英文注释及参考文献

英文注释及参考文献
英文注释及参考文献

本论文注释及参考文献系参考芝加哥大学论文格式要求。鉴于我校具体情况,为了避免学生混淆,只采取以下一种样式。

报纸文章

如果在论文中出现中文引语内容,应该比照英文引语的方式进行。其参考文献应另列在英文的参考文献之后,不要编号。

单一作者的书

电子版期刊文章

报纸文章

网址

论文摘要

摘要是论文内容的简介,其要素有4个(目的、方法、结果和结论),必要时也可有其他重要的信息。

要以提供论文内容梗概为目的,在编写时四要素中的方法、结果和结论宜详细,重点是结论,目的可简单。要在有限的字数内(100-150字左右)提供尽可能多的信息。

编写摘要的注意事项:

1) 要反映论文的新内容和特别强调的观点;

2) 不应对论文内容作解释和评论,尤其不应作自我评价;

3) 不要用第一人称,而应采用第三人称;

4) 不得简单地重复题名中已有的信息;

5) 一般不用引文(除非论文证实或否定了他人已出版的著作);

6) 一般不分段落;

7) 缩略语、略称、代号等,除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外,首次出现处必须加以说明。

英文参考文献标准格式

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[J/OL] --网上期刊(serial online) [EB/OL] --网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 很显然,标识的就是该资源的英文缩写,/前面表示类型,/后面表示资源的载体,如OL表示在线资源 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号)起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 周融,任志国,杨尚雷,厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报,2003(6):107-109. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67. 2.专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码. 【举例】 [4] 刘国钧,王连成.图书馆史研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1979:15-18,31. [5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45. 3.报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次). 【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27(3).

中英文论文参考文献标准格式 超详细

超详细中英文论文参考文献标准格式 1、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。 (参考文献是期刊时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。参考文献是图书时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。) 2、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导,以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下: [M]--专著,著作 [C]--论文集(一般指会议发表的论文续集,及一些专题论文集,如《***大学研究生学术论文集》[N]-- 报纸文章 [J]--期刊文章:发表在期刊上的论文,尽管有时我们看到的是从网上下载的(如知网),但它也是发表在期刊上的,你看到的电子期刊仅是其电子版 [D]--学位论文:不区分硕士还是博士论文 [R]--报告:一般在标题中会有"关于****的报告"字样 [S]-- 标准 [P]--专利 [A]--文章:很少用,主要是不属于以上类型的文章 [Z]--对于不属于上述的文献类型,可用字母"Z"标识,但这种情况非常少见 常用的电子文献及载体类型标识: [DB/OL] --联机网上数据(database online) [DB/MT] --磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) [M/CD] --光盘图书(monograph on CDROM) [CP/DK] --磁盘软件(computer program on disk) [J/OL] --网上期刊(serial online) [EB/OL] --网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 很显然,标识的就是该资源的英文缩写,/前面表示类型,/后面表示资源的载体,如OL表示在线资源 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号)起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 周融,任志国,杨尚雷,厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报,2003(6):107-109. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67. 2.专著类

关于力的外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

五、外文资料翻译 Stress and Strain 1.Introduction to Mechanics of Materials Mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading. It is a field of study that i s known by a variety of names, including “strength of materials” and “mechanics of deformable bodies”. The solid bodies considered in this book include axially-loaded bars, shafts, beams, and columns, as well as structures that are assemblies of these components. Usually the objective of our analysis will be the determination of the stresses, strains, and deformations produced by the loads; if these quantities can be found for all values of load up to the failure load, then we will have obtained a complete picture of the mechanics behavior of the body. Theoretical analyses and experimental results have equally important roles in the study of mechanics of materials . On many occasion we will make logical derivations to obtain formulas and equations for predicting mechanics behavior, but at the same time we must recognize that these formulas cannot be used in a realistic way unless certain properties of the been made in the laboratory. Also , many problems of importance in engineering cannot be handled efficiently by theoretical means, and experimental measurements become a practical necessity. The historical development of mechanics of materials is a fascinating blend of both theory and experiment, with experiments pointing the way to useful results in some instances and with theory doing so in others①. Such famous men as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) made experiments to adequate to determine the strength of wires , bars , and beams , although they did not develop any adequate theo ries (by today’s standards ) to explain their test results . By contrast , the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler(1707-1783) developed the mathematical theory any of columns and calculated the critical load of a column in 1744 , long before any experimental evidence existed to show the significance of his results ②. Thus , Euler’s theoretical results remained unused for many years, although today they form the basis of column theory. The importance of combining theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident as we proceed with

中英文参考文献格式

中文参考文献格式 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识: M——专著,C——论文集,N——报纸文章,J——期刊文章,D——学位论文,R——报告,S——标准,P——专利;对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。其格式为: (一)专著 示例 [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1989. [2] 马克思恩格斯全集:第1卷[M]. 北京:人民出版社,1956. [3] [英]蔼理士.性心理学[M]. 潘光旦译注.北京:商务印书馆,1997. (二)论文集 示例 [1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979. [2] 别林斯基.论俄国中篇小说和果戈里君的中篇小说[A]. 伍蠡甫.西方文论选:下册[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979. 凡引专著的页码,加圆括号置于文中序号之后。 (三)报纸文章 示例 [1] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27,(3) (四)期刊文章 示例 [1] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),1995(3). (五)学位论文 示例 [1] 刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D]. 北京:北京师范大学心理系,1998. (六)报告 示例 [1] 白秀水,刘敢,任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安:陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心,1998. (七)、对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明性的注释,置于本页地脚,前面用圈码标识。 参考文献的类型 根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定,以单字母标识: M——专著(含古籍中的史、志论著) C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——研究报告 S——标准 P——专利 A——专著、论文集中的析出文献 Z——其他未说明的文献类型 电子文献类型以双字母作为标识: DB——数据库 CP——计算机程序 EB——电子公告

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of

10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译

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最详细的论文参考文献规范格式说明

论文参考文献规范格式详解 一、文献格式的快速引用 (一)参考文献的类型 参考文献的类型(即引文出处)以单字母方式标识在文献名后并以方括号括起,具体类型标识如下: M ——专著、普通图书 C ——论文集 N ——报纸文章 J ——期刊文章 D ——学位论文 R ——研究报告 S ——标准 P ——专利 对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 (二)参考文献的格式及实例 1、专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1989. [2] 马克思恩格斯全集:第1卷[M]. 北京:人民出版社,1956. [3] [英]蔼理士.性心理学[M]. 潘光旦译注.北京:商务印书馆,1997. [4] 葛家澍,林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2001:42. [5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45. 2、论文集 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码. 【举例】 [1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17. [2] Spivak,G. Victory in Limbo[C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313. [3] Almarza, G.G. Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78. 3、报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次). 【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27(3). [7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33). 4、期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究,2004,21(1):56-58. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),1995(3). [4] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62–67.

英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式

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英文论文及中文翻译

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