Comparison Contrast 对比与对照
Comparison-Contrast-对比与对照
• Decide on your purpose • Choose your subjects
Contrast Comparison
SubjectA common SubjectB
Set Your Purpose
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
Comparison/Contrast is a method that is often used by writers to
analyze the similarities and differences
between two subjects.
What is comparison/contrast?
Professor Wu: classroom instruction homework exam grading
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
Point-by-Point
Classroom instruction Homework Exam Grading
Point by Point
Point 1
Subject A Subject B
Point 2
Subject A Subject B
Point 3
Subject A Subject B
Mixed sequence
How to organize a comparison/ contrast essay?
Comparison/Contrast
01
Beier
What is comparison/ contrast?
02
Comparison and Contrast
c） The sim-diff pattern： The writer puts all the similarities between the subjects together and all the differences together. This technique is suitable for those subjects whose similarities and differences are more balanced. In an essay using this pattern to organize the body part， the whole essay will be arranged in the following way：
英语词汇（145）compare、contrast
英语词汇（145）compare、contrast 英语词汇（145）compare、 contrast佳中comparecontrastcompare “比较”，指把两个或两个以上的人或物加以比较，找出其中的相同点和不同点。
名词是 comparison 。
常用结构是：compare …… with …… (将……与……比较)compare with (能与……相比)compare …… to …… （把……比喻成……)1) After I compared two versions, I decided to take the original one.（我比较两种版本之后,决定把原来的一种。
）2) I decided not to set too rigid a standard and not to compare myself with others.（我决定不定太严格的标准,不把自己和别人进行比较。
）3) How does your new house compare with you old one?（你的新房子如何能与你房子相比呢？4) Life is often compared to a voyage.（人生常被比喻成是海上航行。
5) His eloquence may be compared to afast-flowing river.（他的口才好比水流湍急的河流。
）contrast “对照”，指把两种东西进行对比、对照。
从而找出相异之处。
可用作动词或名词，常用结构是：动词contrast wit …….. (与……对照)名词contrast to ……. (与……对照)1) This cold weather contrasts with last week’s heat.（这冷天气同上星期的热天气成想鲜明对比。
）2) His elegant clothes contrast sharply with his rough speech.His elegant clothes are a sharp contrast to his rough speech.（他华丽的衣服与他的粗糙的语言形成强烈的对比。
英语四级考前比较和对比写作方法急训
英语四级考前比较和对比写作方法急训英语四级考前比较和对比写作方法急训比较（comparison）主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的事物的'共同点或相似之处，如人物、地点、事物、思想、观点等。
对照（contrast）主要是指出它们的不同点。
相同的或类似的特征可以组成比较，不同的特征则可以组成对照。
不仅如此，比较和对比常常同时使用，这是因为比较中往往隐含着对比。
比较和对比常有两种形式，即整体比较和对比（block comparison and contrast）与逐项比较（alternating comparison）。
「Example 」Although Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were fierce adversaries during the Civil War， their lives，both military and nonmilitary，has a great deal in common. Grant descended from a family whose members participated in the American Revolution. He received his commission of second lieutenant from West Point and served in the Spanish-American War. He was later summoned by President Lincoln to assume command of the Union Forces during the Civil War.After the Civil War， Grant suffered financial problems and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Lee also descended from a family which engaged in the American Revolution. He，too，received his commission from West Point and later fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War. His fame as a military strategist during the Civil War， when he was the commander of the Confederate armies， is well known. Although it is not always pointed out by historians he，like Grant，had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled to out by historians he， like Grant， had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled todeclare bankruptcy. By securing a postas president of Washington College，he was able to avoid additional poverty. （整体比较）The same qualities that make people good house guests make them good hospital patients. Good house guests can expect a reasonable amount of service and effort on their behalf，and hospital patients can also. Guests have to adjust to what is for them a change， and certainly hospital patients must do the same. No one appreciates a complaining，unpleasant，unappreciative house guest，and the hospital staff is no exception. Hose guests who expect vast changes to be made for their benefit are not popular for long. Certainly nurses and other personnel with their routines feel the same way about patients in their care. Just as house guests must make adjustments to enjoy their visits， so patients must make adjustments to make their stays reasonably pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.（逐项比较）。
comparison and contrast对比与对照——商务英语课程
I. John has contempt for money; Mark has respect for money.
II. John buys without hesitation; Mark hesitates and compares prices.
III.John buys what he wants; Mark buys what he can afford.
