2016年英语专业八级考试真题及答案（作文）
专业八级英语作文
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专业八级英语作文篇1Along with the advance of science and technology, electronic products, such as computer, MP3,and cell phone and so on. Among them, cell phone exerts a big influence on our daily life.It has dramatically changed our way of communication and socializing. As to its virtues and defects about cell phone, peoples opinion are widely varied.Recently, a professor named Baron conducted a survey among 2000 college students and consulted their attitudes toward cell phone. Conclusion was reached that the biggest advantage of cell phone is that it can connect the users with other people through short message, which is very convenient compared with traditional letter writing and also very cheap with the telephone call taking into consideration.As every coin has two sides, the very virtue of the cell phone is also the biggest disadvantage,which makes other people can easily fine them with a call even a message.Cell phone are gradually intruding upon the private space of people.For the most part, I agree with professor Baron s conclusion. Let me first illustrate its virtues. It indeed save much time and efforts when we want to find a helping hand.It also shortens the distance between people,no matter how far two people are, they can easily get in touch with each other through a call and telleach other about what funny or sad things they come upon. The most obvious advantage of short message is that it makes people familiar and intimate. Sometimes ,people feel awkward to say something to others through face to face communication or making a phone call, the short message come to rescue, all the discomfort will be diminished for the messages covering the emotional effect. Messages are very popular and prevailing when a festival or delightful event comes. People can pass their blessing and wished with decent to others,even they are just nodding acquaintances.For its defects, it is really annoying. Scan messages and harassing calls have gained access to us. We have to take time and energy to tackle these problems. And whenever we want to have a break or do some interesting things, we would be interrupted by phone calls or messages. Therefore, some people put forward their solutions that we could turn off the phone when we deem it is necessary or change the situation model of the phone to unreachable. These solutions really bring consolation to us, but they are very hard to apply. Suppose you are working for a company and yearning for promotion and increase in wages, you are hardly dare to do those things in fear a loss of big opportunity. Even if you are just an ordinary full time housewife, you are also incapable of doing that, simply because you have a large family to take care.Thus a new term was coined recently- cell phone syndrome, which refers to people can not live without cell phone. Some people even suffer from it that they have to force themselves to get away from cell phones.Though a lot of complaints about cell phone has emerged, its advantages, from my point of view, are far outweigh its disadvantages. Just as a saying goes that there is no perfect manon earth,so does cell phone. Thanks to cell phone, we are launch into a more efficient information change age. Every respect of our life are greatly benefited form it and it will uncertainly bring us to a brighter future.专业八级英语作文篇2Faced with the question whether it is worthwhile to spend a year or two voluntee ？？ring in western China， many college students would probably shake their heads， seeing it as a waste of valuable learning time. However，I will give an affirmative answer without hesitation，because this experience can apparently benefit us in many ways.First， it is a great opportunity for us to apply the knowledge we have acquired at college. Different from temporary part-time jobs， a longer volunteer work experience is truly fulfilling and rewarding. As English majors， we can learn to use and teach the language effectively in real classes; as education majors， we can experiment with those textbook theories in helping manage a school or instruct the younger; those who study engineering can take this chance to turn their ideas and skills into running machines， new bridges and broad roads. From this experience，we will better understand our schoolwork and even build up considerable expertise in our chosen fields.Second， we can gain a great sense of satisfaction by making contributions in an underdeveloped region. Right now，the western China is suffering from both the short ？？age of resources and that of talents in its course of development. If we can step into the needed roles by simply sacrificing a year or two，we will be able to make some differ？？ence to the situation as a whole. Imagine how proud you will be when telling your fami？？ly and friends how you have taught the illiterate to read， andhow you have helped to change the look of a backward town. Compared with the great sense of pride you feel，a year‘s time is just a small price to pay.Third，we can establish a deep friendship with local people. On the one hand， if you truly love and help the people you work with， they naturally love and help you back. Take a senior I know for example，who served two months as a teacher in a dry northwestern town. During the period of water shortage， both his students and their parents voluntarily kept water for him，sometimes despite their own need. Recalling his days there， he said they were not easy but he could not help missing them. Probably many volunteers would feel the same as him. While we are giving care，support and help，we often get back more including a lasting friendship.Therefore，I will readily sign up to volunteer in the western China despite various challenges I may meet. Think of the differences we can make there and the changes this experience can make to us， why not walk out of the ivory tower and step onto the promising land of our country？专业八级英语作文篇3Although the grand ceremony of Oscar was over this year, the attention and discussion linger in the Chinese movie community and out. Some insiders hold that following global trends is the only way to develop China’s film industry. Others insist, however, that the Oscars are simply one the many awards that Americans like to crown themselves. Domestic films should maintain their distinct flavors. As a movie fan myself, I think we should strive for it to gain international recognition.Firstly, the Oscars Award is an international recognition in terms of both artistic performance and box office revenue. Withlive broadcast in 50 languages, it plays a huge role in shaping the global film industry. It is no wonder that so many people around the world pay much attention to it. The reality is that Hollywood movies account for more than 90 percent of global market shares-this has inevitable worldwide impact. Obviously, the Oscars Award has become something that we can not afford to ignore it.Moreover, we live in a global, multicultural world where different cultures interact. China’s movie industry needs to realize it and sharpen its competitive edge. If Chinese films are to make a global impact, then movie production, distribution and marketing organization need improving. Chinese films should adjust to satisfy the variety of social demands. The introduction of foreign successful formulas and technology is a must for Chinese film industry. It is parochial to think that China can only use its national characteristics to define domestic movies. Conservatism will hinder the progress of film industry. If China does not develop its film industry through embracing innovative multiculturalism, Chinese movies will have little opportunity to gain a share in the international market.Last but not least, the Hollywood films also conform to specific cultural demands. Take this year’s Academy Awards as an example, nominated movies include both high-cost productions like The Lord of the Rings and subtle, more moderate budgeted projects like Lost in Translation, these films suggest that Hollywood movies maintain a basic balance in keeping the style of its own and absorbing diverse cultures. Hence, the Chinese filmmakers should spare no efforts to present original domestic films to foreign viewers. We will be left behind if we stick to the so-called orthodox. For instance, Couching TigerHidden Dragon was acted by Chinese actors and through cultural icons, but actually its style and structure of the movie all conform to a Hollywood formula. This partly explains why it appeals to a wider range of audiences from different cultural background.In a word, the Oscars are very important to Chinese filmmakers. Nominations are a kind of approval by international peers of their achievements. As C hina’s market improves, its movie industry will get stronger and will eventually cash in on the Oscars.专业八级英语作文篇4As is revealed in the cartoon, a boy is contemplating(认为) the true meaning of happiness. It is indeed a tough question for him: what is happiness? Making a huge sum of money, or winning true love, or keeping good health, or what? The picture is fairly thought-provoking, which intends to convey to us this message: Due attention should be paid to the constant topic of human—happiness.We can easily recognize the significance of attitude in terms of happiness. On the one hand, some have suffered a great deal but generally remain happy. Take the victims of Wen Chuan earthquake as an example, they lost their families and even something more precious, but they eventually stepped out of the pain to rebuild their home. On the other hand, people who have a relatively easy and comfortable life, and yet are essentially unhappy. Without a positive attitude or the determination to find the little happiness of life, you are destined to be grievous, no matter what kind of situation you are in.Considering all the points discussed above, it is advisable that we highly value optimism and apply it in our studies and work. We are, therefore, supposed to take a rational attitude.Happiness is an attitude, not a condition, which lies in the unswerving efforts to complete one’s life.专业八级英语作文篇5Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision. It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life. Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it,“And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do something, then our life becomes meaningful and specifically orientated. This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life. First things first, ambition renders us a sense of mission.No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice. Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission. And only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness. Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition “I came, I sa w, I conquered.” And became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome. John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature. In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full. Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials. Without ambition one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano. A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller. It was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whoseachievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the moon. Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction. If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and others. Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whatever evil means, finally turned him into a demon. It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering. Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland. However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan. Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic doom. To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves. A poet says: life can be bad; life can be good; life can be dirty; life can be sad,; life can even be painful. In my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-orientated ambition.【专业八级英语作文范文（精选5篇）】。
