高中英语不定式知识点整理

The Infinitive

三、动词不定式在句中作用

1.主语

To be a good teacher requires patience.

It is important for you to use your time wisely.

It is brave of him to dive from the cliff.

it 形式主语

?(1)It is +adj.+ (for sb.) to do…

?easy/difficult/hard/right/wrong/unnecessary…

?(2)It is/was +adj. + (of sb.) to do…

?kind/clever/foolish/strange/polite…

?(3) It is +名词+ to do...

? a pity/an honor/one’s duty/no easy job/good manners…

2.宾语

We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers.

They asked her how to get to the railway station.

(常以不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, bother, care, choose, claim, decide, desire, expect, fail, help, intend, learn, manage, offer,plan, prepare, pretend,refuse, threaten, wish等)

辨析不定式与动名词：

1) 动词remember, forget, regret后接动名词表示已经做过的动作,不定式表示没有做过或将要做的动作.

?I remember seeing him yesterday.

?I remember having seen him before.

?Please remember to see him today.

2)动词like, love, hate, begin, start既可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语,意思基本

相同，但动名词表经常性的动作，不定式偏向一次性动作。

?I like watching TV at home.

?I like to watch TV at home tonight.

?try to do / try doing

?mean to do / mean doing

?can’t help to do / can’t help doing

?stop to do / stop doing

?go on to do / go on doing

need / want / require doing=~to be done

?The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired.

3.宾语补足语

He told me to take care of the puppy while he was away.

My boss told me to sit there.

（常见动词：advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, press, remind, teach, tell…）

4.定语

The building to be built is our library.

We have a lot of things to do today.

There are a lot of things to do.

( have和there be句型中，常用主动表被动。)

?Please give me a pen to write with.

?Please give me a piece of paper to write .

5.状语

1) 目的状语: to do, so as to do, in order to do

He hid himself behind the door so that he couldn’t be found by others.

=He hid himself behind the door so as not to be found by others.

2) 结果状语：only, enough to do, too…to do, so…as (not) to

Some people laugh at others, only to find themselves laughed at.

She is so weak that she can not run fast. =She is so weak as not to run fast.

She isn’t strong enough to run fast.

She is too weak to run fast.

?The question is easy .(answer)

?He is difficult .(teach)

6.表语

To see is to believe.

He is to visit China next week.

主要的任务是保持我们的寝室干净。The main task is to keep our dormitory clean.

四、动词不定式的注意事项

1.疑问词＋不定式,作主语、表语或宾语

1）what / which to do (what / which 作do 的逻辑宾语，what意为“什么”，which “表示选择”

There were too many books for me to choose from and I didn’t know which to choose.

2）when / where / how to do sth.

I felt totally confused, not knowing where to go.

3）whether to do sth. (不用if)

Whether to follow his instruction is not for you to decide

2. 不定式的主动表被动

?句中存在名词或代词可以作为不定式的逻辑主语，构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

eg. M rs Bird gave the dog a few bones to eat.

The policeman showed me the right bus to take.

如果句中不存在这种主谓关系，那么不定式仍须用被动。

eg. The news reporter raised a few questions to be answered.

?在“形容词+不定式”结构中，如果不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，那么不定式多用主动语态。

eg. The plane is dangerous to fly.

The machine is hard to control.

?There be结构中，倾向于用不定式主动语态表示被动意义。

eg. There is always much housework to do in the house.

?blame, let在此为主动表被动。

He is not to blame for the mistake.(他不应该为这个错误受责备。)

The house is to let. (房子待租。)

2. 不定式的省略

?感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带to，即我们常说的“一觉二听三让五看” :feel, listen to, hear, let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at.

?但这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。

I often hear him sing the song. →He is often heard to sing the song.

?had better，would rather，rather than之后省略to。

You'd better not tell him the news .

Rather than wait at the station, I prefer to go home by taxi.

?为避免重复，不定式中主要动词可省略，只剩下to。

Would you like to come with us? -- Yes, I’d love to.

Shall I give the dog a chocolate? ---It’s better not to.

?由all，what 引导的主语从句或主语被only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰，且从句中含有do时，动词不定式作表语则往往省去to。

All I did was (to) press the button.

What you have to do is (to) fill in the forms.

The only thing I could do was (to) do it myself 。

3. 和不定式有关的常用词组和句型

?be said to do

He is said to have studied abroad for many years.

?happen to do

We happened to discover we had a friend in common.

= It happened that we discovered that we had a friend in common.

?seem to do

He seemed to be looking for something. = It seemed that he was looking for something.

