in contrast on the contrary的区别
高考英语作文万能句型之表示解释类讲义
1. This is because... （这是因为...）例句: I couldn't attend the meeting yesterday. This is because I had to take care of my sick child. （我昨天无法参加会议，因为我要照顾生病的孩子。
）2. In other words... （换句话说...）例句: He's always talking about his problems. In other words, he's a complainer. （他总是抱怨自己的问题，换句话说，他是一个爱抱怨的人。
）3. To put it simply... （简单来说...）例句: To put it simply, she's not happy with her job. （简单来说，她对自己的工作不满意。
）4. That is to say... （也就是说...）例句: The company is losing money, that is to say, it's not profitable. （公司亏损了，也就是说，它没有盈利。
）5. As a result... （因此...）例句: She didn't study for the exam, as a result, she failed. （她没有为考试学习，因此，她失败了。
）6. Due to... （由于...）例句: Due to the bad weather, the game was canceled. （由于天气不好，比赛被取消了。
）7. Owing to... （由于...）例句: Owing to his illness, he couldn't attend the meeting. （由于他的病情，他无法参加会议。
完形填空逻辑关系整理
完形填空逻辑关系整理一、逻辑关系题1.对立关系【前后内容的含义相互对立】●表示对立关系的标志词汇：while，whereas，unlike，contrary to，in contrast (to)，rather than，on the contrary，by contrast， of，not...but...，against，ignore，conversely，opposite等2.转折关系【对立关系的一种】●与对立关系的区别：对立关系的两方完全相反，转折关系只要前后意思不一致即可●表示转折关系的标志词汇：but，however，yet，nevertheless，while，otherwise等●说明：由于转折关系以及让步关系都可以属于对立关系，所以表示这三种关系的部分标志词汇有时可以通用3.让步关系【对立关系的一种；让步即为退一步说，即使条件变了也不影响结果】●比转折关系的程度要浅一些●表示让步关系的标志词汇：although，though，while，even，even though，evenif，in spite of，anyway，despite，regardless of等4.一致性关系【前后内容表意一致，如并列关系】●并列关系●与对立、转折、让步关系相反，只要文章前后句语义一致，便是并列关系。
或者，只要看到表示并列关系的标志词汇，就可以判断出文章前后句的语义一致●表示并列关系的标志词汇：also，besides，along with，indeed，and，likewise，or，not only...but also...，(n)either...(n)or...，that is to say，similarly，in the same way，the same as，as well as，like，meanwhile等●其他一致性关系【没有表示并列关系的词汇，也没有表示对立、转折、让步等关系的标志词汇时，基本可以判定上下文之间存在一致性】●上下文语义一致【没有对立、转折、让步等逻辑关系时，可以默认上下文之间为并列或顺承关系，即上下文语义一致】●前后词类一致【在某一特定场景下用到同一类词】●感情色彩一致●同义复现【上下文中出现过与空格里所需选择的词相一致的词语或者与空格所在句子相一致的句型】5.递进关系【并列关系的一种，程度更深】●表示递进关系的标志词汇：indeed，above all，furthermore，what's more，moreover，still（与比较级连用时），instead，even，in particular等6.因果关系【包括因和果两个部分】●表原因：because，in that，now that，since，as，for，after all，as a result of，considering that，seeing that等●表结果：so(...) that(...)，such that，as a result，lead to，consequently，therefore，hence，thus，so等7.总分关系/举例关系#非常重要●前后讲的是同一件事情，前面总述（通常有复数名词），后面分述（通常有单数名词），或者前后是同一个范畴内的事物，前总后分；或前面提到了一个较为抽象的事物或概念，后面将其具体化，实现从抽象到具体的过程●表示总分关系的标志词汇：for example，for instance，such as，to illustrate，like（比如），to take an example，let’s imagine，more specifically speaking，according to，in particular（放在例子后）等8.条件关系【一部分提到了某个条件或假设，其他部分则说明在这种条件或假设下会产生何种结果】●表示条件关系的标志词汇：if，so long as，only if，unless，as long as，supposethat，supposing，provided that，in case，when，with等9.列举关系●表示列举关系的标志词汇：first，second，last，to begin with/to continue，next，first/then，on one hand/on the other hand，for one thing/for another，one/another，some/others/still others等10.解题方法●同义相斥原则（看选项）●while，whereas都表示对立关系，但同时出现时，因为while比whereas更正式，故选择while●indeed和其他表示递进关系的标志词汇相比，更加注重强调，因此当逻辑关系是递进逻辑时，选择indeed●not题：在空格（题目）前后出现“not”单词●选择表示对立/转折/让步关系的标志词汇●除第一段以外的段首如果让填逻辑关系词，则选择对立关系词；若无对立关系词选项，则选择递进关系词●如果逻辑关系词前后内容有包容性，即总分关系，则选择举例关系词二、动词题1.根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系做题2.看主语—是人还是物●主语必须是人的动词：doubt，intend，require，regard，be impressed by，believe，notice等●主语必须是物的动词：manifest等●主语可以是人或物的动词：show等3.看宾语—是人还是物●只能跟人作宾语的谓语动词：assure，impress，side with（赞同），share with等●可跟人跟物的动词：ensure，agree with等●说明：在确定选项范围缩小至assure与ensure时，选择ensure；同理，在确定选项范围缩小至side with与agree with时，选择agree with4.看宾语—是抽象名词还是具体名词●抽象名词作宾语：enhance（quality）等●具体名词作宾语：fasten（系紧），label（贴标签），feed等●宾语既可以是抽象名词也可以是具体名词：tighten等●说明：在确定范围缩小至fasten与tighten时，选择tighten5.根据动词后的介词及介词后的宾语三、形容词题1.形容词作定语时，形容词修饰的名词是解题线索2.形容词作表语时，主语就是解题线索3.形容词修饰名词时，并且名词后有定语或同位语，则形容词修饰的名词、名词后的定语或同位语同时作为解题线索4.副词修饰形容词时，副词就是解题线索四、名词题1.名词作主语时，谓语和宾语就是解题线索2.名词作宾语时，主语和谓语就是解题线索3.名词作表语时，主语就是解题线索4.名词被定语修饰时，定语就是解题线索5.介词后填名词时，通常考察固定搭配五、副词题1.根据副词所修饰的对象来做题2.根据副词所在语境来做题3.根据文章中心来做题。
