现代语言学自考题分类模拟18

现代语言学自考题分类模拟18

(总分:85.00,做题时间:90分钟)

一、PART ONE(总题数:0,分数:0.00)

二、I. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.(总题数:21,分数:42.00)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage is passed on from one generation to the next through ______, rather than by instinct. (分数:

2.00)

A.learning

B.teaching

C.only learning

D.both A and B √

解析:[解析] 人类的语言是通过教授和学习的方式一代一代传递下来的,而不是靠本能。与此相反,动物的呼叫系统则是通过遗传来完成的。

2.The famous quotation from Shakespeare"s play Romeo and Juliet "A rose by any other name would smell as sweet" well illustrates ______.

(分数:2.00)

A.the conventional nature of language √

B.the creative nature of language

C.the universality of language

D.the big difference between human language and animal communication

解析:[解析] 对于相同的物体,不同的语言使用不同的词语这样一个事实雄辩地说明了语言的武断性特点:词语不过是一些符号,它们与物体、行为及思想的联系是由习惯形成的。莎士比亚戏剧“罗密欧与朱丽叶”中的名言“玫瑰换个名词闻起来还是香的”就是对语言这种习惯性特征的最好证明。

3.The purpose of Chomsky"s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. (分数:2.00)

A.lexical

B.grammatical

C.semantic

D.structural √

解析:[解析] 乔姆斯基对语言的定义——从现在开始,我要把语言看做是(有限的或无限的)句子的集合,每个句子都有一定的长度,并由有限的成分集合所构成——丝毫没有提及自然或非自然语言的交际功能,也没有提到语言成分的符号本质。它的目的是强调语言纯粹的结构特征并且指出这种特征可以用精确的、数学的方法来加以分析研究。

4."Tree" in English, "Arbre" in French and "Baum" in German all refer to the same thing "a type of tail plant with a wooden trunk and branches" indicates that ______.

(分数:2.00)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage is vocal

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage is arbitrary √

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage is productive

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage is culturally transmitted

解析:[解析] 语言具有任意性(说声音和意义之间没有任何逻辑关系)最好的一个例证就是不同的语言里使用不同的声音来代表相同的事物,正如题干中所述,“树”在英文里是“tree”,在法文里是“arbre”,在德文里是“baum”。

5.Traditional grammar regards the ______ form of language as primary, not the spoken form. (分数:2.00)

A.oral

B.written √

C.writing

D.vocal

解析:[解析] 口头语和书面语是人类交际中的两大主要媒介。现代语言学比较看重的是口头语言,而不是书面语言。而在过去,传统的语法学家们都有过分强调书面语重要性的倾向,这是由于书面语言的相对恒定性。

6.When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists here and now. It couldn"t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of ______.

(分数:2.00)

A.cultural

B.productivity

C.displacement √

D.duality

解析:[解析] 语言的位移性表明语言可以用来表达不在说话现场所发生的情况。任何动物的交际系统都不具有这种特性。动物们的叫声主要来自于对突发事件现场的反映,例如接触到了食物,遭遇到了危险,或感受到了疼痛。一旦这一切消失了,这种叫声便会停止。

7.The study of language as a whole is often called ______ linguistics.

(分数:2.00)

A.particular

B.general √

C.ordinary

D.generative

解析:[解析] 把语言作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般称为普通语言学。

8.Duality or ______ makes a person to talk about anything within his knowledge.

(分数:2.00)

A.lower level of language

B.higher level of language

C.basic level of language

D.double articulation of language √

解析:[解析] 语言是由两套结构或者说两个层面所组成的一个系统。它的较低层次,也就是它的基本层次,是声音,它们是没有意义的,但是这些语言的声音经过组合甚至反复组合形成数量众多的诸如词素和单词的意义单位,这些意义单位可以在语言系统的较高层次出现。这种语言结构的双重性(也叫结构双层性)使得语言使用者能够就其所知谈论任何事情。没有任何动物交际系统具有这种双重性或具有与之相似的功能。

9.Neither "iolk" nor "no a he girl" is accepted to be well-constructed in English indicates that language is ______.

