些重要资料，请考生务必谨慎辨别，不要为了省一点小钱购买其他机构或个人销售的盗版材料而耽误备考，甚至影响前途的大事情。同时也请大家支持正版，你们一如既往的支持，是我们一直大力度的投入开发的动力。
欧洲入门文化试题及答案
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4．第4题 The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___. A.12 is a lucky number B.they were the only apostles Jesus had C.they were the only apostles Jesus could select D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第5题 Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ . A.Pandora B.Zeus C.Chaos D.Cronus 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 6．第6题 Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology? A.They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortals B.They never die C.They got gods' favor D.They had some defect to balance out their power 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 7．第7题
欧洲文化入门(中世纪)
作业 1．第1题 Which one of the following statements about the Great Famine is NOT true? A.It was the worst famine in European history. B.It lasted for seven hard years. C.In cities alone, there was shortage of food supplies. D.By the time it ended, the Great Famine had wiped out 10 percent to 15 percent of the entire European population. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is NOT true? A.She was born in a well-to-do peasant family. B.She grew up with a strong religious belief. C.Charles refused her to accompany the army. D.She was burned at stake. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____. A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah. B.it is too difficult to translate the rhymed prose of Qur’an. C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted. D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题 Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death? A.the regional and ethnic diversity B.the conflicts between different successors to the throne
2014年10月北京自考欧洲文化入门模拟试题和答案
2014年10月北京自考欧洲文化入门模拟试题和答案100017 一、Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points，2 points each) 第1题 In the second half of the 4th century B.C.， all Greece was brought under the rule of___________ ，King of Macedon. A. Homer B. Sophocles C. Alexander D. Alfred 【正确答案】 C 【你的答案】 本题分数2分 第2题 In ancient Greece，plays were performed in_____________. A. theatres B. open-air sports ground C. private houses D. open-air theatres 【正确答案】 D 【你的答案】 本题分数2分 第3题 The first emperor of the Roman Empire was________________. A. Constantine B. Julius Caesar C. Octavius D. Augustus 【正确答案】 D 【你的答案】 本题分数2分 第4题 The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean______________. A. wanderers B. travelers
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案 第一章 填空题： 1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian 2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey 3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides 4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus 5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides 6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C. 7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar 8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly. 判断题 1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes 2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians 名词解释： 1. Pax Romana 答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana 2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece 答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks mea nt only the adult male citizens. 2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy. 论述题： 1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop? 1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics. 2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C. A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century. B. The establishment of democracy. C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens. 3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.
《欧洲文化入门》知识点笔记
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英语文学文化及影视赏析
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此本书采用历史叙述法，将全部内容 分为10个大题按照时间顺序来讲，如下： 1 希腊，罗马文化； 2 基督教及其《圣经》； 3 中世纪； 4 文艺复兴与宗教改革； 5 17世纪； 6 启蒙运动； 7 浪漫主义； 8 马克思主义与达尔文学说； 9 现实主义； 10现代主义及其他。 在每题之内也已介绍最重要的基本事实为主，讲述力求具体扼要。以下是总目录（主干），其实每个目录下都包含还有很多内容（枝节），在本书中都有详细介绍Contents: Introduction https://www.360docs.net/doc/f68150819.html,es of the Subject 2.Two Major Elements in European Culture DIVISION ONE GREEK CULTURE AND ROMAN CULTURE I. Greek Culture Questions for Revision
自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
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自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日 姓名学号学院班级 Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each) ———— was the founder of scientific mathematics. A. Pythagoras B. Democritus C. Aristotle D. Diogenes 2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante? A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Cicero 3. ________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay. A. Thucydides B. Herodotus C. Socrates D. Aristotle 4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ . A. Moses B. Joshua C. Saul D. David 5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal? A. Domitian B. Valerian C. Constantine D. Theodosius 6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ . A. wanderers B. travelers C. traders D. merchants 7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asia. A. Turkish B. Huns C. Athens D. Roman 8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the center of trade and community activity. A. bridge B. church building C. village D. subway 9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors. A. Milan B. Florence C. Venice D. the papal states 10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and