2016英语专八
1QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016) -GRADE EIGHT TIMELIMIT: 150 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEETONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) youfill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheetfor note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to checkyour work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interviewwill be divided into TWO parts. Atthe end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview andthe questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-secondpause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the bestanswer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. Now, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of theinterview.1. A. Maggie ’s university life.B. Her mom ’s life at Harvard.C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.D. Maggie ’s opinion on her mom ’s major.22. A. They take exams in the same weeks.B. They have similar lecture notes.C. They apply for the same internship.D. They follow the same fashion.3. A. Having roommates.B. Practicing court trails.C. Studying together.D. Taking notes by hand.4. A. Protection.B. Imagination.C. Excitement.D. Encouragement.5. A. Thinking of ways to comfort Mom.B. Occasional interference from Mom.C. Ultimately calls when Maggie is busy.D. Frequent check on Maggie ’s grades.Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of theinterview.6. A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.B. Because parents love to return to college.C. Because kids require their parents to do so.D. Because kids find it hard to adapt to college life.7. A. Real estate agent.B. Financier.C. Lawyer.D. Teacher.8. A. Delighted.B. Excited.C. Bored.D. Frustrated.39. A. How to make a cake.B. How to make omelets.C. To accept what is taught.D. To plan a future career.10. A. Unsuccessful.B. Gradual.C. Frustrating.D. Passionate.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)There was music from my neighbor ’hosu se through the summer nights. In his bluegardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne andthe stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft ortaking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the waters of theSound, drawing aquaplanes（滑水板）over cataracts of foam. On weekends Mr. Gatsby’sRolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in themorning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug tomeet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day withscrubbing-brushes and hammer and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.(2)Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived froma fruiterer in New York –every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves.There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in halfan hour, if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler ’s thumb.(3)At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet ofcanvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby ’s enormgaorudse n. Onbuffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvr（e冷盘）, spiced baked hams crowdedagainst salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the4main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and withcordials （加香甜酒）so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to knowone from another.(4)By seven o ’clock the orchestra has arrive–d no thinfive-piece affair but a whole pitfulof oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and piccolos and low and highdrums. The last swimmers have come in from the beach now and are dressing upstairs; the carsfrom New York are parked five deep in the drive, and already the halls and salons and verandasare gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond thedreams of Castile. The bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the gardenoutside until the air is alive with chatter and laughter and casual innuendo and introductionsforgotten on the spot and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other ’snames.(5)The lights grow brighter as the earth lurches away from the sun and now the orchestra isplaying yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key higher. Laughter is easier,minute by minute, spilled with prodigality, tipped out at a cheerful word.(6)The groups change more swiftly, swell with new arrivals, dissolve and form in the samebreath –already there are wanderers, confident girls whoweave here and there among thestouter and more stable, become for a sharp, joyous moment the center of a group and thenexcited with triumph glide on through the sea-change of faces and voices and color under theconstantly changing light.(7)Suddenly one of these gypsies in trembling opal, seizes a cocktail out of the air, dumps itdown for courage and moving her hands like Frisco dances out alone on the canvas platform. Amomentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythm obligingly for her and there is a burst ofchatter as the erroneous news goes around that she is Gilda Gray ’s understudy from the Folies.The party has begun.(8)I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby ’s house I was one of the few guests whohad actually been invited. People were not invited –they went there. They got into automobileswhich bore them out to Long Island and somehow they ended up at Gatsby ’s door. Once therethey were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby, andafter that they conducted themselvesaccording to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came andwent without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was itsown ticket of admission.(9)I had been actually invited. A chauffeur in a uniform crossed my lawn early thatSaturday morning with a surprisingly formal note from his employer –the honor would beentirely Gatsby ’s, it said, if I would attend his “little party ”that night. He had seen me severaltimes and had intended to call on me long before but a peculiar combination of circumstanceshad prevented it –signed Jay Gatsby in a majestic hand.5(10)Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn a little after seven and wanderedaround rather ill-at-ease among swirls and eddies of people I didn’t know –though here andthere was a face I had noticed on the commuting train. I was immediately struck by the numberof young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry and all talking inlow earnest voices to solid and prosperous Americans. I was sure that they were sellingsomething: bonds or insurance or automobiles. They were, at least, agonizingly aware of theeasy money in the vicinity and convinced that it was theirs for a few words in the right key.(11)As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host but the two or three people ofwhom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way and denied so vehementlyany knowledge of his movements that I slunk off in the direction of the cocktail table –the onlyplace in the garden where a single man could linger without looking purposeless and alone.11. It can be inferred form Para. 1 that Mr. Gatsby ______ through the summer.A. entertained guests from everywhere every weekendB. invited his guests to ride in his Rolls-Royce at weekendsC. liked to show off by letting guests ride in his vehiclesD. indulged himself in parties with people from everywhere12. In Para.4, the word “permeate”probably means ______.A. perishB. pushC. penetrateD. perpetrate13. It can be inferred form Para. 8 that ______.A. guests need to know Gatsby in order to attend his partiesB. people somehow ended up in Gatsby’s house as guestsC. Gatsby usually held garden parties for invited guestsD. guests behaved themselves in a rather formal manner14. According to Para. 10, the author felt ______ at Gatsby ’s party.A. dizzyB. dreadfulC. furiousD. awkward615. What can be concluded from Para.11 about Gatsby?A. He was not expected to be present at the parties.B. He was busy receiving and entertaining guests.C. He was usually out of the house at the weekend.D. He was unwilling to meet some of the guests.PASSAGE TWO(1)The Term “CYBERSPACE”was coined by William Gibson, a science -fiction writer. Hefirst used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel,“Neuromancer ”, whose main character, Henryo Drsett Case, is a troubled computer hacker anddrug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucinationexperienced daily by billions of legitimate operators a”nd “ag raphic representation of dataabstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. ”(2)His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient （有先见之明的）. Cyberspacehas become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fibre-optic cables, wireless links andother infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The myriadconnections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone whouses the web to tap into humanity ’s collective store ofknowledge every day.(3)But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becomingever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through suchattacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive,Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant Americanretailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers,including credit- and debit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company,and eBay, an online marketplace, have also been hit.(4) The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. Widerconcerns have been raised by the revelations about the mass surveillance carried out by Westernintelligence agencies made by Edward Snowden, a contractor to America ’Nsa tional SecurityAgency (NSA), as well as by the growing numbers ofcyber-warriors being recruited bycountries that see cyberspace as a new domain of warfare. America ’s president, Barack Obama,said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber- threats “pose one of the gravestnational- security dangers ”the country is facing.