For the same example, John and Mark, Point-by-point (Horizontal) organization requires that you first write point A about John and Mark, followed with point B about John and Mark and lastly point C about John and Mark.
Block (Vertical) organization requires that you first write about John on points a, b, and c, and then contrast Mark with John on these same points
Decide on the Organization of Comparison/Contin a book is often very different from seeing it as a film. When you read a story, you need to use your imagination. A book usually gives a lot of description about the people, places, and things in the story, so you can create pictures in your mind. In addition, the conversations between people are always written with details that describe how the people look or feel while they are talking. When you read, you use a lot of imagination to help ‘see’ the characters in the story. However, when you see a film, it is a different experience. When you watch a film, you don’t need to use your imagination. The pictures on the screen give all the details about the people, places, and things in the story. The conversations are spoken out loud, so you just listen and watch. The feelings of the people come through their faces, body movements, and voices. Although a book and a film might tell the same story, reading a book and watching a film are very different experiences.
comparison and contrast比较与对比写作讲解
How to write the details?
There are some distinct similarities between fast food and home cooked meals. The first similarity is that they both provide a variety of choices. There are a number of selections available in restaurants; salads, burgers, sandwiches and more. Similarly, if the ingredients are available, anything can be cooked in your own kitchen. Another similarity is that each can be relatively inexpensive. Fast food can be very cheap since many meals are under five dollars. In the same way, home cooked meals also can be reasonable especially if ingredients are carefully considered for the cost. Thirdly, both fast food and home cooked meals can be delicious. We know that many people enjoy the taste of fast food because it is popular around the world. Likewise, home cooked meals can certainly be yummy if they are prepared just as you like them.
比较和对照的英语写作方法(2012)
Comparison and Contrast比较和对照的写作方法一．目标、重点和难点目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；重点：熟悉比较和对照写作方法的特点、模式及相关写作语块（词组、结构及句子）；难点：训练学生对作文主题的思维拓展以及相关语言表达的总结。
二．A Brief Introduction1. Definitions of comparison and contrastComparison: You are asked to explain how two or more things are alike.Contrast: You are asked to explain how two or more things are different.2. Two methods to organize a comparison and contrast essay使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式1）逐点比较方式Point-by-point method(or alternating arrangement): You alternatepoints about A (one thing) with comparable points about B (another thing). AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。
2）块状比较方式Item-by-item method (or block arrangement): You discuss all of A, then all of B. 先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。
3. structureUsually, comparison and contrast essay writing consists of three parts: Introduction, Body and Conclusion.Introduction often begins with a sentence that will catch the reader’s interest. Then name the two subjects and state that they are very similar or quite different, having many important (or interesting) similarities or differences.Body discusses how both subjects are different or similar with the two methods (alternating or block arrangement).Conclusion gives a brief, general summary of the most important similarities and differences. End with a personal statement, or a prediction.4．SamplesSample1 Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life. Both have their merits and shortcomings.Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy variouskinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city – you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day’s hard work. But city life has many problems, too.The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don’t have so mucn worrie s. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world. Y ou may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.Sample2 Middle School Life and College Life There are many differences between middle school and the college.First，in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to understand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short，and we are not allowed to make boy- or girlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first. That means we could do nothing but study.In contrast，we have to do everything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully. There are also other differences between our school life and our college life. We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.Sample3 The Senate and the House of Representatives [Introduction]As we all know, in the USA, Congress is responsible for making laws. Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. In this essay, you will learn the differences between the two houses of Congress.[Body]There are many differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Vice President of the United States is the head of the Senate. He must vote in the Senate if there is a tie (平局). On the other hand, the head of the House of Representatives is called the Speaker of the House, who is elected by representatives. Another difference is that the Senate is made up of 100 senators, two from each state. The House of Representatives, however, is made up of 435 representatives. The number of representatives from each state is determined by that state’s population. A thir d difference is that senators are elected to serve six-year terms, while representatives are elected to serve two-year terms.[Conclusion]Although Congress is made up of two types of lawmakers, they must work together for the benefit of all Americans.三．写作步骤1. 写前阶段：写作提纲1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。