转折关系的英语
转折关系的英语以下是二十个转折关系的英语表达、英语释义、短语、单词、用法及双语例句：1. **however** - 然而；可是- English definition: in whatever way or manner- Phrase: however much/many- Word: none- Usage: You can use it to introduce a contrast or qualification.- Example: I'd like to go with you; however, I have too much work to do.2. **but** - 但是；而是- English definition: except that; only- Phrase: anything but- Word: none- Usage: It is commonly used to show contrast.- Example: He looks strong, but actually he is very weak.3. **yet** - 然而；还；仍然- English definition: nevertheless; up to the present time- Phrase: as yet- Word: none- Usage: It can express contrast or concession.- Example: He has failed many times, yet he doesn't give up.4. **nevertheless** - 然而；不过- English definition: in spite of that; nonetheless- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It is used to indicate that something is the case despite other circumstances.- Example: It was raining; nevertheless, we went out.5. **still** - 仍然；依旧；还是- English definition: in spite of what has been said or done previously- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It can show contrast or continuation.- Example: I'm still waiting for his reply.6. **nonetheless** - 尽管如此；但是- English definition: in spite of that; nevertheless- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: Similar to 'nevertheless'.- Example: The task was difficult, nonetheless, we managed to complete it.7. **whereas** - 然而；鉴于；反之- English definition: while on the other hand; in contrast- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It is often used to introduce a contrast or comparison.- Example: Some people like coffee, whereas others prefer tea.8. **while** - 虽然；然而；当……的时候- English definition: although; during the time that- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It can express contrast or time.- Example: I like swimming, while she likes dancing.9. **conversely** - 相反地；反过来- English definition: in the opposite way; on the contrary- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It indicates the opposite or reverse of something.- Example: If you increase the pressure, conversely, the volume will decrease.10. **on the contrary** - 正相反；恰恰相反- English definition: in opposition; the opposite is true- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It is used to strongly contradict a previous statement.- Example: You said it would be easy, but on the contrary, it's very difficult.11. **in contrast** - 相比之下；相反- English definition: as opposed to; in comparison- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It shows a difference between two things.