欧洲文化入门要点
WEEK 1-3 Reformation and Counter-Reformation P138-139 The Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It begin with Martin Luther‘s 95 thesis in 1517. This movement aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible, The demands of the reformists: ---direct communication between the individual and God ---simplifying rituals ---abolishing heavy taxes levied on their countrymen ---abolishing the indulgences 1) Pre-Luther Religious Reformers John Wycliffe (about 1330?a1384) p-139 Chief forerunner of Reformation. English theologian and religious reformer. He believed that Christ is man??s only overlord and that salvation depends upon predestination and grace rather than on membership of a visible church. He took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time. Jan Hus (1372-1415) A Bohemian Czech religious leader, theologian. Attacked the abuses of the Church/ was imprisoned and exiled/ was burnt at stake / the Hus War 2) Martin Luther(1483-1546) and His Doctrines Martin Luther was the German leader of the Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked the first break in the unity of the Catholic Church. Beginning of the Reformation p-140 Translation of the Bible Gospel of love and Ideas of Equality In the history of Germany, Martin Luther was more than a religious leader, he was a fighter for democracy and nationalism, a humanist who helped to build a competent educational system and a writer whose forceful language helped fix the standards of the modern German language 3) John Calvin (1509-1564) and Calvinism Calvin was a French theologian. His Institutes of the Christian Religion was considered one of the most influential theological works of all times. Presbyterian government Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the God’s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. Calvinism was one of the main courses of the capitalist spirit 4) Reformation in England p-143 John Knox Scottish Presbyterianism Henry VIII / matrimonial affairs / Catherine Aragon / Anne Boleyn In 1534, the Act of Supremacy marked the formal break of the British with the papal
欧洲文化入门中文版课件
第一章希腊罗马文化 希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。我们先看希腊的发展。 希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。 这段历史的重要大事有： 1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。荷马生活在公元前700年。 2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。 3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431
年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。修昔底得这位历史上最伟大的历史学家在其作品中，详尽描写了这一战争。 4、伯罗奔尼撒战争后，斯巴达专横跋扈，底比斯和雅典为求相互保护而结成新的联盟。公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。 古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。哲学家主要以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表。苏格拉底提出自由辩论的重要性。柏拉图的目标是要实现一个既能维持贵族特权，又可为贫苦阶级接受的社会，并构件了唯心主义的根基。亚力士多德寻求自然界和人类社会各个方面的秩序。剧作家有埃斯库罗斯、阿里斯托芬、索福克勒斯。这一时期希腊也造就了像阿基米德和欧几里得这样的数学家，以及像希罗多德和修昔底得这样伟大的历史学家。 希腊的艺术和建筑在神庙上得到最高体现。著名的雅典卫城的圣地帕台侬神庙就是卫雅典娜女神建造的。 接下来我们从希腊文明走向罗马文明。 希腊化时代与罗马时代前期相互交融，最终过渡到罗马时代。罗马时代经历了早期共和国（公元前509－公元前264年）、后期共和国（公元前265－公元前27年）、早期帝国（公元前27年－公元284年）和后期帝国（284－476年）。公元前500年，
欧洲文化入门总复习题
欧洲文化入门复习题（2、3章） 一：选择（51’） 1:Hebrew---Israelite---Jew Jew---Jewish---Judaism Judaism---Christianity 2:Pentateuch(摩西五经)：Genesis(创世纪)、Exodus(出埃及记)、Leviticus(利未记)、Numbers(民数计)、Deuteronomy(申命记) 3：The fall of man: Adam and Eve、the Garden of Eden 4: Noah’s Ark 5:Moses(a famous Hebrew leader) 、Exodus、40 years、the mountainous Sinai、Ten Commandments 6:While in Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues(大会堂) to practise their religion. 7:如今有多少犹太人？15 million 8:Jesus 出生地：那瑟勒死亡地：耶路撒冷郊外髑髅地·各各地 Baptism: 30 years、John baptist 9:Diocletian destroyed、Constantine and the Edict of Milan in 133、Theodosius official 10: the new testament(新约)：the birth、teaching、death（The Crucifixion耶稣被钉十字架）、resurrection of Jesus 11：现代英语两大宝库：the English Bible and Shakespeare 12:228 years 13:the Code of Chivalry：to protect the week, to fight for church, to be loyal to his lord, to respect women of noble birth. 14:half civilized Germanic tribes: Visigoths, the Franks, the Angle and Saxons, the Vandals 15:Feudalism(封建主义) the Manor(庄园) serfs(农奴) Charles Martel in 732. 16:After 1054, the Roman Catholic church and Eastern Orthodox church 17:three groups in feudalism: clergy(牧师最高) lords peasants(农民最低) 18：the crusades(十字军) 8 times 200 years By 1291, the moslems had taken over the last Christain stronghold. 19:Emperor of the Romans(神圣罗马皇帝): Charlemagne(查理曼大帝) 20:Alfred the Great(Anglo-Saxdon) contributed to medieval European culture 21:real scientific progress began in the 12th and 13th centuries. Roger bacon(a monk) is an advocate of scientific research.Opus maius, and encyclopedia（自然哲学总则） 22:National Epics: Beowulf(Anglo-saxon/英国) Song of Roland(French/法国) 荷马史诗代表作Iliad(伊利亚特）和Odysse（奥德赛） Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里乔叟) and the Canterbury tales(坎特伯雷故事) 23：Romanesque(罗马建筑) Gothic(哥特式建筑)：stained glass windows are the Holy Scriptures 24:哲学三杰（苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德）顺序不能打乱 二：简答（6道） 1:Two Major Elements in European Culture