人教社高中英语必修 4 unit 1语法精讲精练-----主谓一致

语法精练---主谓一致必修 4 unit 1

Subject-Verb agreement (主谓一致)

【命题趋向】高考考察一些特殊名词在主谓一致情况下的形式，如改错,单选等题目。

【基础知识】

一、主谓一致的三个原则

所谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称数、性等方面的协调关系。主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致有三种基本原则：语法一致；意义一致；就近一致。

1)语法一致：指句中的动词要和它的主语在语法形式上保持一致。其最基本的规则是：单数主语需要用单数动词复数主语需要用复数动词。如：

No further explanation has been given by them so far 。

到目前为止，他们还没有作出进一步的解释。

2)意义一致：从意义上看眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志。如：主语的语法形式为单数，但表示单数意义，谓语动词往往用单数。如：

Bread and butter is what little John enjoys. 小约翰喜欢吃涂有黄油的面包。

(主语加虽有and ，但应作为一个整体看待，即“涂了黄油的面包”。)

3)就近一致：即谓语动词的人称和数往往与最近的主语保持一致。如：-

Not only the students but also teachers should make full use of their time to improve

themselves.

不仅学生而且老师也要充分利用时间提高自己。

二、主谓一致用法应用时注意的问题：

1)当主语为表示“距离”，“时间”,“长度”，“价值”，“金额”，“重量”，“容量”等复数名词时，可以将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

Six months is too short a time to learn a language .

六个月时间太短，不能学会一门语言。

Twenty dollars is what he needs. 20美元是他所需要的。

2)主语后跟with (together with ), as well as ,like ,but ,besides, except, rather than ，along with , no less than, more than, as much as, besides, including, in addition 等引导的词组时，谓语动词的数随主语而定。

Tom ,together with his friends, is going to the park. 汤姆和朋友要去公园。

No one except (but)you knows about the matter. 除了你没人知道这件事。

3)当主语是each , every one of … ,everyone, someone, something ,anyone , anyt hing , none, nothing ,another, neither, little, a little ,much 等，谓语动词用单数。

Nothing is difficult if you put your heart to it .世上无难事，只怕有心人。

Much of what you have said has nothing to do with the topic.

你所说的大多与题目无关。

4)单数名词作主语，若前面被many a ,more than one 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：

Many a pupil is busy preparing their lessons. 许多学生在准备他们的功课。

More than one book has been published on the local economy。

有关本地经济的许多书籍已经出版。

5)当中心词是all, some , any , enough, most , half , the rest , the great part of 等时，其主谓一致一般遵循意义一致原则：如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义支，动词则用单数。

Most of the buildings were damaged in the tsunami.

大部分建筑物在海啸中遭到损坏。

Half of the apple has gone bad. 这只苹果的一半坏了。

6)由并列连词either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also …,not…but …等连接两个主语时，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。

Either you or I am going to be sent there.. 你和我都要被派往那儿去。

Not the teacher but his two classmates have helped to settle it .

是两个学生帮肋解决的。不是老师。

7) a number of 与the number of

a number of 表示“许多”，修饰可数名词，谓语动词用复数，可以用great, large 等修饰；the number of 意为“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。如：

A great number of students have passed their final examinations.

许多大学生已通过了最后的考试。

The number of students who have passed the examinations is increasing .

通过考试的学生数量在增加。

8)下列短语与单数名词连用时，谓语动词用单数。A great deal of ,a lot of ,lots of , plenty of ,a quantity of ,quantities of ,a large amount of 等。

A large amount of money is spent on food every year.

每年有大量的资金都用在食物上。

9)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语，若名词前有every, each, no, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

Every boy and every girl of the school takes an active part in physical training.

学校的一位男女生都积极参加健身。

No teacher and no student is admitted to the information center except on weekdays .

只有在周末老师和学生才充许到信息中心。

10)单复数相同的名词，如sheep , fish , deer ,swine , means 等作主语时，谓语动词的数必须根据具体意义而定。

The sheep is drinking there .那只绵羊正在那儿饮水。

The sheep are very fat .这些绵羊很肥。

11）单个的动名词，不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。

12)集合名family, class, crew, crowd, group, committee, audience等作主语时, 如果指整体而言,谓语用单数;如果指个体而言则用复数。people, police, cattle 等作主语时,谓语用复数。

13)某些以s结尾的名词,physics, maths, news, the United States作主语时,谓语用单数。

14) “the+adj”结构中, the rich, the blind, the dead, the deaf 等作主语时,谓语用复数而表示抽象概念或个别事物时,the unknown(未知的事物), the unexpected(出乎意料的事情) ,谓语用单数。

15)kind’ type/ form of+ n 作主语时,谓语根据kind/ type/ form的形式而定; half/ the rest /the majority of+n/n.s作主语时,谓语根据名词的数而定; the majority 作主语,谓语可单数也可是复数。

16) there be 结构中,谓语根据最近的名词的数而定。

【考题例解】

1.One third of the country ______ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______black people. （湖南卷）

A is ; are

B is ; is

C are ; are

D are ; is