被动语态888

被动语态讲解 一、总述： 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： 1. He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） 2. The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 动词的过去分词。

二、被动语态的形式： 1) 常用时态被动语态的构成： 一般现在时： am / is / are + given

一般过去时： was / were +given 一般将来时： shall / will +be+ given 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given 现在完成时： have / has + been + given 含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词＋be + given 2）被动语态的否定式：在第一个助动词后加not构成。如： 1. Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 2. A lot of tall buildings will not be built here soon. 这儿不会很快建许多高楼。 3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。如： 1. Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday? 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ 2. How much money was stolen in all? 一共被偷了多少钱？

三、被动语态使用范围： ▲ 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。如： 1. Some stamps were stolen last week. 上周一些邮票被偷了。（谁做的动作不知道） 2. The PRC was founded on October 1, 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。（说出谁做的没必要） 3. Football is played in most middle schools. 大多数中学踢足球。（动作承受者需强调）

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法： 转换图示： ▲ 主动语态变被动语态口诀： 宾语提前主语变，谓语要把被动变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。 1）主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： 1. 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom beat him.→ He was beaten by Tom. 汤姆打败了他。→他被汤姆打败了。 2. 将动词改为"be+过去分词"的被动形式。 注意：被动语态谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持 一致。如：They held a meeting yesterday.→ A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 3. 将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词及短语之后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song.→ A song was sung by him. 他唱了一首歌。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语（双宾语）的句子：“主语+谓语+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.）”可变两种被动语态。如：My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 我叔叔在我生日那天给了我一件礼物。 间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.） 1. I was given a present by my uncle on my birthday. 间接宾语（sb.）作主语 2. A present was given to me by my uncle on my birthday. 直接宾语（sth.）作主语 注意：当直接宾语变被动语态的主语时，①一般在下列动词后bring, give, hand, lend, pass, pay, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等，间接宾语前加介词to。如： 1. I lent her my bike.→My bike was lent to her by me. 我的自行车被我借给他了。 2. The teacher showed the class the cup.→The cup was showed to the class by the teacher. 这个茶杯被老师拿给同学们看了。 ②一般在下列动词后build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, find, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等，间接宾语前加介词for, 如： 1. Mother made me a new skirt.→A new skirt was made for me by Mother. 妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。 2. Mother cooked us the meat.→The meat was cooked for us by Mother. 妈妈为我们煮的肉。 3. They played us some country music.→Some country music was played for us by them. 他们为我们演奏了一些乡村音乐。 3) 在look at, see, watch, notice, listen to, hear, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语。如： 1. I often hear Lucy sing in her room.→Lucy is often heard to sing by me in her room. 我经常听见露西在她房间里唱歌。 2. He saw Mr. John go into the library.→Mr. John was seen to go into the library by him. 他看见约翰先生走进了图书馆。

五、下列动词（词组）没有被动式： 1. 系动词无被动语态，以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有： ① be动词 He is a student. 他是一个学生。（只有主动形式及意义） ② ……起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, feel, sound, smell, taste e.g. 1、She looks/seems/appears happy. 她看起来/好像/看来很高兴。 2、It tastes terrible. 它尝起来糟糕。 3、The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。 4、The watch looks good. 这表看起来很好。 ③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. 1、His wish has come true. 他的愿望已经实现。 2、People often went hungry in the old days. 过去人们经常挨饿。 3、The tree is growing tall. 这棵树正在长高。 ④ 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 我们必须在阅览室保持安静。 2. 不及物动词及短语sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear, happen, cost, take, take place, break out, belong to等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 e.g. 1、An accident was happened yesterday.（×） An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。 2、This book sells well. 这本书畅销。 3、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 4、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 5、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。 6、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。 7、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 8、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久）

六、被动语态提高巩固练习： 1. 变被动语态： 1. People use knives for cutting things. Knives ___ ___ ____ __ for cutting things by people. 2. The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom____ __ ____ ___ by the students twice a month.