(分数:2.00)

A.rule-governed √

B.not arbitrary

C.not productive

D.vocal

解析:[解析] 语言首先是一个系统,即语言的各个成分都是按照一定的规则组合在一起的。这一点解释了为什么iolk在英语里不可能是一个声音组合,以及no a he girl为什么在英语里是一个不可接受的句子。如果语言不是按照某种规则构成的话,人们就不可能连续地学习和使用它。

10.A linguistic theory is constructed about what ______ is and how it works.

(分数:2.00)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,ngue

B.linguist

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage √

D.learning

解析:[解析] 语言的研究过程可以总结为:首先,要观察某些语言材料,从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结;其次,根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料,然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的

正确性;最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and ______. (分数:2.00)

A.words

B.sounds √

C.objects

D.ideas

解析:[解析] 语言具有任意性,也就是说声音和意义之间没有逻辑关系。

12.______ answers such question that how we as infants acquire our first language.

(分数:2.00)

A.Psycholinguistics √

B.Applied linguistics

C.Sociolinguistics

D.Anthropological linguistics

解析:[解析] 心理语言学研究的是语言和心理的相互关系。它重点解决以下问题:人类运用语言时的心理过程是怎样的,我们小时候是怎样习得母语的,交际过程中我们是用什么方式来识记并加工我们所接收到

的信息的。

13.Chomsky uses the term ______ to refer to the actual realization of a language user"s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.

(分数:2.00)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,ngue

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,petence

C.parole

D.performance √

解析:[解析] 按照乔姆斯基的定义,能力是一个理想的语言使用者所具有的有关其所使用语言规则的知识,运用则是指这种知识在语言交际过程中的实际运用。

14.Linguistics is the scientific study of ______.

(分数:2.00)

A.a particular language

B.the English language

C.human languages in general √

D.the system of a particular language

解析:[解析] 语言学的研究不是针对某一特定的语言,而是针对所有语言而言的。

15.Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any ______ system of communication.

(分数:2.00)

A.artificial

B.non-linguistic

C.animal √

D.abstract

解析:[解析] 语言的甄别性特征(又称区别性特征)是美国语言学家C·霍凯特提出的,它指的是将人类语言和其他动物的交际系统区别开来的那些特征。通过对语言和动物交际体系的对比,我们可以更好地把握

语言的本质。

16.The distinction between competence and performance is similar to the distinction between ______. (分数:2.00)

A.prescriptive and descriptive

B.synchronic and diachronic

C.speech and writing

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,ngue and parole √

解析:[解析] 20世纪50年代末,美国语言学家乔姆斯基提出了一对和语言/言语相类似的概念,那就是语言能力和语言运用。语言能力是一个理想的语言使用者所具有的有关其所使用语言规则的知识,语言运用则是指这种知识在语言交际过程中的实际运用。

17.A scientific study of language is conducted with reference to some ______ of language structure. (分数:2.00)

A.data

B.general theory √

C.facts

D.hypotheses

解析:[解析] 对语言进行科学地研究最根本的,是要对语言材料进行系统的调查研究,并在语言结构的一般理论指导下进行。

18.Modern linguistics is the scientific study of language, therefore modern linguists emphasize the importance of language data collected from ______.

(分数:2.00)

A.newspapers and magazines

B.the language people actually speak √

C.writings by the most famous authors

D.radio broadcasts

解析:[解析] 对语言进行科学的研究最根本的是要对语言材料进行系统的调查研究,并在语言结构的一般理论指导下进行。要找出语言体系中潜在的本质,一个语言学家首先必须研究语言材料,即要观察一般情况下语言的使用方法。

19.Modern linguistics focuses on the present-day language, and it will be possible to describe language from a ______ point of view.

(分数:2.00)

A.sociological

B.synchronic √

C.diachronic

D.psychological

解析:[解析] 在现代语言学中,共时性研究比历时性研究更受人青睐。其主要原因是,对一种语言不同时期的状况进行成功的研究之前,人们很难对它在历史变迁中所发生的变化进行描述。人们一般把共时性的描述看做是对时下现存语言的描述,大多数的语言学研究皆属此类。

20.The study of sounds used in linguistic communication is called ______.

(分数:2.00)

A.phonetics √

B.phonology

C.phoneme

D.phone

解析:[解析] 首先引起语言学家们注意的是语言使用中的声音现象。这种对语言交际中声音的研究最终促成了语言学的第一个分支——语音学的建立。

21.Saussure used ______ to refer to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of

a speech community.