(5)Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed topromote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not worrymuch about threats because the network was affiliated with America ’ms ilitary. As hackersturned up, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keepthem at bay. Gartner, a research firm, reckons that last year organizations around the globe spent$67 billion on information security.7(6)On the whole, these defenses have worked reasonably well. For all the talk about the riskof a “cyber 9/11 ”, the internet has proved remarkably resilient. Hundreds of millions of peopleturn on their computers every day and bank online, shop atvirtual stores, swap gossip andphotos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the webwithout ill effect. Companies and governments are shifting ever more services online.(7)But the task is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data andpeople, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both ofwhich are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and InternationalStudies (CSIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at$445 billion –a sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such asAustria.(8)To add to the worries, there is also the risk ofcyber-sabotage. Terrorists or agents ofhostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control vital parts of aneconomy, including power stations, electrical grids and communications networks. Such attacksare hard to pull off, but not impossible. One precedent is the destruction in 2010 of centrifuges（离心机）at a nuclear facility in Iran by a computer program known as Stuxnet.(9)But such events are rare. The biggest day-to-day threats faced by companies andgovernment agencies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and tradesecrets. For example, smarter, better-organized hackers are making life tougher for thecyber-defenders, but the report will argue that even so a number of things can be done to keepeveryone safer than they are now.(10)One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right. All too oftenbreaches are caused by simple blunders, such as failing to separate systems containing sensitivedata from those that do not need access to them. Companies also need to get better atanticipating where attacks may be coming from and at adapting their defences swiftly inresponse to new threats. Technology can help, as can industryinitiatives that allow firms to shareintelligence about risks with each other.(11)There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots orsticks. One idea is to encourage internet-service providers, or the companies that manageinternet connections, to shoulder more responsibility for identifying and helping to clean upcomputers infected with malicious software. Another is to find ways to ensure that softwaredevelopers produce code with fewer flaws in it so that hackers have fewer security holes toexploit.(12)An additional reason for getting tech companies to give a higher priority to security isthat cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions ofnew devices, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tinycomputers that connect them to the web and make them more useful. Dubbed “the internet things ”th,i s is already making it possible, for example, to control home appliances usingsmartphone apps and to monitor medical devices remotely.8(13)But unless these systems have adequate security protection, the internet of things couldeasily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to takeadvantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kidstapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders. It has grown up with a vengeance.16. Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as ______.A. a function only legitimate computer operators haveB. a representation of data from the human systemC. an important element stored in the human systemD. an illusion held by the common computer users17. Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first fourparagraphs?A. Cyberspace has more benefits than defects.B. Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.C. Cyberspace symbolizes technological advance.D. Cyberspace still remains a sci-fi notion.18. According to Para. 5, the designing principles of the internet and cyberspace security are______.A. controversialB. complimentaryC. contradictoryD. congruent19. What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.B. The Origin of Cyber Crime.C. How to Deal with Cyber Crime.D. The Definition of Cyber Crime.PASSAGE THREE(1)You should treat skeptically the loud cries now coming from colleges and universitiesthat the last bastion of excellence in American education is being gutted by state budget cuts andmounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education is not a bastion of excellence. It is shotthrough with waste, lax academic standards and mediocre teaching and scholarship.9(2)True, the economic pressures –from the Ivy League to state systems –are intense. Lastyear, nearly two-thirds of schools had to make midyear spending cuts to stay within theirbudgets. It is also true (as university presidents and deans argue) that relieving those pressuresmerely by raising tuitions and cutting courses will make matters worse. Students will pay moreand get less. The university presidents and deans want to be spared from further governmentbudget cuts. Their case is weak.(3)Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little teaching totoo many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and quality improved without reducing thenumber of graduates. Many colleges and universities should shrink. Some should go out ofbusiness. Consider:Except for elite schools, admissions standards are low. About 70 percent of freshmen atfour-year colleges and universities attend their first-choice schools. Roughly 20 percentgo to their second choices. Most schools have eagerly boosted enrollments to maximizerevenues (tuition and state subsidies).Dropout rates are high. Half or more of freshmen don ’t get degrees. A recent study ofPhD programs at 10 major universities also found high dropout rates for doctoralcandidates.The attrition among undergraduates is particularly surprising because college standardshave apparently fallen. One study of seven top schools found widespread grade inflation.In 1963, half of the students in introductory philosophy courses got a B –or worse. By1986, only 21 percent did. If elite schools have relaxed standards, the practice is almostsurely widespread.Faculty teaching loads have fallen steadily since the 1960s. In major universities, seniorfaculty members often do less than two hours a day of teaching. Professors are“socialized to publish, teach graduate students and spend aslittle time teaching(undergraduates) as possible,”concludes James Fairweather of Penn State University in anew study. Faculty pay consistently rises as undergraduate teaching loads drop.Universities have encouraged an almost mindless explosion of graduate degrees. Since1960, the number of masters ’degrees awarded annually has risen more than fourfold to337,000. Between 1965 and 1989, the annual number of MBAs (masters in businessadministration) jumped from 7,600 to 73,100.(4)Even so, our system has strengths. It boasts manytop-notch schools and allows almostanyone to go to college. But mediocrity is pervasive. We push as many freshmen as possiblethrough the door, regardless of qualifications. Because bachelors ’degrees are so common, wecreate more graduate degrees of dubious worth. Does anyone believe the MBA explosion hasimproved management?10(5)You won’t hear much about this from college deans or university presidents. Theycreated this mess and are its biggest beneficiaries. Large enrollments support large faculties.More graduate students liberate tenured faculty from undergraduate teaching to concentrate onwriting and research: the source of status. Richard Huber, a former college dean, writesknowingly in a new book ( “How Professors Play the Cat Guarding the Cream: Why We’rePaying More and Getting Less in Higher Education ”): Presidents, deans and trustees ... call formore recognition of good teaching with prizes and salary incentives.(6)The reality is closer to the experience of Harvard University ’s distinguishedpal eontologist Stephen Jay Gould: “To be perfectly honest, though lip service is given toteaching, I have never seriously heard teaching considered in any meeting for promotion...Writing is the currency of prestige and promotion. ”(7)About four-fifths of all students attend state-subsidizedsystems, from communitycolleges to prestige universities. How governors and state legislatures deal with their budgetpressures will be decisive. Private schools will, for better or worse, be influenced by state actions.The states need to do three things.(8)First, create genuine entrance requirements. Today’s low standards tell high schoolstudents: You don’t have to work hard to go to college. States should change the message byraising tuitions sharply and coupling the increase with generous scholarships based on merit andincome. To get scholarships, students would have to pass meaningful entrance exams. Ideally,the scholarships should be available for use at in-state private schools. All schools would thencompete for students on the basis of academic quality and costs. Today’s system of generaltuition subsidies provides aid to well-to-do families that don ’t need it or to unqualified studentswho don ’t deserve it.(8)Next, states should raise faculty teaching loads, mainly atfour-year schools. (Teachingloads at community colleges are already high.) This would cut costs and reemphasize theprimacy of teaching at most schools. What we need are teachers who know their fields and cancommunicate enthusiasm to students. Not all professors can be path-breaking scholars. Theexcessive emphasis on scholarship generates many unread books and mediocre articles inacademic journals. “You can’t do more of one (research) without less of the other (teaching), ”says Fairweather. “People are working hard –it ’s just where they’re working. ”(10)Finally, states should reduce or eliminate the least useful graduate programs.Journalism (now dubbed “communications ”), business and education are prime candidates. A lotof what they teach can –and should –be learned on the job. If colleges and universities did abetter job of teaching undergraduates, there would be less need for graduate degrees.(11)Our colleges and universities need to provide a bettereducation to deserving students.This may mean smaller enrollments, but given today ’s attrition rates, the number of graduatesneed not drop. Higher education could become a bastion of excellence, if we would only try.1120. It can be concluded from Para.3 that the author was______ towards the education.A. indifferentB. neutralC. positiveD. negative21. The following are current problems facing all American universities EXCEPT ______.A. high dropout ratesB. low admission standardsC. low undergraduate teaching loadsD. explosion of graduate degrees22. In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states do all the followingEXCEPT ______.A. set entrance requirementsB. raise faculty teaching loadsC. increase undergraduate programsD. reduce useless graduate programs23. “Prime candidates”in Para. 10 is used as ________.A. euphemismB. metaphorC. analogyD. personification24. What is the author ’s main argument in the passage?A. American education can remain excellent by ensuring state budget.B. Professors should teach more undergraduates than postgraduates.C. Academic standard are the main means to ensure educational quality.D. American education can remain excellent only by raising teaching quality.