上海市高考英语模拟试题(有答案)

英语 Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

May Day in India Each May 1, workers in India join others around the world to mark May Day, depending on local customs.

It’s quite appropriate that India celebrates with an official holiday in some of its 29 states and seven union territories. After all, the country has an (21) _______ (estimate) 522 million workers, more than the entire population of the United States.

Here’s a Q&A on May Day in general: Isn’t May Day about dancing around a pole? You are correct -- dancing is involved. That’s because “May Day” actually does double duty, celebrating two different things.

May Day originally started out as a celebration with roots in roman traditions. By the Middle Ages, May Day also (22) _______ (involve) the maypole, which is made of wood and covered with decorations. Those are held by dancers (23) _______ circle around the pole.

That (24) _______ be the May Day you remember from your childhood, and that’s one of the two ways May Day is celebrated.

What does that have to do with workers? This is where May Day’s double duty comes in. In May 1886, US activists organized a national strike (25) _______ (seek) an eight-hour workday. In Chicago’s Haymarket Square, the protest turned violent with around 11 to 15 deaths (26) _______ police and participants.

(27) _______ (honor) the workers in the Haymarket disturbance, the International Socialist Conference declared May 1 would be a day labeled for labor, to be called International Workers’ Day. The holiday (28) _______ (establish) at a meeting in 1889 and eventually spread to many parts of the world. And that’s (29) _______ maypoles, labor parades and protests are all part of May 1. So where does India fit in with all of this? India’s first Labor Day was celebrated in 1923 in Madras, now called Chennai. Over time, the holiday spread to other parts of the country.

According to Hindu.com, organizations and trade unions arrange parades and “children enter contests (30) _______ _______ they can understand the importance of fairness for workers.”

Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. advanced B. concerns C. consequential D. data E. determined F. feed G. identify H. precautions I. scratched J. technological K. transform The Rise of the Smart City The information revolution is changing the way cities are run - and the lives of its residents. Cities have a way to go before they can be considered geniuses. But they’re getting smart pretty fast.

In just the past few years, mayors and other officials in cities across the country have begun to draw on __31__ - about income, traffic, fires, illnesses, parking tickets and more - to handle many of the problems of urban life. Whether it’s making it easier for residents to find parking places, or giving smoke alarms to the households that are most likely to suffer fatal fires, big - data technologies are beginning to __32__ the way cities work.

Cities have just __33__ the surface in using data to improve operations, but big changes are already under way in leading smart cities, says Stephen Goldsmith, a professor of government and director of the Innovations in Government Program at the Harvard Kennedy School. “In terms of city governance, we are at one of the most __34__ periods in the last century,” he says.

Although cities have been using data in various forms for decades, the modern practice of civic analytics（民情分析）has only begun to take off in the past few years, thanks to a host of __35__ changes. Among them: the growth of cloud computing, which dramatically lowers the costs of storing information; new developments in machine learning, which put __36__ analytical tools in the hand of city officials; the Internet and the rise of inexpensive sensors that can track vast amount of information such as traffic or air pollution; and the widespread use of smart phone apps and mobile devices that enable citizens and city workers alike to monitor problems and __37__ information about them back to city hall.

All this data collection raises understandable privacy __38__. Most cities have policies designed to safeguard citizen privacy and prevent the release of information that might __39__ any one individual. In theory, anyway. Widespread use of sensors and video can also present privacy risks unless __40__ are taken. The technology “is forcing cities to face questions of privacy that they haven’t had to face before,” says Ben Green, a fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society and lead author of a recent report on open-data privacy.