Costa (2009) Environment and human health issues
环境保护专业英语ppt课件
没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实 现自我 人生价 值就无 从谈起 。人生 价值就 是人生 目标， 就是人 生责任 。每承 担一次 责任
01 Water pollution
As industrial development grows in both the urban and rural centers of China and water treatment facilities continue to be in dearth, surface and groundwater pollution is becoming increasingly severe.
(3)About 16.1 percent of China's surveyed land is polluted by heavy metals including cadmium, arsenic, lead and mercury.
没有明确的价值取向和人生目标，实 现自我 人生价 值就无 从谈起 。人生 价值就 是人生 目标， 就是人 生责任 。每承 担一次 责任
知识回顾 Knowledge Review
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(2) 12 million tons of crops in China are polluted by soil contaminated with heavy metals annually, which would cause a yearly loss of 20 billion yuan.
04 Key forest-related environmental issues in China
Natural forest habitat loss in China is approximately four to eight percent per year.
广东省2024-2025学年高三上学期开学摸底联考英语试题
广东省2024-2025学年高三上学期开学摸底联考英语试题一、阅读理解Below are stories of kids who saw a need in the world and set out to fix it. Hearing the stories will inspire generosity and charity in your own kids.Janine Licare and Aislin Livingstone — Kids Saving the Rainforest: Janine and Aislin were 9 when they saw the rainforest disappearing in Costa Rica. Being dissatisfied with how their donations were being spent with other rainforest charities, they began their own organization—Kids Saving the Rainforest.Austin Gutwein — Hoops of Hope: At 10, Austin watched a video of children who had lost their parents due to AIDS. Austin decided to organize a charity called Hoops of Hope. Through sponsorships, participants have raised over $2.5 million to provide those kids access to food, clothing and shelter. However, Hoops of Hope is now closed.Mackenzie Bearup — Sheltering Books: Mackenzie was 13 when she began collecting children’s books for shelters in and around Alpharetta, Georgia. It soon became a family project with her 2 brothers working alongside her. In total, they have collected and donated over 360,000 books for shelters across the world.Annie Wignall — Care Bags 4 Kids: At 11, Annie began the Care Bags 4 Kids when she discovered there were many kids in crisis situations who had to leave their homes. Annie’s organization creates and distributes fabric care bags filled with essential and comforting items for needy children.1．Which charity is concerned about environment protection?A．Hoops of Hope.B．Sheltering Books.C．Care Bags 4 Kids.D．Kids Saving the Rainforest.2．What is special about Austin Gutwein’s charity organization?A．It is inaccessible now.B．It is in the charge of kids.C．It has collected millions of books.D．It offers help to needy children.3．Who might be the intended readers of the text?A．Students.B．Parents.C．Donors.D．Teachers.“I never could have imagined this is how my life could turn out,” says Melody Mnisi. “Now it’s my dream to introduce young people to nature and to inspire young African women like me to believe anything is possible.” Melody is a 23-year-old South African and has just qualified as a field guide. Despite growing up very close to Kruger National Park, a world-famous safari (游猎) destination, she never had the chance to see or enjoy its wildlife. “This was something for white people, not poor black people like me,” she says. “I always wondered what was on the other side of the fence.” But everything changed for Melody when she completed a Wild Shots Outreach (WSO) photography course, learning how to use a camera and going on her first-ever game drive. “I could not believe my eyes, seeing all this wildlife and capturing my memories and stories,” she says. “It is such an honor to be in nature.”WSO is the educational outreach arm of Wild Shots, a photography conference in Africa that ran for nine years prior to 2020. Its aim is to engage disadvantaged young Africans in wildlife conservation through photography and by providing an introduction to the natural world, helping to nurture (培育) the conservationists of tomorrow.The initiative came about in 2015 and was the passion project of Mike Kendrick, a life-science teacher and photographer. Moving to the Greater Kruger area to live in the bush, Mike was discouraged to see the lack of engagement between young South Africans and their natural environment. Not only that, in six years of helping to run Wild Shots, he did not come across a single wildlife, landscape or outdoor photographer of color in South Africa.4．What can we learn about Melody Mnisi?A．She helped set up WSO.B．She was born a photographer.C．She was grateful to be a field guide.D．She shared photos of wildlife online. 5．What has changed Melody’s life?A．WSO photography course.B．Her willingness to help others.C．Mike Kendrick’s encouragement.D．Her curiosity about the safari destination.6．Which is among the reasons why WSO is held?A．To raise money.B．To prevent illegal hunting.C．To stop wildlife trade.D．To nurture wildlife protectors.7．What might be talked about following the last paragraph?A．Comments from Melody.B．The promotion of WSO.C．Poor life of South Africans.D．