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answereach question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.12PASSAGE ONE25. From the description of the party preparation, what words can you see to depict Gatby ’sparty?26. How do you summarize the party scene in Para. 6? PASSAGE TWO27. What do the cases of Target, Adobe and eBay in Para. 3 show?28. Why does the author say the task is becoming harder in Para. 7?29. What is the conclusion of the whole passage?PASSAGE THREE30. What does the author mean by saying “Their case is weak”in Para. 2?31. What does “grade inflation ”in Para. 3 mean?32. What does the author mean when he quotes RichardHuber in Para. 5?13PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. Ineach case, only ONE word is involved. You shouldproof-read the passage and correct it in thefollowing way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write theword you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end ofthe line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in theblank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.14PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.流逝，表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。
英语专业八级 2016年
英语专业八级2016年摘要：一、英语专业八级考试介绍1.考试背景2.考试目的3.考试难度与要求二、2016年英语专业八级考试情况概述1.考试时间2.考试报名人数3.考试题型与分值分布三、2016年英语专业八级考试真题分析1.听力部分2.阅读理解部分3.语法词汇部分4.写作部分四、备考策略与建议1.制定合理的学习计划2.注重基本功的培养3.提高实战演练的频率4.调整心态，保持良好的学习状态正文：英语专业八级考试是我国高校英语专业教育体系中的一个重要评价标准，旨在检验本科生在听、说、读、写、译等方面的综合能力。
自2016年起，英语专业八级考试逐渐成为英语专业学生追求的荣誉和挑战。
2016年的英语专业八级考试在3月份进行，吸引了大量英语专业的学生报名参加。
该考试分为听力、阅读理解、语法词汇、写作四个部分，总分为100分。
其中，听力部分占比20%，阅读理解部分占比30%，语法词汇部分占比20%，写作部分占比30%。
通过对2016年英语专业八级考试真题的分析，我们可以发现以下特点：1.听力部分：题目设置更加贴近实际生活，考查学生对英语国家文化的理解能力；2.阅读理解部分：文章选材广泛，涉及政治、经济、科技等多个领域，考查学生的泛读能力；3.语法词汇部分：题目难度适中，考查学生对英语语法规则和词汇运用能力；4.写作部分：题目具有一定的开放性，要求学生在规定时间内完成一篇短文，考查学生的写作速度和质量。
针对以上特点，备考英语专业八级考试的学生应采取以下策略：1.制定合理的学习计划，分配时间，确保各部分能力得到均衡提升；2.注重基本功的培养，通过大量阅读、听力练习，提高语言输入能力；3.提高实战演练的频率，模拟真实考试环境，提高答题速度和准确率；4.调整心态，保持良好的学习状态，遇到困难要及时调整，保持信心。
2016年专八笔试试卷
2016年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷学校 _____________________姓名 _____________________编号 _____________________2016年3月25日考生注意事项1、考生必须自觉服从监考人员的管理，不得妨碍监考人员履行职责，考场内不准喧哗、吸烟，不得扰乱考场秩序。
2、考试过程中不准交头接耳、互打暗号或做手势。
3、试卷封面上务必注明考生所在院校和考生姓名。
4、必须用蓝（黑）色钢笔、签字笔或圆珠笔答题。
铅笔答题内容不予评分。
5、考生进入考场，只准携带考试必需的文具用品，如钢笔、签字笔、圆珠笔；不准携带任何书籍、笔记、字典、报纸、草稿纸、手机及有存储、编程、查询等功能的电子设备等。
凡携带者必须在考试前主动上交上述物品。
6、考生必须在答题纸上按照题目要求答题。
答案写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
笔译或作文如需草稿纸，应向监考人员索取。
PRUEBA 1 CONOCIMIENTOS BÁSICOS DE CULTURACompleta las oraciones siguientes con una de las cuatro opciones que se te ofrece y marca las opciones elegidas en la Hoja de respuestas. (5/100, 0.5×10)1.Se restauró la actual monarquía española en la década de los años __________.A.cincuentaB.sesentaC.setentaD.ochenta2.El Grito de Dolores de 1810 implica el inicio de la lucha por la independencia en__________.A.ArgentinaB.VenezuelaC.MéxicoD.Cuba3.El nuevo presidente argentino __________ asumió el cargo en el mes dediciembre de 2015.A.Mauricio MacriB.Daniel ScioliC.Sergio MassaD.Cristina Kirchner mayor crisis humanitaria que afectó en 2015 a la Unión Europea tuvo suorigen en __________. escalada de violencia en Oriente Próximo avalancha de refugiados del Medio Oriente inminente independencia de Cataluña posible bancarrota de Grecia recuperación de los ideales y valores del clasicismo __________ marcó el finde la Edad Media y el comienzo de la moderna.A.cristianoB.góticoC.grecorromanoD.castellano6.__________ es obra de Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez.A.Los fusilamientos de la Moncloas meninasC.GuernicaD.El nacimiento de Venus7.Los principales productos que importan los países latinoamericanos desde Chinason __________.A.productos agrícolasB.productos manufacturerosC.materias primasD.servicios8.__________ no es país miembro del Mercosur.A.ChileB.UruguayC.VenezuelaD.Argentina9.El primer tren de carga que partió de __________, China, con destino a España,llegó a Madrid en noviembre de 2014.A.Xi’anB.YiwuC.QuanzhouD.Wenzhou10.En 2015 se restablecieron las relaciones diplomáticas entre Estados Unidos yCuba tras más de __________ años de bloqueo norteamericano contra el país.A.treintaB.cuarentaC.cincuentaD.sesentaPRUEBA 2 COMPRENSIÓN DE LECTURALee detenidamente los siguientes textos para hacer los ejercicios que se dan al final. (30/100, 1.5×20)Texto ILee el texto y responde a las preguntas 11-15. Selecciona las opciones correctas y márcalas en la Hoja de respuestas. (7.5/100, 1.5×5)Nos hace bien cada tanto tiempo levantar la mirada más allá del escenario latinoamericano, para ver experiencias que nos pueden dar luces a lo nuestro.Lo11-A digo ante la muerte de Lee Kuan Yew, el fundador y guía de Singapur.Tuve la oportunidad de conversar largo con él, durante una visita oficial a esa Ciudad-Estado en 2004. Me pareció11-B un privilegio ver a quien había hecho de ese lugar el puerto más avanzado y eficiente del mundo.Se habla tanto del milagro de Asia. Allí hay todo tipo de milagros, de países grandes como China, de países como Japón y Corea que marcaron el inicio del resurgimiento de Asia. Pero también está Singapur, pequeña isla en el estrecho malayo, que supo salir de la carencia total al éxito en el escenario global. ¿Cómo lo11-C hicieron? Teniendo liderazgo, teniendo una estrategia de desarrollo, un proyecto de unidad nacional y una identificación de sus ventajas comparativas. Hacia finales de la década de los cincuenta en el siglo pasado, Singapur era una colonia pobre, no sólo por la pobreza de su gente sino porque carecía de recursos naturales. Sólo tenía uno que sería clave: su ubicación geográfica, al extremo sur de Malasia y sobre un estrecho por donde, ya desde el siglo XIV, transita buena parte del comercio asiático y del mundo.Tras el fin del colonialismo británico emergió Malasia en 1963 como una federación de once estados. Lee Kuan Yew era uno de los líderes y reclamaba para Singapur una representación concordante con su influencia y peso político en la nueva etapa. Dado el sistema acordado11-D, le dijeron que no. Y allí tomó la decisión más audaz: Singapur sería independiente. Y a partir de ese momento, comienza la era de un gobernante que muchos han considerado como uno de los más brillantes y pragmáticos de la historia moderna.Vio que era clave integrar a una población mayoritariamente china con los que tenían sus ancestros en Malasia o la India. Tres razas que vivían cada una en su respectivo rincón. Por ello determinó primero crear un sistema de viviendas al alcance de los pobres. Ese plan colocaba la vivienda social al alcance de los ingresos modestos de los ciudadanos bajo una condición especial: el compromiso de tener su casa en barrios donde compartían con vecinos de las otras etnias (12). Aquella era laposibilidad de tener un solo gran Singapur, valga el término, a partir de la creación de una nueva identidad, un nuevo orgullo.La otra herramienta prioritaria fue la educación. Si Singapur pretendía ser un lugar clave para los servicios, debía tener la gente preparada para ello. Lo más importante fue la enseñanza del inglés teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos para interactuar con el mundo global. La educación también se convirtió en política exterior vecinal. Un gran plan de becas para los jóvenes de los otros países cercanos, especialmente de Malasia que tras terminar sus estudios debían quedarse tres años en el país. Claro, de cada tres, uno se enamoraba y se quedaba allí, como dijo con picardía. Pero los otros dos, se convertían en “embajadores” de Singapur en el sudeste asiático.Con igual entusiasmo me explicó que se habían propuesto hacer de la medicina otro rubro clave para el crecimiento del país. Tener alto conocimiento, excelente atención, especialistas de vanguardia listos para atender a toda la élite emergente de Asia. Lo lograron. Hoy la “gran exportación” de Singapur es su servicio médico de alta calidad y laboratorios farmacéuticos establecidos en la isla.Impulsó el comercio libre y promovió todas las condiciones favorables para ello. Cuando hoy más de la mitad del comercio mundial tiene lugar en el Asia Pacífico, el 40% de dicho comercio pasa por Singapur. Un país de 3 millones de habitantes, con geografía mínima, puso tanta eficiencia en el puerto, en el acceso que, por lógica, pasó a ser un gran centro financiero. Y, como consecuencia, lleva adelante una política exterior que le dé seguridades en su entorno, especialmente en el Pacífico. Fue en ese marco que en 2005 coincidimos en crear el llamado P-4, donde Nueva Zelanda, Brunei, Singapur y Chile unimos fuerzas para pensar una cooperación de futuro.Sí, Lee Kwan Yew fue pragmático, asiático y autocrático（独断专行的）. Pero ahí está el Singapur que soñó: un país inclusivo, socialmente cohesionado, con visión de futuro, determinado por sus potencialidades reales. Un país puede ser pequeño pero si entiende cuál es su rol en el planeta, también puede ser un faro que ilumine a otros.11.¿Cuál de las siguientes afirmaciones es incorrecta?A.Lo11-A se refiere a: nos hace bien cada tanto tiempo levantar la miradamás allá del escenario latinoamericano, para ver experiencias que nospueden dar luces a lo nuestro.B.El sujeto de pareció11-B es: ver a quien había hecho de ese lugar el puertomás avanzado y eficiente del mundo.C.El pronombre lo11-C se refiere a: el éxito en el escenario global. secuencia el sistema acordado11-D se refiere a la federación de onceestados.12.¿Cómo se interpreta la frase “Ese plan colocaba la vivienda social al alcance delos ingresos modestos de los ciudadanos bajo una condición especial: el compromiso de tener su casa en barrios donde compartían con vecinos de las otras etnias.”?A.Los vulnerables que andaban por los barrios de mestizaje estaban encondiciones de solicitar una vivienda social al gobierno.B.Los ciudadanos con pocos recursos económicos eran grandesbeneficiarios del sistema de viviendas.C.En Singapur, el techo no era problema para nadie. En todos los barriosconvivían chinos, malasios e indios.D.En Singapur, los que quisieran disfrutar del bienestar social tenían queasumir su compromiso con el gobierno.13.