写作与修辞ContrastandComparison的用法与比较
01
Contrast和Comparison虽然都是修辞手法，但它们的用法和目 的不同。Contrast用于强调两个或多个相反或不同的方面之间的 差异，而Comparison则用于强调两个或多个相似或可比的方面 之间的相似之处。
02
在写作中，要避免将Contrast和Comparison混淆使用。 如果需要使用这两种修辞手法来表达相似的意思，可以尝 试将它们结合起来使用，例如在对比两个不同的事物时， 可以同时强调它们之间的相似之处和差异之处。
来增强文本的表达效果和读者的理解。
输标02入题
01
示例
03
2. "有的人活着，他已经死了；有的人死了，他还活 着。"（臧克家《有的人》）通过生与死的对比，揭示
了不同人生态度和价值观的差异。
04
1. "黑夜给了我黑色的眼睛，我却用它寻找光明。"（ 顾城《一代人》）这里通过“黑夜”与“光明”的对 比，表达了主人公对光明的执着追求。
Comparison
将两个或多个相似的事物进行比较， 强调它们之间的相似点和共同点，以 加深读者对事物的理解和认识。
02
Contrast和Comparison的定义与区别
Contrast的定义及示例
定义：Contrast是一种修辞手法，通过突出两个或多 个相反或截然不同的概念、事物或观点之间的差异，
种事物、概念或观点。
区别
Contrast强调差异和对比，通过突出相反或截然不同的特点来揭示事物的本质；而 Comparison则强调相似和关联，通过找出共同点或相似之处来建立联系和理解。在实 际应用中，Contrast和Comparison往往相互补充，共同构建文本的丰富性和深度。
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Differences
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
Short Conjunctions However, In contrast, By contrast, ..., but ..., yet
Subordinating Conjunctions On the other hand, even though + [sentence] although + [sentence] whereas + [sentence] unlike + [sentence] while + [sentence] nevertheless,
What is comparison/contrast?
Comparison is to bring out the similarities between two things.
Contrast is to emphasize the differences between two things.
Classroom instruction Homework Exam Grading
Professor Yang Professor Wu Professor Yang Professor Wu Professor Yang Professor Wu Professor Yang Professor Wu
Professor Yang: classroom instruction homework exam grading Professor Wu: classroom instruction homework exam grading
Point-by-Point
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
Subject A Subject B
Point 3
Subject A Subject B
Mixed sequence
How to organize a comparison/ contrast essay?
Subject by Subject Point by Point
Complete Direct/Specific
emphasize changing
emphasize scale
How to organize a comparison/ contrast essay?
Three Patterns
Subject by Subject
How to organize a comparison/ contrast essay?
What is comparison/ contrast used for?
CONTENTS
What is comparison/contrast?
Definition
What is comparison/contrast?
What is comparison/contrast?
Comparison/Contrast is a method that is often used by writers to analyze the similarities and differences between two subjects.
to persuade readers that one subject is superior to others.
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
White House
Geography Population Transportation Culture
Choose a certain pattern
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
Subject-by-Subject
Point-by-Point
Subject-by-Subject
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
Similarities
Short Conjunctions Longer Expressions
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
Similarly, Likewise, ...the same... ...the same as... ...also... ... , too. both
What is comparison/contrast used for?
What is comparison/contrast used for?
The area of the Pacific Ocean is 19 times the size of China
What is comparison/contrast used for?
Comparison/Contrast
Beier
01 02
Afra
What is comparison/ contrast?
Susan
How to organize a comparison/ contrast essay?
03
04 Sophia
Bobby
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
Methods
• Decide on your purpose • Choose your subjects
Contrast Comparison
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
In the same way, X is similar to Y in that (they)... X and Y are similar in that (they)... Like X, Y [verb]... In like manner, One way in which X is similar to Y is (that)... Another way in which X is similar to Y is (that)...
SubjectA
common
SubjectB
Set Your Purpose
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
to explain differences between subjects. This type of writing generally does not recommend one item as being better than the others.
Keep in mind the following questions
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
• Do you stick to the pattern you choose? • Do you select the significant points? relevant/specific/sufficient details • Do you deal equally with both subjects?
Point 1
Subject A Point 2 Point 3 Subject B
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point by Point
How to organize a comparison/ contrast essay?
Point 1
Subject A Subject B
Point 2
The organization
• Thesis Statement • Supposing Details • Conclusion
How to write a good comparison/ contrast essay?
Thanks!
What is comparison/contrast?
What is comparison/contrast used for?
Purpose
• To clarify something unknown or not well understood. • To lead to a new way of viewing something familiar. • To bring one or both of the subjects into sharper focus. • To show that one subject is better than the other.