- Example: In contrast to his brother, he is very quiet.12. **by contrast** - 相比之下；与之相比- English definition: in comparison with- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It emphasizes the difference when comparing. - Example: By contrast, her sister is very outgoing.13. **unlike** - 不像；与……不同- English definition: not like; different from- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It indicates a lack of similarity.- Example: Unlike his father, he doesn't like sports.14. **opposed to** - 与……相反；反对- English definition: in opposition to; contrary to- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It expresses opposition.- Example: I am opposed to war.15. **as opposed to** - 与……相对；而不是- English definition: in contrast with; rather than- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It emphasizes the contrast between two things.- Example: I prefer tea as opposed to coffee.16. **rather than** - 而不是；宁可……也不愿- English definition: instead of; in preference to- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It shows a choice between two options.- Example: I decided to walk rather than drive.17. **except that** - 只是；要不是- English definition: with the exception of; apart from- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It indicates an exception to a general statement.- Example: The weather is fine, except that it's a bit windy.18. **apart from** - 除……之外- English definition: besides; other than- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It means in addition to or excluding something.- Example: Apart from a few minor mistakes, the work is excellent.19. **other than** - 除了；不同于- English definition: except; not including- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It emphasizes exclusion or difference.- Example: There was nobody there other than me.20. **save that** - 只是；要不是- English definition: except for the fact that; only that- Phrase: none- Word: none- Usage: It is similar to 'except that'.- Example: The house is empty, save that there is a cat in the garden.。
contrary词组
Contrary的发音和词组1.contrary 读音和意思读音： ['kɔntrəri]意思1.adj.相反的, 截然不同的, 执拗的2.n.反面, 相反例句与用法：I will go on with my work unless I get the order to the contrary.我将继续工作直到我得到相反的命令。
The players on the contrary side now took their places. 双方运动员开始各就各位。
My sister's taste in dresses is contrary to my own.在服装方面，我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。
词形变化：副词: contrarily | 名词: contrariness | 名词复数: contraries详细释义：a.1. 相反的, 对立的[(+to)]His views are contrary to mine.他的看法与我相反。
2. (天气)不利的; (风)逆向的The garden party was put off because of the contrary weather.由于天气不好, 游园会延期了。
n.1. 相反; 相反的事物[the S]He produced no evidence to the contrary.他没有拿出相反的证据。
You didn't bother me. On the contrary, I like your company.你没有打扰我, 相反地, 我喜欢有你作伴。
2. 反面; 对立面, 对立的一方[C]Cruelty and kindness are contraries.残酷与仁慈是对立面。
ad.相反地; 反对地[(+to)]Contrary to expectation, he didn't win in the contest. 与预期相反, 他在竞赛中没有获奖。
英语写作过渡词和衔接词
英语写作过渡词和衔接词一、表逻辑上的先后顺序(e某pressions enumerating or stressing facts)1) 首先first，firstly，in the first place，in the first instance，to begin with2) 其次secondly，in the second place3) 最后，最重要的是at last，finally，last，lastly，most importantly4) 最后但并非最不重要的(一点)是，最后要说的是last but not least二、表递进关系(addition e某pressions)1) (副词)也;而且，还also，too，besides2) (并列连接词)而且and3) 此外in addition to，apart from4) 此外furthermore，what’s more5) 不仅……而且……not only…but also…6) 既……又……，也both…and…，as well as1) (并列连接词)但是but2) (副词)然而(and)yet，while，whereas3) (副词)然而nevertheless，however4) (从属连接词)尽管，虽然though，although5) 