¿Qué resultado produjeron las políticas mencionadas en el texto?A.Un tercio de becarios se enamoraban de algún singapurense, seestablecían allá y se convertían tarde o temprano en la élite del país.B.Todos los singapurenses hablaban inglés porque era una de las asignaturasobligatorias según su sistema educativo.C.Singapur enviaba a los países vecinos médicos y enfermeros biencualificados al servicio de los altos funcionarios o altos ejecutivos.D.Singapur se transformó en el gran centro de distribución de todos losproductos que se comerciaban en el sudeste asiático.14.Según el texto, podemos deducir que el autor Ricardo Lagos es ____________.A.ex presidente de ChileB.corresponsal de algún país pequeño en SingapurC.especialista del Observatorio de la Política de los Países AsiáticosD.miembro importante de alguna organización regional o internacional15.¿Cuál será el título más apropiado de este texto?A.En memoria del gran fundador de SingapurB.Singapur, de colonia a potenciaC.Singapur, de colonia a independencias lecciones de Singapur y de su lúcido guíaTexto IILee el texto y responde a las preguntas 16-20. Selecciona las opciones y márcalas en la Hoja de respuestas. (7.5/100, 1.5×5)Cuando los niños se aburríanP OR C RIS V AQUERORecuerdo aquellos veranos en los que salíamos por la puerta a las 12 de la mañana y no volvíamos hasta las 12 de la noche. Tan sólo hacíamos una parada para comer y aguantar estoicamente（坚忍地）las dos malditas horas de la digestión, una norma16-A que se respetaba como si fuese un dogma religioso.Nuestros padres no nos veían el pelo ni sabían dónde estábamos. ¡Ni falta que les hacía16-B! Lo único que querían era perdernos de vista durante un rato. Aquello no nos causó ningún complejo infantil ni tuvimos que acudir al psicólogo ni tan siquiera se nos diagnosticó ningún estrés postraumático (17). Jamás vi a mi padre preocupado un solo segundo por si yo o alguno de mis hermanos nos aburríamos. Ése era nuestro problema.Las cosas han cambiado mucho en estos últimos 40 años. Si antes estábamos educados bajo un lema grabado a fuego en nuestras mentes “No molestar a los mayores”, ahora parece que el leiv motiv（主导思想）es justo el contrario: “Molestad a los mayores, si es posible cada cinco minutos”.Los padres nos hemos convertido en responsables de cada minuto de ocio de nuestros hijos y nos hemos transformado en un gran parque temático, obligados a buscar actividades cada media hora. Si el niño se aburre un rato porque se ha cansado de la tableta o de la consola（游戏机）, se extenderá16-C el pánico, será una auténtica tragedia y la madre recurrirá a los siete grupos de WhatsApp para reclutar a algún amiguito del equipo de fútbol, las clases de ballet o de yoga.Con este panorama, planificar las vacaciones para que no quede16-D ni un minuto libre al azar puede convertirse en una misión imposible. Y, si no, que se lo pregunten a mi compañera Carmen que tiene que organizar un planillo con cuatro hijas, cada una de ellas en una punta diferente del planeta.Y eso que la gama de campamentos de verano es ahora interminable. Antes, bastaba con apuntar a tu hijo a un campamento deportivo de nivel básico. Pero ahora si tu vástago（子女）se limita a jugar al fútbol o al baloncesto en vacaciones será un don nadie, un infeliz al que no le dará la media para entrar en la Universidad. Si tu retoño no va a un campamento con inmersión en inglés y clases de tenis, pádel（板球）, natación, golf, atletismo, patinaje sobre hielo y voley, no se sentirá realizado. Y si no incorpora la programación o la robótica, tu hijo será un fracasado. Por supuesto, si no lo puedes complementar con una cuidadora bilingüe que hable al niño en inglés oalemán aunque tenga sólo dos meses de vida, tu hijo nunca estará entre los elegidos ni se lo rifarán（争夺）en las mejores universidades ni tan siquiera tendrá un puesto de trabajo nada más terminar la carrera.La feroz competitividad que se ha instalado entre los padres ya no sólo afecta a los estudios en el colegio, sino también a las actividades extraescolares y veraniegas en una carrera eterna por optimizar el tiempo y ser más y más productivos.Todavía me acuerdo de cuando el verano era sinónimo de descanso y el aburrimiento, una sana y casi obligatoria ocupación.16.¿Cuál de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta? secuencia una norma16-A se refiere a: la digestión.B.El sujeto de hacía16-B es: falta.C.El sujeto de se extenderá16-C es: el pánico.D.El sujeto de quede16-D es: el niño.17.¿Cómo se interpreta la frase “Aquello no nos causó ningún complejo infantil nituvimos que acudir al psicólogo ni tan siquiera se nos diagnosticó ningún estrés postraumático.”?A.El hecho de que los padres se preocuparan poco por nosotros supuso unasombra en nuestra infancia. Dicho trauma ni se diagnosticó ni se curó.B.Nuestra vida infantil no fue nada complicada. La vida sencilla y relajadafue la garantía de la mente sana y despejada.C.De niño vivíamos a rienda suelta y la falta de preocupación por parte delos padres nos permitió crecer sanamente.D.Les entraba a los padres una pereza de llevar a los niños al médico, lo cualnos ahorró los inevitables nervios.18.Según el texto, los padres quieren que sus hijos se carguen las pilas en loscampamentos de verano tanto para el siguiente curso como para el futuro mediante todo tipo de clases menos las de ____________.A.músicaB.deportesC.lenguasrmática19.¿Qué tipo de madre será Carmen según el contexto?A.Una madre despreocupada cuyas cuatro hijas van a la deriva.B.Una madre hiperprotectora que suele cortar las alas a sus hijas.C.Una madre eficiente para quien nunca existe ninguna misión imposible.D.Una madre agotada que se las arregla para ofrecer lo mejor a sus hijas.20.¿Qué intenta demostrar el autor en este texto?A.En general, el amor resulta ser una vanidad o un fraude.B.Una vida exitosa no significa una vida feliz.C.Los padres de hoy se preocupan de ampliar el horizonte de los hijos.D.El peso de la vida nos hunde a todos como una losa.Texto IIILee el texto y responde a las preguntas 21-25. Selecciona las opciones y márcalas en la Hoja de respuestas. (7.5/100, 1.5×5)¿Por qué ir a Plutón?P OR R AFAEL B ACHILLER¿Por qué escalar el Everest? Ésta es la pregunta que realizaban reiteradamente al montañero británico George Mallory, quien formó parte de tres expediciones que intentaron ascender a esa gran cumbre en los años 20. Gran parte del público no comprendía el objetivo de correr riesgos y de emplear costosos medios para alcanzar esa meta21-A. De manera análoga, ahora que la sonda（太空探测器）de NASA New Horizons nos envía imágenes inéditas del pequeño y remoto Plutón, oímos la pregunta de cuál es la finalidad de tan difícil misión21-B. Recordemos que con ésta, el ser humano ya ha enviado sondas a todos los cuerpos importantes del sistema solar y que, en este momento, tenemos varias naves espaciales y robots estudiando Marte tanto desde órbita（天体运行轨道）como sobre la superficie del planeta rojo. Cuando tenemos en cuenta todas estas hazañas en las que está embarcada la humanidad, es lícito preguntarse cuál es la rentabilidad de la exploración espacial (22).En primer lugar, se puede argumentar que la tecnología espacial ha revolucionado nuestra sociedad en múltiples aspectos. Un ejemplo obvio es la utilidad de los satélites de posicionamiento global, como los sistemas GPS y Galileo, este último aún en desarrollo, que permiten la localización instantánea de un barco, un avión, o una persona individual, para guiar su trayectoria hacia su destino o para facilitar su auxilio en una situación de emergencia. Otro ejemplo indiscutible reside en los satélites de comunicaciones, ya sean para telefonía, radio o televisión, que han constituido unfactor primordial en la globalización. Finalmente, los satélites de teledetección que observan nuestro planeta de manera continuada tienen una manifiesta utilidad tanto en la gestión de grandes catástrofes naturales, como huracanes o incendios, como en la preservación del planeta a largo plazo mediante la monitorización del nivel de los océanos, de los hielos polares, de la capa de ozono（臭氧）y de muchos otros parámetros ambientales.El estudio de los planetas del sistema solar nos permite, mediante la planetología comparada, comprender mejor las características de la Tierra. Mercurio nos ofrece una superficie en la que su tenue atmósfera apenas tiene efectos apreciables, mientras que las densísimas nubes de Venus nos proporcionan un ejemplo de efecto invernadero extremo. Marte, el hermano pequeño de la Tierra, tiene muchas similitudes con nuestro planeta, pero es un mundo inerte（无生命的）. En las densas capas gaseosas de Júpiter, Saturno y Neptuno las tormentas pueden durar siglos. En todos estos planetas se dan fenómenos similares a los terrestres, pero en condiciones diferentes, lo que ayuda a vislumbrar sus causas y a relacionar los fenómenos entre sí, contribuyendo en última instancia a estudiar la evolución de nuestro planeta.El impacto tecnológico, y por tanto económico, del sector espacial es sobresaliente. Se calcula que cada dólar invertido en el programa espacial Apolo de la NASA generó 20 dólares de beneficio. La tecnología espacial, sobre todo la desarrollada en misiones científicas, es extremadamente exigente en sus requerimientos y esto21-C hace llevar la investigación en materiales y dispositivos al límite del conocimiento. Los códigos de barras, los audífonos（耳机）digitales y las bombas cardíacas miniaturizadas son algunos de los avances que han sido alcanzados gracias a la aplicación de tecnologías desarrolladas en el ámbito espacial.Sin embargo, aunque tengamos presentes todas las recompensas prácticas, no podemos evitar que nuestros sentimientos se vean embargados por la curiosidad de explorar un nuevo mundo. Estas imágenes nos van revelando paulatinamente un planeta ocre rojizo（赭红色）en el que, sorprendentemente, la actividad geológica parece relevante. Es la primera vez que los ojos humanos pueden contemplar los detalles de este mundo frío y lejanísimo. Y es que no sólo hemos ido a Plutón por todos los beneficios prácticos. La curiosidad y el espíritu aventurero, que parecen inherentes al ser humano, se plasman hoy de manera ejemplar en la exploración espacial. El afán por descubrir, por estudiar y comprender, siempre nos ha impulsado a llegar a todos los límites alcanzables. Antes fue la superficie del globo, las profundidades de los océanos, o las más altas cumbres.No sabemos si Mallory llegó a alcanzar la cumbre del Everest pues desapareció en su tercera expedición, en 1924, y su cuerpo no fue encontrado hasta 75 años después, a tan solo 500 metros de la cima. Pero no me cabe21-D ninguna duda de que este gran montañero iba animado por el mismo espíritu aventurero que hoy guía la exploración espacial.A la pregunta de “¿Por qué escalar el Everest?”, Mallory dio una respuesta muy sencilla: “Porque está ahí”.21.¿Cuál de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta? secuencia esa meta21-A se refiere a: esa gran cumbre. secuencia tan difícil misión21-B se refiere a: enviar la sonda NewHorizons a Plutón.C.El pronombre esto21-C se refiere a: el impacto tecnológico.D.El sujeto de cabe21-D es: este gran montañero Mallory.22.¿Cómo se interpreta la frase “Cuando tenemos en cuenta todas estas hazañas enlas que está embarcada la humanidad, es lícito preguntarse cuál es la rentabilidad de la exploración espacial.”