人教版高中英语知识点梳理

高中课本知识分布必修一 1.共有三个单元 2.各单元知识点第一单元：一般现在时，现在进行时，be going to 第二单元：一般过去时，过去进行时，现在完成时第三单元：被动语态，情态动词 3.全书单词数量为：204个词组数量为：44个必修二 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点第四单元：一般将来时will和be going to的区别，真实条件句和虚拟条件句，让步状语从句第五单元：原因、结果、目的状语从句第六单元：表示时间、地点、动作的介词，定语从句，冠词 3. 全书单词数量为：229个词组数量为：23个必修三 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点第七单元：关系副词，介词+which引导的定语从句，形容词的比较级第八单元：限制性和非限制性定语从句，静态动词和动态动词第九单元：现在完成进行时态，现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态 3. 全书单词数量为：262个词组数量为：40个必修四 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点第十单元：不定代词和动词不定式第十一单元：被动语态，动名词作主语，宾语，表语，定语第十二单元：跟动名词或不定式作宾语的动词，现在分词作副词，作表语，定语，宾语补足语 3. 全书单词数量为：330个词组数量为：24个高一共计单词1025，词组131 必修五 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点第十三单元：过去分词在句中可作形容词或副词用，修饰名词，在句中作定语，宾语补足

语或表语第十四单元：情态动词表示推测第十五单元：虚拟语气 3. 全书单词数量为：313个词组数量为：25个选修六 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点第十六单元：过去完成时第十七单元：过去完成进行时1 第十八单元：过去完成进行时2 3. 全书单词数量为：245个词组数量为：31个选修七 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点第十九单元：名词性从句第二十单元：将来完成时和将来进行时第二十一单元：混合虚拟条件句和情态动词 3. 全书单词数量为：340个词组数量为：13个选修八 1. 共有三个单元 2. 各单元知识点第二十二单元：被动态和表示报道的表达第二十三单元：强调句和各种完成时的形态（将来完成时，现在完成时，过去完成时，现在完成进行时，现在分词的完成时及情态动词加完成时的用法）第二十四单元：劝说的表达 3. 全书单词数量为：375个词组数量为：61个高二共计单词1273，词组130个高中共计单词2298，词组261 北师大版高中英语语法总结（必修一—选修八）必修一一、present simple and present continuous 一般现在是和现在进行时 1，present simple: 反复进行的，经常性的动作（惯例习惯） Eg, He watches soap operas. 及状态I live in Budapest. 一般现在时常和下列时间状语连用：always, usually, from, time to time, twice a week, rarely,

高中英语讲解不定式语法

高中英语语法讲解不定式（The Infinitive）定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud. A． 1不定式的构成（以动词do为例） 2 不定式的意义不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 不定式的被动式 (to be done) 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents? 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing） They are said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. I’m glad to be working with you. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited us. The assistant seemed to have been fired. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties. 如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.

高一英语动词不定式用法总结及相关练习

不定式在句子中可以作主语.宾语.宾补.表语.定语和状语： 1.不定式作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学外语不容易。 Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? (it 为形式主语) 有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗？如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加for引起的短语,即for +名词/代词宾格+不定式。 It is good for us to take part in physical labour 参加体力劳动对我们有益某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right, unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等)作表语时不定式前常可用of引起的短语,既be+形容词+of+ 名词/代词的宾格+不定式. It is stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真蠢,犯这样的错误 2. 不定式作宾语 I forgot to turn the oven on. 我忘记打开炉子。有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。 afford aim agree arrange ask decide promise care choose demand desire determine expect hate hope fail help learn long mean manage offer plan pretend refuse intend bother tend 3.不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以和名称或代词构成复合结构,作动词的宾语,不定式作宾语补足语We advised him to have a good rest 常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, force, advise,get,beg,allow,help,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encourage,hate,warn,per mit等.但在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at 等动词后的复合宾语中,不定式不带to. 在help后不定式可以带to,也可以不带to The boss made the workers work day and night.老板迫使工人们日夜干活 Will you help me (to) plant this tree, please? 请您帮我种这棵树好吗？ 4. 不定式作定语 He has a lot of questions to ask. 他有许多问题要问。不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系.如果这个不定式是不及物的,它后面应有必要的介词 I use a pen to write with. 5. 不定式作表语 Disney’s greatest wish was to be a famous artist. 迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。 6.不定式作状语不定式作状语可以修饰动词,表示目的,结果,或原因 To catch the first bus, I have to get up early. (目的) She went aboard never to return. (结果) I was surprised to see him there.(原因)

高考英语语法专项突破训练专题16-倒装句和省略句

专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析一、倒装句倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：

2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：

① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。二、省略句高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。省略句用法一览表：

高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(附答案)

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