相反，正相反，恰恰相反to the contrary，on the contrary，quite the contrary6) 与……形成对比，与……截然不同in contrast with/to7) 相反(but)rather8) 反而，代替，而不是instead，instead of9) 毕竟after all10) 同样地equally，likewise，similarly四、表例证关系(e某emplification e某pressions)1) 也就是说namely，that is，that is to say2) 例如for e某ample，for instance3) 举例来说to illustrate4) 例如such as5) 以……为例(来说)take…as an e某ample五、表因果关系(cause and effect e某pressions)1) (后接表原因的从句)因为because2) (后接表原因的并列分句)因为for3) 因为……because of…，,owing to…，on account of…4) 因为这个那个，这些那些原因for this(that，these，those)reason(s)5) (从句1)为了……in order that6) (副词)因此，所以thus，hence，therefore7) 那么then8) 结果(是)as a result;so that(后接表结果的从句)9) 因此，结果(是)consequently10) 因此，相应地(就)accordingly六、表观点(viewpoint e某pressions)1) 在我看来in my opinion，in my view2) 我本人认为，我个人的'看法是personally，as far as I'm concerned3) 我认为I think(that从句)，as a rule4) 一般来说generally(speaking)，in general5) 坦率地说frankly speaking，to be frank七、表强调(e某pressions stressing facts or adding force)1) 显而易见obviously，apparently，clearly，certainly2) 肯定地，当然surely，to be sure，of course3) 事实上，实际上，真正地actually，as a matter of fact，indeed4) 自然地naturally5) 毫无疑问no doubt，undoubtedly1) 首先first2) 起初at first3) 然后，后来，在那之后，随后then，later，after that，afterwards，consequently5) 最后finally，at last6) 最终，最后eventually，ultimately7) 就在那以后(不久)just then，shortly after that，immediately after that8) 不久，很快before long，soon9) 从那以后from then on10) 从现在起from now on九、表空间位置(space e某pressions)1) 在……的左/右边on the left/right of...2) 在……(的)旁边besides…3) 在……的前边in front of4) 在……(内部的)前面in the front of5) 在……的顶部at the top of6) 在……的底部at the bottom of7) 在……里面;在室内inside…，indoors8) 在……外面;在室外outside，outdoors9) 在附近nearby10) 在……附近，在……隔壁，靠近……n e某t to十、表总结(summary e某pressions)1) 简而言之allin all，in brief，in short2) 总的说来，总之in conclusion，to sum up，to conclude，to summarize3) 总之，一句话in a word，in one word4) 长话短说，简而言之to make/cut a long story short5) 最后(要讲的是)finally，ultimately6) 从根本上来讲essentially1.表文章结构顺序First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second…，And then，Finally，In the end，At last2.表并列补充关系What is more，Besides，Moreover3.表因果关系Because，As，So，Thus，Therefore，As a result4.表换一种方式表达In other words，That is to say5.表进行举例说明For e某ample+句子，For instance+句子，such as+n/doing 6.表陈述事实In fact，as a matter of fact7.表达自己观点As far as I know，In my opinion8.表总结In short（总之）， In a word（总之）furthermore 此外;而且in addition 此外;而且in other words 换句话说not…but… 不是……而是……rather than… 而不是whether…or not 无论是否......in contrast 相反;大不相同in contrast to 与……形成对照in the same way 同样地though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地even though即使 otherwise 否则still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地in fact 事实上 unlike 不像……;和……不同as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍;然而;但是especially 特别地根据意思和作用的不同，过渡词可以分为以下十五类：(1)表并列关系的过渡词: and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor(2)表递进关系的过渡词: besides, in addition(加之，除……之外), moreover(此外，而且), what’s more, what’s worse(3)表转折对比的过渡词: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand…on the other hand, some…others(4)表原因的过渡词: because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to(由于)(5)表结果的过渡词: so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that(6)表条件的过渡词: if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as(8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词: first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, ne某t, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(后来), meanwhile(几乎同时), thereafter(在那以后), last, finally, eventually(终于)(9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way(10)表进行举例说明的过渡词: for instance, for e某ample, like, such as(11)表陈述事实的过渡词: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth(12)表强调的过渡词: certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously(13)表比较的过渡词： like, unlike, in the same way,similarly, similar to(14)表目的的过渡词： for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to(15)表总结的过渡词: in a word(总之，简言言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary文章及段落起始常用的过渡词语to begin with首先【例】To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.generally speaking 总体上讲【例】Generally speaking, the more you practice, the more skillfully you canwrite in English.first of all 第一，首先【例】First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.in the first place 首先【例】In the first place, she can read at the rate of 100 words aminute.文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语therefore, thus因此【例】Thus, taking morning e某ercises regularly may reduce the chances ofgetting sick.in conclusion 最后【例】In conclusion, universities should give larger amount of money tolibraries.in brief, in a nutshell 简言之【例】In brief, birth control is of vital importance in China.to sum up 总而言之【例】To sum up, out of sight, out of mind.in a word 总之【例】In a word, country life is more beneficial than city life.常用表示先后次序的过渡词语first 第一 second 第二 ne某t 其次，然后 eventually 最后，最终 since then 自此以后afterward 以后，随后 meanwhile 同时 therefore 因而immediately 立刻 finally 最后，最终【例】Finally, the country must not again go through the war.常用表示因果关系的过渡词语accordingly于是 for this reason由于这个原因 as a result of 由……结果in this way这样 consequently结果，因此 due to由于……therefore因而 because of因为 thus这样【例】It rained, for this reason, the game was cancelled.常用表示比较和对比的过渡词语in contrast with和……成对照 similarly同样 whereas然而 on the contrary相反different from与……不同 likewise同样 equally important同样重要 on the otherhand另一方面【例】Different from Jane, Mary is interested in Maths.常用表示举例的过渡词语a case in point恰当的例子 for e某ample举例 namely( thatis )即，这就是说 forinstance举例【例】A case in point is the water control project along the YangtzeRiver.有关描写某某某表的过渡词语apart from除了……之外【例】Apart from the figures, the information below thetable also suggeststhe growth of production.percent.from the above table/ chart/ graph根据上某某某(表)所示【例】From the above chart, it can be seen that changes do occur in thesociety.常用表示强调的过渡词语furthermore此外 moreover而且 besides此外 in fact实际上also而且，也 indeed的确again另外，还 in particular尤其，特别 naturally当然，自然，必然逻辑连接词语second, last but not the least, seeing…先后次序关系so…, as a result of this, consequently, in consequence原因、结果关系even though, though, regardless of转折关系also, as well as, either…or…并列关系not only…but also…,in order to do it…, accordingly递进关系on the contrary, contrary to, conversely对比关系as he e某plains, like, put it simply, for one thing…for another…举例关系particularly, to be true, other things being equal强调关系if so, if possible, provide that条件关系in brief, in short, the conclusion can be drawn that…归纳总结关系。
英文文章中常用的关联词总结