?A.Cuando mandamos una tripulación al espacio exterior, la prioridad seráofrecerle una recompensa económica.B.Los contribuyentes tienen derecho a averiguar si es legítimo destinar tantopresupuesto a las expediciones espaciales.C.Sigue siendo una asignatura pendiente lo lucrativo de la exploraciónespacial. Los beneficios no son proporcionales a las inversiones.D.Ahora toca preguntarnos si las empresas sin precedentes aportan altosvalores añadidos a la vida cotidiana.23.De las siguientes afirmaciones acerca de los cuerpos importantes del sistema solar,¿cuál es la acertada?A.El planeta rojo es una lección viva de efecto invernadero. atmósfera de Mercurio puede frenar los impactos de meteoritos（陨石）.C.Tal vez haya existencia de vida en Marte, el planeta más parecido a laTierra.s condiciones climáticas son rigurosas en los planetas más lejanos. tecnología espacial no sirve para ____________.A.el rescate de los náufragos en el MediterráneoB.el pronóstico del calentamiento global colocación de los refugiados sirios en EuropaD.el bombardeo de las posiciones estratégicas del Daesh（伊斯兰国）25.Escalar el Everest e ir a Plutón tienen muchas similitudes en el sentido de que:①son aventuras tan peligrosas y atractivas que requieren todo tipo de recursos.②son apuestas por el uso masivo de las tecnologías punteras en la vidacotidiana.③son experimentos sobre la supervivencia humana en variadas condiciones.④son inversiones que generan considerables beneficios económicos.⑤son exploraciones con destinos remotos y desconocidos.⑥son pruebas de fuego sobre la voluntad férrea, la curiosidad insaciable y lainquietud intelectual del ser humano.A.①⑤⑥B.②④⑥C.③④⑤D.①③⑤Texto IVSe han extraído cinco fragmentos del siguiente texto. Léelo y decide en qué lugar del texto (26-30) hay que colocar 5 de los 8 fragmentos propuestos (A-H). Marca las opciones elegidas en la Hoja de respuestas. (7.5/100, 1.5×5)Prólogo del diccionario ClaveP OR G ABRIEL G ARCÍA MÁRQUEZTenía cinco años cuando mi abuelo el coronel me llevó a conocer los animales de un circo que estaba de paso en Aracataca. El que más me llamó la atención fue una especie de caballo maltrecho y desolado con una expresión de madre espantosa. «Es un camello（双峰驼）», me dijo el abuelo. Alguien que estaba cerca le salió al paso. «Perdón, coronel –le dijo–. Es un dromedario（单峰驼）». 26. Pero lo superó con una pregunta digna:–¿Cuál es la diferencia?–No la sé –le dijo el otro–, pero este es un dromedario.Aquella tarde del circo volvió abatido a la casa y me llevó a su sobria oficina con un solo libro enorme. Lo consultó con una atención infantil y entonces supimos para siempre la diferencia entre un dromedario y un camello.Era el diccionario de la lengua, sabe Dios cuál y de cuándo, muy viejo y ya a punto de desencuadernarse （书、本散开）. Tenía en el lomo un Atlas colosal, en cuyos hombros se asentaba la bóveda（穹顶）del universo. 27. Yo no sabía leer ni escribir, pero la noche en que conocí el diccionario se me despertó talcuriosidad por las palabras, que aprendí a leer más pronto de lo previsto. Así fue mi primer contacto con el que había de ser el libro fundamental en mi destino de escritor.28. Nunca lo vi como un libro de estudio, gordo y sabio, sino como un juguete para toda la vida. Sobre todo desde que se me ocurrió buscar la palabra amarillo, que estaba descrita de este modo simple: del color del limón. Quedé en las tinieblas, pues en las Américas el limón es de color verde. Solo a los veintitantos años, cuando fui a Europa, descubrí que allí, en efecto, los limones son amarillos. María Moliner hizo en 1976 la precisión implícita de que el color amarillo no es el de todo el limón sino solo el de su cáscara. Pero todos los diccionarios juntos, por supuesto, no le daban a los tobillos al más antiguo, compuesto en 1611 por don Sebastián de Covarrubias, que había ido más lejos que ninguno en propiedad e inspiración para identificar el amarillo: Entre las colores se tiene por la mas infelice, por ser la de la muerte y de la larga y peligrosa enfermedad, y la color de los enamorados.29. Los sabores, los sonidos y los olores son los ejemplos más fáciles. ¿Cuántas veces hemos tomado un café que sabe a ventana, un pan que sabe a baúl, un arroz que sabe a solapa y una sopa que sabe a máquina de coser? Un amigo probó en un restaurante unos espléndidos riñones al jerez, y dijo, suspirando: «¡Sabe a mujer!». En un ardiente verano de Roma tomé un helado que no me dejó la menor duda: sabía a Mozart.Para resolver estos problemas de la poesía, por supuesto, no existen diccionarios, pero deberían existir. Creo que doña María Moliner lo tuvo muy en cuenta cuando se hizo una promesa con muy pocos precedentes: escribir sola, en su casa, con su propia mano, el diccionario de uso del español. En realidad, lo que esa mujer de fábula había emprendido era una carrera de velocidad y resistencia contra la vida. Es decir: una empresa infinita, porque las palabras no las hacen los académicos en las academias, sino la gente en la calle. Los autores de los diccionarios las capturan casi siempre demasiado tarde, las embalsaman por orden alfabético, y en muchos casos cuando ya no significan lo que pensaron sus inventores. 30. Y también, con un poco de suerte, los buenos escritores hasta los cien.Fragmentos:A.Esto quiere decir que los diccionarios tienen que sostener el mundo.B.Este libro no solo lo sabe todo, sino que es el único que nunca se equivoca.C.Lo que quería en el fondo era agarrar al vuelo todas las palabras desde quenacían.D.Puedo imaginarme ahora cómo debió sentirse el abuelo de que alguien lohubiera corregido en presencia del nieto.。
2016年专8听力真题、答案及讲座原文
SECTION A MINI-LECTUREModels for Arguments Three models for arguments●the first model for arguing is called (1) _________;—arguments are treated as war—there is much winning and losing—it is a (2) __________ model for arguing●the second model for arguing is arguments as proofs:—(3) warranted __________—valid inferences and conclusions—no (4) __________ in the adversarial sense●the third model for arguing is (5) _________:—the audience is (6) __________ in the arguments —arguments must (7) __________ the audience Traits of the argument as war●very dominant: it can shape (8) _________●strong arguments are needed●negative effects include:—(9) _________ are emphasized—winning is the only purpose—this type of arguments prevent (10) _________—the worst thing is (11) _________●implication from arguments as war: (12) _________—e.g., one providing reasons and the other raising (13) _________ —the other one is finally persuadedSuggestions on new ways to (14) _________ of arguments●think of new kinds of arguments●change roles in arguments●(15) _________SECTION B INTERVIEWNow, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.1.What is the topic of the interview?A. Maggie’s university life.B. Her mom’s life at Harvard.C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.D. Maggie’s opinion on her mom’s major.2.Which of the following indicates that they have the same study schedule?A. They take exams in the same weeks.B. They have similar lecture notes.C. They apply for the same internship.D. They follow the same fashion.3.What do the mother and the daughter have in common as students?A. Having roommates.B. Practicing court trails.C. Studying together.D. Taking notes by hand.4.What is the biggest advantage of studying with Mom?A. Protection.B. Imagination.C. Excitement.D. Encouragement.5.What is the biggest disadvantage of studying with Mom?A. Thinking of ways to comfort Mom.B. Occasional interference from Mom.C. Ultimately calls when Maggie is busy.D. Frequent check on Maggie’s grades.Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.6.Why is parent and kid studying together a common case?A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.B. Because parents love to return to college.C. Because kids require their parents to do so.D. Because kids find it hard to adapt to college life.7.What would Maggie’s mom like to be after college?A. Real estate agent.B. Financier.C. Lawyer.D. Teacher.8.How does Maggie’s mom feel about sitting in class after 30 years?A. Delighted.B. Excited.C. Bored.D. Frustrated.9.What is most challenging for Maggie’s mom?A. How to make a cake.B. How to make omelets.C. To accept what is taught.D. To plan a future career.10.How does Maggie describe the process of thinking out one’s career path?A. Unsuccessful.B. Gradual.C. Frustrating.D. Passionate.1.the dialectical modelmon and fixed3.premises4.opposition / arguing5.arguments as performances / the rhetorical model6.participatory / participating / the participant / taking part7.be tailored to / cater for8.how we argue / our actual conduct9.tactics / strategies10.negotiation and collaboration11.ther e’s no solution / progress12.learning with losing13.questions / counter-considerations / counter-arguments / objections /arguments in opposition14.achieve positive effects15.support oneself / yourselfC AD D BA C D C BGood morning, everyone. My name is David and I am good at arguing. So welcome to our introductory lecture on argumentation. Why do we want to argue? Why do we try to convince other people to believe things that they don’t want to believe? And is that even a nice thing to do? Is that a nice way to treat other human being, try and make them think something they don’t want to think? Well, my answer is going to make reference to three models for arguments.(1) The first model —let’s call this the dialectical model—is that we think of arguments as war. And you know what that’s like. There is a lot of screaming and shouting and winning and losing. (2) And that’s not really a very helpful model arguing, but it’s a pretty common and fixed one. I guess you must have seen that type of arguing many times —in the street, on the bus or in the subway.Let’s move on to the second model. The second model for arguing regards arguments as proofs. Think of a mathematician’s argument. Here’s my argument. Does it work? Is it any good? (3) Are the premises（前提）warranted? Are the inferences（推论）) valid? Does the conclusion follow the premises? (4) No opposition, no adversariality（对抗）—not necessarily any arguing in the adversarial sense.(5) And there’s a third model to keep in mind that I think is going to be very helpful, and that is arguments as performances, arguments as being in front of an audience. We can think of a politician trying to present a position, trying to convince the audience of something.But there’s another twist（转折）on this model that I really think is important; namely, that when we argue before an audience, (6)sometimes the audience has a more participatory role in the argument; that is, you present you arguments in front of an audience who are like juries（陪审团）that make a judgment and decide the case.