(完整版)特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构
疑问词加动词不定式
一、"疑问词+不定式"的构成：由疑问代词who, whom, what, which; 疑问副词when, how, where 等+不定式构成。
Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 选择吃什么,已经不像以前那么简单了。
How to describe people is today's topic. 如何描述人物是今天的话题。
二、"疑问词+不定式"的功能：在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
1.作主语How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn. 我正在努力学习如何用英语提建议。
2.作宾语①作动词的宾语We have to start somewhere if we want to learn how to write plays. 我们要学习写剧本，总得有个开头。
②作介词的宾语We had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat. 我们最好能学会正确选择吃什么、怎么吃。
When you are trying to advise someone about what to do or what not to do, you can use should / ought to or should not /ought not to. 当你想要建议某人做什么或者不做什么时，你可以用should / ought to 或者 should not / ought not to。
3.作表语My question is where to find the answer. 我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。
三、"疑问词+不定式"的使用方法。
特殊疑问词+to do
1. 我们可以用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构做动词的宾语。
疑问词包括疑问代词 what 、which 、who 和疑问副词how 、when 、where 等。
但所有疑问词中，只有why 不可以和动词不定式连用。
2. 常和“疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用的动词及短语有：know 、learn 、see 、hear 、ask 、tell 、advise 、decide 、explain 、find out.另外，“疑问词+动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是 sure 、clear 等的形容词 翻译：(1)我不知道该做什么。
I don’t know what to do.(2)你怎么知道在那里可以找到我？How did you know where to find me ?(3)我不确定下面该做什么。
I am not sure what to do next.3.注意：（1）有些动词，如advise, ask, show, teach, tell 等，其后可以接双宾语。
（2）有些疑问词，如what, which, whose, how many, how much 等，其后先接一个名词再接动词不定式。
（3）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句子中可以做主语和表语。
（4）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。
练习：（1）Sandy 问我怎样去那。
Sandy asks me how to go there.（2）他不知道该带多少钱。
He doesn’t know how much money to take.（3）何时开始是一个问题。
When to start is a question.（4）我的问题是在哪里可以找到答案。
My question is where to find the answer.一、单项选择（）1. —I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you ?—I haven’t decided where ______.A. goB. wentC. goingD. to go（）2. I haven’t decided when _____a holiday yet.A. tookB. takingC. to takeD. take（）3.—Can I help you ,dear?—Yeah, I do not know_____ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can help me.A. what to doB. when to makeC. how to makeD. why to do二、句型转换(同义句转换）1. He showed me how I can start the online tour.She showed me the online tour.2. I don’t know what he said.I don’t know _______ ______ _______.3. Tom forgot when he met his friendsTom forgot _____ ______ ______his friends.4. Sandy is wondering where she asks for help.Sandy is wondering _______ ________ ________ for help.5. Amy does not know how she writes the report.Amy does not know _____ _______ _______ the report。
特殊疑问词todo图文稿
特殊疑问词t o d o集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-1. 我们可以用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构做动词的宾语。
疑问词包括疑问代词 what 、which、who和疑问副词how 、when、where 等。
但所有疑问词中，只有why不可以和动词不定式连用。
2. 常和“疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用的动词及短语有：know、learn、see、hear、ask、tell、advise、decide、explain、find out.另外，“疑问词+动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是 sure 、clear 等的形容词翻译：(1)我不知道该做什么。
I don’t know what to do.(2)你怎么知道在那里可以找到我How did you know where to find me(3)我不确定下面该做什么。
I am not sure what to do next.3.注意：（1）有些动词，如advise, ask, show, teach, tell等，其后可以接双宾语。
（2）有些疑问词，如what, which, whose, how many, how much等，其后先接一个名词再接动词不定式。
（3）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句子中可以做主语和表语。
（4）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。
练习：（1）Sandy 问我怎样去那。
Sandy asks me how to go there.（2）他不知道该带多少钱。
He doesn’t know how much money to take.（3）何时开始是一个问题。
When to start is a question.（4）我的问题是在哪里可以找到答案。