英文文章中常用的关联词总结第一篇：英文文章中常用的关联词总结文章中常用的关联词总结：1.增补(Addition)in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally.2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as3.对照(Contrast)whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while4.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important6.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.总结(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary9.推断(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.时间和空间(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of大家在使用这些词的时候要先弄清哪些是副词,哪些是连词.(副词不可以连接两个句子,连词可以.)第二篇：初中英文作文常用关联词及谚语英文作文「起、承、转、合用语精选」（起）1.As far as I know, S + V...据我所知，…2.As the saying goes, S+ V...常言道，… 3.Everybody k nows that + S + V...众所周知，4.Frankly speaking, S + V...坦白地说，5.Generally speaking, S + V...一般而言，… 6.I am greatly convinced that + S + V...我深信，…认…7.In general, S + V...一般而言，… 8.In my opinion, S + V...依我之见，… 9.It goes without saying that S + V...不消说，…10.It is said(reported据报导, known一般皆知, estimated据估计, believed一般相信, expected一般预料)that...据说11.It's true that + S + V...事实是兴12.Strictly speaking, S + V...严格地说，… 13.There is no doubt that S + V...毫无疑问，…14.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说，…（承）1.According to + N , S + V...根据…，2.As far as I'm concerned, S + V...就我而论，…3.Besides, 此外，4.But the problem is not so simple.Therefore,...但是问题不是如此单纯。
英文Incontrastbycontrast用法与中文意思
英文Incontrastbycontrast用法与中文意思英文In contrast /by contrast 用法与中文意思教学来囉！In contrast 跟by contrast 意思几乎一样，都是指「相反、相比之下」的意思，只是In contrast 比较常见，而且In contrast 跟 by contrast 在用法上有一点点的不同。
下面教学英文In contrast 跟 by contrast的用法。
1.In contrast 相比、相较之下In contrast 用来比较两个事物，In contrast 后面可以接to 或是with。
In contrast 比起 In parison ，在语气上更为强烈一点。
例：Julia is an optimistic person. In contrast, Josh is pessimistic. Julia是个乐观的人。
相反地，Josh则很悲观。
例： This bag is big in contrast with that one. 这个袋子比那个大。
例： In contrast to her sister, she is very tall. 与姐姐相比，她很高。
2.by contrast 相比、相较之下by contrast 比起 in contrast 来说，较不那么常用。
by contrast 用法跟in contrast 差不多，by contrast 可以单独出现，或是后面接with 。
by contrast 后面只能接with，不能接to 唷。
例： In the south much of the land is flat. By contrast, in the north there are hills and mountains everywhere. 在南部，大部分土地都是平坦的。
相反，在北部到处都是丘陵和山脉。
英语写作过渡词和衔接词
英语写作过渡词和衔接词一、表逻辑上的先后顺序(expressions enumerating or stressing facts)1) 首先first，firstly，in the first place，in the first instance，to begin with2) 其次secondly，in the second place3) 最后，最重要的是at last，finally，last，lastly，most importantly4) 最后但并非最不重要的(一点)是，最后要说的是last but not least二、表递进关系(addition expressions)1) (副词)也;而且，还also，too，besides2) (并列连接词)而且and3) 此外in addition to，apart from4) 此外furthermore，what’s more5) 不仅……而且……not only…but also…6) 既……又……，也both…and…，as well as1) (并列连接词)但是but2) (副词)然而(and)yet，while，whereas3) (副词)然而nevertheless，however4) (从属连接词)尽管，虽然though，although5) 相反，正相反，恰恰相反to the contrary，on the contrary，quite the contrary6) 与……形成对比，与……截然不同in contrast with/to7) 相反(but)rather8) 反而，代替，而不是instead，instead of9) 毕竟after all10) 同样地equally，likewise，similarly四、表例证关系(exemplification expressions)1) 也就是说namely，that is，that is to say2) 例如for example，for instance3) 举例来说to illustrate4) 例如such as5) 以……为例(来说)take…as an example五、表因果关系(cause and effect expressions)1) (后接表原因的从句)因为because2) (后接表原因的并列分句)因为for3) 因为……because of…，,owing to…，on account of…4) 因为这个那个，这些那些原因for this(that，these，those)reason(s)5) (从句1)为了……in order that6) (副词)因此，所以thus，hence，therefore7) 那么then8) 结果(是)as a result;so that(后接表结果的从句)9) 因此，结果(是)consequently10) 因此，相应地(就)accordingly六、表观点(viewpoint expressions)1) 在我看来in