2012年高考定语从句复习

2012年高考定语从句复习 一、概念：由一个引导词引导的一个从句修饰前面的先行词（名词或代词）或指代前面整个句子的内容，即为定语从句。

二、引导词的种类：关系代词和关系副词 1. 关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，whose

作定语（=the +名词 +of+ whom或the+名词+of +which）。代人的有：who,whom, that；代物的有：that,which. 例如： The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语) That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略) I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语) 2. 关系副词：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。 例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略) The house where they live is not very large. This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词； 2. 非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。 例：He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系) He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容)

四、常见考点 1.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 2. that 与which 的区别 3.介词+关系代词 4.as 与which的区别（在非限定性定从中） 5. as 与 that的区别（在限定性定从中） 6.指人时that 与who的区别 7.定语从句与易混句型（并列句，同位语从句，强调句型）

1.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 基本方法：(1)找先行词(2)将先行词放在定从中，补充完整。(3)用关系词代替先行词，并将其提到定语从句的句首。 易错点: I will never forget the day when I first went to school. I will never forget the day (that/ which) we spent in Beijing. The house (that/which) we visited is being repaired now. The house where Luxun once lived is being repaired now. 1. Is this factory ____ we visited last week? 2. Is this the factory ____ we visited last week? A、where B、that C、to which D、the one 解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。正解：1.D 2.B 2. that 与which 的区别: ----------只用that的情况: (1)先行词为all, little, the one, much, everything, nothing, no, something, anything等不定代词 (2)先行词被all, the only , the very, the just, any, every, no 等修饰时 (3)先行词是序数词或最高级或有序数词形容词最高级修饰时。(如the best, the last, the first) (4)当先行词既包括人又包括物时 练习：1. He talked happily about the men and books___ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 2. This is the best film _____ I have seen. A. that B. which C. where D. in that 3. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 4. Which is the book _____ belongs to Tom? A.whom B. which C. who D. that ----------只用which不用that的情况: (1)非限制性定语从句 (2)介词后面 练习：1. His dog,______ was now old, became ill and died. A. which B that C this D. it 2. The day on______ he was born was Dec. 20,1990. A. when B. that C. which D. this

3.介词+ 关系代词 提醒: 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择. 方法: 根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配 (1)先行词为人,关系代词用介词+whom; 先行词为物, 用介词+which;介词+关系词可共同提前，也可只提关系词，介词放定语从句后 (2)固定的动词短语,介词不能提前。 Is this the book which/thathe is looking for? (3)关系代词和关系副词有时可转换： where, when, why = 介词 + which (4)先行词是the way作状语译为“方式’ 时, 关系代词用that\in which或省略. I don’t like the way that/in which/不填you laughed at her. 练习：（2011江西卷）34. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 2. In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help. A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that

4. as与which引导的非限定性定从定语从句中的区别： (1) which, as代替整个句子；which不能放句首,as既可以放句首，也可放句中; (2)which译为“这一点”，as译为“正如”，常与see, say, know, mention ,expect 搭配如：as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as you can see 练习：用as, which 选词填空。 1. ___ we know, Taiwan belongs to China. 2. He passed the game,______ made us happy. 3. He passed the exam,______ was expected.

5. as与that引导的限定性定语从句的区别: 当先行词前有as, so, such, the same修饰时,关系代词常用as。表示“像…一样” (1)This is such an easy question as I can answer. 定语从句---这是一个我能回答的简单问题 (2)This is such an easy question that I can answer. 状语从句—这个问题如此简单以致我能回答 This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B 选D 比较： ...the same pen as I lost. 表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是 ... the same pen that I lost. 则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 .

6. that 与who的区别: 在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”. Those who break the law are punished. He who breaks the law is punished.

7. 易混句型 (1)定语从句与并列句 a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _____ were black with disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______were black with disease. A. them B. which 解题点拨 : 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。 (2)定语从句与同位语从句 a. The news that our volleyball team won the match made us excited. b. The news (that/ which) he told me yesterday is exciting. 解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成分(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。 (3)定语从句与强调句型 a. It was at seven o’clock ______he went to school this morning. b. It was seven o’clock _______he went to school this morning.