My question is where to find the answer.一、单项选择（）1. —I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you—I haven’t decided where ______.A. goB. wentC. goingD. to go（）2. I haven’t decided when _____a holiday yet.A. tookB. takingC. to takeD. take（）3.—Can I help you ,dear?—Yeah, I do not know_____ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can help me.A. what to doB. when to makeC. how to makeD. why to do二、句型转换(同义句转换）1. He showed me how I can start the online tour.She showed me the online tour.2. I don’t know what he said.I don’t know _______ ______ _______.3. Tom forgot when he met his friendsTom forgot _____ ______ ______his friends.4. Sandy is wondering where she asks for help.Sandy is wondering _______ ________ ________ for help.5. Amy does not know how she writes the report.Amy does not know _____ _______ _______ the report。
2021年特殊疑问词动词不定式的用法归纳
“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”用法归纳一．由两某些构成：疑问词和动词不定式（wh-+to do）。
疑问词某些涉及疑问代词who，whom，what，which和whose以及疑问副词when，where和how。
此外，连接词“whether”也合用.它重要具备如下几种功能：⑴当主语，如：● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.● Where to live is a problem.⑵当宾语，常接在forget，find out，discuss，decide，tell，teach，know，learn，wonder，remember等动词之后作宾语如：● We must know what to say at a meeting.● He could not tell whom to trust.● Do you know how to play bridge?⑶当表语，如：● The problem is where to find the financial aid.● The question is who to elect.⑷当名词同位语，如：● Tom had no idea which book to read first.● The question whether to confess troubled the girl.⑸用于宾语补足语,双重宾语。
某些动词后可接“sb.+ 疑问词+ 不定式”构成双重宾语，此类动词惯用有advise，ask，show，teach，tell等如：● I can tell you where to get this book.● I ask her how to learn English.● He will advise you what to do.● Will you show me how to use the machine?(6) 作介词宾语：某些介词背面可接"疑问词＋不定式"作宾语，此类介词惯用有about，as，from，in，of，on，with等。
【资格考试】2019最新整理--(备考辅导)英语讲义【42】“疑问词+不定式动词”结构
——教学资料参考参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理--(备考辅导)英语讲义【42】“疑问词+不定式动词”结构______年______月______日____________________部门英语有个很有用的结构，就是：疑问词+不定式动词（question word + to-infinitive）。
疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why ”。
此外，连接词“whether”也适用。
“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢？其主要功用有下列五种：⑴当主语，如：● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.● Where to live is a problem.● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.⑵当宾语，如：● We must know what to say at a meeting.● He could not tell whom to trust.● Do you know how to play bridge?⑶当补足语，如：● The problem is where to find the financial aid.● The question is who to elect.⑷当名词同位语，如：● Tom had no idea which book to read first.● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?⑸当宾语补足语，如：● Jim is not sure whose to choose.● Mary and John are not certain whether to get marriedor not.适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。
(完整版)动词不定式用法
动词不定式用法不定式是动词的一种非限定式，它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。
一、动词不定式的基本结构动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可不带to。
不定式的否定形式是：not to+动词原形。
在句中除不能作谓语外，其他成分都可作。
如：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
注意：不定式之前的to（又称为小品词）与介词to的功能不同。
介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格，或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语；而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。
speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语二、动词不定式的用法不定式在句中有各种作用，一般可归类为三种基本用法：作名词，作形容词，作副词。
(一) 不定式作名词的用法不定式起名词作用，在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。
⒈作主语名词用法的不定式和名词一样，可担任句子的主语。
To grow more trees here is very important.(=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。
To hear your voice is so nice.(=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。
To speak English well is not easy for me.(=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。