(分数:2.00)

A.performance

B.parole

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,ngue √

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,petence

解析:[解析] 语言和言语的区别是瑞士语言学家索绪尔提出来的。语言是语言使用者们必须恪守的一套语言习惯和规则,而言语则是指对这些习惯和规则的遵守和实际应用。语言是抽象的,它并不具体指人们现实生活中所使用的语言;言语是具体的,它指的是自然而然正在发生的、具体的语言事件。语言是相对稳定的,它不会频繁地发生变化;而言语则因人而异,因语境的不同而不同。

三、PART TWO(总题数:0,分数:0.00)

四、Ⅱ.Directions: Define the following terms, giving example for il lustration if necessary.(总题数:10,分数:20.00)

22.displacement

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:()

解析:Displacement is one of the design features of language. It refers to the fact that language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker, i.e. language can be used to refer to things that are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places.[解析] 语言可以用来表达不在说话现场所发生的情况,这就是“位移”的意义所在。语言的这种特性使说话者有机会谈论更广阔领域内的事情,完全没有时空障碍。相反,任何动物的交际系统都不具有这种特性。动物们的叫声主要来自于对突发事件现场的反映。

23.diachronic study

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:()

解析:The diachronic study of language refers to the description of a language as it changes through time. For example, a study of the changes English has undergone since Shakespeare"s time.[解析] 对随时间的推移而发生变化的语言所作的描述,叫做历时性研究。历时性研究属于历史性的研究。它所研究的是语言经过一定时间阶段所发生的历史变化。

24.synchronic study

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:()

解析:A synchronic study of language is an account of its structure at some point in time. For example, a study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare"s time would be a synchronic study.[解析] 语言存在于时间之中并随着时间的推移而发展变化着。对处于某一时间点的语言所作的描述叫做共时性研究,比如说,对莎士比亚时期英语特点所进行的研究,就是共时性研究。

25.arbitrariness

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:()

解析:By arbitrariness, we mean that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds, e.g. a dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. Language is largely arbitrary, but not entirely arbitrary.[解析] 语言具有任意性,也就是说语言的声音和意义之间没有逻辑关系。最好的一个例证就是不同的语言里使用不同的声音来代表相同的事物。不过尽管语言从本质上讲是具有任意性特征的,但也并不尽然,每种语言里面都有直接模仿自然界声音的词汇。

26.general linguistics

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:()

解析:The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.[解析] 把语言作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般称为普通语言学。普通语言学和其他领域的语言学研究分支不同,它的研究对象主要是能够应用于所有语言研究的基本概念、理论、描述、模型和方法等。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,petence

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:()

解析:According to Chomsky, competence refers to the ideal user"s knowledge of the rules of his knowledge, which enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous, e.g. The boy kissed the girl is grammatical, but Girl the boy the kissed is ungrammatical.[解析] 按照乔姆斯基的定义,语言能力是一个理想的语言使用者所具有的有关其所使用语言规则的知识,它指说话者已经把有关他母语的规则体系内化了,这使得他可以创造出和理解无限多的句子并能够辨别出那些不合乎语法和有歧义的句子。

28.productivity

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:()

解析:Productivity is one of the design features of human language which enables language users to understand and interpret new signals, so that they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences, including sentences they have never heard before. Productivity is unique to human being. No animal communication system has such a defining property.[解析] 创造性是语言的几个甄别性特征之一。我们说语言具有创造性是因为语言的使用者能够利用语言合成和解释一些全新的符号。这就说明了他们为什么能够创造和理解无限多的、甚至包括他们以前从没听到过的句子。创造性是人类语言所特有的。许多动物的交际系统从它们的使用者发出和接收的不同信号的数量来看是相当有局限性的。

29.applied linguistics

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:()

解析:Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the solution of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ability. The study of such applications is generally known as applied linguistics. But in a narrow sense applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic theories and principles to language teaching, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages.[解析] 语言学研究的发现经常被应用于解决一些诸如言语能力恢复之类的实际问题。对这种应用范畴的研究一般称之为应用语言学。但是从狭义上来讲,应用语言学指的是语言理论和原则在语言教学中的应用,尤其是在外语学习和第二语言教学中的应用。

30.duality

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:()