The details of photographs taking,For many people, the cruelest part of daily life is the transition between wakefulness and sleep. When you should be sleeping, you want to be awake; when you should be awake, you want to stay asleep. It is easy to regard sleep as a torment: hard to attain and then hard to give up, day after day.It is no major revelation to most people that enough sleep improves well-being. One recent study of more than 30,000 UK residents found that people who increased their quantity of sleep over a four-year period got about the same happiness benefits as they would have from eight weeks of treatment, or from winning up to $280,000 in a lottery. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. Sleep loss, however, lowers happiness by degrading emotional-memory recall and encouraging a negative mindset, which results in depressive working atmosphere and poor interpersonal relationship.If all of this seems obvious, why don’t we sleep more? Physical conditions, poor sleep habits, work, stress, and young kids are all common barriers to proper sleep. However, another barrier comes purely from within, when we simply put off going to bed because we are doing other things that seem more important at night, but that we regret when it’s time to get up. It is what scholars call “bedtime procrastination (拖延)”. Bedtime procrastination seems illogical, but the explanation is fairly straightforward. It happens when a person bears some deep resistance to being “told” what to do, especially in an area as personal and fundamental as when to go to bed. It is likely because she hates being told what to do in other parts of her life, and she fights back by fully using her own authority and staying up.8．What does the underlined word “torment” in paragraph I mean?A．Enjoyment.B．Suffering.C．Entertainment.D．Exercise.9．How is the second paragraph developed?A．By using quotes.B．By giving a definition.C．By making a comparison.D．By providing explanations.10．What may cause bedtime procrastination?A．A crying baby.B．Pressure from work.C．Drinking too much coffee.D．Unwillingness to follow routines.11．Which column of a news website may the text be taken from?A．Health.B．Education.C．Technology.D．Economy.We used to write with a pen. Now we generally write on a computer with the help of keyboard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has become a new type of “pen” which we use to analyze, write and present everything from an article, a thesis, a research paper to a company report, and things alike.Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citation s and consistency to disciplinary standards. Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency.However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable. Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole.That is why many universities have been keeping students from using AI tools for academic writing, and have conducted rules limiting, if not altogether banning the use of Generative AI inacademic writing. According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision on individual instructors. Only 4 percent of the universities allow the use of AI (with citation) unless instructors forbid it.12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The importance of academic writing.B．The potential users of AI-powered writing.C．The challenges faced by researchers and scholars.D．The popularity of AI-powered writing on campuses.13．What may be the author’s attitude towards a research report written by AI?A．Negative.B．Dismissive.C．Positive.D．Unclear. 14．Who have the right to decide the use of Al in academic writing in most universities?A．Fund sponsors.B．Individual instructors.C．Would-be graduates.D．Producers of AI tools.15．Which idiom can best describe AI-powered writing?A．A wet blanket.B．A pie in the sky.C．A double-edged sword.D．A big fish in a small pond.Protecting the environment is not a new concept, but have you ever taken actions that are beneficial to our planet? With World Environment Day annually observed on June 5, the editor has recommended some environmentally friendly products. 16Tea seed powderTea seed powder is purely natural and does not contribute to water pollution. 17 After extracting (提取) eatable tea oil from the seeds, the remaining is ground into powder. Rich in natural tea saponin, tea seed powder effectively removes all kinds of stains, and dirt on fruits and vegetables. It is gentle on the hands and easy to clean. 18Biodegradable paper tapeWith the rise of online shopping, parcels are secured with plastic tapes, which are not biodegradable. They may cause problems in the recycling process, leading to operational issuesand reducing recycling efficiency. Fortunately, biodegradable paper tapes offer an eco-friendly alternative for packaging needs. 19 This ensures natural degradation over time without releasing environmental pollutants. Additionally, unlike most conventional tape, it can also be recycled, ensuring that it can contribute to circular production and keep it away from our landfills and oceans.Bamboo toothbrushBrushing teeth is an essential part of your daily oral care and mostly the brushes are plastic.20 They stay for centuries, turning our landfills and oceans into a never-ending plastic party. Switching to a bamboo toothbrush is an environmentally conscious choice that helps reduce plastic pollution and waste in our oceans.A．