To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.(=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。
的句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式；使用这种注意：在It is… to…”结构，可以避免句子的头重脚轻。
动词不定式的三种结构
动词不定式的三种结构动词不定式是英语中一种常见的语法结构，它有三种不同的结构形式：基本结构、复合结构和带有疑问词的结构。
首先，我们来看基本结构。
基本结构由动词不定式的原形直接构成，通常位于句子的主语后面或者作为宾语补语。
例如，"I want to learn English"（我想学英语）和"She needs to buy groceries"（她需要买些杂货）中的不定式短语只包含动词的原形。
其次，是复合结构。
复合结构由情态动词（如can、should、must等）或助动词（如do、did等）加上动词原形构成。
它们一起构成了动词的完成时态、进行时态、被动语态等。
例如，"He can swim"（他会游泳）和"They are studying for exams"（他们正在备考）中的不定式短语被加入了情态动词和助动词，形成了复合结构。
最后，是带有疑问词的结构。
在疑问句中，动词不定式常常与疑问词（如what、how等）一起使用，用来提问人们的目的、动机或意图。
例如，"Why did you come here?"（你为什么来这里？）和"What do you want to achieve?"（你想要达到什么目标？）中的不定式短语与疑问词搭配，起到了提问的作用。
总结来说，动词不定式有三种不同的结构形式：基本结构、复合结构和带有疑问词的结构。
这些结构在句子中扮演着不同的语法角色，帮助我们表达出动作的目的、状态和动机。
在写作中，熟练运用这些结构将使句子更加丰富多样，表达得更加准确清晰。
特殊疑问词+to-do上课讲义
特殊疑问词+t o-d o1. 我们可以用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构做动词的宾语。
疑问词包括疑问代词 what 、which 、who 和疑问副词how 、when 、where 等。
但所有疑问词中，只有why 不可以和动词不定式连用。
2. 常和“疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用的动词及短语有：know 、learn 、see 、hear 、ask 、tell 、advise 、decide 、explain 、find out.另外，“疑问词+动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是 sure 、clear 等的形容词 翻译：(1)我不知道该做什么。
I don’t know what to do.(2)你怎么知道在那里可以找到我？How did you know where to find me ?(3)我不确定下面该做什么。
I am not sure what to do next.3.注意：（1）有些动词，如advise, ask, show, teach, tell 等，其后可以接双宾语。
（2）有些疑问词，如what, which, whose, how many, how much 等，其后先接一个名词再接动词不定式。
（3）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句子中可以做主语和表语。
（4）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。
练习：（1）Sandy 问我怎样去那。
Sandy asks me how to go there.（2）他不知道该带多少钱。
He doesn’t know how much money to take.（3）何时开始是一个问题。
When to start is a question.（4）我的问题是在哪里可以找到答案。
My question is where to find the answer.一、单项选择（）1. —I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you ?—I haven’t decided where ______.A. goB. wentC. goingD. to go（）2. I haven’t decided when _____a holiday yet.A. tookB. takingC. to takeD. take（）3.—Can I help you ,dear?—Yeah, I do not know_____ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can help me.A. what to doB. when to makeC. how to makeD. why to do二、句型转换(同义句转换）1. He showed me how I can start the online tour.She showed me the online tour.2. I don’t know what he said.I don’t know _______ ______ _______.3. Tom forgot when he met his friendsTom forgot _____ ______ ______his friends.4. Sandy is wondering where she asks for help.Sandy is wondering _______ ________ ________ for help.5. Amy does not know how she writes the report.Amy does not know _____ _______ _______ the report。
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“特殊疑问词＋不定式”的用法“疑问词+不定式”结构（question word + to-infinitive）4）疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式，以及连接副词whether与不定式连用构成不定式短语（在作用上相当于一个名词性从句，名词成分）。
这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、复合宾语的直接宾语、状语、同位语等句子成分。
注意：疑问副词why 后不能跟动词不定式一、“疑问词+不定式动词”结构的几种功用：1）作主语Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。
（作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式）When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 选择吃什么，已经不像以前那么...When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。
What to read is an important question. 该读些什么是一个很重要的问题。
How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何开始比到哪里停止还困难。
2）作宾语（作用相当于名词性从句）A. 用作动词宾语He asked how to open the box. 他询问如何打开盒子。
She couldn’t think what to say. 她想不出说什么。
He could not tell whom to trust.Our teacher explained how to use the word processor. 老师向我们说明如何使用文字处理机。
I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。
（作动词know的宾语）B. 作于间接宾语后作直接宾语I’ll show you how to do it. 我将给你讲这怎么做。
She kindly advised me what to do. 她好心的劝告我该做什么。
My sister taught me how to fold paper into a crane. 我姐姐教我如何折纸鹤。