解析:Duality refers to two sets or levels of structures of language, i.e. the level or basic level of sounds and the higher level of forms (morphemes and words). This property of human language enables its users to talk about anything within their knowledge.[解析] 语言是由两套结构或者说两个层面所组成的一个系统。它的较低层次,也就是它的基本层次,是声音,它们是没有意义的,但是这些语言的声音经过组合甚至反复组合形成数量众多的诸如词素或单词的意义单位,这些意义单位可以在语言系统的较高层次出现。然后这些较高层次的单位也可再次被重新组合构成无穷无尽的句子。这种语言结构的双重性(也叫结构双层性)使得语言使用者能够就其所知谈论任何事情。

31.descriptive linguistics

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:()

解析:Descriptive linguistics refers to the linguistic study which aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use in communication. Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive.[解析] 如果一种语言学的研究是对人们实际使用中的语言进行的描述和分析,那么这种研究就是描述性的。现代语言学,即20世纪所进行的语言学研究,大多数是描述性的。

五、Ⅱ.Directions:Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false(总题数:23,分数:23.00)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored by modern linguists.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 语言存在于时间之中并随着时间的推移而发展变化着。对处于某一时间点的语言所作的描述叫做共时性研究;对随时间的推移而发生变化的语言所作的描述,叫做历时性研究。在现代语言学中,似乎共时性研究比历时性研究更受人青睐。其主要原因是,对一种语言不同时期的状况进行成功的研究之前,人们很难对它在历史变迁中所发生的变化进行描述。改正:It is true that language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. But they are not equally favored by modern linguists. Modern linguists tend to take a synchronic approach rather than a diachronic one.

33.The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while parole refers to the concrete use of conventions and rules, thus varying from person to person.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 语言和言语的区别是瑞士语言学家F.de索绪尔在20世纪初提出的。它们是两个法语单词。语言指的是某一特定的语言社区中的所有成员所共有的那种抽象的语言系统,言语则指的是语言在实际应用中的具体体现。语言是语言使用者们必须恪守的一套语言习惯和规则,而言语则是指对这些习惯和规则的遵守和实际应用。言语因人而异,因语境的不同而不同。

34.An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the "best authors" for language usage.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 过去,传统的语法学家们都有过分强调书面语重要性的倾向,这部分是由于书面语言的相对恒定性。在发明录音之前,人们很难处理那些谈话中稍纵即逝的语言。另外,传统的古典教育也负有一些责任,它总是鼓励人们去模仿文学“大家”们的语言使用方法。

35.Early grammars were based on "high" written language which set models for language users to follow.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 现代语言学,即20世纪所进行的语言学研究,大多数是描述性的。它和通常被称作“语法”的语言研究大相径庭。早期的语法主要依赖的是“高级”的(宗教的、文学的)书面语言,它们规定了很多模式让语言使用者们模仿。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 语言是用于人类交际目的的一套任意的有声符号系统。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb18370777.html,nguage is vocal because the primary medium is sounds for all languages.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 语言是有声音的,这是因为对所有的语言而言,不论它们的书写系统如何发达,声音都是最主要的媒介。所有的证据都说明这样一个事实,那就是书写系统的形成要比口语形成晚得多,它们只是为了在纸张上捕捉声音和意义的尝试之举。

38.The arbitrary nature of language makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 语言的武断性是语言高级化的标志,它使得语言能够有无数途径来生产无穷无尽的表达方式。

39.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 在我们所了解的所有人类社会中,口头语言总是先于书面语言而出现的。任何一种语言的书写体系总是人们后来为了记录口头语言而发明的。尽管当今世界上绝大多数的语言既存在着口头形式,也同时存在着书面形式,但也有大量的语言只有口头形式。答案为F。改正:The writing system is always

a later invention.

40.The arbitrary nature of language is absolute, i.e. there are no words in world languages that maintain a correspondence between form and sound.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 尽管语言从本质上讲是具有任意性特征的,但也并不尽然。每种语言里面都有直接模仿自然界声音的词汇,比如英语中的rumble,crash,cackle,bang等。改正:There are words in world languages that maintain a correspondence between form and sound, such as "bang" and "crash" in English.