my opinion，in my view2) 我本人认为，我个人的'看法是personally，as far as I'm concerned3) 我认为I think(that从句)，as a rule4) 一般来说generally(speaking)，in general5) 坦率地说frankly speaking，to be frank七、表强调(expressions stressing facts or adding force)1) 显而易见obviously，apparently，clearly，certainly2) 肯定地，当然surely，to be sure，of course3) 事实上，实际上，真正地actually，as a matter of fact，indeed4) 自然地naturally5) 毫无疑问no doubt，undoubtedly1) 首先first2) 起初at first3) 然后，后来，在那之后，随后then，later，after that，afterwards，consequently5) 最后finally，at last6) 最终，最后eventually，ultimately7) 就在那以后(不久)just then，shortly after that，immediately after that8) 不久，很快before long，soon9) 从那以后from then on10) 从现在起from now on九、表空间位置(space expressions)1) 在……的左/右边on the left/right of...2) 在……(的)旁边besides…3) 在……的前边in front of4) 在……(内部的)前面in the front of5) 在……的顶部at the top of6) 在……的底部at the bottom of7) 在……里面;在室内inside…，indoors8) 在……外面;在室外outside，outdoors9) 在附近nearby10) 在……附近，在……隔壁，靠近……n ext to十、表总结(summary expressions)1) 简而言之allin all，in brief，in short2) 总的说来，总之in conclusion，to sum up，to conclude，to summarize3) 总之，一句话in a word，in one word4) 长话短说，简而言之to make/cut a long story short5) 最后(要讲的是)finally，ultimately6) 从根本上来讲essentially1.表文章结构顺序First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second…，And then，Finally，In the end，At last2.表并列补充关系What is more，Besides，Moreover3.表因果关系Because，As，So，Thus，Therefore，As a result4.表换一种方式表达In other words，That is to say5.表进行举例说明For example+句子，For instance+句子，such as+n/doing 6.表陈述事实In fact，as a matter of fact7.表达自己观点As far as I know，In my opinion8.表总结In short（总之）， In a word（总之）furthermore 此外;而且in addition 此外;而且in other words 换句话说not…but… 不是……而是……rather than… 而不是whether…or not 无论是否......in contrast 相反;大不相同in contrast to 与……形成对照in the same way 同样地though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地even though即使 otherwise 否则still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地in fact 事实上 unlike 不像……;和……不同as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍;然而;但是especially 特别地根据意思和作用的不同，过渡词可以分为以下十五类：(1)表并列关系的过渡词: and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor(2)表递进关系的过渡词: besides, in addition(加之，除……之外), moreover(此外，而且), what’s more, what’s worse(3)表转折对比的过渡词: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand…on the other hand, some…others(4)表原因的过渡词: because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to(由于)(5)表结果的过渡词: so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that(6)表条件的过渡词: if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as(8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词: first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(后来), meanwhile(几乎同时), thereafter(在那以后), last, finally, eventually(终于)(9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way(10)表进行举例说明的过渡词: for instance, for example, like, such as(11)表陈述事实的过渡词: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth(12)表强调的过渡词: certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously(13)表比较的过渡词： like, unlike, in the same way,similarly, similar to(14)表目的的过渡词： for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to(15)表总结的过渡词: in a word(总之，简言言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary文章及段落起始常用的过渡词语to begin with首先【例】To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.generally speaking 总体上讲【例】Generally speaking, the more you practice, the more skillfully you canwrite in English.first of all 第一，首先【例】First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.in the first place 首先【例】In the first place, she can read at the rate of 100 words aminute.