C. 用作介词宾语I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。
Bill said something to her about what to do. 比尔给她讲了讲应当怎样做。
I found a book on how to avoid having a heart attack. 我找到一本书谈如何避免心脏病复发。
We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. ....为谁服务的问题。
（作介词of的宾语）3）作表语The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。
（作表语）The problem is where to find the financial aid.The question is what to do next. 问题是下一步怎么办。
The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
5）作复合宾语的直接宾语I can tell you where to get this book.He will advise you what to do.Will you show me how to use the machine?I asked her how to learn English. 我问她如何学英语。
（宾语补足语）5）作状语She was at a loss what to do. 她不知如何是好。
（做状语）6）作同位语The question whether to confess troubled the girl.是否要坦白的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
（做同位语）I have no idea which one to take. 我不知道拿哪个好。
（同位语）Tom had no idea which book to read first.二、“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构经常用在某些动词后作宾语，类似的动词有：tell, show, know, learn, teach, find out, forget, wonder, imagine, learn, decide, consider, understand, remember, think等。
Eg: I’ll show you how to do it. 我要让你看看如何做这件事。
You’d better find out where to put it. 你最好弄清楚要把它放在哪里。
注：（作介词宾语）某些介词后面可接"疑问词＋不定式"作宾语，这类介词常用的有about, as, from, in, of, on, with等He has no idea of how to answer this question. 他不知道怎样回答这个问题。
Della had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.德拉仅有$1.87为来吉姆买一件礼物。
(which是关系代词)You have a number of topics from which to choose. 你有很多题目可以选择。
(which是关系代词)（作复合宾语）某些动词后面可以先有个宾语，然后才接适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构（即：sb.+ 疑问词+ 不定式）。
这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell, inform等，先加上一个间接宾语，之后再加上“疑问词+不定式”结构作直接宾语。
Eg: The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.Have you told him where to get the application form?He will advise you what to do. 他会建议你们做什么Will you show me how to use this machine? 你能示范教我如何使用这部机器吗？When you are trying to advise someone about what to do or what not to do, you can use should / ought to or should not /ought not to.当你想要建议某人做什么或者不做什么时，你可以用should / ought to 或者should not / ought not to 作双重宾语（宾语补足语）：某些动词后面可接"sb.＋疑问词＋不定式"构成的双重宾语，这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等。
Eg: He will advise you what to do. 他会建议你们做什么Will you show me how to use this machine? 你能示范教我如何使用这部机器吗？三、“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构可以把复合句转为简单句。
Eg: I don’t know what I’ll do next. = I d on’t know what to do next.Eg: The doctor told him when he should take the medicine.= The doctor told him when to take the medicine.因为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构相当于一个名词性从句，所以可用同等成分的从句代替，从而把简单句转换为复合句。
改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当的形式的谓语即可。
Eg: Li Ping doesn’t know why to learn English.= Li Ping doesn’t know why he should learn English.Eg: Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.Eg: The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go.四、“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构可构成独立问句。
What to do? 怎么办？How to get rid of the trouble? 如何摆脱困境？该结构的注意点：易错一：按照英语语法的习惯，疑问副词why后不直接跟动词不定式。
误：I don't know why to choose that dictionary. （X）正：I don’t know why you must choose that dictionary.但可以接不带to的动词不定式（即动词原形），构成Why do sth.?/Why not do sth? 结构。
肯定形式表示某动作是不必要的或没有意义的，而否定形式则用于向某人提建议和表达看法，相当于祈使句。
Eg: Today is Sunday. Why not go out to relax yourself? 今天是周日，干嘛不出去轻松一下呢？Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value.为什么花更多的钱到其他商店去买？我们这里物美价廉。
需要注意的是：why not这个结构的否定式通常只用于谈论现在和将来，而不用于谈论过去。
误：Why not clean the room yesterday? （X）正：Why didn’t you clean the room yesterday?Why not do sth? = why don't you do sth?易错二：“疑问词+不定式”结构，通常不用于动词think的现在式和过去式之后，但可以用于think的其他形式之后（如现在进行式）Eg: I’m thinking what to do next. 我在想接下来要做什么。