Using it is a way to save money.B．It is extracted from the seeds of oil tea trees.C．Therefore, it’s an eco-friendly cleaning option.D．The sad truth is that they never truly break down.E．They are made from plant-based material such as paper.F．It provides a reusable and eco-friendly way to store food.G．They can help you protect the earth in your daily life effortlessly.二、完形填空Raised in a family of artists, the 24-year-old Russían woman Aleksandra developed a deep love for painting from an early age. Six years ago, she 21 to Hainan, an island province in South China, and set up her studio there. Her 22 about Chinese culture began when she was just 10 years old. “I didn’t have Mandarin teachers,” she fondly recalled. She 23 the language through the Internet, books and TV. She simply admired Chinese culture.In 2018, 24 by her passion, Aleksandra journeyed to Hainan to study, where she was attracted by the island’s natural beauty and unhurried pace of life. “It’s a(n) 25 beautiful place, and the people are kind, attractive and really simple,” she reflected. “Life unfolds at a(n) 26 pace, allowing them to harmonize with nature.” Living in Hainan 27 her to immerse(沉浸) herself in nature and humanity, two beloved 28 in her artwork. Thelocal people and 29 have become essential to her life as she and her husband, whom she met on the island, have ventured through its landscapes together.Throughout her stay in Hainan, Aleksandra has 30 the development of the local culture. She expresses 31 in the appearance of new cultural landmarks, such as the Wormhole Library and the coastal structure Sky Mountain. Aleksandra 32 the rich artistic landscapes in Hainan, emphasizing that the island’s welcoming atmosphere offers a wealth of 33 for artists. With the 34 of enhancing understanding between the people of China and Russia through her art, she is planning an exhibition that 35 the richness of Chinese and Russian culture.21．A．moved B．rode C．wrote D．rushed 22．A．exhibition B．knowledge C．enthusiasm D．understanding 23．A．picked up B．referred to C．focused on D．turned to 24．A．taken B．changed C．promised D．driven 25．A．equally B．incredibly C．recently D．normally 26．A．different B．average C．leisure D．current 27．A．trains B．demonstrates C．permits D．enables 28．A．structures B．themes C．figures D．characters 29．A．economy B．culture C．history D．tourism 30．A．tested B．impacted C．encouraged D．observed 31．A．gratitude B．doubt C．delight D．anxiety 32．A．highlights B．covers C．designs D．shifts 33．A．chances B．money C．advice D．services 34．A．memory B．intention C．help D．launch 35．A．discovers B．brings C．shows D．gives三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
人类食品系统对生态环境的影响及平衡 (1)
模型2a：通过设置其他物种数量为0，包括草食性鱼类、软体动物、甲壳类动物和所有的棘皮动物，来测试虱目鱼养殖对其他动物物种的影响。再设置剩余的其它物种的数量同模型1相同。在模型2中，由于虱目鱼失去了天然的食品供应，需要引进人工喂养方式来平衡模型。通过模型2，回答如下问题：模型预测的水质能够达到什么样的稳态水平？水质是否足够健康以保证珊瑚的生长？对比较结果进行说明。
阐述模型的输出。如何对模型进行优化，模型是否具有限制条件，为什么？模型平衡时水质如何？模型的养殖产量如何，其经济价值是什么？需要经费来进一步提高水质？
(4)科学分析
讨论供人食用的每个物种产量多少。怎样利用模型来预测或了解各个物种的产量？肉食性鱼类换算成磅后是否和草食性鱼类有同样的价值，总经济角度看，应该追求总量还是需要对不同种鱼的价值区别对待（由鱼类的价格计算），以便追求最大限度的价值呢？或者将总价值定义为每一个物种的收获价值之和，减去虱目鱼饲料成本？
【2】Yongjian Xu et al. (2008). Improvement of water quality by the Macroalga, Gracilaria,near Aquaculture effluent outlets.Journal of World Aquaculture Society39:549.
(2)生物相关信息
表4-3虱目鱼与草食性鱼类情况对比
生物
食物
食量
排泄物
经济价值
虱目鱼
鱼类
每5个月每平方米6.58kg
每天每平方米242-493g（10%碳，0.4%氮，0.6磷）
每吨1278美元
草食性鱼类
海藻
写一封信给政府关于环境保护的作文英语
写一封信给政府关于环境保护的作文英语全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Dear Government Officials,I'm writing to you today as a student deeply concerned about the state of our environment. Every day, I see more news stories about climate change, pollution, deforestation, and the overall degradation of our planet. It's incredibly worrying, and I feel that not enough is being done to protect the environment that we all rely upon.Let's start with the elephant in the room - climate change. The science is clear that human activities like burning fossil fuels are causing global temperatures to rise at an alarming rate.We're already seeing the impacts play out with more intense storms, droughts, wildfires, rising sea levels, and threats to agriculture. If we don't get this under control, the consequences could be catastrophic.I realize efforts have been made to transition to cleaner energy sources like solar, wind, and nuclear power. However, the pace is just far too slow. We need to be treating climate changelike the existential crisis that it is. Moving away from fossil fuels completely needs to become a top priority backed by huge investments, stringent regulations, and public education campaigns.Another major area of concern is the pollution choking our air, water, and land. Toxins from industrial activities, vehicle emissions, plastics, and more are building up everywhere with serious impacts on human health and wildlife. We're seeing skyrocketing rates of respiratory illnesses, contaminated drinking supplies, precious habitats being destroyed, and