(5) Let’s call this model the rhetorical model, (7) where you have to tailor（迎合）your argument to the audience at hand.Of those three, the argument as war is the dominant one. It dominates how we talk about arguments, it dominates how we think about arguments, and because of that, (8) it shapes how we argue, our actual right on target.We want to have our defenses up and our strategies all in order. We want killer arguments. That’s the kind of argument we want. It is the dominant way of thinking about arguments. When I’m talking about arguments, that’s probably what you thought of, the adversarial model.But the war metaphor, the war paradigm（范例）or model for thinking about arguments, has, I think, negative effects on how we argue. (9) First, it elevates tactics over substance. You can take a class in logic argumentation. You learn all about the strategies that people use to try and win arguments and that makes arguing adversarial; it’s polarizing（分化的）. And the only foreseeable outcomes are triumph —glorious triumph —or disgraceful（可耻的）defeat. I think those are very destructive effects, and worst of all, (10) it seems to prevent things like negotiation and collaboration（合作）. Um, I think the argument-as-war metaphor inhibits（阻止）those other kinds of resolutions to argumentation.(11) And finally —this is really the worst thing —arguments don’t seem toget us anywhere; they’re dead ends（死胡同）. We don’t anywhere. Oh, and one more thing. (12) That is, if argument is war, then there’s also an implicit（绝对的）aspect of meaning —learning with losing.And let me explain what I mean. Suppose you and I have an argument. You believe a proposition（命题）and I don’t. And I say, “Well, why do you believe that?”And you give me your reasons. And I object and say, “Well, what about…？” And I have a question: “Well, what do you mean? How does it apply over here?” And you answer my question. Now, suppose at the end of the day, I’ve objected, I’ve questioned, (13)I’ve raised all sorts of questions from an opposite perspective and in every case you’ve responded to my satisfaction. And so at the end of the day, I say, “You know what? I guess you’re right.” Maybe finally I lost my argument. But isn’t it also a process of learning? So you see arguments may also have positive effects.(14) So, how can we find new ways to achieve those positive effects? We need to think of new kinds of arguments. Here I have some suggestion. If we want to think of new kinds of argument, what we need to do is think of new kinds of arguers —people who argue.So try this: Think of all the roles that people play in arguments. (1) (5) There’s the proponent and the opponent in an adversarial, dialectical argument（对话式论证）. There’s the audience in rhetorical arguments.There’s the reasoner in arguments as proofs. All these different roles. Now, can you imagine an argument in which you are the arguer, but you’re also in the audience, watching yourself argue? Can you imagine yourself watching yourself argue? (15) That means you need to be supportedby yourself. Even when you lose the argument, still, at the end of the argument, you could say, “Wow, that was a good argument!” Can you do that? I think you can. In this way, you’ve been supported by yourself.Up till now, I have lost a lot of arguments. It really takes practice to become a good arguer, in the sense of being able to benefit from losing, but fortunately, I’ve had many, many colleagues who have been willing to step up and provide that practice for me.Ok. To sum up, in today’s lecture, I have introduced three models of arguments.(1) The first model is called the dialectical model. The second one is the model of arguments as proofs. (5) And the last one is called the rhetorical model, the model of arguments as performances. I have also emphasized that, though the adversarial type of arguments is quite common, we can still make arguments produce some positive effects. Next time I will continue our discussion on the process of arguing.。
英语专业八级作文范文及写作套路
Contents 英语写作经典题型及套路 4My view／opinions／ideas ．．．on．．观点题 4优劣比较题型：advantages and disadvantages of．．． 4 why题型 5How to．．．如何办题型5A or B题型套路： 5英语写作中常见错误与分析及技巧7常用句型9专八作文35个经典写作句式11写作绝招:世上无绝招，有招胜无招14如何写好开头和结尾）14写作的七项基本原则15文章主体段落三大杀手锏18英语专业八级写作模拟试题 19第1篇【题目】自学与从师 19第2篇【题目】附近旅馆19第3篇【题目】大学生出勤 20第4篇【题目】参观博物馆 20第5篇：【题目】科技是文明发展的不可或缺的动力 21 第6篇【题目】应虚心征询他人建议21第7篇：【题目】儿童早期教育22第8篇【题目】校园生活与校外生活22第9篇: 【题目】学生打工23第10篇: 【题目】小汽车利与弊23第11篇: 【题目】存钱习惯的好处24第12篇: 【题目】书本知识与实际经验 24第13篇: 【题目】居民附近工厂的利弊 25第14篇: 【题目】运气的作用25第15篇：【题目】大学教育的目的26第16篇：【题目】家长是孩子的老师26第17篇：【题目】快餐与生活27第18篇【题目】书本知识与经验27第19篇：【题目】改变家乡面貌28第20篇：【题目】成功秘诀 29第21篇：【题目】朋友交心 29第22篇【题目】大都市与田园生活 30第23篇【题目】就餐习惯30第24篇【题目】净化心灵空间31第25篇【题目】与邻为善32专业八级写作范文33Providing Physical Exercises Should Not Be The Schools Responsibility? 33Living In University Dormitories or Apartments in the Community? 33Children Should Begin Their Formal Schooling at an Early Age 34My Opinion on Advertisement34A Major Problem Resulted From Digital Divide(数字鸿沟，数码鸿沟) 35Should Household Chores Be Required as Part of the Daily Routine of School Children? 36 University Education is Essential to One's success 37Travel Helps Promote Communication between Countries 38Co-education or Single-sex Schools男女同校39Social Activities----a Necessary Complement to College Life社会实践40What Do We Need: Physical Recreation or Intellectual Activities 41Is Originality Important in Language Learning 42Universality or Diversity 43Old People Should Not be Forced by Law to Retire 44What Is the Most Appealing Feature of a Job? 45Personal Appearance: Looks Really Count 45Sending Teenagers to Study Abroad: Good or Bad? 46Early Childhood Education 47In Support Of Disabled Students' Access to Higher Education 48Human Cloning or Not? 48Will Teachers Be Replaced By Computers In The Future? 49Grandparents Raising Grandchildren 50Psychological Education in Schools 50Married Women's Choice: Housewives or Career Women 51Should College Students be allowed to Change Their Majors Midway? 52Is A College Degree Necessary In Today's World? 53Why Do I Attend University? 53What Has Turned Us Into Cheaters? 55Should Students Take Part-Time Jobs? 56Is Home The Best? 57Interview---A Chance to View the Outer Part, But Not the Core 58Television Program and Their Effect on Children 59“The younger generation knows best”59Public Transportation 60Human Education 60Criticism on Television 61The Only Thing People Are Interested In Today Is Earring More Money 61 Communication and Language 62Cooperation Goes with Competition 63The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection 63Should Men and Women Be Equal? 63Computer and Man 64What Kind Of Life To Live-Realistic Or Romantic ? 64On the Attitude towards Fighting against Criminals 64Parents Are Too Permissive With Their Children Nowadays 65Advertiser Perform a Useful Service to the Community 66Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents 66Private Cars 67On University Tuition System a in China 68Women Should Be Let To Play a More Important Role in Our State Affairs 68The Role of Migrant Workers 68The Effect of Decoding the Human Body 69It Is Often Said That Ours Is The Information Age. 69Why Governmental Workers also Have to Go abroad? 70The Problem in Using Water 70英语写作经典题型及套路My view／opinions／ideas ．．．on．．观点题套路：Plot structurePeople’s view／opinions／ideas．．．on．．．vary from person to person．Some people think that．．．they hold this opinion because．．．However, others hold that．．．As to me, I am in favor of the first／second idea．The following are the reasons of／for my choice／personal inclination. First, while it is true that．．．，it doesn’t mean that．．．Besides，．．．Admittedly，．．．but this is not to say that．．．Therefore／in a word／from the forgoing，．．．【范文】My View on Donating BloodPeople’s ideas about donating blood vary from person to person．Some people think that it is glorious to donate blood. They hold this opinion because those who are in urgent need of blood can be saved．However，others hold that it is foolish for people to donate blood．In their opinion，blood is very precious and losing 200ml or more may do harm to their health.As to me, I am in favor of the first idea．The following are the reasons for my choice．First，while it is true that the loss of too much blood is dangerous to one’s health，it does not mean that donating a little blood is also harmful．On the contrary，doctors say that donating a little blood can promote metabolism．Second，there are many people who need our help. If my little donation of blood can pull back somebody on the way to death，will there be anything that can make me happier？In a word, donating blood is glorious.优劣比较题型：advantages and disadvantages of．．．套路：Nowadays, ．．．plays an important part／role in．．．（is／are popular around us）. Like everything else，．．．has／have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally，the advantages can be listed as follows．First，．．．Besides，．．．Most important of all, ．．．But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, ．．．to make matters worse／worst of all, ．．．Through the above analysis, I believe that the advantages／positive aspects outweigh the disadvantages／negative ones. Therefore, ．．．【范文】Advantages and Disadvantages of Private TutoringNowadays, private tutoring is popular around us. A recent investigation shows that about 80％of pupils have private tutors. Like everything else, private tutoring has both favorable and unfavorable aspects．Generally，the advantages can be listed as follows. First, private tutoring is usually one-to-one，the teacher knows the strong points as well as the weak points of the students；and teaching is, in most cases, directly to the point．Private tutoring benefits a lot of pupils, indeed．But every coin has two sides．The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, it takes up so much of the pupils’time that they can hardly find enough time for rest and entertainment, which are essential for their physical and mental health. Besides, some teachers, busy “shuttling”from one family to another，tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. Most important of all，some teachers are eager to help pupils do well on the test，offering the so-called tips for test—taking rather than help them acquire what is most needed．Through the above analysis, I believe that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Greater emphasis should be laid on classroom teaching and practice，on the improvement of teachingquality and on the tapping of the pupils’potentialities. Only in this way can a new generation be healthily brought up．why题型套路：There are many factors that may account for／contribute to／responsible for the reason why．．．，but the following are the most typical ones．First，．．．besides／furthermore／moreover／in addition／what’s more，．．．most important of all／above all，．．．All in all／in conclusion，．．．【范文】Why I Took Geography as My MajorThere are many factors that may account for the reason why I took geography as my major, but the following are the most typical ones．First，the problem of global environment pollution is serious. Each year, a lot of people die from it. Therefore，I decide to learn geography to do something to make the world cleaner. Furthermore, our great China has many resources that have not been found yet. As a chinese，I think I can use my knowledge of geography to make full use of these resources. Most importantof all, the horizon of geography is very wide. It includes physics，chemistry and other fields. I can become more knowledgeable by taking geography as my major.In conclusion，I take geography because I really like it and I am sure this major will help me become a useful person.How to．．．如何办题型套路：Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem，but the following ones may be most effective. First of all，．．．