文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语therefore, thus因此【例】Thus, taking morning exercises regularly may reduce the chances ofgetting sick.in conclusion 最后【例】In conclusion, universities should give larger amount of money tolibraries.in brief, in a nutshell 简言之【例】In brief, birth control is of vital importance in China.to sum up 总而言之【例】To sum up, out of sight, out of mind.in a word 总之【例】In a word, country life is more beneficial than city life.常用表示先后次序的过渡词语first 第一 second 第二 next 其次，然后 eventually 最后，最终since then 自此以后afterward 以后，随后 meanwhile 同时 therefore 因而immediately 立刻 finally 最后，最终【例】Finally, the country must not again go through the war.常用表示因果关系的过渡词语accordingly于是 for this reason由于这个原因 as a result of 由……结果in this way这样 consequently结果，因此 due to由于……therefore因而 because of因为 thus这样【例】It rained, for this reason, the game was cancelled.常用表示比较和对比的过渡词语in contrast with和……成对照 similarly同样 whereas然而 on the contrary相反different from与……不同 likewise同样 equally important同样重要 on the otherhand另一方面【例】Different from Jane, Mary is interested in Maths.常用表示举例的过渡词语a case in point恰当的例子 for example举例 namely( that is )即，这就是说 forinstance举例【例】A case in point is the water control project along the YangtzeRiver.有关描写***表的过渡词语apart from除了……之外【例】Apart from the figures, the information below thetable also suggeststhe growth of production.percent.from the above table/ chart/ graph根据上***(表)所示【例】From the above chart, it can be seen that changes do occur in thesociety.常用表示强调的过渡词语furthermore此外 moreover而且 besides此外 in fact实际上also而且，也 indeed的确again另外，还 in particular尤其，特别 naturally当然，自然，必然逻辑连接词语second, last but not the least, seeing…先后次序关系so…, as a result of this, consequently, in consequence原因、结果关系even though, though, regardless of转折关系also, as well as, either…or…并列关系not only…but also…,in order to do it…, accordingly递进关系on the contrary, contrary to, conversely对比关系as he explains, like, put it simply, for one thing…for another…举例关系particularly, to be true, other things being equal强调关系if so, if possible, provide that条件关系in brief, in short, the conclusion can be drawn that…归纳总结关系。
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in contrast on the contrary的区别在对比和对立之间
「对比」和「对立」，作为表示相反关系的词语，常常在我们的日
常使用中出现。
然而，它们的用法和含义之间存在一些微妙的区别。
在本文中，我们将探讨对比和对立之间的差别以及它们在表达中的应用。
一、对比（In contrast）
「对比」是指将两个或多个事物之间的不同或相似之处进行比较和
揭示。
通过对比，我们可以突出并强调事物的差异或共同点。
常见的
表达方式包括「与……相比」、「与……相隔」、「与……相对」等。
例如，我们可以说：“他的家人喜欢喝茶，而他喜欢喝咖啡。
”这句
话中，通过对比茶和咖啡的喜好，我们可以看出他与他的家人在饮品
选择上的差异。
同样，我们可以说：“中国的夏天炎热潮湿，而加拿大
的夏天凉爽宜人。
”这句话中，通过对比中国和加拿大的夏季气候，我
们可以看出它们在温度和湿度上的差异。
在写作和演讲中，对比可以使句子和段落更具有说服力和吸引力。
通过对比，我们可以更好地说明观点、传达信息，并增强读者或听众
的理解和记忆。
二、对立（On the contrary）
「对立」是指表示相反或相反的情况或观点。
与「对比」不同的是，「对立」常常强调相反或相对立的概念。
常见的表达方式包括「相反」、「相对立」、「但是」等。
例如，我们可以说：“他认为这个想法是好的，但是我认为它是错
误的。
”这句话中，通过对立观点，我们可以看出发言者和作者对该想
法的不同看法。
又如，“这部电影被批评家称为是一部古典之作，但是
观众们普遍认为它过于沉闷。
”这句话中，对立的两种观点突出了电影
在专业评价和大众口碑上的差别。
在写作和辩论中，对立可以用来表达不同的观点、争论或提供相反
的证据。
通过展示对立观点，我们可以促进思考和讨论，并促使读者
或听众从多个角度思考问题。
总结
在「对比」和「对立」之间，我们可以看出明显的区别。
对比是指
揭示事物之间的相似或不同，通过比较突出差异或共同点；而对立则
强调相反或相对立的概念，用来表达相反的观点或争论。
在写作和演
讲中，对比可以增强句子或段落的说服力，对立则有助于展示不同观
点和促进思考。
因此，在适当的时候运用对比和对立，可以使我们的
表达更加准确、有力和引人入胜。