animals going extinct. It's a slow-motion crisis that we can't ignore any longer.I understand that certain industries create jobs and contribute to the economy. However, the external costs of pollution are too high a price to pay. We need much stricter environmental regulations that force companies to adopt cleaner practices and technologies. Enforce heavy fines for violations. Ban the use of toxic chemicals and single-use plastics when possible. Invest in green infrastructure and innovation. The health of our people and planet has to come before short-term profits.Deforestation is another critical issue, as forests are the lungs of the Earth and home to precious biodiversity. We'reseeing ancient rainforests being burned down at an appalling rate, usually for agricultural purposes like cattle ranching or palm oil plantations. This is not only terrible for climate change, but it's also pushing countless species to the brink of extinction and threatening indigenous communities.I urge you to work on stronger regulations and incentives to halt deforestation globally. Support and empower indigenous groups who are protecting their ancestral lands. Look into truly sustainable agricultural practices that don't require slashing and burning forests. We have to find a way for humanity's needs and wilderness preservation to co-exist in harmony.On a personal level, I try my best to live an eco-friendly lifestyle. I recycle diligently, minimize waste, eat less meat, conserve energy and water, and avoid single-use plastics. However, individual actions can only go so far. We desperately need large-scale systemic changes driven by strong environmental policies from the government.Take a page from countries like Costa Rica, Norway, and New Zealand that are pioneering innovative sustainability efforts. Look into circular economy models, green urban planning, nature-based solutions, and protecting at least 30% of the planetby 2030. Educate the public, especially the youth like myself, and get us involved in being part of the solution.Our environment is not something that can be taken for granted or put on the backburner any longer. We're already experiencing profound consequences that will only accelerate with further negligence. I'm pleading with you to make environmental protection the top priority that it deserves to be. Treat this as the crisis that it is and be the leaders whotook decisive action before it was too late.We owe it to ourselves, to future generations, and to the billions of other species on this planet to be responsible stewards of the environment. Don't let opportunistic short-term thinking destroy the only home we have. My generation will have to live with the consequences of your actions on this issue. I'm begging you to make the right choice and take substantive steps to protect our environment before it's too late.Thank you for your time and consideration. I eagerly await your response on this crucial matter.Sincerely,[Your Name]Concerned Student篇2Dear Government Officials,I am writing to you as a concerned student about the critical issue of environmental protection. Our planet is facing an unprecedented crisis, and it is our collective responsibility to take immediate and decisive action to safeguard the Earth for present and future generations.As I look around, I cannot help but feel disheartened by the overwhelming evidence of environmental degradation. Deforestation, air and water pollution, climate change, and the loss of biodiversity are just a few of the pressing challenges we face. These issues not only threaten the delicate balance of our ecosystems but also pose grave risks to human health andwell-being.One of the most alarming aspects of the environmental crisis is the rapid depletion of our natural resources. We are consuming the Earth's resources at an unsustainable rate, leaving little for future generations. Forests, which are vital for maintaining the balance of our ecosystem and providing oxygen, are being cleared at an alarming pace for commercial purposes, such as logging and agriculture. This not only contributes to theloss of biodiversity but also exacerbates the effects of climate change.Another pressing concern is the issue of air and water pollution. Industries and transportation have been major contributors to the release of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, affecting the quality of the air we breathe. Similarly, the discharge of toxic wastes and chemicals into our water sources has rendered many bodies of water unsafe for consumption and aquatic life. These pollutants have far-reaching consequences, including respiratory illnesses, contaminated food supplies, and the degradation of entire ecosystems.Climate change, arguably the most significant environmental challenge of our time, is already having devastating effects across the globe. Rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and more frequent and intense extreme weather events are just a few of the consequences we are witnessing. If left unchecked, climate change could lead to catastrophic consequences, includingsea-level rise, food and water insecurity, and the