Besides, ／Another way to solve the problem of ．．．is．．．Finally，．．．These are not the best and the only two／three measures we can take．But it should be noted that we should take strong actions to．．．【范文】How to Solve the Problem of Heavy TrafficWith the booming of the motor industry，there are an increasing number of vehicle on the roads．As a result，traffic jams often occur．Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem，but the following ones may be most effective．First of all，roads should be broadened to lower the degree of congestion and to speed up the flow of heavy traffic．Another way to solve the problem of heavy traffic is to open up more bus routes to reduce bikes and automobiles．Finally，more underground passages should be developed so that people can commute by metro．These are not the best and the only two／three measures we can take．But it should be noted that the government takes some strong actions to alleviate the traffic problem，all of us can enjoy more free flowing traffic．A or B题型套路：When we．．．／you，we．．．／you will be faced with the choice between A and B．Before making the right choice，we／you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them．First of all，A．．．Also，B．．．Second，A．．．Likewise ，B．．．Despite their similarities，A and B are also different in the following aspects．First，A．．．However，B．．．Besides，A．．．On the contrary，B．．．Therefore，it depends which．．．we／you should choose，If we／you．．．，we／you should choose A；but if we／you．．．，we／you should turn to B．【范文】Traveling by Train or by PlaneWhen we go on a business trip，we will be faced with the choice between traveling by train or by plane．Before making the right choice，we had better make a close comparison and contrast of them．First of all，a train will take us to our target railway station．Also，a plane will take us to the target airport．Second，in a train we can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the countryside．Likewise，in a plane we can command a good view of fields，buildings，mountains and even clouds below．Despite their similarities，traveling by train or by plane are also different in the following aspects．First，a train ticket is less expensive．Most of us can afford it．However，a plane ticket is about twice as expensive as a train ticket．Most of us grudge paying for it．Besides，it is safer to travel by train．If the train gets into trouble，we may survive by jumping out of it．On the contrary，if we travel by plane，we have to ask God to bless us．Finally，it takes us longer time to travel by train than by plane．Therefore，it depends which transportation tool we should choose．If we just want to save money，we will travel by train；but if we want to save time，we should turn to the plane．专4与专8、考研作文常用写作模板通练参考英语作文写作一直是我们中国学生的薄弱方面，我们许多学生在各种考试中由于写作成绩偏低，往往与自己的理想失之交臂，错过继续深造学习乃至出国学习的机会，甚至影响到自己的前途发展。
2016年专八英语改错练习题及答案
2016年专⼋英语改错练习题及答案 Halloween’s origins dated back to the ancient Celtic _1_ Festival of Samhain (pronouncing sow-in).The Celts, who _2_ Lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, United _3_ Kingdom, and northern France, celebrated its new year on November 1.This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark, cold winter, a time of year that was often associated with human death.Celts believed that at the night before the new year, the boundary _4_ between the worlds of the live and the dead became blurred._5_ On the night of October 31, they celebrated Samhain, it was _6_ Believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth.In addition to causing trouble and damaging crops, Celts thought that the presence of the otherworldly spirits made easier for _7_ The Druids, or Celtic priests, to make predictions about the future.For a people entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important source of comfort and direction during the long, dark winter. To commemorate the event, Druids built huge sacred bonfires, which the people gathered to burn crops and animals_8_ As sacrifices to the Celtic deities.During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and skins, and attempted to assume each other’s fortunes.When the _9_ Celebration was over, they lit their hearth fires, which they had _10_ extinguished earlier that evening, from the sacred bonfire to help protect them during the coming winter. 参考答案： 1.dated-date 2.pronouncing-pronounced 3.United前加the 4.at-on 5.live-living 6.it was前加when 7.made+it 8.which-where 9.assumed-tell 10.lit-rellit。
2016专八真题答案解析 2013年专八试卷真题、详细解析
2016专八真题答案解析2013年专八试卷真题、详细解析导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“2013年专八试卷真题、详细解析”的资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!check some specs online, the salesman offered a pre-emp- tive discount,lest the surfing turn up the same model cheaper in another store. Thatnight, for the first time, I saw the Hyundai ad promising shoppers thatif they buy a car and then lose their job in the next year, they canreturn it.Suddenly everything's on sale. The upside to the economic downturn isthe immense incentive it gives retailers to treat you like a queen for aday. During the flush times, salespeople were surly, waiters snobby. Butnow the customer rules, just for showing up. There's more room tostretch out on the flight, even in a coach. The malls have that sereneaura of undisturbed wilderness, with scarcely a shopper in sight. Everyconversation with anyone selling anything is a pantomime ofpain andbluff. Finger the scarf, then start to walk away, and its price floatssilkily downward. When the mechanic calls to tell you that brakes and atiming belt and other services will run close to $2,000,it's time tobreak out the newly perfected art of the considered pause. You reallydon't even have to say anything pitiful before he'll offer to knock afew hundred dollars off.Restaurants are also caught in a fit of ardent hospitality, especiallyaround Wail Street: Trinity Place offers $3 drinks at happy hour any daythe market goes down, with the slogan "Market tanked? Get tanked! " -which ensures a lively crowd for the closing bell. The "21" Club hasdecided that men no longer need to wear ties, so long as they bringtheir wallets. Food itself is friendlier: you notice more comfort food,a truce between chef and patron that is easier to enjoy now that you canget a table practically anywhere. New York Times restaurant critic FrankBruni characterizes the new restaurant demeanor as"extremesolicitousness tinged with outright desperation." "You need to hug thecustomer," one owner told him.There's a chance that eventually we'll return all this kindness withthe extravagant spending that was once decried but now everyone ishoping will restart the economy. But human nature is funny that way. Indangerous times, we clench and squint at the deal that looks too good tomiss, suspecting that it must be too good to be true. Is the store withthe super cheap flat screens going to go bust and thus not be there tohour the "free" extended warranty? Is there something wrong with thatfree cheese? Store owners will tell you horror stories about shopperswith attitude, who walk in demanding discounts and flaunt their newpower at every turn. These store owners wince as they sense bad habitsforming: Will people expect dis- counts forever? Will their hard-wonbrand luster be forever cheapened, especially for items whose alluredepends on their being ridiculously priced?There will surely come a day when things go back to "normal"; retailsales even inched up in January after sinking for the previous sixmonths. But I wonder what it will take for us to see those $545 SigersonMorrison studded toe-ring sandals as reasonable? Bargain-hunting can beaddictive regardless of the state of the markets, and haggling is a low-risk, high-value contact sport. Trauma digs deep into habit, like my 85-year-old mother still calling her canned-goods cabinet "the bombshelter." The children of the First Depression were saving string andpreaching sacrifice long after the skies cleared. They came to be calledthe "greatest generation." As we learn to be decent stewards of ourresources, who knows what might come of it? We have lived in an age ofwanton waste, and there is value in practicing conservation that goesfar beyond our own bottom line.26、According to the passage, what does "the first clue" suggest?A. Women tend to have their hair cut less frequently.B. Shops, large or small, are offering big discounts.C. Shops try all kinds of means to please customers.D. Customers refrain from buying things impulsively.27、Which of the following best depicts the retailers now?A. Over-friendlyB. Bad-tempered.C.Highly motivatedD.Deeply frustrated.28、What does the author mean by "the newly perfected art of theconsidered pause"?A. Customers now rush to buy things on sale.B. Customers have learned how to bargain.C. Customers have higher demands for service.D. Customers have got a sense of superiority.29、According to the passage, "shoppers... flaunt their new power atevery turn" means that shoppers wouldA. like to show that they are powerful.B. keep asking for more discounts.C. like to show off their wealth.D. have more doubts or suspicion.30、What is the author's main message in the last two paragraphs?。
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Do It, but with Love and Sincerity
The year 2014 witnessed the birth and boom of an activity online and offline both at home and abroad: the ice bucket challenge. Originally designed to attract public attention to the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the practice has aroused a heated debate during its development. There exist opposing views on this matter. Proponents, represented by the ALS Association, claim that it is beneficial and praiseworthy, for it substantially increased donations for sufferers of the disease. Opponents, however, argue that it wastes water, does harm to one’s body and risks becoming a form of entertainment or commercial advertisement.
Personally, I deem that both sides have an element of truth in their arguments and the issue should not be addressed in a simple and crude way.
On the one hand, no one can deny the fact that the practice has benefited patients of ALS. Many people have not only donated money but also begun to learn about the disease and pay more attention to it.
On the other hand, however, the activity does seem to have deviated from its original purpose. As we have heeded, quite a number of the attendants got involved to attract eyeballs to themselves, rather than the disease. Most remain ignorant about the disease though bombarded by pictures of celebrities soaked in iced water that went viral online.
In the final analysis, I should say that the activity is a two-edged sword. But we should not give up eating for fear of being
choked. The best policy, as I see it, is to take measures to avoid the harm done by it. For instance, a campaign should be launched at the same time to provide people with more knowledge about the disease, and encourage them to help those in need with love and integrity. Besides, the activity can well take a different form in drought-stricken regions.。