41.After the emergence of a new linguistic theory often emerges a new teaching approach or method.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 从狭义上来讲,应用语言学指的是语言理论和原则在语言教学中的应用,尤其是在外语学习和第二语言教学中的应用。一种新的教学理念或教学方法的出现总是和某种新的语言学理论相伴而生的。42.Linguists can concentrate on all the aspects of language at once.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 语言是一种包含有多层次和多方面的综合体,语言学家们不可能一下子都能够研究得面面俱到,每一次只能集中研究其中的一个方面。改正:Linguists have to concentrate on one aspect of language at a time since language is a complicated entity with multiple layers and facets.

43.Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 现代语言学基本上都是描述性的,是对人们实际使用中的语言进行描述和分析,而通常被称作“语法”的语言研究是规定性的,它主要研究“高级”的(宗教的、文学的)书面语言。

44.Diachronic study describes language as it changes through time.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 语言存在于时间之中并随着时间的推移而发展变化着。对处于某一时间点的语言所作的描述叫做共时性研究;对随时间的推移而发生变化的语言所作的描述,叫做历时性研究。

45.Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 尽管人类的语言能力有一定的遗传基础,即我们生来就具有习得某种语言的能力,但并非所有的语言细节都能通过遗传获得,而是要通过教或学才可得以完成。改正:Human language is culturally transmitted, not genetically transmitted, i.e. although we are born with the ability to acquire

a language, we have to learn the details of a language to be able to use it.

46.General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 把语言作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般称为普通语言学。普通语言学和其他领域的语言学研究分支不同,它的研究对象主要是能够应用于所有语言研究的基本概念、理论、描述、模型和方法等。

47.People can utter a sentence he has never heard or used before. In this sense, human language is creative.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 我们说语言具有创造性是因为语言的使用者能够利用语言合成和解释一些全新的符号。这就说明了他们为什么能够创造和理解无限多的句子,甚至包括他们以前从没听到过的句子。改正:People can utter a sentence he has never heard or used before. In this sense, human language is productive.

48.In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 现代语言学看重口头语言,认为它比书面形式更为基本。这是由很多原因造成的。改正:Modern linguistics gives priority to the spoken form of language, which is considered as more basic than the written form.

49.Of all the design features of language, displacement is the most important.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 语言的甄别性特征(或称识别性特征)指的是把人类语言和其他动物的交际系统区别开来的那些特征。通过语言和动物交际体系的对比,我们可以更好地把握语言的本质。在十二种甄别性特征中,没有哪一种特征被认为是最重要的。改正:None of the design features of language is proposed to be the most important.

50.Only a few of the languages in the world today are both spoken and written.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 当今世界上绝大多数的语言既存在着口头形式,也同时存在着书面形式。改正:Quite a number of languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.

51.After studying the language structure, a linguist will formulate some hypotheses about the language facts.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 要找出语言体系中潜在的本质,一个语言学家首先必须研究语言材料,即要观察一般情况下语言的使用方法,继而对语言的结构具体地提出一些假设。改正:What a linguist first studies is the language facts, and the hypotheses are formulated about the language structure.

52.With their respective distinction between langue and parole, and competence and performance, both Saussure and Chomsky present the view that only the abstract structure of language can be studied systematically, but not its use.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确√

B.错误

解析:[解析] 和索绪尔一样,乔姆斯基也认为语言学家应该研究的是说话者的能力,或者说语言的结构,而不是他对语言的实际运用——后者随意性太强而不能进行研究。

53.Sentences are words put together in a random order.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 语言是一个系统,语言的各个成分都是按照一定的规则组合在一起的。如果语言不是按照某种规则而构成的话,那么人们就不可能连续地学习和使用它。改正:Sentences are strings of words put together according to rules.

54.A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare"s time is an example of the diachronic study of language.

(分数:1.00)

A.正确

B.错误√

解析:[解析] 语言存在于时间之中并随着时间的推移而发展变化着。对处于某一时间点的语言所作的描述叫做共时性研究;对随时间的推移而发生变化的语言所作的描述,叫做历史性研究。历时性研究属于历史性的研究。它所研究的是语言经过一定时间阶段所发生的历史变化。比如说,对莎士比亚时期英语的特点所进行的研究,就是共时性研究;但对莎士比亚以来语言所发生的变化的研究,就属于历时性研究。改正:A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare"s time would be a synchronic study, and a study of the changes English has undergone since then would be a diachronic study.

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