displacement of millions of people.Biodiversity, the rich tapestry of life on Earth, is also under threat. Species extinction rates have accelerated at an alarming pace, primarily due to human activities such as habitatdestruction, overexploitation, and the introduction of invasive species. The loss of biodiversity not only threatens the balance of our ecosystems but also jeopardizes potential medical and scientific discoveries that could benefit humanity.It is clear that these environmental challenges are interconnected and cannot be addressed in isolation. We need a comprehensive and coordinated approach that addresses the root causes of these issues while also mitigating their immediate impacts.As students, we are the future leaders and stewards of our planet. We have a critical role to play in shaping the policies and practices that will determine the fate of our environment. Therefore, I implore you, our government officials篇3Dear Government Officials,I am writing to you as a concerned student and citizen about the critical issue of environmental protection. Our planet is facing unprecedented challenges, and urgent action is needed to safeguard our natural resources and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.First and foremost, I want to express my deep concern over the alarming rate of climate change. The scientific evidence is overwhelming, and the consequences of inaction are dire. Rising global temperatures, melting glaciers, and extreme weather events are already taking a toll on our ecosystems, threatening biodiversity and putting millions of lives at risk.As students, we are taught the importance of environmental stewardship from an early age. We learn about the delicate balance of nature, the intricate web of life, and the impact of human activities on the planet. However, as we grow older, we realize that the lessons we learn in the classroom are not always reflected in the actions of our leaders and policymakers.It is disheartening to see how short-term economic interests often take precedence over long-term environmental sustainability. The pursuit of profit and development has led to rampant deforestation, pollution of our air and water sources, and the depletion of finite natural resources. We cannot continue down this path, for it will ultimately lead to our own demise.I implore you to take bold and decisive action to combat climate change and protect our environment. We need to transition towards renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, and phase out our reliance on fossilfuels. Investing in clean technologies and promoting energy efficiency should be a top priority.Moreover, we must address the issue of deforestation and habitat destruction. Forests are the lungs of our planet, absorbing carbon dioxide and providing us with oxygen. They are also home to countless species of plants and animals, many of which are endangered due to human encroachment. We need to strengthen environmental regulations, enforce stricter penalties for illegal logging, and promote sustainable forest management practices.Pollution is another pressing concern that requires immediate attention. The contamination of our air, water, and soil poses severe risks to human health and the well-being of all living beings. We must implement stricter emissions standards for industries, invest in clean production technologies, and promote waste reduction and recycling initiatives.Furthermore, I urge you to prioritize environmental education and awareness campaigns. Knowledge is power, and by educating the public, especially the younger generations, we can foster a deeper appreciation for the environment and inspire individuals to make sustainable choices in their daily lives.It is my sincere hope that you will heed the voices of concerned citizens like myself and take decisive action to protect our planet. We cannot afford to delay any longer, for the consequences of inaction will be catastrophic and irreversible.As students, we represent the future, and we have a vested interest in ensuring that the world we inherit is a habitable and sustainable one. We are the inheritors of this planet, and it is our responsibility to be stewards of its resources and caretakers of its ecosystems.I understand that addressing environmental challenges is a complex and multifaceted task, requiring cooperation and collaboration from all sectors of society. However, with strong leadership, unwavering commitment, and a shared vision for a sustainable future, we can overcome these challenges and create a better world for ourselves and future generations.I implore you to act with urgency and conviction, for the stakes have never been higher. The time for empty promises and half-measures has passed. We need bold, transformative action that will secure a livable planet for all.Thank you for your time and consideration. I eagerly await your response and your commitment to protecting our environment and safeguarding our collective future.Sincerely,[Your Name]A Concerned Student。
unit 13研究生英语读与写(第三版)-
Background information
Roundup Ready Crops:
Roundup Ready Crops (RR Crops) are genetically engineered crops that have had their DNA altered to allow them to withstand the herbicide glyphosate (the active ingredient of Monsanto's herbicide Roundup). They are also known as “glyphosate tolerant crops.” RR crops that have been deregulated in the U.S. include: corn, soybeans, canola, cotton, sugarbeets, and alfalfa.
over-the-counter
pharmaceutical
drugs
(medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood
transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic
radiation emitting devices (ERED), and veterinary
products.
Background information
US FDA:
The FDA also enforces other laws, notably Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act and associated regulations. Many of these regulations are not directly related to food or drugs. These include laws governing sanitation requirements on interstate travel, the control of diseases on products for household pets to sperm donations for assisted reproduction.
湖南省衡阳市2024年中考英语模拟试题(含答案)
湖南省衡阳市2024年中考英语模拟试题阅卷人一、完形填空：本大题共10小题,共15分。
得分完形填空When I was five years old,I lived with my family in my grandma's old house.It was very old and small, but we were1．there.We didn't have a lot of money,but we grew our own2．to eat and made our own clothes.Every day after school,I would3．outside and wait for my dad to come home from work.He worked on4．all day for drivers.When he got home,he was tired with oil on his hands.So the first thing he would do is to5．his hands.Then he sat in his old chair while mom and grandma were making dinner.After dinner,I loved6．onto his back and watching TV together.His hands were strong,and I always felt 7．and loved.Now I am55years old and the oldest person in my family.I have some health problems,but I still remember those happy times with my dad8．.I wish I could go back and sit with him in that old9．one more time,just to10．him how much I love him and thank him for making me feel so happy and loved as a child.1．A．lazy B．happy C．right2．A．food B．flowers C．trees3．A．sleep B．shout C．play4．A．radios B．cars C．kites5．A．clean up B．make up C．look up6．A．flying B．walking C．climbing7．A．angry B．safe C．dangerous8．A．clearly B．sadly C．slowly9．A．table B．bed C．chair10．A．forget B．tell C．order阅卷人二、补全对话-填空：本大题共1小题,共8分。
ICCC 及其国际学生设计竞赛介绍
国际助老社区理事会（ICCC）及其国际学生设计竞赛介绍内容来自于国际助老社区理事会官方网站：ICCC的使命：ICCC由已故的Albert Bush-Brown博士和建筑历史学家Dianne Davis教授于1994年创立，旨在激发和展示关注全球人口寿命延长带来的挑战和机遇的创新性概念。
通过教育项目、会议、技术支持和国际学生设计竞赛，来推动“为了所有世代的社会（Society for All Generations）”的形成。
关注的领域：教育和培训、城市规划和设计、健康、信息和通信技术、公私合作（PPP）、旅游、公共管理。
ICCC是一个具有联合国经济及社会理事会（ECOSOC）特别咨商地位的非营利组织。
在政府、民间组织、私人部门、大学和联合国等各个主体在发达国家和发展中国家致力于推动和鼓励采用或推广新的解决方案的行动中，扮演着连接彼此的桥梁作用。
ICCC正扩大数码新时代对二十一世纪日益显著的“人口老龄化冲击”的影响。
自成立以来，ICCC一直信奉：民营企业和个人能够帮助社会改善社区和社会公益活动，这也是ICCC的关键目标之一。
自1996年以来，已有23位世界领导人因其对社会的贡献获得ICCC“关爱”奖。
ICCC是享受美国501(c)3免税的组织ICCC理事会成员：创会主席：Dianne Davis教授副主席：Edward Buyes先生副主席：龚听雨（音）女士，国际中国文化和艺术组织主席副主席：卓国华（音）先生，当代东方投资股份有限公司总裁咨询委员会：Giorgio Balestrieri先生，联合国新闻部代表，公私伙伴关系顾问MarkBarasch先生，DavMarEntertainmentEdith Claman女士，美国工业设计师协会，Primarily Seating股份有限公司，美国Kate Fischer女士，Words By Fischer股份有限公司，美国Urs Peter Gauchat院长，新泽西理工学院建筑学院，美国Rod Hackney博士，英国皇家建筑师协会，英国Harry N. Heinemann，经济合作教育顾问Richard Jordan，联合国经社理事会代表Arq. Joseph Katanik，哈德逊河建筑师，美国GiselaLoehlein，Ajman科学技术大学，阿联酋Bryan O’Young, MD博士，康复医学临床教授，纽约大学医学中心，美国Peter Mathias博士，桥梁研究和建设，英国Alexandre Sidorenko博士，欧洲社会福利政策研究中心Neil Solomon博士，医疗顾问Jan Wampler教授，建筑与规划学院，麻省理工学院，美国内容来自于联合国多语种术语数据库：/英文注释：ICCC是一个具有联合国经济及社会理事会（ECOSOC）特别咨商地位的非营利组织。
湖南省湘潭市2023年中考英语真题(原卷版)
2023年湘潭市初中学业水平考试英语试题卷考生注意1.试题卷中听力录音材料以中速朗读两遍。
2.作答时，所有答案均应写在答题卡上。
选择题所选答案须将相应字母代号涂黑，非选择题的答案要求书写工整、清晰、规范，卷面整洁。
选择题符合题意的答案只有1个，不选、多选、错选，均不给分。
3.本试卷满分120分，时量100分钟。
全部试卷分为四个部分，共10页，71题，其中试题卷8页，答题卡2页。
考试结束后，试题卷和答题卡均应交回。
Good luck to you!第一部分听力技能（共两节，满分20分）第一节听对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）选择相应的图片或正确的答案。
听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话读两遍。
1.How’s the weather today?A. B. C.2.Which festival are they talking about?A. B. C.3.Where are the speakers?A.In a shop.B.In a library.C.In a restaurant.4.What club does Tommy want to join?A.The music club.B.The art club.C.The chess club.5.How does Miss Lee feel?A.Happy.B.Strange.C.Angry.第二节听对话或独白（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）每段对话或独白后有2至3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第六段材料，回答6、7小题。
6.What did the boy do in the party?A.He danced.B.He sang.C.He ran.7.What food did the girl love?A.The sandwich.B.The cake.C.The bread.听第七段材料，回答8、9小题。
《新视野英语教程(第三版)》教学资源book4Unit10-Section A
Healthy World, Healthy People
Para. 1
"The environment" is a rather broad term. To many, it simply refers to the physical and chemical conditions in the living space around us, such as the quality of air, fresh water supplies, and the amount of chemicals in our food. A broader definition also includes the conditions of the social environment－everything from housing quality to transportation, recreational facilities, population growth and mobility, social networks, and political and economic equality.
Healthy World, Healthy People
CONTENTS
Preparation Reading Through Exercises
Merry Learning
Preparation
Getting the Message
Getting the Message
Directions: Answer the following questions after scanning the text?
【雅思阅读】转基因大豆对健康和环境方面的影响
【雅思阅读】转基因大豆对健康和环境方面的影响下面是一篇关于转基因大豆的雅思阅读材料，来自英国电讯报。
这篇雅思阅读材料的主要内容是最近有很多科学家和村民开始质疑转基因大豆在健康和环境方面的影响了。
那么被称为“green gold”的转基因大豆究竟有什么样的影响呢?GM soy: the high cost of the quest for 'green gold'Scientists and villagers in rural Paraguay are questioning the health and environmental impact of GM soy. Louise Gray reports.The green shack where Petrona Villasboa lives in Itapuã is surrounded by shimmering fields. It represents a lucrative golden harvest for some but, for this grieving mother, it has become a symbol of death. The crop that dominates this impoverished area of rural southern Paraguay is genetically modified (GM) soy, and she blames it for her son's death. "Soy destroys people's lives," Petrona says. "It is a poison. It is no way to live."Sitting outside her home, the mother of eight describes the day in January 2003 when 11-year-old Silvino Talavera arrived home. He had cycled to the stalls by the nearest main road to buy some meat and rice for a family meal."I was washing clothes down by the river, and he came to tell me that as he'd ridden along the community road, which runs through the soy fields, he'd been sprayed by one of the 'mosquitoes'," she says. (''Mosquitoes'' are what locals call the pesticide or herbicide crop-spraying machines pulled by tractors.) "He smelt so bad that he took his clothes off and jumped straight in the water."Petrona did not think much more about it. For peasantcommunities living amid the soy fields, chemical spraying is a frequent occurrence. But later that day, she says the whole family fell ill after eating the food that Silvino had bought."Silvino was violently sick. He said, 'Mummy, my bones ache' and then his skin went black'," she says.By the time they had begged a lift to the nearest hospital. Silvino was unable to move. His stomach was pumped, but he had lost consciousness. Petrona was told her son was ''paralysed by intoxication''. All doctors could do was to offer pain relief. Within a few hours he was dead.His family were in no doubt that his death was caused by his exposure to the crop spray, but no autopsy was carried out. It was only after years of campaigning that Petrona managed to have the case heard in court. In 2006, two farmers were each sentenced to two years in jail for manslaughter. According to Petrona, the men, who are her neighbours, have never served their sentence, and she continues to fight for justice.Now Silvino's story has been taken up by environmentalists concerned about the spread of GM crops in parts of the world where communities have little power to fight back when big agri-businesses arrive in town.The latest figures from the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications show that almost 150 million hectares of land was planted with GM crops last year, 10 per cent more than in 2009. The fastest growing areas are in Brazil, Argentina and other South American countries where GM soy grows fast, needs little input and is in demand. In 2010, some 33 million tons of soy (GM and non-GM) were exported to Europe, mostly for animal feed. Britain took three million tons, but the Food Standards Agency is unable to say how much was GM.The economies of these developing countries are receiving a boost, but groups such as Friends of the Earth (FoE) are concerned by this "soya boom". It is not only the "Frankenfoods" fears about the long-term effects of transgenic seeds in the food chain. FoE claims that "green gold" is displacing small farmers from their land and may even be poisoning communities.On a recent visit to Paraguay with FoE, I saw trees burning in areas of deforestation and met people who claim to have been "poisoned" by chemicals used to grow GM crops.。
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INTRODUCTIONEnvironmentandhumanhealthissuesMariaHelenaCosta
Accepted:4July2009/Publishedonline:18July2009ÓSpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2009
The7thIberianand4thIberoamericanCongressofEnvi-ronmentalContaminationandToxicology,organizedbytheIberoamericanSocietyofEnvironmentalContamina-tionandToxicology(SICTA)washeldinMarch2008,inLisbon,Portugal.Representativesfromacademia,govern-mentandindustryofIberianandLatin-Americancom-munitiesgatheredtopresentanddiscusstheirlatestscientificfindingsandpresentchallenges.CICTA2008wasaforumtodiscussenvironmentalstressproblems,eithernaturaloranthropogenic,andtheireffectsontheecosystemandonhumanhealth,aswellaseducationandgovernanceissuesforenvironmentalsustainability.Selectedpapersfrompresentationsdeliveredinthecon-textofthiscongressarepresentedhere,inthisspecialissue.Thegeneraltheme,environmentandhumanhealth,isorganisedintofourtopics,‘‘Biomarkers’’,‘‘Environmentalcontaminationandbiomonitoring,environmentalqualityandhumanhealth’’and‘‘Environmentalriskassessment’’.
BiomarkersXenobioticsaresyntheticcompoundsthatareforeigntolivingorganisms,forwhichenvironmentalecosystemsoftenlackthenecessarysetofenzymesforcompletebiodegra-dation.Therefore,theytendtopersistinwaterwaysandsoils,wheretheyconstituteapotentialhealthandenviron-mentalhazard(Baunetal.2004).Pesticides,agrochemicals,
pharmaceuticals,andpersonalcareproducts(PPCP)areaparticularlyrelevanttypeofxenobioticsinthiscontext,sincetheyarebelievedtoberesponsibleforendocrinedis-ruptionoffishandotheraquaticlivingbeings,forriskincreasedofcancerinanimals,namelyinhumans,andforthedevelopmentofantibiotic-resistantbacteria(Kolpinetal.2002).Manytonsofthesecompoundsareproducedyearlyanddischargedintotheenvironment,someofthemfromdif-fusesources,othersaswastewaterdischarges.Inthiscase,oftenafterpassingthroughthehumanbodyandthewastewatertreatmentplantswithlittletransformation.Arecentsurvey(Kolpinetal.2002)showedthatsignificantamountsoforganicxenobioticswerefoundinwaterresources,forwhichthereisnolegislationorspecifictreatmentprocessknown.Itisimportanttoassessthefateofthesechemicals,particularlybecausemanyofthemaredesignedspecificallytohaveaphysiologicalimpactonlivingorganismsortoactasbiocides.Someofthesecompoundsmightnotrepresentahazardbythemselves,butcanpotentiallyhaveincreasedtoxicitywhenpresentinchemicalmixtures(Costaetal.2008).Giventhecom-plexityoftheassessmentofdetrimentaleffectsfromenvironmentalmixturesoftoxicants,anddifficultiesininterpretingresults,itisoftennotpossibletoascribethecauseofimpairment;oneapproachtoovercometheselimitationsistointegratemeasurementsofspecificandsensitivebiomarkerswiththeassessmentsoftheeffectsonorganismsandpopulationsinchronicbioassays.Theunderstandingofecotoxicologicalprocessesmustconsideranintegratedapproach,inwhichmolecularimpactisrelatedwithhigher-orderbiologicalconsequencesattheindividual,populationandcommunitylevels(Costaetal.2005;Neuparthetal.2005).Thefirsttopicpresentsseveralexamplesofintegratedmethodologiestoaccesstheeffects
M.H.Costa(&)IMAR-InstitutodoMar,DepartamentodeCieˆnciaseEngenhariadoAmbiente,FaculdadedeCieˆnciaseTecnologiadaUniversidadeNovadeLisboa,2829-516Caparica,Portugale-mail:mhcosta@fct.unl.pt
123
Ecotoxicology(2009)18:971–973DOI10.1007/s10646-009-0388-0ofcomplexmixtures,asitisthecaseofestuarinesedi-mentsandpulpmilleffluents.
Environmentalcontamination,biomonitoringandhumanhealth
Traditionally,environmentalobservationswereintendedtoserveforecosystemsresearch,conductedmainlyonanexperimentalbasistoaddressthepatternsofnutrientcycling,organicmatteraccumulation,primaryproductiv-ity,populationdynamicsandtoidentifysitedisturbances.Nowadays,thebroadestandmorecompellingneedforbetterandmoreintegrateddesignprinciplesformonitoringisbasedonthenumerousandcomplexproblemsassociatedwithenvironmentalchange,whichincludeconcernwithclimatechange,lossofbioticdiversity,nutrientenrichmenttonaturalecosystemsandfastpaceandimpactofland-usechange(BrunsandWiersma2004).Theconceptofinte-gratedmonitoringsystemsandassociatenetworksreceivedgrowingattentioninthelasttwodecades,aspartofsci-entificresearchtoaddresstheseenvironmentalproblemsfromalocaltoaglobalperspective.Fulfillingthestrategyofdifferentinternationalorgani-zationssuchastheOSPARConventionandtheInterna-tionalCouncilfortheExplorationoftheSea(ICES2001),monitoringprogramsshouldmakeuseofanintegratedtooltolinkcontaminantsandecologicalresponses.TheOSPARconventionthataimstoprotectthemarineenvironmentoftheNorthEastAtlanticrequirestakingallpossibleactiontopreventandeliminatepollution.UndertheJointAssessmentandMonitoringProgramandconcerningthequalityoftheaquaticenvironment,monitoringforcon-taminantsinwater,sedimentandbiotaisrequired.AlsotheICESstrategy,stating‘‘humanactivitiesonlandandseahaveanimpactonmarineecosystems’’aimstounderstandthephysicalandbiologicalfunctioningofmarineecosys-temsaswellasevaluatingtheecosystemeffectsofhumanactivities.TheadoptionofsuchastrategywillcontributetothechallengelaunchedbytheEUWaterFrameworkDirective(WFD)concerningtheobjectiveofassessingtheecologicaleffectsofpollution(Picadoetal.2007).Theassessmentofbiologicaleffectsrevealstobeofgreatvalueintermsofmanagementaimingtoassessthequalityofecosystems.Anassessmentoftheenvironmentalqualityofwaterbodiesintermsofchemicalanalysisonspecificcompoundsfailsinitsobjectivesknowingthatecosystemsareunderthepressureofcomplexmixturesofcontaminantsnotalwayssimpletoanalyze.Besides,theeffectsofenvironmentalcontaminationmayresultnotonlyfromtoxicantconcentrationsbutalsofromtheirinterac-tions,relativepotencyandenvironmentalcharacteristicsthatultimatelydeterminebioavailability.Moreover,with